许可 30초 만에
- Formal noun for official permission or authorization.
- Commonly used in legal, business, and administrative contexts.
- Often paired with '证' (zhèng) to mean a physical permit.
- More formal and institutional than the general word '允许'.
The term 许可 (xǔkě) functions as both a noun and a verb in Chinese, though its role as a noun is particularly prominent in formal, legal, and administrative contexts. At its core, it represents the concept of 'official permission' or 'authorization.' When used as a noun, it often refers to the formal grant of right to perform an action, or the document that proves such a right exists. It is the bridge between a desire to act and the legal or social legitimacy required to carry out that action.
- Etymological Root
- The character 许 (xǔ) historically relates to promising, praising, or allowing, while 可 (kě) denotes possibility or 'may.' Together, they form a compound that implies 'that which is promised to be possible' or 'that which is granted as allowable.'
- Administrative Scope
- In modern China, 许可 is the standard term for government licensing. Whether it is a business license (营业许可) or a permit to build (建设许可), the word carries the weight of state authority.
- Social Nuance
- While '允许' (yǔnxǔ) is more common for personal permission (like a parent allowing a child to go out), 许可 implies a more rigid, often written or systemic approval process.
“没有政府的许可，任何人都不能在这片土地上动工。” (Without government permission, no one can start construction on this land.)
“软件的使用许可协议通常包含很多法律术语。” (Software license agreements usually contain many legal terms.)
“获得出口许可是公司进军国际市场的第一步。” (Obtaining an export permit is the first step for the company to enter the international market.)
“他在没有得到任何许可的情况下进入了禁区。” (He entered the restricted area without obtaining any permission.)
“我们需要书面许可才能引用这段文字。” (We need written permission to quote this text.)
Using 许可 correctly requires understanding its level of formality. Unlike the everyday word '可以' (can) or the general '允许' (allow), 许可 suggests a structured environment—be it legal, corporate, or academic. It is rarely used in casual conversation between friends unless the speaker is being intentionally formal or ironic.
1. The 'Obtain/Apply' Pattern
The most common way to use 许可 as a noun is with verbs of acquisition. You don't just 'get' a 许可; you obtain (获得) it or apply for (申请) it.
- 申请许可 (shēnqǐng xǔkě): To apply for permission/a permit.
- 获得许可 (huòdé xǔkě): To obtain permission.
- 拒绝许可 (jùjué xǔkě): To refuse permission.
2. Compound Nouns (Licenses)
In business and law, 许可 frequently combines with other nouns to specify the type of authorization. This is where the word becomes indispensable for B1-C2 learners.
- 进出口许可
- Import and export license.
- 排污许可
- Pollution discharge permit (environmental law).
- 专利许可
- Patent licensing.
- 软件许可
- Software licensing.
3. The 'Condition' Usage
Sometimes 许可 is used to describe a state where conditions allow for something to happen. For example, '在时间许可的情况下' (If time permits). Here, it acts almost like a nominalized verb within a prepositional phrase.
You will encounter 许可 in specific high-stakes environments. It is a word of the 'public sphere' rather than the 'private sphere.' Understanding these contexts helps you recognize the tone of a situation immediately.
1. News and Media
Journalists use 许可 when reporting on government regulations, international trade, or legal disputes. If a company is fined for operating without a license, the news will say they lacked '经营许可' (business permit).
2. Digital and Tech Environments
Every time you install an app in Chinese, you will see '最终用户许可协议' (End User License Agreement - EULA). In the tech world, 许可 is the standard for 'licensing' intellectual property.
3. Professional Workplaces
In a corporate setting, if you need to access a restricted database or enter a secure floor, the HR or Security department will talk about '访问许可' (access permission). It sounds more professional and authoritative than '让不让进' (letting in or not).
4. Academic and Research
Researchers must obtain '伦理许可' (ethical approval/permission) before conducting experiments on human subjects. In this context, it signifies a rigorous review process.
“In a Chinese airport, if you are carrying restricted items, the customs officer might ask: '你有相关的进境许可吗？' (Do you have the relevant entry permits?)”
Even advanced learners often stumble over the nuance of 许可. Here are the three most frequent errors and how to avoid them.
Mistake 1: Using it for Personal Favors
Learners often say: “你能给我许可去你的房间吗？” (Can you give me permission to go to your room?). This sounds incredibly robotic, as if your friend is a government agency.
Correction: Use 允许 or simply 让. “你能让我进你的房间吗？”
Mistake 2: Confusing '许可' (Noun) and '允许' (Verb)
While both can be verbs, '允许' is almost always used as a verb in daily life. '许可' as a verb is very formal. However, as a noun, '许可' is much more common than '允许' in formal titles.
Tip: If you are naming a document, it's 许可证. If you are describing an action, it's 允许.
Mistake 3: Forgetting the '证' (Zhèng)
When referring to a physical card or paper, learners often just say '许可'.
Correction: Always add '证'. “我的驾驶许可证” (My driving permit - though '驾驶证' is the standard short form, '许可' alone is incomplete for a document).
To master 许可, you must distinguish it from its close cousins. Chinese has a rich vocabulary for 'permission' depending on the hierarchy and formality.
- 允许 (yǔnxǔ)
- The most versatile word for 'allow.' It is used by parents, teachers, and friends. It is less about 'law' and more about 'consent.'
- 批准 (pīzhǔn)
- Means 'to approve' or 'ratify.' This is used when a superior officially signs off on a request (like a vacation request or a budget). 许可 is the *right* granted; 批准 is the *act* of granting it.
- 执照 (zhízhào)
- Specifically refers to a 'license' for a profession or business (e.g., 营业执照 - business license). While 许可 is the general permission, 执照 is the specific legal document for a trade.
- 同意 (tóngyì)
- Simply means 'to agree.' It is the least formal and implies a shared opinion or a simple 'yes' to a proposal.
How Formal Is It?
난이도
알아야 할 문법
Tone sandhi (3-3 to 2-3)
Nominalization with '的'
Formal negation '未经'
Passive structures with '获'
Conditional structures '在...下'
수준별 예문
他需要许可。
He needs permission.
Subject + Verb + Noun.
这里没有许可。
There is no permission here.
Locative + Negation + Noun.
老师给了许可。
The teacher gave permission.
Subject + Verb + Noun.
我没有许可。
I don't have permission.
Basic possession negation.
这是许可吗？
Is this the permission?
Simple question with '吗'.
请给我许可。
Please give me permission.
Imperative with '请'.
爸爸不给许可。
Dad doesn't give permission.
Negative verb phrase.
许可很重要。
Permission is very important.
Noun + Adjective.
没有许可，你不能进去。
Without permission, you cannot go in.
Conditional phrase '没有...不能'.
他在等医生的许可。
He is waiting for the doctor's permission.
Progressive aspect '在等'.
公司需要政府的许可。
The company needs government permission.
Possessive '的' with abstract nouns.
请出示您的许可证。
Please show your permit.
Polite request for a physical document.
我得到了进入的许可。
I got permission to enter.
Resultative '得到'.
这里需要书面许可。
Written permission is needed here.
Attributive '书面' (written).
我们要申请许可。
We need to apply for permission.
Modal verb '要' + action.
你的许可过期了。
Your permission has expired.
Noun + Predicate (expired).
获得许可后，我们可以开始工作。
After obtaining permission, we can start work.
Time clause '...后'.
这种软件需要使用许可。
This kind of software requires a usage license.
Noun compound '使用许可'.
在没有许可的情况下，严禁拍照。
In the absence of permission, photography is strictly prohibited.
Formal structure '在...的情况下'.
我们需要校方的正式许可。
We need formal permission from the school authorities.
Adjective '正式' (formal).
他申请了出口许可。
He applied for an export permit.
Specific noun '出口许可'.
没有父母的许可，学生不能参加活动。
Without parents' permission, students cannot participate in the activity.
Complex subject '父母的许可'.
这份许可是有效的。
This permission is valid.
Stating status '是...的'.
经理给了我口头许可。
The manager gave me verbal permission.
Attributive '口头' (verbal).
该项目已获得行政许可。
The project has obtained administrative permission.
Formal passive-like structure '已获得'.
许可证的有效期为三年。
The validity period of the permit is three years.
Formal definition '...为...'.
在法律许可的范围内进行经营。
Operate within the scope permitted by law.
Abstract spatial phrase '在...范围内'.
软件许可协议通常很长。
Software license agreements are usually very long.
Technical compound noun.
我们需要重新申请排污许可。
We need to re-apply for a discharge permit.
Environmental terminology.
获得许可并非易事。
Obtaining permission is by no means easy.
Formal negation '并非'.
许可权归原作者所有。
The licensing rights belong to the original author.
Legal phrase '归...所有'.
未经许可，不得转载。
No reproduction without permission.
Formal written warning '未经...不得'.
该行为是否构成行政许可仍有争议。
Whether this act constitutes administrative permission is still controversial.
Abstract nominalization '是否构成'.
政府通过许可制度来规范市场。
The government regulates the market through a licensing system.
Instrumental '通过...来...'.
这种强制许可在特殊情况下是必要的。
This kind of compulsory licensing is necessary in special circumstances.
Legal term '强制许可'.
许可费的计算方式非常复杂。
The calculation method for license fees is very complex.
Business term '许可费'.
该协议明确了双方的许可范围。
The agreement clarified the scope of licensing for both parties.
Clarifying boundaries '明确了...范围'.
默许并不等同于正式许可。
Tacit consent is not equivalent to formal permission.
Logical comparison '不等同于'.
许可的撤销必须符合法律程序。
The revocation of a permit must comply with legal procedures.
Legal process '撤销'.
他在许可申请中提供了虚假信息。
He provided false information in the permit application.
Locative '在...中'.
行政许可法的实施旨在优化营商环境。
The implementation of the Administrative Permission Law aims to optimize the business environment.
High-level policy language '旨在'.
许可权力的滥用会导致严重的腐败问题。
The abuse of licensing power can lead to serious corruption issues.
Sociopolitical analysis.
该判决确立了关于专利许可的新原则。
The judgment established new principles regarding patent licensing.
Legal precedent language '确立了...原则'.
许可合同中的免责条款至关重要。
The exculpatory clauses in the license contract are crucial.
Contractual terminology '免责条款'.
全球化背景下的跨境许可面临诸多挑战。
Cross-border licensing in the context of globalization faces many challenges.
Global economic context.
许可制度的透明度是法治社会的标志。
The transparency of the licensing system is a hallmark of a society ruled by law.
Political philosophy.
企业应建立完善的许可管理体系。
Enterprises should establish a sound license management system.
Corporate governance language.
许可收益的分配引发了股东间的矛盾。
The distribution of licensing income triggered conflicts among shareholders.
Financial conflict description.
자주 쓰는 조합
자주 쓰는 구문
자주 혼동되는 단어
允许 is general/personal; 许可 is formal/official.
批准 is the act of approving; 许可 is the permission itself.
认可 is about acceptance/recognition; 许可 is about authorization.
관용어 및 표현
혼동하기 쉬운
문장 패턴
어휘 가족
관련
사용법
The standard term for authorization.
Crucial for contracts.
Rare, use 允许 instead.
- Using 许可 for small favors between friends.
- Saying '我有许可' instead of '我有许可证' when referring to a card.
- Confusing 许可 (permission) with 也许 (maybe).
- Using 许可 as a verb in casual speech.
- Forgetting the '的' in '获得...的许可'.
팁
Noun vs Verb
When in doubt, use 许可 as a noun (permission) and 允许 as a verb (to allow).
Formal Negation
Use '未经许可' (wèi jīng xǔ kě) for 'without permission' in writing.
Bureaucracy
In China, '许可' often involves a red stamp (公章), which is legally vital.
Tone Sandhi
Remember that 'xǔ' changes to a 2nd tone when followed by 'kě'.
Contracts
Always look for the '许可' section in Chinese business contracts.
Software
EULA is translated as 最终用户许可协议.
Synonyms
Group 许可 with 批准 and 授权 in your flashcards.
Precision
Using 许可 shows a high level of Chinese proficiency and professional tone.
Context
If you hear 'xǔkě', expect the conversation to be about rules or laws.
Visual
Visualize a gatekeeper checking a paper before letting you pass.
암기하기
어원
Ancient Chinese compound.
문화적 맥락
Using '许可' instead of '允许' shows you respect the recipient's authority.
Permissions are often called 'Red-headed documents' (红头文件) in high-level politics.
실생활에서 연습하기
실제 사용 상황
대화 시작하기
"你申请到经营许可了吗？"
"我们需要获得谁的许可才能开始？"
"这个软件的许可协议你读了吗？"
"没有许可的话，我们会有麻烦吗？"
"在你们国家，申请驾驶许可难吗？"
일기 주제
描述一次你为了做某事而不得不申请许可的经历。
你认为政府应该在哪些方面加强许可管理？
如果世界上没有任何许可制度，会发生什么？
자주 묻는 질문
10 질문It can be both, but it is most frequently used as a noun in formal contexts meaning 'permission' or 'permit'.
许可 is the abstract permission; 许可证 is the physical document or card that proves you have that permission.
Technically yes, but it sounds very formal. '允许' is much more natural for family situations.
It is '软件许可' or '软件许可证'.
It means 'without permission' and is a very common formal phrase on signs and websites.
Yes, it is used in the same way in both Mainland China and Taiwan.
It refers to 'Administrative Permission,' which is when a government agency allows a citizen or company to do something.
No, that would be '也许' (yěxǔ). Don't confuse the two!
Yes, it typically appears at the HSK 4 or 5 level (B1/B2).
You say '申请许可证' (shēnqǐng xǔkězhèng).
셀프 테스트 180 질문
/ 180 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
Use '许可' when you need to sound professional or are dealing with government, law, or technology. It represents the 'official green light' rather than just a personal favor.
- Formal noun for official permission or authorization.
- Commonly used in legal, business, and administrative contexts.
- Often paired with '证' (zhèng) to mean a physical permit.
- More formal and institutional than the general word '允许'.
Noun vs Verb
When in doubt, use 许可 as a noun (permission) and 允许 as a verb (to allow).
Formal Negation
Use '未经许可' (wèi jīng xǔ kě) for 'without permission' in writing.
Bureaucracy
In China, '许可' often involves a red stamp (公章), which is legally vital.
Tone Sandhi
Remember that 'xǔ' changes to a 2nd tone when followed by 'kě'.
예시
在这一区域钓鱼需要获得许可。
