B1 verb 중립 2분 분량

伸びる

nobiru /no̞biɾɯ/
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Overview

The verb “伸びる” (nobiru) is an intransitive ichidan verb with a broad range of meanings related to extending, growing, and stretching. It's used when something increases in length, height, or size on its own, without an external agent acting upon it. This contrasts with the transitive verb “伸ばす” (nobasu), which means 'to stretch something' or 'to extend something.'

One of the most common uses of “伸びる” is to describe physical growth. For example, a child's height can “伸びる” (子供の身長が伸びる - kodomo no shinchō ga nobiru), or plants can “伸びる” (植物が伸びる - shokubutsu ga nobiru). Hair and nails also “伸びる” (髪が伸びる - kami ga nobiru, 爪が伸びる - tsume ga nobiru).

Beyond physical growth, “伸びる” can refer to the extension of time or distance. A deadline can “伸びる” (締め切りが伸びる - shimekiri ga nobiru) if it's postponed, or a road can “伸びる” (道が伸びる - michi ga nobiru) if it's extended. It can also describe the expansion of a service or network, such as a company's business or a transportation line.

Figuratively, “伸びる” is used to express improvement or progress. A student's grades can “伸びる” (成績が伸びる - seiseki ga nobiru), indicating improvement. A company's sales can “伸びる” (売上が伸びる - uriage ga nobiru), showing an increase in revenue. In sports, an athlete's record or performance can “伸びる” (記録が伸びる - kiroku ga nobiru).

When something stretches or becomes elastic, “伸びる” is also used. For instance, rubber can “伸びる” (ゴムが伸びる - gomu ga nobiru), or a sweater might “伸びる” (セーターが伸びる - sētā ga nobiru) after being worn or washed many times, indicating it has lost its shape. This particular usage can sometimes imply a negative outcome, such as an item becoming saggy or less firm.

Furthermore, “伸びる” can describe the state of being spread out or becoming stale. If bread or mochi is left out and becomes hard, it might be described as “伸びる” in the sense of losing its freshness or becoming tougher. A queue or line of people can also “伸びる” (列が伸びる - retsu ga nobiru) as more people join it.

Understanding the intransitive nature of “伸びる” is key. It signifies a natural or internal process of extension, growth, or increase. When you want to express that someone or something causes something to stretch or grow, you would use the transitive counterpart “伸ばす.”

Examples:

  • 背が伸びる。(Se ga nobiru.) - To grow taller.
  • ゴムが伸びる。(Gomu ga nobiru.) - Rubber stretches.
  • 会社が伸びる。(Kaisha ga nobiru.) - The company grows/expands.
  • 締め切りが伸びた。(Shimekiri ga nobita.) - The deadline was extended.
  • 売り上げが伸びています。(Uriage ga nobite imasu.) - Sales are increasing.

자주 쓰는 조합

身長が伸びる
売り上げが伸びる
記録が伸びる
時間が伸びる
髪が伸びる

자주 혼동되는 단어

伸びる 대 伸ばす

伸びる is an intransitive verb, meaning 'to stretch, extend, grow' on its own. 伸ばす is a transitive verb, meaning 'to stretch something, extend something, grow something'.

문법 패턴

〜が伸びる 〜に伸びる 〜まで伸びる

사용법

사용 참고사항

The verb "伸びる" (nobiru) is an intransitive verb, meaning it does not take a direct object. It describes a subject that stretches, extends, grows, or spreads on its own. The transitive counterpart, "伸ばす" (nobasu), means 'to stretch, extend, grow (something).' This distinction is crucial for correct usage. "伸びる" can be used for physical growth (e.g., plants, hair, height), expansion (e.g., road, time, market), and improvement (e.g., skills, grades, sales). For example, 「草が伸びる」 (kusa ga nobiru - the grass grows), 「道が伸びる」 (michi ga nobiru - the road extends), 「成績が伸びる」 (seiseki ga nobiru - grades improve). It can also indicate something becoming longer or taking more time, such as 「会議が伸びる」 (kaigi ga nobiru - the meeting runs over). When referring to skills or abilities, it implies natural development or improvement over time, as in 「英語力が伸びる」 (eigo-ryoku ga nobiru - English ability improves). Pay attention to the context to understand the specific nuance of 'stretching,' 'growing,' or 'extending' as it can subtly shift depending on the subject.

자주 하는 실수

A common mistake is confusing 伸びる (nobiru) with 伸ばす (nobasu). 伸びる is intransitive, meaning something stretches or grows by itself (e.g., 身長が伸びる - 'height grows'). 伸ばす is transitive, meaning someone or something stretches or extends something else (e.g., 手を伸ばす - 'stretch one's hand'). Remember: 伸びる happens on its own, 伸ばす is done to something.

팁

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Usage Contexts

伸びる (nobiru) is a versatile verb with many meanings related to growth, extension, and improvement. It can describe physical growth (e.g., hair, plants), an increase in quantity (e.g., sales, popularity), progress or development (e.g., skills, technology), or even the stretching of an elastic material. It's an intransitive verb, meaning it doesn't take a direct object; the subject itself is doing the stretching or growing.

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Distinction from 伸ばす (nobasu)

It's crucial to distinguish 伸びる (nobiru - intransitive) from its transitive counterpart 伸ばす (nobasu - to stretch, extend, grow something). While 伸びる means 'to stretch/grow on its own,' 伸ばす means 'to stretch/grow something else.' For example, 髪が伸びる (kami ga nobiru - hair grows) vs. 髪を伸ばす (kami o nobasu - to grow one's hair out).

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Common Phrases and Nuances

Some common phrases include 背が伸びる (se ga nobiru - to grow taller), 売り上げが伸びる (uriage ga nobiru - sales increase), 計画が伸びる (keikaku ga nobiru - a plan is delayed), and 集中力が伸びる (shūchū-ryoku ga nobiru - concentration improves). Pay attention to the context to determine the precise meaning. It can also imply a positive development or improvement.

어원

200+ WORDS origin history.

문화적 맥락

The word "伸びる" (nobiru) in Japanese carries a broad range of cultural implications, reflecting various aspects of daily life and values. In business and personal development, it signifies growth, improvement, and progress, often associated with dedicated effort and continuous learning. For instance, a child's "背が伸びる" (se ga nobiru - to grow taller) is celebrated as a natural and positive development. In a broader societal sense, "経済が伸びる" (keizai ga nobiru - the economy grows) is a crucial indicator of national prosperity. However, it can also refer to things stretching or extending beyond their intended limits, which can be seen negatively, such as a deadline "伸びる" (nobiru - to be extended) suggesting a delay, or a rubber band "伸びる" (nobiru - to stretch out) implying it might lose its elasticity. The concept of "伸びしろ" (nobishiro), literally "room to grow," is a highly valued idea in Japanese culture, emphasizing potential and future development in individuals and organizations. This highlights a cultural appreciation for resilience, continuous improvement, and the pursuit of excellence.

암기 팁

Visualize a rubber band being stretched. The word 伸びる (nobiru) sounds a bit like 'no beer' – if you don't drink beer, you might stretch out and grow taller! Or, think of 'nobiru' as 'no bill' – if something grows, like a plant, it doesn't send you a bill to get taller. It just *grows* and *extends* naturally.

자주 묻는 질문

4 질문

'伸びる' (nobiru) is a Japanese verb that means 'to stretch,' 'to extend,' or 'to grow' in an intransitive sense. It indicates that something is increasing in length, size, or scope on its own.

Certainly. A common example is '草が伸びる' (kusa ga nobiru), which means 'the grass grows long.' Another example is '身長が伸びる' (shincho ga nobiru), meaning 'one's height grows.'

Yes, '伸びる' can refer to physical growth like hair or plants, or the extension of something like a road. It can also imply improvement or progress, such as '学力が伸びる' (gakuryoku ga nobiru), meaning 'academic ability improves.'

'伸びる' is intransitive, meaning it happens on its own, like 'the rubber band stretches.' '伸ばす' (nobasu) is transitive, meaning someone or something causes the action, like 'I stretch the rubber band.' The key difference is the presence of an agent performing the action.

셀프 테스트

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このゴムはよく___。

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
fill blank

子供たちの背が___のは早い。

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
fill blank

会議は予定より長く___しまった。

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:

점수: /3

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