رهبر 30초 만에
- A person who guides and directs others.
- Often holds a position of authority.
- Can lead a country, organization, or group.
- Implies influence and responsibility.
Understanding 'رهبر' (Rahbar)
The Persian word 'رهبر' (Rahbar) translates directly to 'leader' in English. It refers to someone who is at the forefront, guiding, directing, or influencing a group of people. This can range from the leader of a small club to the head of a nation.
- Key Roles
- Political Leadership: The president, prime minister, or king of a country is often referred to as 'رهبر' in a political context.
- Organizational Leadership: The CEO of a company, the head of a non-profit organization, or the principal of a school can be called a 'رهبر'.
- Social and Spiritual Guidance: In some contexts, a respected elder, a religious figure, or a prominent activist who inspires a community can be considered a 'رهبر'.
- Team Dynamics: Even in informal settings, like a sports team or a project group, the person who naturally takes initiative and guides others can be seen as a 'رهبر'.
The word implies a sense of responsibility, vision, and the ability to influence the direction and actions of others. It's a term used across various levels of society, from everyday conversations to formal political discourse.
The nation looks to its رهبر for guidance.
Our team needs a strong رهبر to win the championship.
The concept of leadership is universal, and 'رهبر' is the specific term used in Persian to denote this role. It's a powerful word that carries weight and significance in many contexts.
Putting 'رهبر' into Practice
Using 'رهبر' correctly in sentences involves understanding its role as a noun referring to a leader. It can be used in various grammatical structures, often preceded by definite articles or possessive pronouns, and can be the subject or object of a sentence.
- Basic Structures
- Subject of the sentence: The رهبر spoke to the nation. (رهبر ملت را خطاب کرد.)
- Object of the sentence: We support the رهبر. (ما از رهبر حمایت میکنیم.)
- Describing a leader: He is a good رهبر. (او یک رهبر خوب است.)
Consider the context when using 'رهبر'. It's a formal term, often used in discussions about politics, organizations, or significant social movements. For informal leadership roles, other words might be more appropriate.
The new رهبر promised change.
Here are some more examples showcasing different grammatical uses:
- Advanced Usage
- Possessive form: The رهبر's speech was inspiring. (سخنرانی رهبر الهامبخش بود.)
- With adjectives: A wise رهبر is needed. (یک رهبر خردمند لازم است.)
- In compound sentences: The people elected a new رهبر who promised progress. (مردم رهبر جدیدی را انتخاب کردند که وعده پیشرفت داد.)
The رهبر of the movement inspired many.
'رهبر' in Real-World Conversations
The word 'رهبر' is frequently encountered in various media and daily life in Persian-speaking communities. Its usage often reflects the importance placed on leadership and direction.
- News and Politics
- You will hear 'رهبر' constantly in news reports discussing national politics, international relations, and speeches by heads of state. For example, news channels will often refer to 'رهبر انقلاب' (Leader of the Revolution) or the 'رهبر عالی' (Supreme Leader) in the context of Iran.
- Business and Organizations
- In discussions about companies, NGOs, or even large clubs, the term 'رهبر' might be used for the chief executive, director, or president. 'رهبر شرکت' (company leader) or 'رهبر سازمان' (organization leader) are common phrases.
- Social Commentary and Discussions
- People often use 'رهبر' when discussing influential figures in society, whether they are activists, artists, or community elders who guide and inspire others. 'او یک رهبر واقعی است' (He is a true leader) is a common sentiment.
- Educational Settings
- In schools or universities, while 'مدیر' (manager) or 'رئیس' (head) might be used for administrative roles, 'رهبر' could be used to describe a student who takes initiative in group projects or a teacher who inspires their students.
The news reported on the رهبر's recent policy changes.
The community looks up to him as their رهبر.
Avoiding Pitfalls with 'رهبر'
While 'رهبر' is a straightforward word, learners might make mistakes by using it in contexts where it's too formal or by confusing it with similar terms.
- Mistake 1: Overuse in Informal Settings
- Incorrect: My friend is the رهبر of our study group. (دوست من رهبر گروه مطالعه ماست.)
- Correct: My friend is the leader/coordinator of our study group. (دوست من مسئول/هماهنگکننده گروه مطالعه ماست.)
- Explanation: 'رهبر' often implies a more significant level of authority or influence than simply coordinating a small group. Words like 'مسئول' (responsible person) or 'هماهنگکننده' (coordinator) are more fitting for informal leadership.
- Mistake 2: Confusing with Manager/Director
- Incorrect: The رهبر of the department announced new policies. (رهبر بخش سیاستهای جدیدی را اعلام کرد.)
- Correct: The manager/head of the department announced new policies. (مدیر/رئیس بخش سیاستهای جدیدی را اعلام کرد.)
- Explanation: While a manager or director is a type of leader, 'رهبر' usually refers to a higher level of authority, often in a political or national context. 'مدیر' (manager) or 'رئیس' (head/chief) are more precise for organizational roles.
- Mistake 3: Grammatical Agreement
- Incorrect: They chose a رهبرs to guide them. (آنها یک رهبران را انتخاب کردند تا آنها را راهنمایی کنند.)
- Correct: They chose a leader to guide them. (آنها یک رهبر را انتخاب کردند تا آنها را راهنمایی کنند.)
- Explanation: In Persian, 'رهبر' is typically used in its singular form when referring to one leader. The plural form is 'رهبران' (rahbaran), which would be used if referring to multiple leaders. Ensure the number agreement is correct.
It's important to use رهبر appropriately for its intended meaning.
Nuances: 'رهبر' vs. Other Leadership Terms
Persian, like any language, has several words to describe leadership roles, each with its own shade of meaning and context. Understanding these differences helps in choosing the most appropriate term.
- رهبر (Rahbar)
- Meaning: Leader, often with a strong sense of direction, influence, and sometimes moral or political authority. Typically used for heads of state, major movements, or highly respected figures.
- Usage: Formal, significant influence.
Example: The رهبر of the country addressed the nation. (رهبر کشور با ملت سخن گفت.)
- رئیس (Ra'is)
- Meaning: Chief, head, president, boss. This term is more general and can refer to the head of any organization, department, or even a family.
- Usage: Common, organizational head.
Example: He is the رئیس of the marketing department. (او رئیس بخش بازاریابی است.)
- مدیر (Modir)
- Meaning: Manager, director. This specifically refers to someone who manages operations, projects, or people within an organization.
- Usage: Specific to management roles.
Example: The مدیر approved the budget. (مدیر بودجه را تایید کرد.)
- سرپرست (Sarparast)
- Meaning: Supervisor, caretaker, interim head. This term is used for someone overseeing a task or department, often temporarily or in a supervisory capacity.
- Usage: Supervisory or temporary.
Example: She is the سرپرست of the new project. (او سرپرست پروژه جدید است.)
While 'رهبر' implies a broader, often more inspirational or authoritative leadership, terms like 'رئیس' and 'مدیر' are more about specific roles within an organizational structure. 'سرپرست' indicates a more hands-on or interim role.
Choosing the right word depends on the context and the nature of the leadership.
발음 가이드
- Pronouncing the 'r' as a hard English 'r'.
- Not aspirating the 'h' sound.
- Incorrect vowel sounds in the second syllable.
수준별 예문
او رهبر تیم فوتبال ما است.
He is the leader of our football team.
Subject + predicate nominative. 'او' (he/she) is the subject, 'رهبر' (leader) is the predicate nominative, describing 'او'.
رهبر جدید قول داد که کشور را بهبود بخشد.
The new leader promised to improve the country.
Subject + verb + object. 'رهبر جدید' (the new leader) is the subject, 'قول داد' (promised) is the verb, and the infinitive clause 'که کشور را بهبود بخشد' (to improve the country) is the object.
ما به رهبر خود احترام میگذاریم.
We respect our leader.
Subject + verb + object. 'ما' (we) is the subject, 'احترام میگذاریم' (respect) is the verb, and 'رهبر خود' (our leader) is the object.
هر گروهی به یک رهبر نیاز دارد.
Every group needs a leader.
Subject + verb + object. 'هر گروهی' (every group) is the subject, 'نیاز دارد' (needs) is the verb, and 'یک رهبر' (a leader) is the object.
آیا او رهبر خوبی خواهد بود؟
Will he be a good leader?
Interrogative sentence structure. The question word 'آیا' (whether/if) starts the sentence, followed by the subject, verb, and predicate adjective.
رهبران گذشته الهامبخش بودهاند.
Past leaders have been inspiring.
Plural subject + verb. 'رهبران گذشته' (past leaders) is the plural subject, 'بودهاند' (have been) is the plural verb.
این سازمان یک رهبر قوی دارد.
This organization has a strong leader.
Subject + verb + object. 'این سازمان' (this organization) is the subject, 'دارد' (has) is the verb, and 'یک رهبر قوی' (a strong leader) is the object.
انتخاب رهبر برای آینده مهم است.
Choosing a leader is important for the future.
Gerund phrase as subject. 'انتخاب رهبر' (choosing a leader) functions as the subject of the sentence.
رهبران سیاسی اغلب با چالشهای بزرگی روبرو هستند.
Political leaders often face great challenges.
Plural subject + adverb + verb + object. 'رهبران سیاسی' (political leaders) is the plural subject, 'اغلب' (often) is the adverb, 'روبرو هستند' (face) is the verb, and 'چالشهای بزرگی' (great challenges) is the object.
یک رهبر موفق باید شنونده خوبی باشد.
A successful leader must be a good listener.
Subject + modal verb + predicate adjective. 'یک رهبر موفق' (a successful leader) is the subject, 'باید باشد' (must be) is the modal verb phrase, and 'شنونده خوبی' (a good listener) is the predicate adjective.
نقش رهبر در ایجاد وحدت بسیار حیاتی است.
The leader's role in creating unity is very vital.
Noun phrase as subject. 'نقش رهبر' (the leader's role) is the subject, followed by the verb 'است' (is) and the predicate adjective 'بسیار حیاتی' (very vital).
تاریخ پر از رهبرانی است که دنیا را تغییر دادهاند.
History is full of leaders who have changed the world.
Prepositional phrase as subject complement. 'تاریخ' (history) is the subject, 'است' (is) is the verb, and 'پر از رهبرانی' (full of leaders) is the predicate adjective phrase, with a relative clause modifying 'رهبرانی'.
او به عنوان رهبر حزب انتخاب شد.
He was elected as the leader of the party.
Passive voice. 'او' (he) is the subject, 'انتخاب شد' (was elected) is the passive verb, and 'به عنوان رهبر حزب' (as the leader of the party) is a prepositional phrase indicating capacity.
رهبران بزرگ همیشه از اشتباهات خود درس میگیرند.
Great leaders always learn from their mistakes.
Plural subject + adverb + verb + prepositional phrase. 'رهبران بزرگ' (great leaders) is the plural subject, 'همیشه' (always) is the adverb, 'درس میگیرند' (learn) is the verb, and 'از اشتباهات خود' (from their mistakes) is the prepositional phrase.
وظیفه رهبر، هدایت مردم به سوی آینده بهتر است.
The leader's duty is to guide people towards a better future.
Noun phrase as subject + infinitive phrase as predicate nominative. 'وظیفه رهبر' (the leader's duty) is the subject, and 'هدایت مردم به سوی آینده بهتر' (to guide people towards a better future) is the predicate nominative.
ما به رهبری دلسوز و باتجربه نیاز داریم.
We need a compassionate and experienced leadership.
Subject + verb + object. 'ما' (we) is the subject, 'نیاز داریم' (need) is the verb, and 'رهبری دلسوز و باتجربه' (compassionate and experienced leadership) is the object. Note the use of 'رهبری' (leadership) here, derived from 'رهبر'.
رهبری که قادر به الهام بخشیدن به پیروانش باشد، ارزش زیادی دارد.
A leader who is capable of inspiring their followers is of great value.
Complex sentence with a relative clause. 'رهبری' (a leader) is the subject, modified by the relative clause 'که قادر به الهام بخشیدن به پیروانش باشد' (who is capable of inspiring their followers). The predicate is 'ارزش زیادی دارد' (is of great value).
بدون یک رهبر قوی، سازمان ممکن است دچار فروپاشی شود.
Without a strong leader, the organization may collapse.
Prepositional phrase + modal verb. 'بدون یک رهبر قوی' (without a strong leader) is a prepositional phrase setting the condition, followed by the subject 'سازمان' (organization) and the modal verb phrase 'ممکن است دچار فروپاشی شود' (may collapse).
تاریخ نشان میدهد که رهبران با دیدگاه بلندمدت، موفقیت بیشتری کسب کردهاند.
History shows that leaders with a long-term vision have achieved greater success.
Complex sentence with a subordinate clause. 'تاریخ' (history) is the subject, 'نشان میدهد' (shows) is the verb, and the subordinate clause 'که رهبران با دیدگاه بلندمدت، موفقیت بیشتری کسب کردهاند' (that leaders with a long-term vision have achieved greater success) functions as the object.
نقش رهبر در مواقع بحرانی، حفظ آرامش و ایجاد امید است.
The role of a leader in critical times is to maintain calm and foster hope.
Subject + infinitive phrase as predicate nominative. 'نقش رهبر در مواقع بحرانی' (The role of a leader in critical times) is the subject, and 'حفظ آرامش و ایجاد امید' (to maintain calm and foster hope) is the predicate nominative.
بسیاری معتقدند که رهبران باید الگوهای اخلاقی باشند.
Many believe that leaders should be ethical role models.
Complex sentence with a subordinate clause. 'بسیاری' (many) is the subject, 'معتقدند' (believe) is the verb, and the subordinate clause 'که رهبران باید الگوهای اخلاقی باشند' (that leaders should be ethical role models) is the object.
توسعه پایدار نیازمند رهبری خردمندانه و مسئولانه است.
Sustainable development requires wise and responsible leadership.
Subject + verb + object. 'توسعه پایدار' (sustainable development) is the subject, 'نیازمند است' (requires) is the verb, and 'رهبری خردمندانه و مسئولانه' (wise and responsible leadership) is the object. Note the use of 'رهبری'.
او به عنوان رهبر جنبش مقاومت شناخته شد.
He became known as the leader of the resistance movement.
Passive voice. 'او' (he) is the subject, 'شناخته شد' (became known) is the passive verb, and 'به عنوان رهبر جنبش مقاومت' (as the leader of the resistance movement) is a prepositional phrase indicating capacity.
فقدان یک رهبر قاطع میتواند باعث تفرقه شود.
The lack of a decisive leader can cause division.
Subject + modal verb + verb + object. 'فقدان یک رهبر قاطع' (The lack of a decisive leader) is the subject, 'میتواند شود' (can cause) is the modal verb phrase, and 'تفرقه' (division) is the object.
رهبران واقعی کسانی هستند که نه تنها دستور میدهند، بلکه الهامبخش تغییرات مثبت نیز میشوند.
True leaders are those who not only command but also inspire positive changes.
Complex sentence with correlative conjunctions. 'رهبران واقعی' (true leaders) is the subject, 'کسانی هستند' (are those) is the predicate. The relative clause uses 'نه تنها... بلکه' (not only... but also) to connect two parallel verb phrases.
بحرانهای جهانی نیازمند رهبری فراتر از مرزهای ملی هستند.
Global crises require leadership that transcends national borders.
Subject + verb + object. 'بحرانهای جهانی' (global crises) is the subject, 'نیازمند هستند' (require) is the verb, and 'رهبری فراتر از مرزهای ملی' (leadership that transcends national borders) is the object, with a descriptive phrase modifying 'رهبری'.
کارآیی یک رهبر در توانایی او برای ایجاد اجماع در میان دیدگاههای مختلف نهفته است.
A leader's effectiveness lies in their ability to build consensus among diverse viewpoints.
Subject + verb + prepositional phrase. 'کارآیی یک رهبر' (A leader's effectiveness) is the subject, 'نهفته است' (lies) is the verb, and 'در توانایی او برای ایجاد اجماع در میان دیدگاههای مختلف' (in their ability to build consensus among diverse viewpoints) is a prepositional phrase indicating location/source.
جامعهای که فاقد رهبری بصیرتگر است، در معرض انحراف قرار میگیرد.
A society lacking visionary leadership is susceptible to deviation.
Subject + passive verb + prepositional phrase. 'جامعهای' (A society) is the subject, modified by the participial phrase 'فاقد رهبری بصیرتگر' (lacking visionary leadership). The passive verb is 'قرار میگیرد' (is susceptible to/is placed in), and 'در معرض انحراف' (to deviation) is the prepositional phrase.
میراث یک رهبر بزرگ، نه در قدرت او، بلکه در تأثیر پایدار او بر نسلهای آینده است.
The legacy of a great leader is not in their power, but in their lasting impact on future generations.
Subject + predicate nominative with correlative conjunctions. 'میراث یک رهبر بزرگ' (The legacy of a great leader) is the subject. The predicate uses 'نه در... بلکه در...' (not in... but in...) to contrast two prepositional phrases.
رهبری که قادر به پیشبینی روندها و انطباق با تغییرات است، برای بقا ضروری است.
Leadership capable of anticipating trends and adapting to changes is essential for survival.
Subject + predicate adjective. 'رهبری' (Leadership) is the subject, modified by the participial phrase 'قادر به پیشبینی روندها و انطباق با تغییرات' (capable of anticipating trends and adapting to changes). The predicate adjective is 'ضروری' (essential) with the prepositional phrase 'برای بقا' (for survival).
موفقیت هر نهضتی به شدت به کیفیت رهبری آن بستگی دارد.
The success of any movement depends heavily on the quality of its leadership.
Subject + verb + adverbial phrase. 'موفقیت هر نهضتی' (The success of any movement) is the subject, 'بستگی دارد' (depends) is the verb, and 'به شدت به کیفیت رهبری آن' (heavily on the quality of its leadership) is the adverbial phrase indicating the basis of dependence.
رهبران دلسوز، با درک عمیق از نیازهای مردم، اعتماد و وفاداری را جلب میکنند.
Compassionate leaders, with a deep understanding of the people's needs, earn trust and loyalty.
Subject + participial phrase + verb + object. 'رهبران دلسوز' (Compassionate leaders) is the subject, modified by the participial phrase 'با درک عمیق از نیازهای مردم' (with a deep understanding of the people's needs). The verb is 'جلب میکنند' (earn), and the object is 'اعتماد و وفاداری' (trust and loyalty).
آن رهبر کاریزماتیک، با تکیه بر قدرت بلاغت خود، ملت را به سوی آرمانهایش هدایت کرد.
That charismatic leader, relying on the power of their rhetoric, guided the nation towards its ideals.
Complex sentence with a participial phrase. 'آن رهبر کاریزماتیک' (That charismatic leader) is the subject. The participial phrase 'با تکیه بر قدرت بلاغت خود' (relying on the power of their rhetoric) modifies the subject. The verb is 'هدایت کرد' (guided), and the object is 'ملت را به سوی آرمانهایش' (the nation towards its ideals).
در مواجهه با چالشهای بیسابقه، رهبری که قادر به نوآوری و انطباق باشد، شرط بقای سازمان است.
In the face of unprecedented challenges, leadership capable of innovation and adaptation is the condition for the organization's survival.
Prepositional phrase + subject + predicate adjective. 'در مواجهه با چالشهای بیسابقه' (In the face of unprecedented challenges) is a prepositional phrase. 'رهبری' (leadership), modified by the participial phrase 'قادر به نوآوری و انطباق باشد' (capable of innovation and adaptation), is the subject. The predicate adjective is 'شرط بقای سازمان' (the condition for the organization's survival).
میتوان گفت که میراث ماندگار یک رهبر، در توانایی او برای توانمندسازی دیگران نهفته است.
It can be said that a leader's lasting legacy lies in their ability to empower others.
Impersonal construction + subject + predicate nominative. 'میتوان گفت' (It can be said) is an impersonal construction. 'میراث ماندگار یک رهبر' (a leader's lasting legacy) is the subject, and 'در توانایی او برای توانمندسازی دیگران نهفته است' (lies in their ability to empower others) is the predicate nominative.
بدون درک عمیق از دینامیکهای فرهنگی و اجتماعی، هرگونه تلاش برای رهبری یک جامعه محکوم به شکست است.
Without a deep understanding of cultural and social dynamics, any attempt at leading a society is doomed to failure.
Prepositional phrase + subject + predicate adjective phrase. 'بدون درک عمیق از دینامیکهای فرهنگی و اجتماعی' (Without a deep understanding of cultural and social dynamics) is a prepositional phrase. 'هرگونه تلاش برای رهبری یک جامعه' (any attempt at leading a society) is the subject. The predicate adjective phrase is 'محکوم به شکست است' (is doomed to failure).
رهبران فراستمند، با پیشبینی روندهای آینده و اقدام پیشگیرانه، از بحرانهای احتمالی اجتناب میکنند.
Astute leaders, by anticipating future trends and taking preventive action, avoid potential crises.
Subject + participial phrase + verb + object. 'رهبران فراستمند' (Astute leaders) is the subject. The participial phrase 'با پیشبینی روندهای آینده و اقدام پیشگیرانه' (by anticipating future trends and taking preventive action) modifies the subject. The verb is 'اجتناب میکنند' (avoid), and the object is 'بحرانهای احتمالی' (potential crises).
قدرت واقعی رهبری در توانایی آن برای بسیج منابع و ایجاد همبستگی در جهت اهداف مشترک نهفته است.
The true power of leadership lies in its ability to mobilize resources and foster solidarity towards common goals.
Subject + verb + prepositional phrase. 'قدرت واقعی رهبری' (The true power of leadership) is the subject. 'نهفته است' (lies) is the verb. The prepositional phrase 'در توانایی آن برای بسیج منابع و ایجاد همبستگی در جهت اهداف مشترک' (in its ability to mobilize resources and foster solidarity towards common goals) indicates the location of this power.
جامعهای که فاقد رهبری الهامبخش است، به تدریج دچار رکود فکری و اجتماعی میشود.
A society that lacks inspiring leadership gradually suffers from intellectual and social stagnation.
Subject + passive verb + adverbial phrase. 'جامعهای' (A society) is the subject, modified by the relative clause 'که فاقد رهبری الهامبخش است' (that lacks inspiring leadership). The passive verb is 'میشود' (suffers/becomes), and 'به تدریج دچار رکود فکری و اجتماعی' (gradually suffers from intellectual and social stagnation) is the adverbial phrase indicating the consequence.
تحلیلگران بر این باورند که رهبری تحولآفرین، کلید عبور از بحرانهای پیچیده کنونی است.
Analysts believe that transformational leadership is the key to overcoming current complex crises.
Complex sentence with a subordinate clause. 'تحلیلگران' (Analysts) is the subject, 'بر این باورند' (believe) is the verb. The subordinate clause 'که رهبری تحولآفرین، کلید عبور از بحرانهای پیچیده کنونی است' (that transformational leadership is the key to overcoming current complex crises) functions as the object of the belief.
자주 쓰는 조합
자주 쓰는 구문
관용어 및 표현
— To be under the leadership/guidance of someone.
این پروژه تحت دست رهبر جدید است.
Neutral— To be one's own leader; to be self-reliant and independent.
او در زندگی همیشه رهبر خود بوده است.
Neutral— To eagerly await or look up to a leader for direction or salvation.
مردم چشم به راه رهبر خود بودند تا راهنمایی کند.
Figurative— An unquestionable leader; an absolute leader.
او رهبر بیچون و چرای تیم بود.
Formal— To become a leader through force or coercion.
برخی رهبران به زور قدرت را به دست میآورند.
Informal/Critical— Leader and follower; the relationship between leadership and followership.
رابطه رهبر و پیرو باید بر اساس اعتماد باشد.
Neutral— To become a leader through popular vote; elected leader.
او با رای مردم رهبر شد.
Political— Charismatic leader.
رهبر کاریزماتیک توانست حمایت گستردهای را جلب کند.
Descriptive— Leader and administrator; encompassing both guidance and management.
یک سازمان موفق به رهبر و ادارهکننده خوب نیاز دارد.
OrganizationalSummary
The Persian word 'رهبر' (Rahbar) means 'leader', referring to someone who guides, directs, or influences a group, organization, or country, carrying a sense of authority and responsibility.
- A person who guides and directs others.
- Often holds a position of authority.
- Can lead a country, organization, or group.
- Implies influence and responsibility.
예시
او رهبر خوبی برای تیم ماست.
관련 콘텐츠
society 관련 단어
اعضا
A2그룹의 구성원 또는 신체의 팔다리.
عادالانه
B1공정하게, 정의롭게. '그는 일을 공정하게(عادلانه) 처리했다.'
عادل
B1옳거나 합리적인 것에 근거함; 공정하고 공평한.
عادلانه
A2규칙이나 법에 따라 사람들을 평등하게 대우하는 것. 공정한 경쟁은 사회 발전을 도모합니다.
اعتماد به نفس
B1Self-confident; feeling trust in one's abilities, qualities, and judgment.
اعتراض
B1항의 또는 이의.
اعتراض کردن
A1반대나 불만을 표하다; 항의하다.
اعتیاد
B1중독은 특정 물질이나 활동에 의존하는 상태를 말합니다.
اعتیاد پیدا کردن
B1중독되다; 물질이나 활동에 의존하게 되다. 그는 스마트폰에 중독되었다.
عدالت
A1정의는 모든 사람에게 공정하고 올바른 도덕적 원칙을 의미합니다.
