Phrase in 30 Seconds
Use 'sans' to say 'without' when something is missing or excluded from a situation.
- Means: 'Without' or the absence of an object or person.
- Used in: Ordering food, describing feelings, or stating facts about lack.
- Don't confuse: Avoid using 'un' or 'une' after it in most cases.
내 수준에 맞는 설명:
뜻
Used to indicate the absence of something.
문화적 배경
The 'Sans-culottes' were the radical left-wing partisans of the lower classes during the French Revolution. Their name literally means 'without knee-breeches', which were the fashion of the nobility. Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), founded in Paris in 1971, uses 'sans' to signify that medical aid should not be restricted by national borders. The term 'sans-papiers' is used to describe immigrants without legal documents. It is a term of solidarity often used in protests and social movements. The 'Sans-Souci' Palace in Potsdam (though in Germany) was named in French by Frederick the Great to mean 'Without Care' or 'Carefree', reflecting the prestige of the French language in 18th-century European courts.
The Zero Article Rule
When using 'sans' with general nouns, drop the 'un/une/des'. Say 'sans peur', not 'sans une peur'.
The 'Sans Doute' Trap
Remember that 'sans doute' is weaker than 'sans aucun doute'. Don't use it for 100% certainty.
The Zero Article Rule
When using 'sans' with general nouns, drop the 'un/une/des'. Say 'sans peur', not 'sans une peur'.
The 'Sans Doute' Trap
Remember that 'sans doute' is weaker than 'sans aucun doute'. Don't use it for 100% certainty.
Subjunctive Alert
If you use 'sans que', you MUST use the subjunctive mood in the following verb.
셀프 테스트
Fill in the blank with 'sans' and the correct form of the noun (no article needed).
Je préfère mon café ___ (sucre).
Indefinite and partitive articles are dropped after 'sans'.
Which sentence is grammatically correct?
How do you say 'He left without eating'?
'Sans' is followed by the infinitive form of the verb.
Match the French 'sans' expression to its English meaning.
Match the following:
These are common compound nouns using 'sans'.
Complete the dialogue with the most natural response.
A: Tu penses qu'il va pleuvoir ? B: ___ , regarde les nuages noirs.
Since the clouds are black, the speaker is certain. 'Sans aucun doute' means certainly, while 'sans doute' means probably.
🎉 점수: /4
시각 학습 자료
With vs Without
연습 문제 은행
5 연습 문제Je préfère mon café ___ (sucre).
Indefinite and partitive articles are dropped after 'sans'.
How do you say 'He left without eating'?
'Sans' is followed by the infinitive form of the verb.
왼쪽의 각 항목을 오른쪽의 짝과 연결하세요:
These are common compound nouns using 'sans'.
A: Tu penses qu'il va pleuvoir ? B: ___ , regarde les nuages noirs.
Since the clouds are black, the speaker is certain. 'Sans aucun doute' means certainly, while 'sans doute' means probably.
🎉 점수: /5
자주 묻는 질문
14 질문No, 'sans' is a preposition itself. You say 'sans argent', never 'sans d'argent'.
It is neutral and used in every context imaginable.
Use 'sans aucun' or 'sans aucune' followed by a singular noun.
Rarely. Usually, you would say 'sans cela' (without that) or 'faire sans' (to do without).
'Sans' is a preposition (without), while 'pas de' is part of a verb negation (don't have).
When 'sans' forms a compound noun that acts as a label for a person or thing, a hyphen is used.
Yes, it's very common to mean 'Count me out' or 'Without me'.
Only in liaison before a vowel, where it sounds like a /z/.
It means 'flawless' or 'without a mistake', often used in sports or exams.
Sans lui.
Sans elle.
Yes, 'sans attendre' means 'without waiting'.
No, 'sincere' comes from 'sine cera' (without wax), but 'sans' is just the 'sine' part.
It describes someone who is shameless or has no manners.
관련 표현
sauf
similarexcept
hormis
similaraside from
dépourvu de
specialized formdevoid of
manque de
builds onlack of
어디서 쓸까?
At a Restaurant
Client: Je voudrais une salade sans tomates, s'il vous plaît.
Serveur: C'est noté, une salade sans tomates.
Buying Electronics
Vendeur: Voici nos nouveaux écouteurs sans fil.
Client: Est-ce qu'ils fonctionnent sans Bluetooth ?
Job Interview
Recruteur: Pouvez-vous travailler sans supervision ?
Candidat: Oui, je suis très autonome.
At the Airport
Agent: C'est un vol sans escale pour Paris.
Passager: Parfait, je voyage sans bagage en soute.
Social Gathering
Ami 1: Tu es venu sans ta copine ?
Ami 2: Oui, elle travaille ce soir.
Discussing Health
Médecin: Essayez de dormir sans médicaments.
Patient: C'est difficile sans aide.
암기하기
기억법
Think of 'Sans' as 'Scant' or 'None'. If it's Sans, it's Gone!
시각적 연상
Imagine a sandwich with two pieces of bread but absolutely nothing in the middle. That is a 'sandwich sans garniture'.
Rhyme
Sans pain, sans vin, c'est une triste fin.
Story
A traveler arrives at a hotel 'sans' money, 'sans' luggage, and 'sans' a reservation. The receptionist looks at him and says, 'You are a man sans everything!'
In Other Languages
In English, we use the suffix '-less' (homeless) or the word 'without'. In Spanish, it's 'sin', which sounds very similar and shares the same Latin root.
Word Web
챌린지
Go through your kitchen and name five things you could live without using the phrase 'Je peux vivre sans...'.
Review 'sans' today, in 3 days, and in 1 week. Focus on the 'no article' rule.
발음
The 's' is pronounced at the start, the 'an' is a nasal vowel, and the final 's' is silent.
격식 수준 스펙트럼
Il s'est retiré sans s'acquitter de sa dette. (Leaving a restaurant)
Il est parti sans payer. (Leaving a restaurant)
Il s'est barré sans payer. (Leaving a restaurant)
Il a fait un resto-basket. (Leaving a restaurant)
Derived from the Latin 'sine', meaning 'without'. It entered Old French as 'sens' before stabilizing as 'sans'.
재미있는 사실
The 's' at the end of 'sans' was added in the Middle Ages to mimic the look of other French adverbs, even though it isn't pronounced.
문화 노트
The 'Sans-culottes' were the radical left-wing partisans of the lower classes during the French Revolution. Their name literally means 'without knee-breeches', which were the fashion of the nobility.
“Les sans-culottes ont joué un rôle majeur en 1792.”
Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), founded in Paris in 1971, uses 'sans' to signify that medical aid should not be restricted by national borders.
“Il travaille pour Médecins Sans Frontières en Afrique.”
The term 'sans-papiers' is used to describe immigrants without legal documents. It is a term of solidarity often used in protests and social movements.
“Une manifestation pour les droits des sans-papiers.”
The 'Sans-Souci' Palace in Potsdam (though in Germany) was named in French by Frederick the Great to mean 'Without Care' or 'Carefree', reflecting the prestige of the French language in 18th-century European courts.
“Le palais de Sans-Souci est magnifique.”
대화 시작하기
Peux-tu vivre sans ton téléphone pendant une semaine ?
Quel est ton plat préféré, mais sans un ingrédient spécifique ?
Peut-on être heureux sans argent ?
자주 하는 실수
Un café sans du sucre.
Un café sans sucre.
L1 Interference
Il est parti sans disant au revoir.
Il est parti sans dire au revoir.
L1 Interference
Je suis sans une voiture.
Je n'ai pas de voiture.
L1 Interference
Sans doute, c'est vrai !
Sans aucun doute, c'est vrai !
L1 Interference
In Other Languages
sin
Spanish uses 'sin' + infinitive just like French, but the 'sans doute' false friend is unique to French.
ohne
German requires a specific grammatical case (accusative), whereas French 'sans' is case-neutral.
なしで (nashi de)
Japanese places the 'without' marker after the noun, while French places it before.
بدون (bidun)
Arabic often combines 'bi' (with/by) and 'dun' (under/without) to create the word.
没有 (méiyǒu)
French uses a preposition; Chinese uses a negative verb.
없이 (eopsi)
Korean is an agglutinative language where 'without' is a verb-derived adverb.
sem
Pronunciation is the main hurdle, as 'sem' is nasalized differently than 'sans'.
senza
Italian 'senza' is often followed by 'di' before pronouns (senza di me), which French 'sans' does not do.
Spotted in the Real World
“Sans toit ni loi”
A film by Agnès Varda about a young woman wandering without shelter or law.
“Sans contrefaçon, je suis un garçon”
A famous pop song about gender identity.
“Sans Famille”
A classic novel about an orphan boy.
“Manifestation des sans-papiers à Paris”
Reporting on social protests.
혼동하기 쉬운
Learners think it means 'without a doubt' (certainly).
In modern French, it means 'probably'.
Pronounced similarly in some contexts or confused in writing.
Sens means 'sense' or 'direction'; sans means 'without'.
자주 묻는 질문 (14)
No, 'sans' is a preposition itself. You say 'sans argent', never 'sans d'argent'.
grammar mechanicsIt is neutral and used in every context imaginable.
usage contextsUse 'sans aucun' or 'sans aucune' followed by a singular noun.
practical tipsRarely. Usually, you would say 'sans cela' (without that) or 'faire sans' (to do without).
grammar mechanics'Sans' is a preposition (without), while 'pas de' is part of a verb negation (don't have).
comparisonsWhen 'sans' forms a compound noun that acts as a label for a person or thing, a hyphen is used.
grammar mechanicsYes, it's very common to mean 'Count me out' or 'Without me'.
practical tipsOnly in liaison before a vowel, where it sounds like a /z/.
basic understandingIt means 'flawless' or 'without a mistake', often used in sports or exams.
usage contextsSans lui.
basic understandingSans elle.
basic understandingYes, 'sans attendre' means 'without waiting'.
usage contextsNo, 'sincere' comes from 'sine cera' (without wax), but 'sans' is just the 'sine' part.
cultural usageIt describes someone who is shameless or has no manners.
usage contexts
