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B2 noun 8 min read

فرضیه صفر

farziyeh-ye sefr
Examples Notes & Tips فرضیه صفر in 30 Seconds
Explanation فرضیه صفر in your Level:
At the A1 level, you don't need to know the complex math behind this word. Just think of 'فرضیه صفر' (Farziye-ye Sefr) as a special name for 'Hypothesis Zero.' 'فرضیه' means a guess or an idea, and 'صفر' means zero. In science, people start with a 'Zero Idea' which says 'nothing is happening.' It's like saying 'I think there is 0 difference.' You might hear this in a very basic science class. Just remember: Sefr = 0, Farziye = Idea. It's a formal way to say 'the starting guess.' You won't use this when buying bread, but you might see it in a school book. It is a big word for a simple starting point: 'No change.'
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At the A2 level, you can start to recognize 'فرضیه صفر' in academic contexts. It is a compound noun. 'فرضیه' (Hypothesis) is the noun, and 'صفر' (Zero) describes it. In a simple experiment, if you want to see if water makes plants grow faster, your 'فرضیه صفر' is 'Water does not change how plants grow.' It is a very formal term. You use it when you talk about 'testing' (آزمایش). You can say 'این فرضیه صفر است' (This is the null hypothesis). It's important to know that this word is for serious study, not for talking with friends. It helps you understand that science starts with the idea that 'nothing is different' until we prove it.
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At the B1 level, you should be able to use 'فرضیه صفر' in a sentence about research. You are likely learning how to describe processes. You can say 'ما باید فرضیه صفر را بررسی کنیم' (We must investigate the null hypothesis). You understand that this is a technical term in statistics. You also start to see how it connects to other words like 'آمار' (statistics) and 'نتایج' (results). You are moving beyond just knowing the meaning to understanding its role: it is the thing we try to 'reject' (رد کردن). If you are a student, you might need to write this in a simple lab report. It's a key word for anyone interested in science or university life in Iran.
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At the B2 level, you are expected to use 'فرضیه صفر' fluently in academic discussions. You understand the logical framework: we assume the null hypothesis is true and look for evidence to the contrary. You should be able to use verbs like 'رد کردن' (reject) and 'تدوین کردن' (formulate) with it. You also know that 'فرضیه صفر' is always paired with 'فرضیه جایگزین' (alternative hypothesis). At this level, you can explain that if the 'p-value' is low, we reject the 'فرضیه صفر'. Your vocabulary is now sophisticated enough to handle the 'ezafe' construction perfectly and use the term in a formal presentation or a detailed research summary without hesitation.
At the C1 level, 'فرضیه صفر' is a tool for nuanced academic argument. You can discuss the implications of failing to reject the null hypothesis and the differences between 'فرضیه صفر' and 'فرضیه پوچ'. You are comfortable using it in passive constructions like 'فرضیه صفر ابطال شد' (The null hypothesis was falsified). You can analyze research papers and critique how the 'فرضیه صفر' was defined. You understand the philosophical underpinnings of why we use a 'zero' hypothesis instead of trying to prove a positive one. Your use of the term is indistinguishable from a native Persian-speaking academic, and you can handle complex statistical debates in Persian.
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At the C2 level, you have a masterly command of 'فرضیه صفر' and its theoretical context. You can discuss the history of the term in Persian academic translation, its relationship to Popperian falsificationism, and its role in Bayesian vs. Frequentist debates—all in Persian. You can write high-level scholarly articles where the 'فرضیه صفر' is treated with all its statistical complexity, including discussions of power, effect size, and Type I/II errors (خطای نوع اول و دوم). You use the term with precision, elegance, and a deep understanding of its logical necessity in the scientific method. You can even use it metaphorically in sophisticated literary or philosophical critiques.
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Examples Notes & Tips

فرضیه صفر in 30 Seconds

  • The default statistical assumption that no effect or relationship exists.
  • Known in Persian as 'Farziye-ye Sefr', crucial for academic research.
  • Researchers aim to 'reject' this hypothesis to prove their own findings.
  • Pairs with the 'Alternative Hypothesis' to form the basis of scientific testing.

The term فرضیه صفر (Farziye-ye Sefr) is the Persian equivalent of the 'Null Hypothesis.' In the realm of statistics and scientific methodology, it serves as the foundational assumption that there is no relationship between two measured phenomena or no association among groups. When researchers embark on an experiment, they don't start by trying to prove their new theory is right; instead, they start with the فرضیه صفر, which posits that any observed effect is merely due to chance. It is the 'default' position that remains until evidence is strong enough to overturn it. This concept is central to the Persian academic community, particularly in fields like psychology, medicine, engineering, and social sciences. When a student in Tehran writes their Master's thesis (پایان‌نامه), they must explicitly state their فرضیه صفر before conducting any t-tests or ANOVAs. The beauty of this term lies in its logical rigor: you aren't seeking 'truth' in an absolute sense; you are seeking to see if the 'null' or 'zero' state can be rejected based on the data collected.

Scientific Context
In Persian scientific literature, the null hypothesis is often denoted as H0. It represents the status quo. For example, if testing a new drug, the فرضیه صفر would be that the drug has no effect compared to a placebo.

در این پژوهش، فرضیه صفر بیان می‌کند که تفاوت معناداری بین دو گروه وجود ندارد.

Translation: In this research, the null hypothesis states that there is no significant difference between the two groups.

The word فرضیه comes from the root 'Farz' (assumption/supposition), and صفر is the Persian word for zero. Together, they create a precise technical term. People use this word in formal academic settings, during defense sessions (جلسه دفاع), and in statistical software manuals translated into Persian. It is rarely used in casual conversation unless one is making a joke about the lack of evidence for a friend's claim. Understanding this term is crucial for anyone looking to navigate Persian-language academic journals or research papers. It is the anchor of the frequentist statistical approach used throughout Iran's higher education system.

Symbolism
The 'Zero' in the name signifies the absence of an effect. It is the baseline against which the 'Alternative Hypothesis' (فرضیه جایگزین) is measured.

اگر مقدار p کمتر از ۰.۰۵ باشد، ما فرضیه صفر را رد می‌کنیم.

Using فرضیه صفر correctly requires a grasp of Persian academic syntax. Usually, the term appears as the subject of a sentence describing a research setup, or as the object of a statistical action. In Persian, we don't just 'have' a null hypothesis; we 'formulate' it (تدوین کردن), 'test' it (آزمودن), and ultimately 'reject' it (رد کردن). The sentence structure often follows a formal pattern where the hypothesis is stated first, followed by the logical condition. For instance, 'The null hypothesis was rejected at a 95% confidence level' becomes 'فرضیه صفر در سطح اطمینان ۹۵ درصد رد شد'. This passive construction is very common in Persian scientific writing to maintain objectivity.

Common Verbs
رد کردن (to reject), تایید نکردن (to not confirm), آزمون کردن (to test), تدوین کردن (to formulate), ابطال کردن (to falsify).

محقق نتوانست فرضیه صفر را با داده‌های موجود رد کند.

Translation: The researcher could not reject the null hypothesis with the available data.

When writing about فرضیه صفر, researchers often use the subjunctive mood or formal past tenses. For example, 'If the null hypothesis were true...' translates to 'اگر فرضیه صفر درست باشد...'. It is also important to note that in Persian, the word 'صفر' is used as an adjective modifying 'فرضیه', which is why the 'ezafe' link is mandatory. In more advanced statistical discussions, you might encounter terms like 'خطای نوع اول' (Type I error) which occurs when we wrongly reject the فرضیه صفر. Using these terms together shows a high level of linguistic and technical proficiency in Persian.

گام اول در هر آزمون آماری، تعریف دقیق فرضیه صفر است.

Sentence Pattern
[Subject/Context] + [فرضیه صفر] + [Verb: رد کردن/آزمودن]. Example: ما باید فرضیه صفر را بیازماییم (We must test the null hypothesis).

You will encounter فرضیه صفر primarily in environments dedicated to higher learning and evidence-based decision-making. If you walk into a classroom at the University of Tehran or Sharif University of Technology during a Statistics (آمار) or Research Methodology (روش تحقیق) lecture, you will hear this term repeatedly. Professors use it to explain the logic of discovery. It is the bread and butter of quantitative research in Iran. Beyond the classroom, it is a staple in scientific seminars, webinars, and conferences where researchers present their findings. When a presenter says, 'فرضیه صفر ما رد شد' (Our null hypothesis was rejected), the audience immediately understands that a significant discovery or correlation has been found.

Academic Journals
Search for 'فصلنامه علمی-پژوهشی' (Scientific-Research Quarterly) in Persian, and you will find the term in the 'Methodology' section of almost every quantitative paper.

در پایان‌نامه خود، حتماً فرضیه صفر و فرضیه جایگزین را به وضوح بنویسید.

Translation: In your thesis, make sure to write the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis clearly.

In the corporate world, particularly in data science and market research firms in Iran, فرضیه صفر is used when conducting A/B testing for marketing campaigns. A data analyst might tell their manager, 'فرضیه صفر مبنی بر عدم تفاوت بین دو نسخه تبلیغ رد نشد' (The null hypothesis regarding the lack of difference between the two ad versions was not rejected). This indicates that the new ad isn't performing significantly better than the old one. Even in medical trials for local vaccines or treatments, Iranian scientists discuss the فرضیه صفر to ensure the safety and efficacy of their products are statistically sound. It is a term of precision, authority, and scientific integrity.

Software Usage
When using SPSS or R in a Persian-speaking environment, help guides and local tutorials will always use 'فرضیه صفر' to explain p-values.

One of the most common mistakes learners make when using فرضیه صفر is a conceptual one that translates into linguistic error: saying they 'proved' the null hypothesis. In Persian, as in English, you cannot 'اثبات کردن' (prove) the null hypothesis; you can only 'fail to reject' it. Using the verb 'اثبات' with فرضیه صفر is a major red flag in an academic defense. Instead, you should use 'عدم رد' (non-rejection). Another common mistake is forgetting the 'ezafe' sound between 'Farziye' and 'Sefr'. Some beginners might say 'Farziye Sefr' without the linking 'ye' sound, which makes it sound disjointed and ungrammatical.

Incorrect vs. Correct
Incorrect: ما فرضیه صفر را ثابت کردیم (We proved the null hypothesis).
Correct: ما در رد فرضیه صفر ناتوان بودیم (We were unable to reject the null hypothesis).

اشتباه رایج: پذیرفتن فرضیه صفر به جای رد نکردن آن.

Translation: Common mistake: Accepting the null hypothesis instead of not rejecting it.

Linguistically, students sometimes confuse فرضیه (hypothesis) with نظریه (theory). While a theory is a broad explanatory framework, a فرضیه صفر is a specific, testable statement. Calling it 'نظریه صفر' is incorrect. Furthermore, some might confuse 'صفر' (zero) with 'پوچ' (null/void). While 'فرضیه پوچ' is technically a valid synonym, فرضیه صفر is the standard term used in 90% of Iranian textbooks. Using 'پوچ' might sound slightly dated or overly literary in a modern statistical context. Lastly, pay attention to the word order; the adjective 'صفر' must follow the noun 'فرضیه'.

Type I and II Errors
Confusing 'خطای نوع اول' (rejecting a true H0) with 'خطای نوع دوم' (failing to reject a false H0) is a frequent conceptual error during exams.

To truly master the vocabulary of Persian research, you must understand the words that surround فرضیه صفر. The most immediate counterpart is فرضیه جایگزین (Alternative Hypothesis), often denoted as H1. While the null hypothesis states 'no effect,' the alternative hypothesis states 'there is an effect.' In some contexts, you might hear فرضیه تحقیق (Research Hypothesis), which is usually synonymous with the alternative hypothesis. Understanding the relationship between these terms is key to explaining any scientific experiment in Persian.

Comparison: Zero vs. Alternative
فرضیه صفر: عدم وجود رابطه (Absence of relationship).
فرضیه جایگزین: وجود رابطه (Presence of relationship).

تقابل بین فرضیه صفر و فرضیه جایگزین اساس استنباط آماری است.

Translation: The contrast between the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis is the basis of statistical inference.

Another related term is فرض آماری (Statistical Assumption/Hypothesis), which is a broader category that includes both the null and alternative. If you are reading older texts, you might encounter فرضیه تهی. 'Tohi' also means empty or null, but it has largely been replaced by 'Sefr' in modern curricula. In logic, you might hear اصل امتناع (Principle of Refusal), but that is more philosophical. For everyday science, stick to فرضیه صفر. Knowing these alternatives helps you read a wider variety of sources and understand different professors' terminological preferences.

Related Terms
سطح معناداری (Significance level), مقدار پی (P-value), فاصله اطمینان (Confidence interval).

How Formal Is It?

Fun Fact

The word 'Sefr' is actually the ancestor of the English word 'Cipher' and 'Zero'. So, in a way, you are using the same root twice when you translate it back to English!

Pronunciation Guide

UK /fæɾziːje-je sefɾ/
US /fæɹziːje-je sefɹ/
The primary stress is on the last syllable of 'Farziye' and the only syllable of 'Sefr'.
Rhymes With
کفر (Kofr - Blasphemy) حفر (Hafr - Digging) فجر (Fajr - Dawn) صبر (Sabr - Patience) ابر (Abr - Cloud) جبر (Jabr - Algebra/Force) قهر (Ghar - Anger) نهر (Nahr - River)
Common Errors
  • Pronouncing it as 'Farziye Sefr' without the linking ezafe.
  • Mispronouncing 'Sefr' as 'Safar' (which means travel).
  • Stressing the first syllable of 'Farziye'.
  • Swallowing the 'r' at the end of 'Sefr'.
  • Confusing the 'f' and 'v' sounds in 'Farziye'.

Difficulty Rating

Reading 7/5

Requires knowledge of academic Persian vocabulary.

Writing 8/5

Constructing formal academic sentences is challenging.

Speaking 6/5

Pronunciation is easy, but context usage is high-level.

Listening 7/5

Academic lectures can be fast and dense.

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

فرضیه صفر آمار تحقیق رد کردن

Learn Next

فرضیه جایگزین سطح معناداری خطای نوع اول توزیع نرمال نمونه‌گیری

Advanced

ابطال‌پذیری استنباط آماری تحلیل واریانس رگرسیون ضریب همبستگی
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Examples by Level

1

این یک فرضیه صفر است.

This is a null hypothesis.

Simple subject-predicate sentence.

2

فرضیه صفر یعنی هیچ.

Null hypothesis means nothing.

Using 'yani' to define a term.

3

آیا فرضیه صفر درست است؟

Is the null hypothesis correct?

Simple question form.

4

من فرضیه صفر را می‌خوانم.

I am reading the null hypothesis.

Present continuous sense.

5

کتاب درباره فرضیه صفر است.

The book is about the null hypothesis.

Preposition 'darbareh' (about).

6

ما فرضیه صفر داریم.

We have a null hypothesis.

Using the verb 'dashtan' (to have).

7

فرضیه صفر مهم است.

The null hypothesis is important.

Adjective 'mohem' (important).

8

نام آن فرضیه صفر است.

Its name is null hypothesis.

Possessive 'an' (its).

1

فرضیه صفر می‌گوید تفاوت وجود ندارد.

The null hypothesis says there is no difference.

Using 'goftan' (to say) for a statement.

2

او فرضیه صفر را در دفتر نوشت.

He wrote the null hypothesis in the notebook.

Simple past tense.

3

ما باید فرضیه صفر را بدانیم.

We must know the null hypothesis.

Modal verb 'bayad' (must).

4

فرضیه صفر در درس آمار است.

The null hypothesis is in the statistics lesson.

Locative 'dar' (in).

5

این فرضیه صفر خیلی ساده است.

This null hypothesis is very simple.

Adverb 'kheyli' (very).

6

آن‌ها فرضیه صفر را تغییر دادند.

They changed the null hypothesis.

Compound verb 'taghyir dadan'.

7

فرضیه صفر برای آزمایش لازم است.

The null hypothesis is necessary for the experiment.

Adjective 'lazem' (necessary).

8

من فرضیه صفر را قبول ندارم.

I don't accept the null hypothesis.

Negative present tense.

1

قبل از شروع تحقیق، فرضیه صفر را مشخص کنید.

Before starting the research, specify the null hypothesis.

Imperative mood.

2

فرضیه صفر معمولاً بر عدم رابطه تاکید دارد.

The null hypothesis usually emphasizes the lack of relationship.

Adverb 'ma'moolan' (usually).

3

اگر فرضیه صفر رد شود، فرضیه جایگزین پذیرفته می‌شود.

If the null hypothesis is rejected, the alternative is accepted.

Conditional sentence Type 1.

4

استاد درباره اهمیت فرضیه صفر صحبت کرد.

The professor spoke about the importance of the null hypothesis.

Prepositional phrase 'darbareh-ye'.

5

آیا می‌توانید فرضیه صفر این پژوهش را توضیح دهید؟

Can you explain the null hypothesis of this research?

Polite question with 'tavanestan'.

6

فرضیه صفر به ما کمک می‌کند تا دقیق‌تر باشیم.

The null hypothesis helps us to be more precise.

Subjunctive 'bashim'.

7

در این مقاله، فرضیه صفر به درستی تعریف شده است.

In this article, the null hypothesis is correctly defined.

Passive present perfect.

8

ما فرضیه صفر را بر اساس داده‌ها آزمودیم.

We tested the null hypothesis based on the data.

Simple past with compound verb.

1

رد فرضیه صفر به معنای اثبات قطعی فرضیه جایگزین نیست.

Rejecting the null hypothesis does not mean definitive proof of the alternative hypothesis.

Gerund-like use of 'rad' (rejection).

2

در بسیاری از مطالعات، فرضیه صفر به عنوان فرض پیش‌فرض در نظر گرفته می‌شود.

In many studies, the null hypothesis is considered the default assumption.

Passive construction 'dar nazar gerefteh mishavad'.

3

تحلیلگران باید مراقب خطای نوع اول در رد فرضیه صفر باشند.

Analysts must be careful of Type I error in rejecting the null hypothesis.

Compound noun 'khata-ye no-e avval'.

4

فرضیه صفر نشان‌دهنده وضعیت موجود یا عدم تغییر است.

The null hypothesis represents the status quo or lack of change.

Present participle 'neshan-dahandeh'.

5

برای آزمون فرضیه صفر، از آزمون تی‌تست استفاده کردیم.

To test the null hypothesis, we used the t-test.

Infinitive for purpose 'baraye azmoon'.

6

نتایج آماری نشان داد که فرضیه صفر نمی‌تواند رد شود.

Statistical results showed that the null hypothesis cannot be rejected.

Modal passive 'nemitavanad rad shavad'.

7

عدم رد فرضیه صفر لزوماً به معنای درست بودن آن نیست.

Failure to reject the null hypothesis does not necessarily mean it is true.

Adverb 'lozuman' (necessarily).

8

ساختار فرضیه صفر باید به گونه‌ای باشد که قابل ابطال باشد.

The structure of the null hypothesis must be such that it is falsifiable.

Subjunctive 'bashad' for requirement.

1

فلسفه فرضیه صفر بر پایه ابطال‌پذیری پوپر بنا شده است.

The philosophy of the null hypothesis is built upon Popper's falsifiability.

Complex noun phrase with ezafe.

2

پژوهشگر با استفاده از سطوح معناداری، به نقد فرضیه صفر پرداخت.

The researcher proceeded to critique the null hypothesis using significance levels.

Auxiliary verb 'pardakhtan' for starting an action.

3

در پارادایم‌های جدید، گاهی فرضیه صفر به چالش کشیده می‌شود.

In new paradigms, the null hypothesis is sometimes challenged.

Idiomatic 'be chalesh keshideh shodan'.

4

بررسی دقیق فرضیه صفر مستلزم درک عمیق از احتمالات است.

A careful examination of the null hypothesis requires a deep understanding of probabilities.

Verb 'mustalzem budan' (to require).

5

قدرت آزمون آماری رابطه مستقیمی با احتمال رد فرضیه صفر غلط دارد.

The power of a statistical test is directly related to the probability of rejecting a false null hypothesis.

Relative clause structure.

6

ویژگی اصلی فرضیه صفر این است که به صورت خنثی بیان می‌شود.

The main characteristic of the null hypothesis is that it is stated neutrally.

Adverbial phrase 'be soorat-e khonsa'.

7

چنانچه شواهد کافی نباشد، فرضیه صفر به قوت خود باقی می‌ماند.

If there is insufficient evidence, the null hypothesis remains in force.

Formal conjunction 'chenancheh'.

8

تمایز بین فرضیه صفر و فرضیه علمی در این بخش تبیین شده است.

The distinction between the null hypothesis and the scientific hypothesis is explained in this section.

Passive 'tabyin shodeh ast'.

1

بحران تکرارپذیری در علم، ضرورت بازنگری در نحوه برخورد با فرضیه صفر را دوچندان کرده است.

The replication crisis in science has doubled the necessity of revising how we handle the null hypothesis.

Complex subject with 'dochandan kardan'.

2

تقلیل‌گرایی در استفاده از فرضیه صفر می‌تواند به نتایج گمراه‌کننده منجر شود.

Reductionism in the use of the null hypothesis can lead to misleading results.

Abstract noun 'taghlil-garaei'.

3

رویکرد بیزی در مقابل آزمون‌های سنتی فرضیه صفر، افق‌های جدیدی گشوده است.

The Bayesian approach, in contrast to traditional null hypothesis tests, has opened new horizons.

Prepositional phrase 'dar moghabel-e'.

4

واکاوی معرفت‌شناختی فرضیه صفر نشان‌دهنده محدودیت‌های استقرا است.

The epistemological analysis of the null hypothesis reveals the limitations of induction.

Technical term 'vakavi-ye marefat-shenakhti'.

5

عدم قطعیت ذاتی در رد فرضیه صفر، جوهر اصلی تفکر آماری است.

The inherent uncertainty in rejecting the null hypothesis is the core essence of statistical thinking.

Noun phrase 'adam-e ghat'iyat-e zati'.

6

نویسنده بر این باور است که فرضیه صفر نباید به عنوان تنها معیار حقیقت در نظر گرفته شود.

The author believes that the null hypothesis should not be considered the sole criterion of truth.

Subjunctive passive 'dar nazar gerefteh nashavad'.

7

پیچیدگی‌های ریاضیاتی در پسِ فرضیه صفر، اغلب در آموزش‌های مقدماتی نادیده گرفته می‌شوند.

The mathematical complexities behind the null hypothesis are often overlooked in introductory education.

Passive 'nadideh gerefteh mishavand'.

8

تبلور منطق صوری در قالب فرضیه صفر، یکی از دستاوردهای بزرگ آمار مدرن است.

The crystallization of formal logic in the form of the null hypothesis is one of the great achievements of modern statistics.

Metaphorical use of 'taballor' (crystallization).

Common Collocations

رد فرضیه صفر
آزمون فرضیه صفر
تدوین فرضیه صفر
پذیرش فرضیه صفر
فرضیه صفر و جایگزین
خطای رد فرضیه صفر
فرضیه صفر آماری
مبنای فرضیه صفر
ابطال فرضیه صفر
فرضیه صفر یک‌دامنه

Common Phrases

بر اساس فرضیه صفر

— Starting from the assumption of the null hypothesis.

بر اساس فرضیه صفر، هیچ تغییری نباید رخ دهد.

در تایید فرضیه صفر

— In support of the null hypothesis (though usually 'failure to reject' is better).

شواهد در تایید فرضیه صفر بودند.

مخالف فرضیه صفر

— Contrary to the null hypothesis.

نتایج ما مخالف فرضیه صفر بود.

تعریف فرضیه صفر

— The definition of the null hypothesis.

تعریف فرضیه صفر اولین گام پروپوزال است.

نقض فرضیه صفر

— Violation or rejection of the null hypothesis.

داده‌ها باعث نقض فرضیه صفر شدند.

با فرض صفر

— Assuming the null (often in math).

با فرض صفر، میانگین‌ها برابر هستند.

شکست در رد فرضیه صفر

— Failing to reject the null hypothesis.

این مطالعه منجر به شکست در رد فرضیه صفر شد.

فرضیه صفر ساده

— A simple null hypothesis (specific parameter).

ما یک فرضیه صفر ساده را در نظر گرفتیم.

فرضیه صفر مرکب

— A composite null hypothesis.

فرضیه صفر مرکب شامل چندین مقدار است.

اعتبار فرضیه صفر

— The validity of the null hypothesis.

اعتبار فرضیه صفر زیر سوال رفت.

Idioms & Expressions

"روی فرضیه صفر ایستادن"

— To stick to the default position despite some doubt.

او هنوز روی فرضیه صفر ایستاده است.

Metaphorical
"فرضیه صفر را به توپ بستن"

— To heavily attack or try very hard to disprove the default assumption.

منتقدان فرضیه صفر او را به توپ بستند.

Informal/Slangy
"از صفر شروع کردن"

— To start from scratch (related to the 'zero' aspect).

باید از فرضیه صفر شروع کنیم.

General
"فرضیه صفر را قورت دادن"

— To fully accept the null without question.

او فرضیه صفر را قورت داده و تحقیق نمی‌کند.

Informal
"دیوار فرضیه صفر"

— The barrier of having to prove something significant.

ما پشت دیوار فرضیه صفر مانده‌ایم.

Literary
"سنگر فرضیه صفر"

— Using the null hypothesis as a defensive position.

او در سنگر فرضیه صفر پناه گرفته است.

Journalistic
"فرضیه صفر مرده"

— A null hypothesis that has been clearly and repeatedly rejected.

این فرضیه صفر دیگر مرده است.

Informal
"شلیک به فرضیه صفر"

— Attempting to disprove the null hypothesis.

اولین شلیک به فرضیه صفر با این آزمایش انجام شد.

Metaphorical
"فرضیه صفر طلایی"

— A very standard, widely accepted null hypothesis.

این فرضیه صفر طلایی در فیزیک است.

Academic Jargon
"قفل شدن روی فرضیه صفر"

— Being unable to move past the initial assumption.

ذهن او روی فرضیه صفر قفل شده است.

Informal

Word Family

Nouns

فرض (Assumption)
فرضیه (Hypothesis)
مفروض (Given/Assumption)
صفر (Zero)

Verbs

فرض کردن (To assume)
فرضیه‌سازی کردن (To hypothesize)

Adjectives

فرضی (Hypothetical)
مفروضه (Assumed)
صفری (Zero-related)

Related

آمار
تحقیق
آزمون
معناداری
متغیر
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Memorize It

Mnemonic

Imagine a scientist holding a giant '0' (Sefr) and saying 'I have zero (Sefr) ideas (Farziye) about this change yet!'

Visual Association

Visualize a balance scale that is perfectly flat. On one side is 'H0' and on the other is a '0'. This represents the equilibrium of the null hypothesis.

Word Web

Statistics Research Math Zero Hypothesis Reject P-value Science

Challenge

Try to write a sentence about a simple daily habit (like drinking coffee) and state the 'فرضیه صفر' for its effect on your sleep in Persian.

Word Origin

The term is a calque (loan translation) from the English 'Null Hypothesis'. 'Farziyeh' comes from the Arabic root F-R-D (to suppose/impose), and 'Sefr' is the Arabic word for zero, which entered Persian centuries ago.

Original meaning: A hypothesis of zero effect.

Persian (Indo-European) with heavy Arabic (Semitic) vocabulary influence in technical registers.

Cultural Context

No specific sensitivities; this is a neutral technical term.

The concept is identical to Western statistics, as Iran follows the international scientific standard.

Statistical textbooks by Dr. Adel Azar SPSS Persian manuals University of Tehran methodology lectures

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

University Thesis Defense

  • فرضیه صفر من این بود که...
  • داده‌ها فرضیه صفر را رد کردند.
  • چرا فرضیه صفر را اینگونه نوشتید؟
  • ارتباط فرضیه صفر با هدف تحقیق چیست؟

Statistics Class

  • مقدار پی برای فرضیه صفر چقدر است؟
  • فرضیه صفر را بنویسید.
  • جدول آزمون فرضیه صفر.
  • توزیع تحت فرضیه صفر.

Scientific Article Reading

  • در بخش روش‌شناسی، فرضیه صفر آمده است.
  • نویسنده فرضیه صفر را نپذیرفت.
  • نقد فرضیه صفر.
  • شواهد علیه فرضیه صفر.

Data Analysis Meeting

  • فرضیه صفر ما تغییر نکرد.
  • آیا فرضیه صفر معنادار است؟
  • گزارش آزمون فرضیه صفر.
  • رد فرضیه صفر در تست A/B.

Academic Writing

  • فرضیه صفر تحقیق حاضر عبارت است از...
  • جهت آزمون فرضیه صفر...
  • با توجه به رد فرضیه صفر...
  • فرضیه صفر تایید نشد.

Conversation Starters

"فرضیه صفر در تحقیق شما دقیقاً چیست؟ (What exactly is the null hypothesis in your research?)"

"چطور فرضیه صفر را در این آزمایش رد کردید؟ (How did you reject the null hypothesis in this experiment?)"

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