이 페이지를 내 언어로
English فارسی العربية Deutsch Español Français 日本語 Português 中文 हिन्दी
A2 noun 8분 분량

sprawa

예시 sprawa 30초 만에
설명 sprawa in your Level:
At the A1 level, you should learn 'sprawa' as a word that means 'thing' or 'matter' when you want to talk about something. It is most commonly used in the phrase 'Nie ma sprawy', which means 'No problem' or 'You're welcome'. You might also hear 'Co to za sprawa?' meaning 'What is this about?'. At this stage, focus on the nominative form 'sprawa' and the common accusative form 'sprawę' used after verbs like 'mieć' (to have). It is a feminine noun, so it goes with 'moja', 'twoja', 'ta'. It helps you describe simple situations without needing complex vocabulary. It is a very useful word for basic social interactions.
무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기
At the A2 level, you begin to use 'sprawa' for more specific purposes, such as handling errands or tasks. You will learn the phrase 'załatwić sprawę' (to settle/handle a matter), which is essential for daily life in Poland. You will also use it to express that something is or isn't your business: 'To nie moja sprawa'. You start to see it in the locative case 'w tej sprawie' (in this matter) when asking for information or clarifying a point. You should also be aware of the genitive plural 'spraw' when talking about having many things to do: 'Mam dużo spraw'. This level focuses on practical, everyday utility.
At the B1 level, 'sprawa' becomes a tool for professional and administrative communication. You use it in formal emails: 'Piszę w sprawie...' (I am writing regarding...). You understand the difference between a 'sprawa' (a neutral matter) and a 'problem' (a negative issue). You also begin to encounter 'sprawa' in the context of legal or official proceedings, such as 'sprawa w sądzie' (a court case). You can describe more complex situations using adjectives like 'skomplikowana' (complicated), 'pilna' (urgent), or 'poufna' (confidential). Your ability to use 'sprawa' in different cases (genitive, dative, instrumental) should be more consistent.
무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기
At the B2 level, you use 'sprawa' to discuss abstract concepts, social issues, and political matters. You might talk about 'sprawa publiczna' (public matter) or 'sprawa narodowa' (national cause). You are familiar with more idiomatic expressions like 'postawić sprawę jasno' (to put the matter clearly) or 'mieć sprawę do kogoś' (to have business with someone). You can follow news reports about 'sprawy zagraniczne' (foreign affairs) or 'sprawy wewnętrzne' (internal affairs). You understand the nuance of using 'sprawa' to refer to a whole situation or scandal ('cała ta sprawa'). Your vocabulary includes synonyms like 'kwestia' or 'zagadnienie' and you know when to use them instead of 'sprawa'.
무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기
At the C1 level, you appreciate the historical and philosophical weight of 'sprawa'. You understand references to 'Sprawa polska' in historical texts and can discuss the 'ethics of the matter' (etyka sprawy). You use the word in sophisticated rhetorical structures, such as 'sprawa sprowadza się do...' (the matter boils down to...). You are comfortable with legal jargon involving 'sprawa', such as 'akta sprawy' (case files) or 'strony sprawy' (parties to the case). You can use 'sprawa' to handle delicate social situations with high precision, using it to distance yourself or emphasize a point. Your usage is indistinguishable from a native speaker's in terms of register and collocation.
무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기
At the C2 level, 'sprawa' is a versatile tool for nuanced expression in literature, high-level law, and philosophy. You can analyze the use of 'sprawa' in Polish romantic literature, where it often represents a sacred duty or mission. You understand the most obscure idioms and can create your own metaphors using the word. In professional legal or academic writing, you use 'sprawa' and its derivatives with absolute precision. You can navigate the most complex bureaucratic systems by knowing exactly which 'sprawa' to reference and how to frame it. The word is no longer just a vocabulary item but a conceptual category through which you can interpret Polish culture and society.
무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기
예시

sprawa 30초 만에

  • A versatile noun meaning 'matter', 'case', 'issue', or 'business'.
  • Feminine gender; essential for both casual and formal Polish.
  • Used in many common idioms like 'Nie ma sprawy' (No problem).
  • Distinguish from 'rzecz' (physical thing) and 'pytanie' (question).
The Polish noun sprawa is a linguistic Swiss Army knife, functioning as a fundamental building block for both everyday conversation and formal documentation. At its core, it translates to 'matter', 'case', 'issue', or 'affair'. However, its utility extends far beyond these simple English equivalents. In a casual setting, if someone says 'Mam do ciebie sprawę', they are signaling that they have something specific to discuss or a favor to ask. It bridges the gap between a vague 'thing' and a specific 'topic'. In more formal or professional contexts, sprawa transitions into the realm of administration and law. It refers to a legal case (sprawa sądowa), an administrative file, or a project at work. Understanding this word is crucial because it appears in almost every domain of Polish life, from the post office to the courtroom, and from a coffee shop chat to a political debate.
Semantic Range
The word covers abstract concepts like 'the Polish cause' (sprawa polska) as well as concrete tasks like 'settling a matter' (załatwić sprawę). It is inherently feminine and follows the standard declension for nouns ending in -a.

To jest bardzo ważna sprawa dla naszej rodziny.

Contextual Usage
In the workplace, you might hear 'Jak stoi ta sprawa?' meaning 'What is the status of that project/issue?'. In a family setting, a parent might say 'To nie twoja sprawa' to a child, meaning 'It's none of your business'.

Muszę iść do urzędu, żeby załatwić jedną sprawę.

Nuance
Unlike 'rzecz' (thing), which is usually physical, 'sprawa' is almost always abstract or situational. You can touch a 'rzecz', but you deal with a 'sprawa'.

To nie jest prosta sprawa, musimy to przemyśleć.

Jego sprawa w sądzie została odroczona.

To sprawa honoru.

Historically, the word has also carried the weight of national struggle, as seen in the phrase 'Sprawa polska' (The Polish Question/Cause) during the partitions of Poland. This demonstrates how the word can scale from a minor personal errand to a grand historical movement. In contemporary Polish, it remains one of the top 500 most frequently used words, essential for anyone aiming for fluency.
Using sprawa correctly requires an understanding of its declension and the verbs it typically pairs with. As a feminine noun ending in 'a', it follows a predictable pattern but changes significantly in the accusative and genitive cases, which are the most common in daily use. For example, when you want to 'handle a matter', you use the verb załatwić with the accusative form: załatwić sprawę. If you are talking about the 'details of the matter', you use the genitive: szczegóły sprawy.
Common Verb Pairings
Verbs like 'wyjaśnić' (to clarify), 'omówić' (to discuss), and 'rozwiązać' (to solve) are frequently used with 'sprawa'.

Musimy wyjaśnić tę sprawę raz na zawsze.

Prepositional Use
The preposition 'w' (in) is often used with the locative case: 'w tej sprawie' (in this matter/regarding this issue).

Co masz do powiedzenia w tej sprawie?

To nie jest moja sprawa, więc nie będę się wtrącać.

Plural Usage
In the plural, 'sprawy' often means 'affairs' or 'business'. For example, 'sprawy zagraniczne' (foreign affairs).

Mam dzisiaj wiele spraw do załatwienia na mieście.

Policja bada tę sprawę od miesiąca.

To sprawa drugorzędna, skupmy się na priorytetach.

In sentence construction, 'sprawa' often acts as a placeholder for a more complex idea. Instead of describing a whole sequence of events, a speaker might simply refer to it as 'ta sprawa' (this matter) once the context has been established. This makes it an efficient tool for maintaining flow in conversation. It is also used in many idiomatic expressions where it loses its literal meaning of 'case' and becomes a marker of certainty or necessity, such as 'jasna sprawa' (it's clear/obvious).
You will encounter sprawa in almost every corner of Polish life. In the media, news anchors frequently begin segments with 'W sprawie...' followed by the latest development in a political scandal or a new law. In the workplace, 'sprawa' is the default term for any task or issue that needs attention. During a meeting, a manager might ask, 'Kto zajmuje się sprawą klienta X?' (Who is handling client X's matter?). In educational settings, a teacher might say 'To ważna sprawa, proszę o uwagę' (This is an important matter, please pay attention).
In the Office
It is used to categorize emails, documents, and discussions. 'Sprawa pilna' (Urgent matter) is a common subject line.

Czy możesz przesłać mi dokumenty w tej sprawie?

In Public Institutions
When visiting a government office (urząd), you will be asked 'W jakiej sprawie pan/pani przychodzi?' (On what matter are you coming?).

Przyszedłem w sprawie wyrobienia paszportu.

To była najtrudniejsza sprawa w mojej karierze detektywa.

Daily Life
Friends use it to set up meetings. 'Mam do ciebie sprawę, możemy się spotkać?' (I have a matter for you, can we meet?).

Nie martw się, to drobna sprawa.

Cała sprawa wyszła na jaw wczoraj rano.

To sprawa dla profesjonalisty.

In literature and high-level discourse, 'sprawa' can represent an ideal or a movement. 'Walczyć o słuszną sprawę' means 'to fight for a righteous cause'. This versatility—from the mundane errand to the existential fight for justice—is what makes 'sprawa' such a powerful and omnipresent word in the Polish language.
For English speakers, the primary challenge with sprawa is distinguishing it from other words that translate as 'thing' or 'matter'. The most frequent error is using 'rzecz' when 'sprawa' is required. While 'rzecz' refers to a physical object (like a chair or a book), 'sprawa' refers to a situation or a topic. You cannot 'handle' a physical object in the same way you 'handle a matter' (załatwić sprawę). Another common mistake is confusing 'sprawa' with 'pytanie' (question). In English, we might say 'I have a question for you' when we actually mean 'I have a matter to discuss'. In Polish, using 'pytanie' implies a request for information, while 'sprawa' implies a topic for discussion or a task.
Sprawa vs. Rzecz
Incorrect: 'To jest ważna rzecz do zrobienia' (for a complex task). Correct: 'To jest ważna sprawa do załatwienia'.

To nie jest twoja sprawa (Correct for 'none of your business').

Sprawa vs. Problem
While often interchangeable, 'problem' has a negative connotation, whereas 'sprawa' is neutral. A 'sprawa' can be good, bad, or neutral.

Nie ma sprawy! (No problem! / Don't mention it!).

Mamy małą sprawę do omówienia.

Prepositional Errors
Using 'o sprawie' instead of 'w sprawie' can sound unnatural depending on the verb. 'Rozmawiamy o sprawie' (We talk about the matter) is okay, but 'Piszę w sprawie' (I am writing regarding/in the matter of) is the standard formal opening.

Piszę do Państwa w sprawie mojej rezerwacji.

To była bardzo dziwna sprawa.

Czy ta sprawa jest już zamknięta?

Finally, learners often forget the genitive plural 'spraw'. If you have 'many matters', it is 'wiele spraw', not 'wiele sprawy'. Mastering these subtle distinctions will prevent you from sounding like you're translating literally from English and help you sound more like a native speaker who understands the abstract nature of Polish nouns.
While sprawa is incredibly versatile, Polish offers several alternatives that can provide more precision depending on the context. Understanding these synonyms helps you avoid repetition and adds nuance to your speech.
Kwestia
Often used in intellectual or formal discussions. 'To kwestia czasu' (It's a matter of time). It sounds slightly more sophisticated than 'sprawa'.

To jest kwestia sporna.

Zagadnienie
Used primarily in academic or technical contexts. It refers to a 'subject' or 'problem' being studied.

Dzisiaj omówimy zagadnienie fotosyntezy.

Mamy poważny problem do rozwiązania.

Interes
In older Polish or specific business contexts, 'interes' can mean 'matter' or 'business deal'. 'Robić interesy' means doing business.

Mam do pana pewien interes.

Zmieńmy temat, to zbyt smutne.

To sprawa honoru, a nie pieniędzy.

Jaka jest twoja opinia w tej sprawie?

When comparing these, remember that 'sprawa' remains the most versatile. 'Kwestia' is more abstract, 'zagadnienie' more formal/academic, and 'interes' more commercial. By choosing the right word, you signal your level of education and your familiarity with different social registers in Poland. However, when in doubt, 'sprawa' is almost never wrong.
무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

수준별 예문

1

To moja sprawa.

This is my matter/business.

Nominative singular feminine.

2

Nie ma sprawy!

No problem!

Genitive case used in negation.

3

Co to za sprawa?

What is this matter about?

Used with 'co to za' to ask for clarification.

4

To jest dobra sprawa.

This is a good thing/matter.

Adjective 'dobra' agrees with feminine 'sprawa'.

5

Mam sprawę.

I have a matter (to discuss).

Accusative case 'sprawę' after 'mam'.

6

To nie jest twoja sprawa.

This is not your business.

Negative sentence with possessive pronoun.

7

Jaka sprawa?

Which matter?

Interrogative pronoun 'jaka' matches feminine gender.

8

Dziękuję za tę sprawę.

Thank you for this matter.

Accusative after preposition 'za'.

1

Muszę załatwić tę sprawę dzisiaj.

I have to handle this matter today.

Verb 'załatwić' requires the accusative.

2

To bardzo ważna sprawa.

This is a very important matter.

Intensifier 'bardzo' with adjective.

3

Mam wiele spraw do zrobienia.

I have many matters to do.

Genitive plural 'spraw' after 'wiele'.

4

Rozmawiamy o tej sprawie.

We are talking about this matter.

Locative case 'sprawie' after 'o'.

5

To nie moja sprawa, co on robi.

It's not my business what he does.

Common idiom for lack of involvement.

6

Czy to pilna sprawa?

Is it an urgent matter?

Adjective 'pilna' meaning urgent.

7

Wróćmy do tej sprawy później.

Let's come back to this matter later.

Prepositional phrase in locative.

8

To jest prosta sprawa.

This is a simple matter.

Adjective 'prosta' for simplicity.

1

Piszę do pana w sprawie pracy.

I am writing to you regarding the job.

Formal prepositional phrase 'w sprawie'.

2

Musimy wyjaśnić tę sprawę do końca.

We must clarify this matter to the end.

Perfective verb 'wyjaśnić'.

3

To skomplikowana sprawa prawna.

This is a complicated legal matter.

Multiple adjectives modifying the noun.

4

Nie chcę się mieszać w twoje sprawy.

I don't want to interfere in your affairs.

Accusative plural 'sprawy' after 'mieszać się w'.

5

Czy znasz szczegóły tej sprawy?

Do you know the details of this matter?

Genitive singular 'sprawy' showing possession.

6

On ma sprawę w sądzie w przyszłym tygodniu.

He has a court case next week.

Noun used in legal context.

7

To sprawa życia i śmierci.

It's a matter of life and death.

Fixed idiomatic expression.

8

Zajmę się tą sprawą osobiście.

I will handle this matter personally.

Instrumental case 'sprawą' after 'zająć się'.

1

Postawmy sprawę jasno: nie mamy pieniędzy.

Let's put the matter clearly: we have no money.

Idiomatic use of 'postawić sprawę'.

2

Ministerstwo Spraw Zagranicznych wydało oświadczenie.

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued a statement.

Plural genitive in a formal title.

3

To była sprawa czysto polityczna.

It was a purely political matter.

Adverb 'czysto' modifying the adjective-noun phrase.

4

Cała sprawa wyszła na jaw dzięki dziennikarzom.

The whole matter came to light thanks to journalists.

Idiom 'wyjść na jaw'.

5

Nie możemy bagatelizować tej sprawy.

We cannot downplay this matter.

Verb 'bagatelizować' with genitive due to negation.

6

To sprawa honoru dla naszej rodziny.

It's a matter of honor for our family.

Abstract usage of 'sprawa'.

7

Przejdźmy do kolejnej sprawy w agendzie.

Let's move to the next item/matter on the agenda.

Dative case 'sprawy' after 'do'.

8

Jego sprawa karna ciągnie się od lat.

His criminal case has been dragging on for years.

Adjective 'karna' (criminal).

1

Sprawa sprowadza się do braku zaufania.

The matter boils down to a lack of trust.

Reflexive verb 'sprowadzać się' used metaphorically.

2

Analizujemy akta sprawy od kilku godzin.

We have been analyzing the case files for several hours.

Genitive singular in a professional context.

3

To sprawa najwyższej wagi państwowej.

This is a matter of the highest state importance.

Superlative adjective 'najwyższej'.

4

Należy rozważyć tę sprawę w szerszym kontekście.

One should consider this matter in a broader context.

Impersonal construction 'należy'.

5

Sprawa polska była kluczowa w XIX wieku.

The Polish cause was crucial in the 19th century.

Historical/Political term 'Sprawa polska'.

6

On potrafi postawić sprawę na ostrzu noża.

He can bring the matter to a head (on a knife's edge).

Advanced idiom for extreme situations.

7

W tej sprawie nie ma miejsca na kompromis.

In this matter, there is no room for compromise.

Locative phrase with negation.

8

Sprawa ta budzi wiele kontrowersji w społeczeństwie.

This matter arouses much controversy in society.

Formal word order with demonstrative 'ta' after noun.

1

Etyczny wymiar tej sprawy jest niezwykle złożony.

The ethical dimension of this matter is extremely complex.

Academic register.

2

Sprawa oparła się o Sąd Najwyższy.

The case reached the Supreme Court.

Idiomatic 'oprzeć się o' meaning to reach a high level.

3

To sprawa sumienia, której nie można zignorować.

It's a matter of conscience that cannot be ignored.

Relative clause with 'której'.

4

Doszło do przedawnienia sprawy.

The statute of limitations for the case has expired.

Legal term 'przedawnienie'.

5

W literaturze sprawa ta bywa różnie interpretowana.

In literature, this matter is interpreted in various ways.

Passive voice 'bywa interpretowana'.

6

Sprawa owa stała się zarzewiem konfliktu.

That matter became the spark of the conflict.

Archaic/Formal demonstrative 'owa'.

7

Nie sposób pominąć milczeniem tej sprawy.

It is impossible to pass over this matter in silence.

Advanced impersonal construction 'nie sposób'.

8

Sprawa ta stanowi precedens w polskim prawie.

This case constitutes a precedent in Polish law.

Formal verb 'stanowi'.

자주 쓰는 조합

załatwić sprawę
ważna sprawa
trudna sprawa
sprawa sądowa
sprawa karna
sprawa honoru
pilna sprawa
w tej sprawie
poufna sprawa
cała sprawa

자주 쓰는 구문

Nie ma sprawy

— It means 'No problem' or 'Don't mention it'. Used as a response to 'Thank you'.

- Dziękuję za pomoc. - Nie ma sprawy!

To nie moja sprawa

— It means 'It's none of my business'. Used to show lack of involvement.

Rób co chcesz, to nie moja sprawa.

Mam do ciebie sprawę

— It means 'I have something to talk to you about'. Usually precedes a request.

Cześć, mam do ciebie sprawę, pożyczysz mi auto?

W czym sprawa?

— It means 'What's the matter?' or 'What's going on?'.

Widzę, że się kłócicie. W czym sprawa?

Jasna sprawa

— It means 'Clear matter' or 'Of course/Obviously'.

- Przyjdziesz jutro? - Jasna sprawa!

O co chodzi w tej sprawie?

— It means 'What is this case/issue about?'.

Przeczytałem artykuł

무료 가입하고 모든 예문 보기

관련 콘텐츠

도움이 되었나요?

댓글 (0)

로그인하여 댓글 달기
아직 댓글이 없습니다. 첫 번째로 생각을 공유하세요!