Persian Grammar Hub

Understand Persian Grammar Faster

Browse the grammar system by level and category, then open clear explanations with practical examples.

193 Total Rules
40 Chapters
6 CEFR level
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Understand Persian Grammar Faster

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Active filters: CEFR level: A1
A1 Script & Writing Verified

The Persian Alphabet (Consonants & Vowels)

Persian letters change shape depending on where they sit in a word, and short vowels are usually invisible.

  • • Persian is written Right-to-Left (RTL).
  • • Letters connect like cursive handwriting.
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A1 Script & Writing Verified

Connecting Persian Letters: The Cursive Flow

Persian is a mandatory cursive script where letters change shape depending on their position and connections.

  • • Persian letters must connect to each other natural...
  • • Most letters have 4 forms: Isolated, Initial, Medi...
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A1 Script & Writing Verified

Persian Numbers 0-10 (yek, do, seh)

Use **Number + tâ + Singular Noun** for counting anything in spoken Persian.

  • • Numbers go BEFORE the noun.
  • • The noun always stays SINGULAR.
12 examples 1 exercises 1 FAQ
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A1 Script & Writing Verified

Persian Numbers 11-100: Counting Made Easy

Connect tens and units with the 'o' sound (و) to count any number from 21 to 99.

  • • Numbers 11-19 end in -dah and are unique words wit...
  • • Tens (20, 30, etc.) are distinct words like 'bist'...
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A1 Nouns & Pronouns Verified

Persian Personal Pronouns: I, You, He/She (man, to, u)

Persian pronouns are gender-blind and often optional, relying on politeness levels and verb endings for clear meaning.

  • • Persian has zero gender—one word for he, she, and...
  • • Persian is pro-drop, so you often leave pronouns o...
12 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A1 Nouns & Pronouns Verified

Possessive Suffixes: My, Your, His (-am, -at, -aš)

To show possession in Persian, just attach a simple suffix to the noun instead of using a separate word.

  • • Add a suffix directly to a noun to show possession...
  • • Use `-am`, `-at`, `-aš` for singular and `-emân`,...
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A1 Nouns & Pronouns Verified

Plural Nouns with -hā (-hā)

Simply attach `-ها` to the end of any noun to pluralize it, but keep nouns singular after numbers.

  • • Add `-ها` (-hā) to make almost any Persian noun pl...
  • • Works for people, animals, objects, and abstract i...
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A1 Nouns & Pronouns Verified

Demonstrative Pronouns: This/That (`این`/`آن`)

Use `این` (in) for what's near and `آن` (ān) for what's far; it's the simplest way to point things out in Persian.

  • • `این` (in) means 'this' for things that are close.
  • • `آن` (ān) means 'that' for things that are far.
11 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A1 Nouns & Pronouns Verified

Persian Days of the Week (Shanbe to Jome)

Master the numbers 1-5 and the word 'Shanbe' to name almost every day in the Persian week.

  • • Persian weeks start on Saturday, which is the base...
  • • Days 1-5 (Sunday-Thursday) use number prefixes: Ye...
10 examples 1 exercises 1 FAQ
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A1 Nouns & Pronouns Verified

Persian Family Vocabulary: From 'Maman' to 'Amu'

To talk about family naturally, add possessive suffixes like `-am` (my) directly to specific family nouns like `برادرم` (my brother).

  • • Persian vocabulary is specific for paternal (dad's...
  • • Use informal words like `بابا` (dad) and `مامان` (...
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A1 Verb System Verified

The Verb 'To Be' (Hastan): I am, You are...

In Persian, the verb 'to be' (hastan) always comes last and changes its ending to match the subject.

  • • Verb goes at the end of the sentence.
  • • Endings change based on who (I, you, we).
12 examples 1 exercises 1 FAQ
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A1 Verb System Verified

Persian Present Verb Endings: I do, You do (-am, -i, -ad)

Master the six personal verb endings (-am, -i, -ad, -im, -id, -and) to speak in the present tense without needing subject pronouns.

  • • Present verbs follow a strict formula: mi- + stem...
  • • The ending tells you who is doing the action.
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A1 Verb System Verified

Persian Simple Past: Regular Verbs (-am, -i, -)

To form the Persian past tense, add personal endings to the infinitive stem (infinitive minus -an).

  • • Drop the -an from the infinitive to find the past...
  • • The 3rd person singular (he/she/it) has no persona...
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A1 Verb System Verified

Past Tense 'To Be' (budan)

Use `bud` + personal endings to say "was" or "were"; remember he/she (`u`) takes no ending.

  • • Stem is always `bud` (بود).
  • • Add endings: `-am`, `-i`, (none), `-im`, `-id`, `-...
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A1 Verb System Verified

Persian Present Tense: I go, you go (mi-)

Combine the prefix 'mi-', the present stem, and a personal ending to talk about now, habits, or the future.

  • • Use prefix `می-` (mi-) for all present tense actio...
  • • Persian uses one tense for 'I go' and 'I am going'...
10 examples 3 exercises 20 FAQ
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A1 Verb System Verified

Persian Simple Past: I Did, He Went (-am, -i, -)

To speak in the past, drop the 'an' from any verb and add your personal ending.

  • • Remove 'an' from the infinitive to find the past s...
  • • Add personal suffixes (-am, -i, -im, -id, -and) to...
10 examples 3 exercises 20 FAQ
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A1 Sentence Structure Verified

The Invisible Glue: Linking Words with Ezafe (-e)

The Ezafe is the spoken '-e' or '-ye' suffix that links nouns to adjectives (noun-first order!) or possessors.

  • • Connects nouns to descriptions or owners.
  • • Pronounced '-e' after consonants.
11 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A1 Sentence Structure Verified

Saying "There is": The verb Hast (هست)

Use `hast` at the end of a sentence to say something exists, and `nist` to say it doesn't.

  • • Use `hast` for "there is" and "there are".
  • • Use `nist` for "there isn't" and "there aren't".
12 examples 1 exercises 1 FAQ
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A1 Sentence Structure Verified

Saying No in Persian: Negative Verbs (نـ, نمیـ)

To make any Persian verb negative, simply attach the prefix 'na-' or 'ne-' to its very beginning.

  • • Add the prefix نـ (na/ne) to the start of the verb...
  • • In present tense, the prefix becomes نمیـ (nemi-).
10 examples 3 exercises 18 FAQ
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A1 Sentence Structure Verified

Telling Time in Persian: What Time Is It? (ساعت چند است؟)

Telling time in Persian follows a logical 'Hour + Connector + Minutes' structure using cardinal numbers and specific terms for halves and quarters.

  • • Start every time sentence with the word `ساعت` (sa...
  • • Use cardinal numbers (1, 2, 3) for both hours and...
10 examples 3 exercises 18 FAQ
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A1 Sentence Structure Verified

The Ra Marker: Tagging Specific Objects (را)

Use `ra` to 'tag' specific objects so your listener knows exactly which thing you are acting upon.

  • • The `ra` marker identifies specific direct objects...
  • • It follows the noun or its last adjective immediat...
10 examples 3 exercises 18 FAQ
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A1 Ezafe Construct Verified

The Persian 'e' Connector (Ezafe)

The Ezafe is the essential vocal 'glue' that links Persian nouns to their descriptions and owners.

  • • The Ezafe is a short '-e' or '-ye' sound connectin...
  • • It shows possession (Ali's book) and links adjecti...
10 examples 3 exercises 18 FAQ
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A1 Questions & Negation Verified

Persian Question Words: Who (Ki) & What (Chi)

Don't move the question word to the front; replace the noun with `Ki` or `Chi` and keep the verb at the end.

  • • Ki (کی) = Who / Chi (چی) = What
  • • Spoken forms: Ki + ast = Kiye / Chi + ast = Chiye
12 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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Why Learn Persian Grammar?

Grammar is the foundation of language fluency. Without understanding grammar patterns, you can memorize vocabulary but struggle to form correct sentences. Here's why structured grammar study matters:

Build Accurate Sentences

Move beyond memorized phrases. Understand the rules so you can create original, correct sentences in any situation.

Pass Language Exams

Grammar is tested in every major language exam — IELTS, DELE, DELF, JLPT, HSK, TOPIK, and more. Our CEFR-aligned curriculum maps directly to exam requirements.

Understand Native Speakers

Knowing grammar helps you parse complex sentences, understand nuance, and follow conversations even when speakers use advanced constructions.

Progress Faster

Students who study grammar systematically reach fluency faster than those who rely on immersion alone. Structure accelerates learning.

How Our Persian Grammar Course Works

1

Choose Your Level

Start with your CEFR level — from A0 Zero Point to C2 Mastery. Not sure? Begin at A0 and progress at your own pace.

2

Study Structured Chapters

Each chapter covers a grammar topic with clear explanations, pattern tables, and real-world example sentences.

3

Practice with Exercises

Test your understanding with interactive exercises — fill-in-the-blank, multiple choice, sentence building, and translation practice.

4

Track & Progress

Your progress is saved automatically. Complete chapters, unlock new levels, and watch your grammar mastery grow.

Frequently Asked Questions About Persian Grammar

SubLearn covers 193 Persian grammar rules organized across 6 CEFR proficiency levels (from A1 to C2), spanning 40 structured chapters. Each rule includes clear explanations, real-world examples, and interactive practice exercises.

Our Persian grammar curriculum covers CEFR levels from A1 to C2. Each level is designed to match your current proficiency — beginners start with basic sentence patterns at A1, while advanced learners tackle nuanced structures at C1-C2.

Yes! All Persian grammar rules, explanations, and examples are completely free to access. You can browse the full curriculum, read detailed explanations, and practice with exercises at no cost.

Grammar is organized into 40 thematic chapters following the CEFR framework. Each chapter groups related rules together — for example, verb tenses, sentence structure, or particles — so you can learn related concepts in a logical sequence.

Yes! Create a free account to track which grammar rules you've studied, see your progress across all CEFR levels, and pick up exactly where you left off. Your learning progress syncs across devices.

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