A1 Pronouns 12 min read Easy

German Accusative Pronouns: me, you, him (mich, dich, ihn)

Accusative pronouns mark the receiver of an action; remember 'mich', 'dich', and the tricky 'ihn' for 'him'.

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use 'mich', 'dich', and 'ihn' when you are the target of an action, not the doer.

  • Use 'mich' for 'me' when you are the object: 'Er sieht mich' (He sees me).
  • Use 'dich' for 'you' (informal) as an object: 'Ich liebe dich' (I love you).
  • Use 'ihn' for 'him' or masculine nouns: 'Ich kenne ihn' (I know him).
Subject + Verb + Object (Accusative)

Overview

German, like English, distinguishes between who is performing an action (the subject) and who is receiving it (the direct object). However, German uses a system of grammatical cases to mark these roles, rather than relying primarily on word order as English does. The Accusative case specifically identifies the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.

Personal pronouns in German change their form to reflect their grammatical case. When a pronoun acts as the direct recipient of an action, it adopts its Accusative form. This is why you say Ich liebe dich (I love you) instead of Ich liebe du, mirroring the English distinction between "I" and "me." Mastering these forms is fundamental for constructing clear, grammatically correct sentences and understanding native German.

How This Grammar Works

In a German sentence, the Accusative case answers the question Wen? (Whom?) or Was? (What?). It functions as the direct target or receiver of the verb's action. Think of a sentence where someone does something to someone or to something.
The person or thing being acted upon directly is the Accusative object.
Consider the sentence Ich sehe den(m) Mann. (I see the man.). Here, Ich is the subject (Nominative), performing the action sehe (see). Den(m) Mann is the direct object, the one being seen.
If you replace den(m) Mann with a pronoun, it must take the Accusative form. Thus, you would say Ich sehe ihn. (I see him.). This case system provides German with a flexibility in word order that English lacks; the meaning remains clear because the case endings indicate roles.
Furthermore, a specific group of German prepositions always requires the noun or pronoun following them to be in the Accusative case. These prepositions, such as für (for) or ohne (without), inherently trigger the Accusative, regardless of the verb in the sentence. For example, in Das ist für mich. (That is for me.), mich is in the Accusative because it follows für.

Formation Pattern

1
German personal pronouns undergo specific changes when they shift from the Nominative (subject) to the Accusative (direct object) case. While some pronouns retain their Nominative form, others change significantly. Recognizing these patterns is key to correct usage. The changes primarily affect the first and second person singular and plural, and the third person masculine singular.
2
Here is a comprehensive table outlining the Nominative and Accusative forms of German personal pronouns:
3
| Nominative (Subject) | Accusative (Direct Object) | English Equivalent |
4
| :------------------- | :------------------------- | :----------------- |
5
| ich | mich | I / me |
6
| du | dich | you / you |
7
| er | ihn | he / him |
8
| sie | sie | she / her |
9
| es | es | it / it |
10
| wir | uns | we / us |
11
| ihr | euch | you (plural) / you (plural) |
12
| sie | sie | they / them |
13
| Sie | Sie | you (formal) / you (formal) |
14
Notice that the pronouns sie (she), es (it), sie (they), and Sie (formal you) do not change their form in the Accusative. The context of the sentence, particularly the verb conjugation, will clarify whether sie refers to "she" or "they." For instance, Sie liebt ihn (She loves him) contrasts with Sie lieben ihn (They love him). The verb liebt (third person singular) indicates "she," while lieben (third person plural) indicates "they."
15
For ich becoming mich, du becoming dich, and er becoming ihn, the change is clear and must be memorized. Similarly, wir transforms into uns, and ihr becomes euch. There are no simple phonetic rules that explain all these transformations; they are fundamental aspects of German declension that require direct learning. Consider er to ihn as the primary change to master in the third person.

When To Use It

The Accusative case, and therefore Accusative pronouns, are triggered by two primary grammatical contexts: when a pronoun functions as the direct object of a verb or when it follows an Accusative preposition.
1. As Direct Objects of Verbs:
Many German verbs are transitive, meaning they require a direct object to complete their meaning. When this direct object is a personal pronoun, it must be in the Accusative form. These verbs inherently describe an action that is performed on or to someone or something.
To identify if a verb takes an Accusative object, ask Wen? (Whom?) or Was? (What?) after the verb. If the answer is a person or thing, that entity is in the Accusative.
Common verbs that typically take an Accusative object include:
  • haben (to have): Ich habe dich gesucht. (I was looking for you.)
  • sehen (to see): Siehst du ihn? (Do you see him?)
  • lieben (to love): Er liebt sie. (He loves her/them.)
  • kaufen (to buy): Ich kaufe es für meinen Vater. (I'm buying it for my father.)
  • fragen (to ask): Wir fragen euch später. (We'll ask you all later.)
  • besuchen (to visit): Wann besuchst du mich? (When are you visiting me?)
  • finden (to find): Ich finde es nicht. (I can't find it.)
  • kennen (to know a person/place): Kennst du ihn? (Do you know him?)
  • brauchen (to need): Ich brauche sie sofort. (I need them/her immediately.)
  • hören (to hear): Hörst du uns? (Do you hear us?)
  • lesen (to read): Er liest es immer noch. (He is still reading it.)
  • schreiben (to write): Ich schreibe ihm eine E-Mail. (Note: ihm is Dative here for the indirect object, but if you write it, es is Accusative. For Accusative only, Sie hat euch eine Nachricht geschickt. (She sent you all a message.))
2. After Accusative Prepositions:
A specific, finite set of German prepositions always govern the Accusative case. This means that any noun or pronoun that follows these prepositions must be in the Accusative form, regardless of the verb used in the sentence. These prepositions act as unyielding case-triggers.
The most common Accusative prepositions are:
  • durch (through): Er geht durch den Park. (He walks through the park.) -> Er geht durch ihn. (He walks through it.)
  • für (for): Dieses Geschenk ist für dich. (This gift is for you.)
  • gegen (against, around): Wir kämpfen gegen ihn. (We fight against him.)
  • ohne (without): Ich kann nicht ohne euch leben. (I cannot live without you all.)
  • um (at, around): Der Termin ist um neun Uhr. (The appointment is at nine o'clock.) -> Wir treffen uns um ihn herum. (We meet around it.) Note: um usually takes a time or a place, less frequently a pronoun as its direct object in A1 contexts.
When you encounter these prepositions, you can be certain that any following personal pronoun will take its Accusative form. This rule is absolute and offers a reliable way to practice and solidify your understanding of Accusative pronouns.

Common Mistakes

Beginners frequently encounter specific challenges when using German Accusative pronouns. These errors often stem from a direct transfer of English grammatical structures or an incomplete understanding of German case functionality. Awareness of these common pitfalls can significantly accelerate your learning process.
  • Confusing Nominative and Accusative Forms: The most prevalent error is using the Nominative pronoun where an Accusative is required. For instance, saying Ich liebe du instead of Ich liebe dich (I love you). English speakers might struggle because while we distinguish "I" from "me," the direct object "you" remains unchanged. German, however, explicitly marks the object for "you" (du becomes dich). Similarly, er (he) becomes ihn (him), wir (we) becomes uns (us), and ihr (you all) becomes euch (you all, object).
  • Incorrect Gender for Inanimate Objects: German nouns have grammatical genders (masculine, feminine, neuter), irrespective of whether the object is animate. Learners often default to es (it) for all inanimate objects. However, if you are replacing a masculine noun (der Stuhl - the chair) acting as a direct object, you must use ihn. For a feminine noun (die Lampe - the lamp), you use sie. For neuter nouns (das Buch - the book), you use es.
  • Correct: Wo ist mein Koffer? Ich brauche ihn. (Where is my suitcase? I need it (him) – because Koffer is masculine.)
  • Incorrect: Wo ist mein Koffer? Ich brauche es.
  • Correct: Hast du die Zeitung? Ich habe sie noch nicht gelesen. (Do you have the newspaper? I haven't read it (her) yet – because Zeitung is feminine.)
  • Neglecting Accusative Prepositions: Forgetting that certain prepositions like für, ohne, durch, gegen, and um always demand the Accusative case is another common mistake. Using a Nominative pronoun after these prepositions will result in a grammatical error.
  • Correct: Das Geschenk ist für mich. (The gift is for me.)
  • Incorrect: Das Geschenk ist für ich.
  • Correct: Wir gehen ohne dich ins Konzert. (We are going to the concert without you.)
  • Incorrect: Wir gehen ohne du ins Konzert.
  • Confusing ihr and euch: While ihr means "you all" as a subject (Ihr kommt morgen? - Are you all coming tomorrow?), euch is the Accusative form for "you all" as an object (Ich sehe euch am Bahnhof. - I'll see you all at the station.). The distinction is critical and often a point of confusion for A1 learners.

Real Conversations

Understanding Accusative pronouns moves beyond theoretical tables when you observe their natural integration into everyday German communication. Here are examples reflecting modern usage, from casual messaging to slightly more formal interactions, demonstrating how speakers intuitively employ these forms for clarity and fluency.

Casual Text Message / Chat:

- Scenario: Friends making plans.

A: Hey, kommst du heute Abend mit ins Kino? (Hey, are you coming to the cinema tonight?)

B: Ja, klar! Wann trefft ihr euch? (Yes, of course! When are you all meeting (yourselves)?)

A: Wir warten auf dich vor dem Eingang. (We'll wait for you in front of the entrance.) Note: auf is a two-way preposition here, taking Accusative for direction.

- Scenario: Checking in with a friend.

A: Wie geht's dir? Ich habe dich lange nicht gesehen. (How are you? I haven't seen you for a long time.)

B: Ganz gut, danke! Ich habe euch auch vermisst! (Quite well, thanks! I missed you all too!)

Workplace / Formal Interaction (Email Snippet):

- Scenario: Informing a colleague.

Sehr geehrte Frau Müller, die Dokumente für Sie sind fertig. (Dear Ms. Müller, the documents for you (formal) are ready.)

Ich schicke sie Ihnen gleich per E-Mail zu. (I'll send them (the documents, feminine plural) to you (formal, Dative) by email shortly.) Note the plural sie referring to die Dokumente and Dative Ihnen for the indirect object.

Social Media / Casual Dialogue:

- Scenario: Commenting on a photo.

A: Schönes Foto! Wer ist das neben dir? (Nice photo! Who is that next to you?) Note: neben is a two-way preposition here, taking Dative for location.

B: Das ist meine Freundin. Kennst du sie nicht? (That's my girlfriend. Don't you know her?)

- Scenario: Talking about a recent experience.

A: Die Präsentation war super! Der Professor hat uns viel Lob gegeben. (The presentation was great! The professor gave us a lot of praise.) Note: uns is Dative here as indirect object.

B: Das ist toll! Ich bin stolz auf euch! (That's great! I'm proud of you all!) Note: auf here takes Accusative for emotions/reactions.

These examples illustrate that Accusative pronouns are not just for direct subject-verb-object structures but are also critical after specific prepositions in various communicative contexts. The subtle changes ensure precision in who is doing what to whom, regardless of conversational flow or medium.

Quick FAQ

Q: Do sie (she/her) and sie (they/them) always look the same in Accusative? How do I tell the difference?

Yes, sie remains unchanged in the Accusative for both "she" and "they." You differentiate between them by the verb's conjugation. For example, Er kennt sie (singular) means "He knows her" (verb kennt is singular). Er kennt sie (plural) means "He knows them" (verb kennt is also singular, so this context needs to be established, e.g., Er kennt sie (die Freunde)). However, if the subject is Sie (formal you), the verb ending would be -en (Sie kennen mich). When sie is the subject, Sie liebt ihn (She loves him) vs. Sie lieben ihn (They love him). The verb form is your primary indicator.

Q: How do I know if a verb takes an Accusative object? Are there rules?

There aren't universal, simple rules to predict a verb's case requirement. The best approach is to learn which case a verb governs as part of its vocabulary entry. Many dictionaries and grammar resources will indicate if a verb takes an Accusative (vt. for transitive verb) or other cases. In practice, if an action directly impacts something or someone, it is highly likely to take the Accusative case. Asking Wen? (Whom?) or Was? (What?) after the verb is the most reliable way to check.

Q: Can Accusative pronouns come before the verb in a sentence?

Yes, absolutely. In German, pronouns generally prefer to appear as early as possible in a sentence, often even before the finite verb, especially if they are short and less emphasized. This is part of the TeKaMoLo rule (Temporal, Kausal, Modal, Lokal) for adverbial order, but pronouns often jump to the beginning of the sentence if not emphasized. For example, Ich habe ihn gestern gesehen. (I saw him yesterday.) versus Gestern habe ich ihn gesehen. (Yesterday I saw him.). The pronoun ihn remains in the Accusative case, indicating its role, regardless of its position.

Q: What about objects for inanimate things? Do I use es for all "it"s?

No. This is a crucial distinction from English. In German, you must use the pronoun that matches the grammatical gender of the noun you are replacing, even for inanimate objects. So, if you're talking about der Tisch (the table), and it's the direct object, you use ihn (Ich sehe ihn. - I see it/him). If it's die Tür (the door), you use sie (Ich öffne sie. - I open it/her). Only for das Fenster (the window) would you use es (Ich schließe es. - I close it.). Always remember the gender of the noun when choosing the pronoun.

Accusative Pronoun Table

Subject (Nominative) Object (Accusative) English
ich
mich
me
du
dich
you (informal)
er
ihn
him
sie
sie
her
es
es
it
wir
uns
us
ihr
euch
you (plural)
sie/Sie
sie/Sie
them/you (formal)

Meanings

These pronouns replace nouns that are receiving the action of a verb in the accusative case.

1

Direct Object

The person or thing being acted upon.

“Er ruft mich an.”

“Ich verstehe dich nicht.”

2

Accusative Prepositions

Used after specific prepositions like 'für' or 'ohne'.

“Das ist für mich.”

“Ohne dich gehe ich nicht.”

Reference Table

Reference table for German Accusative Pronouns: me, you, him (mich, dich, ihn)
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Subj + Verb + Acc
Ich sehe ihn.
Negative
Subj + Verb + nicht + Acc
Ich sehe ihn nicht.
Question
Verb + Subj + Acc?
Siehst du ihn?
Preposition
Prep + Acc
Für mich.
Inverted
Acc + Verb + Subj
Mich sieht er.
Short Answer
Acc Pronoun
Mich!

Formality Spectrum

Formal
Ich liebe Sie.

Ich liebe Sie. (Romantic/Affectionate)

Neutral
Ich liebe dich.

Ich liebe dich. (Romantic/Affectionate)

Informal
Hab dich lieb.

Hab dich lieb. (Romantic/Affectionate)

Slang
Ich feier dich.

Ich feier dich. (Romantic/Affectionate)

The Accusative Flow

Action

Doer

  • Ich I

Receiver

  • mich me

Examples by Level

1

Er sieht mich.

He sees me.

2

Ich liebe dich.

I love you.

3

Ich kenne ihn.

I know him.

4

Hast du ihn?

Do you have it (him)?

1

Das Geschenk ist für mich.

The gift is for me.

2

Ohne dich gehe ich nicht.

I won't go without you.

3

Ich sehe ihn durch das Fenster.

I see him through the window.

4

Er sucht mich überall.

He is looking for me everywhere.

1

Ich glaube, dass er mich versteht.

I believe that he understands me.

2

Den Mann, den ich liebe, kenne ich gut.

The man whom I love, I know well.

3

Warum rufst du ihn nicht an?

Why don't you call him?

4

Er hat mich gestern besucht.

He visited me yesterday.

1

Mich hat er nicht gefragt.

He didn't ask me.

2

Obwohl er mich kennt, grüßt er nicht.

Although he knows me, he doesn't greet me.

3

Ich wünschte, ich könnte dich öfter sehen.

I wish I could see you more often.

4

Er hat ihn dazu überredet.

He persuaded him to do it.

1

Dich habe ich schon lange nicht mehr gesehen.

I haven't seen you in a long time.

2

Es ist wichtig, ihn rechtzeitig zu informieren.

It is important to inform him in time.

3

Mich dünkt, er hat dich belogen.

It seems to me he lied to you.

4

Man sollte ihn nicht unterschätzen.

One should not underestimate him.

1

Ihn zu treffen, war mir eine Freude.

Meeting him was a pleasure.

2

Mich schaudert es, wenn ich ihn sehe.

I shudder when I see him.

3

Dich trifft keine Schuld.

You are not to blame.

4

Er hat ihn des Diebstahls bezichtigt.

He accused him of theft.

Easily Confused

German Accusative Pronouns: me, you, him (mich, dich, ihn) vs Nominative vs Accusative

Learners swap the subject and object.

German Accusative Pronouns: me, you, him (mich, dich, ihn) vs Accusative vs Dative

Some verbs take Dative, not Accusative.

German Accusative Pronouns: me, you, him (mich, dich, ihn) vs Sie (she) vs Sie (them/formal)

The word 'sie' looks the same.

Common Mistakes

Ich liebe du.

Ich liebe dich.

Direct object must be accusative.

Er sieht er.

Er sieht ihn.

Masculine object pronoun is 'ihn'.

Das ist für ich.

Das ist für mich.

Prepositions trigger accusative.

Ich habe er.

Ich habe ihn.

Accusative required for direct objects.

Er ruft ich an.

Er ruft mich an.

Separable verbs still take accusative objects.

Ich sehe der Hund.

Ich sehe den Hund.

Accusative article is 'den'.

Ohne er gehe ich nicht.

Ohne ihn gehe ich nicht.

Preposition 'ohne' requires accusative.

Das ist der Mann, der ich liebe.

Das ist der Mann, den ich liebe.

Relative pronoun must be accusative.

Ich weiß, dass er du mag.

Ich weiß, dass er dich mag.

Accusative in subordinate clause.

Er hat mich gefragt, ob ich ihn kenne.

Er hat mich gefragt, ob ich ihn kenne.

Correct usage, but often learners mix cases.

Mich ist es egal.

Mir ist es egal.

Dative vs Accusative confusion.

Er hat ihn geholfen.

Er hat ihm geholfen.

Some verbs take dative.

Dich zu sehen ist schön.

Dich zu sehen ist schön.

Correct usage.

Sentence Patterns

Ich sehe ___.

Das ist für ___.

___ rufst du an?

Ich kenne ___ nicht.

Real World Usage

Texting constant

Ich vermisse dich!

Job Interview common

Sie können mich jederzeit anrufen.

Ordering Food common

Ich nehme ihn.

Social Media very common

Folgt mir!

Travel occasional

Können Sie mich verstehen?

Emergency occasional

Helfen Sie mir!

💡

Check the verb

Most verbs take the accusative. If you are unsure, guess accusative.
⚠️

Don't mix cases

If you use a dative verb, don't use accusative pronouns.
🎯

Focus on 'mich'

It's the most common one. Master it first.
💬

Formality matters

Always use 'Sie' for strangers.

Smart Tips

Ask: Is this the person receiving the action?

Ich sehe er. Ich sehe ihn.

Check if the preposition is accusative.

Für er. Für ihn.

Always check your pronouns.

Er liebt du. Er liebt dich.

Slow down and think about the case.

Ich kenne er. Ich kenne ihn.

Pronunciation

/mɪç/ /dɪç/

Vowel length

The 'i' in 'mich' and 'dich' is short.

Like the 'h' in 'huge'.

The 'ch' sound

The 'ch' is a soft 'ich-laut'.

Statement

Ich sehe dich. ↘

Falling intonation for facts.

Question

Siehst du mich? ↗

Rising intonation for yes/no questions.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Remember: 'Ich' is the 'I' that acts, 'mich' is the 'me' that gets hit by the action.

Visual Association

Imagine a ball being thrown. The person throwing is 'Ich'. The ball hitting 'me' is 'mich'.

Rhyme

If the action hits you, don't be a 'du', use 'dich' instead, it's true!

Story

Hans is looking for his friend. He shouts 'Ich suche dich!' (I am looking for you). His friend hides behind a tree. Hans sees him and says 'Ich sehe ihn!' (I see him).

Word Web

michdichihnsieesunseuch

Challenge

Write 5 sentences about your friends using 'mich', 'dich', and 'ihn' today.

Cultural Notes

Using 'dich' is very intimate. Don't use it with strangers.

Similar to Germany, but 'du' is used more quickly in rural areas.

The 'ch' sound is often stronger.

German cases come from Proto-Indo-European.

Conversation Starters

Wen liebst du?

Siehst du mich?

Kennst du ihn?

Hast du ihn gesehen?

Journal Prompts

Describe your best friend.
Write about a person you admire.
Describe a time you helped someone.
Reflect on a past relationship.

Common Mistakes

Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct

Test Yourself

Fill in the blank.

Ich liebe ___ (you).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: dich
Direct object requires accusative.
Choose the correct pronoun. Multiple Choice

Er sieht ___ (me).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: mich
Direct object is accusative.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Ich kenne er.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ich kenne ihn.
Masculine object is 'ihn'.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

Arrange the words in the correct order:

All words placed

Click words above to build the sentence

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Er sieht mich.
Standard SVO order.
Translate to German. Translation

I see him.

Answer starts with: Ich...

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ich sehe ihn.
Accusative case.
Match the pronouns. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ich -> mich
Case matching.
Fill in the blank.

Das ist für ___ (him).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ihn
Preposition 'für' takes accusative.
Choose the correct pronoun. Multiple Choice

Ruf ___ (me) an!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: mich
Direct object.

Score: /8

Practice Exercises

8 exercises
Fill in the blank.

Ich liebe ___ (you).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: dich
Direct object requires accusative.
Choose the correct pronoun. Multiple Choice

Er sieht ___ (me).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: mich
Direct object is accusative.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Ich kenne er.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ich kenne ihn.
Masculine object is 'ihn'.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

sieht / mich / er

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Er sieht mich.
Standard SVO order.
Translate to German. Translation

I see him.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ich sehe ihn.
Accusative case.
Match the pronouns. Match Pairs

I -> me

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ich -> mich
Case matching.
Fill in the blank.

Das ist für ___ (him).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ihn
Preposition 'für' takes accusative.
Choose the correct pronoun. Multiple Choice

Ruf ___ (me) an!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: mich
Direct object.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
Fill in the blank. Fill in the Blank

Das ist für ___ (you, informal).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: dich
Put the words in the correct order. Sentence Reorder

liebe / dich / Ich

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Both are possible
Translate to German. Translation

I see him.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ich sehe ihn.
Match the Nominative to its Accusative partner. Match Pairs

Match them up:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ich - mich
Choose the correct pronoun for 'you all'. Multiple Choice

Ich höre ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: euch
Fill in the blank. Fill in the Blank

Wir besuchen ___ (them) im Krankenhaus.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: sie
Fix the error. Error Correction

Ich brauche er.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ich brauche ihn.
Translate: 'It is for her.' Translation

It is for her.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Es ist für sie.
Which one uses the correct preposition form? Multiple Choice

Gehst du ohne ___?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: mich
Reorder the sentence. Sentence Reorder

besucht / Er / uns

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Both are correct.

Score: /10

FAQ (8)

German uses different endings. 'Mich' is the accusative form of 'ich'.

Use 'dich' when the person is the direct object of the verb.

No, it's for any masculine noun.

People will understand, but it sounds incorrect.

Yes, Nominative, Dative, and Genitive.

Yes, 'für' is an accusative preposition.

Write sentences and use flashcards.

It takes practice, but it's very logical.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish high

me, te, lo

Spanish uses clitics that often attach to verbs.

French high

me, te, le

French word order is strictly SVO.

English moderate

me, you, him

German applies this to articles and adjectives too.

Japanese low

watashi o

Japanese pronouns don't change form.

Arabic moderate

ni, ka, hu

Arabic is a Semitic language with different roots.

Chinese none

wǒ, nǐ, tā

Word order is the only indicator of objecthood.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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