فسخ in 30 Seconds
- 'فسخ' means the formal termination or annulment of a contract, agreement, or official status.
- It's primarily used in legal, business, and official contexts.
- It implies an official end to something that was previously binding.
- 'فسخ کردن' is the common verb phrase for 'to terminate'.
The Persian word 'فسخ' (fasḵ) is a noun that signifies the act of annulling, voiding, or terminating something. It's often used in legal, contractual, or formal contexts to describe the official end of an agreement, contract, or decision. Think of it as the formal process of saying 'it's over' or 'it's cancelled' in a way that has legal or official standing.
Consider a situation where a contract between two parties is no longer valid. The act of making it invalid is 'فسخ'. This could apply to a lease agreement, a marriage, a business deal, or even a court ruling. The core idea is that something that was previously binding or in effect is now being brought to an end, often due to a breach of terms, mutual agreement, or specific clauses within the original agreement itself.
It's important to note that 'فسخ' usually implies a formal and often legal procedure. It's not simply about deciding to stop doing something; it's about the official termination of a commitment or status. For instance, if you decide to stop renting an apartment, you don't just move out. You might need to formally notify your landlord and follow the terms of your lease for its 'فسخ'. Similarly, in marriage, the legal process of ending it is referred to as 'فسخ' (or divorce, which is a specific type of 'فسخ').
The word carries a sense of finality and official action. It suggests that a decision or an agreement has been reversed or nullified. It can also refer to the state of being annulled or voided. For example, a contract that has undergone 'فسخ' is considered void. The context in which 'فسخ' is used will often clarify whether it refers to the action of terminating or the resulting state of termination.
In legal discourse, 'فسخ' is a crucial term. It allows parties to withdraw from obligations under specific conditions, providing a mechanism for resolution when agreements break down or become unworkable. Understanding 'فسخ' is key to navigating many formal and legal interactions in Persian-speaking contexts.
Let's look at some examples to solidify this understanding. If a company decides to cancel a long-term supply agreement due to non-performance by the supplier, the legal term for this action would be 'فسخ قرارداد' (fasḵ-e qarrādad - contract termination). If a court annuls a previous ruling, it is also a form of 'فسخ'. The concept is about bringing something to an official close.
- Legal Terminology
- In legal documents and discussions, 'فسخ' is used to denote the formal cancellation or voiding of contracts, agreements, or legal decisions.
- Contractual Agreements
- When parties agree to end a contract before its natural expiration, or when one party has the right to terminate it due to a breach, the term 'فسخ' applies.
- Personal Status
- In contexts like marriage, 'فسخ نکاح' (fasḵ-e neḵāḥ) refers to the annulment of a marriage, which is a specific type of termination.
- Decision Making
- Formal decisions, such as those made by committees or authorities, can also be subject to 'فسخ' if they are later deemed invalid or are rescinded.
The lawyer explained the terms for the فسخ of the contract.
Using 'فسخ' correctly involves understanding its formal and often legalistic nature. It's typically employed when discussing the termination of formal agreements, contracts, or official statuses. The structure often involves 'فسخ' followed by the object being terminated, or it appears in phrases that describe the act of termination.
A common construction is 'فسخِ + [noun]', where the 'ezafe' (ـِ) connects 'فسخ' to the thing being terminated. For example, 'فسخِ قرارداد' (fasḵ-e qarrādad) means 'termination of the contract'. Similarly, 'فسخِ نکاح' (fasḵ-e neḵāḥ) refers to the annulment of a marriage. This structure highlights 'فسخ' as the action performed upon the subsequent noun.
You will also frequently encounter 'فسخ کردن' (fasḵ kardan), which is the verb phrase meaning 'to terminate' or 'to annul'. This is a very direct way to express the action. For instance, 'آنها قرارداد را فسخ کردند' (ānhā qarrādad rā fasḵ kardand) translates to 'They terminated the contract'. The verb 'کردن' (kardan - to do/make) combined with 'فسخ' creates a dynamic verb of termination.
Another way to use it is in passive constructions or when referring to the state of being terminated. For example, 'قرارداد فسخ شده است' (qarrādad fasḵ šode ast) means 'The contract has been terminated'. Here, 'فسخ شده' (fasḵ šode) acts as a past participle, describing the condition of the contract.
'فسخ' can also be used more abstractly to refer to the cancellation of a decision or a plan, although this is less common and leans more towards formal settings. If a committee rescinds a prior decision, it's a form of 'فسخ' of that decision. The context is crucial; it must imply an official or binding entity whose action is being undone.
Consider the nuances: 'فسخ' is not typically used for informal cancellations, like deciding not to go to a party. For that, you might use 'لغو کردن' (laġv kardan - to cancel) or simply say you won't go. 'فسخ' implies something more significant and formally established is being brought to an end.
Here are some sentence structures you'll encounter:
- Subject + 'فسخ کردن' + Object
- This is the most direct active voice construction. Example: 'ما تصمیم به فسخ قرارداد گرفتیم.' (mā taṣmim be fasḵ-e qarrādad gereftim. - We decided to terminate the contract.)
- 'فسخِ' + Noun
- Used when referring to the termination of a specific item or concept. Example: 'شرایط فسخ بیمه نامه مشخص بود.' (šarāyeṭ-e fasḵ-e bimename mošahhas bud. - The conditions for the termination of the insurance policy were clear.)
- Noun + 'فسخ شده است' (or similar passive form)
- Describes the state of being terminated. Example: 'این حکم قضایی به دلیل نقص مدارک فسخ شده است.' (in ḥokm-e qaḍāyi be dalil-e naqs-e madārek fasḵ šode ast. - This court order has been annulled due to a lack of documents.)
- Prepositional Phrases
- Often used with prepositions like 'در' (dar - in) or 'به' (be - to/for). Example: 'آنها در مورد فسخ قرارداد با وکیل مشورت کردند.' (ānhā dar mowred-e fasḵ-e qarrādad bā vakil mašvarat kardand. - They consulted with the lawyer regarding the contract termination.)
The government announced the فسخ of the agreement.
You'll most frequently encounter 'فسخ' in formal and official settings, particularly within the legal and business domains. It's a word that carries weight and is associated with official actions and consequences. If you're involved in legal proceedings, business negotiations, or administrative matters in a Persian-speaking country, 'فسخ' is a term you're likely to hear or read.
Legal Contexts: This is perhaps the most common arena for 'فسخ'. Lawyers, judges, and court documents frequently use this term. Discussions about contract breaches, property disputes, annulments of marriage ('فسخ نکاح'), or the invalidation of legal rulings will invariably involve 'فسخ'. News reports about legal cases or new legislation might also mention it.
Business and Finance: In the corporate world, 'فسخ قرارداد' (contract termination) is a standard term. When companies end partnerships, cancel large orders, or nullify service agreements, 'فسخ' is the appropriate word. Financial news, business journals, and internal company memos related to ending formal arrangements will use it.
Government and Administration: Official government announcements, policy changes, or the revocation of permits or licenses can be described using 'فسخ'. For instance, if a government agency decides to cancel a tender, it's a 'فسخ' of the bidding process. Official decrees or administrative decisions that are later overturned also fall under this term.
Academic Settings: In law schools or business programs, lectures and textbooks will extensively use 'فسخ' when discussing contract law, commercial law, or family law. Research papers and academic analyses of legal or business agreements might also feature it prominently.
Formal Announcements: While less frequent in everyday conversation, you might hear 'فسخ' in formal announcements, such as at a press conference where a major contract is being terminated, or during official ceremonies where a long-standing agreement is being nullified. Even in personal matters, if there's a formal aspect, like the annulment of a marriage, the term 'فسخ' would be used in official communications or legal proceedings.
It's important to distinguish 'فسخ' from more casual terms. You wouldn't typically use 'فسخ' to say you're canceling plans with a friend. That would be 'لغو کردن' (laġv kardan) or simply 'نمیآیم' (nemiāyam - I won't come). 'فسخ' implies a formal, often binding, entity or agreement is being brought to an end through an official process.
Think of it as the language of officialdom. When something that was formally established is being officially undone, 'فسخ' is the word to describe it. So, if you're reading legal documents, business contracts, or official government statements in Persian, keep an eye out for 'فسخ'.
- Legal Documentaries
- Watching documentaries or news reports about court cases, contract disputes, or historical legal decisions in Iran or Afghanistan.
- Business News
- Reading articles or watching broadcasts about major business deals, mergers, acquisitions, or contract negotiations and their potential termination.
- Government Gazettes
- Perusing official government publications that detail new laws, regulations, or official decisions, including any that might annul previous ones.
- Academic Lectures on Law/Business
- Attending university courses or online lectures on subjects like contract law, international law, or business management in Persian.
The news reported the فسخ of the international trade agreement.
Learners of Persian can sometimes misuse 'فسخ' by applying it to situations where a more common or less formal word would be appropriate. The key to avoiding these mistakes is remembering the formal and often legalistic nature of 'فسخ'.
Mistake 1: Using 'فسخ' for casual cancellations.
Many learners might think 'فسخ' simply means 'to cancel'. While it does involve cancellation, it's specifically the cancellation of something formal, binding, or official. Using it for everyday plans, like canceling a dinner invitation or a casual meetup, sounds overly formal and incorrect. For informal cancellations, words like 'لغو کردن' (laġv kardan - to cancel) or 'به هم زدن' (be ham zadan - to break off, often for plans) are more suitable.
*Incorrect:* 'من قرارم را با دوستم فسخ کردم.' (man qarāram rā bā dustam fasḵ kardam. - I terminated my appointment with my friend.) - This sounds like you legally ended a friendship!
*Correct:* 'من قرارم را با دوستم لغو کردم.' (man qarāram rā bā dustam laġv kardam. - I canceled my appointment with my friend.)
Mistake 2: Confusing 'فسخ' with 'ابطال' (ebṭāl) or 'لغو' (laġv) in specific legal contexts.
While 'فسخ' means termination, 'ابطال' often implies making something void from the beginning (nullification), and 'لغو' can be a more general cancellation. In precise legal terminology, the distinction matters. For instance, a contract might be 'فسخ' due to a breach (termination), or it might be 'ابطال' from the outset if it was deemed illegal or invalid from the start. While sometimes interchangeable in casual use, in formal legal settings, precision is key. If a law is repealed, it's often 'لغو' or 'ابطال', not 'فسخ'.
*Potential Misuse:* Using 'فسخ' when the situation calls for 'ابطال' for something that was invalid from the start.
*Example Nuance:* If a marriage was performed without proper legal consent, it might be 'ابطال' (annulled as if it never legally existed). If a valid marriage ends due to irreconcilable differences under specific legal provisions, it might be discussed in terms of 'فسخ' (termination of the valid contract).
Mistake 3: Incorrect verb conjugation or noun-verb pairing.
Persian grammar requires careful attention to how verbs are formed. While 'فسخ کردن' is the most common verb phrase, learners might try to use 'فسخ' as a standalone verb or pair it with incorrect auxiliary verbs. Always remember that 'فسخ' is fundamentally a noun, and it usually requires a verb like 'کردن' (to do) or 'شدن' (to become) to form a complete action.
*Incorrect:* 'آنها فسخ را انجام دادند.' (ānhā fasḵ rā anjām dādand. - They performed the termination.) - While grammatically understandable, 'فسخ کردن' is the standard and more natural phrasing.
*Correct:* 'آنها قرارداد را فسخ کردند.' (ānhā qarrādad rā fasḵ kardand. - They terminated the contract.)
Mistake 4: Overuse in general conversation.
'فسخ' is not a word you'd typically use in casual chat. Its formality can make conversations sound stilted or overly legalistic if used inappropriately. Rely on simpler vocabulary for everyday interactions.
*Overuse Example:* 'من این کتاب را از قفسه ام فسخ کردم.' (man in ketāb rā az qafaseh-am fasḵ kardam. - I terminated this book from my shelf.) - This sounds bizarre; you'd simply say 'برداشتم' (bardāšam - I took down/removed) or 'گذاشتم کنار' (gozāštam kenār - I put it aside).
- Casual Cancellation vs. Formal Termination
- Using 'فسخ' for everyday plans like canceling a coffee date is incorrect. Use 'لغو کردن' or 'به هم زدن' for informal situations.
- Nuances of Legal Terms
- Distinguish 'فسخ' (termination) from 'ابطال' (nullification from the start) and 'لغو' (general cancellation) in precise legal contexts. While overlap exists, formal legal language demands accuracy.
- Verb Formation
- Remember that 'فسخ' is a noun. Use standard verb phrases like 'فسخ کردن' (to terminate) or 'فسخ شدن' (to be terminated) rather than trying to use 'فسخ' as a standalone verb.
Avoid using فسخ for simple cancellations of social plans.
While 'فسخ' is specific, Persian offers several related terms that denote cancellation or ending, each with its own nuance. Understanding these distinctions is key to precise communication.
- لغو (laġv)
- Meaning: Cancellation. This is a very common and general term for canceling something. It can apply to events, appointments, plans, orders, or even abstract concepts. It's less formal than 'فسخ' and doesn't necessarily imply a legal or contractual basis.
- Usage: 'لغو کردن' (laġv kardan - to cancel). 'پرواز لغو شد.' (parvāz laġv šod. - The flight was canceled.) 'قرارمان را لغو کردیم.' (qarāramān rā laġv kardim. - We canceled our appointment.)
- Comparison to فسخ: 'لغو' is broader and more informal. You 'لغو' a party, but you 'فسخ' a lease agreement. 'فسخ' implies a more official or binding termination.
- ابطال (ebṭāl)
- Meaning: Annulment, invalidation, voiding. This term often suggests making something void from the beginning, as if it never had legal force or validity. It's strongly associated with legal and official contexts, similar to 'فسخ', but often implies a fundamental flaw or illegitimacy.
- Usage: 'ابطال کردن' (ebṭāl kardan - to annul/invalidate). 'دادگاه حکم را باطل کرد.' (dādgāh ḥokm rā bāṭel kard. - The court invalidated the ruling.) 'این سند باطل است.' (in sanad bāṭel ast. - This document is void.)
- Comparison to فسخ: While 'فسخ' terminates a valid agreement or status, 'ابطال' often implies that the thing being annulled was invalid from the start or lacked legal standing. A contract might be 'فسخ' due to a breach, but a forged document would be 'ابطال'.
- انحلال (enḥelāl)
- Meaning: Dissolution, winding up. This term is primarily used for the termination of organizations, companies, or partnerships. It refers to the process of closing down a business entity.
- Usage: 'انحلال شرکت' (enḥelāl-e šerkat - dissolution of a company). 'شرکت پس از ده سال فعالیت منحل شد.' (šerkat pas az dah sāl fa'āliyat moḥallel šod. - The company was dissolved after ten years of operation.)
- Comparison to فسخ: 'انحلال' is specific to the termination of corporate or organizational bodies, whereas 'فسخ' is more general and can apply to individual contracts, marriages, or decisions.
- پایان دادن (pāyān dādan)
- Meaning: To end, to bring to an end. This is a very general verb phrase meaning to finish or conclude something. It's much less formal and specific than 'فسخ'.
- Usage: 'پایان دادن به درگیری' (pāyān dādan be dargiri - to end the conflict). 'ما به این بحث پایان دادیم.' (mā be in baḥṯ pāyān dādim. - We ended this discussion.)
- Comparison to فسخ: 'پایان دادن' is a broad term for concluding any activity or state. 'فسخ' is specifically about formally terminating a binding agreement or status.
The company's فسخ of the contract was different from the simple لغو of the event.
How Formal Is It?
Fun Fact
The Arabic root 'f-s-kh' is related to the concept of breaking something that was previously whole or intact. In legal contexts, this translates to breaking the integrity of a contract or agreement. Interestingly, the same root is also found in words related to biological processes like 'excretion', highlighting a fundamental concept of separation or expulsion.
Pronunciation Guide
- Pronouncing the 'ḵ' sound as a regular 'k' or 'h'.
- Making the 'a' sound too long or too short.
- Adding an unnecessary vowel sound after the 'ḵ'.
Difficulty Rating
Recognizing 'فسخ' in reading requires understanding its formal and legalistic contexts. It's not a word commonly found in everyday narrative texts but appears frequently in legal documents, business reports, and formal announcements. Learners need to be aware of its specific usage domains to interpret it correctly.
Using 'فسخ' correctly in writing demands precision. Learners must understand when it is appropriate (formal/legal contexts) and when it is not (informal situations). Incorrect usage can lead to sounding overly formal or making grammatical errors. Mastering its collocations and grammatical patterns is essential.
Speaking with 'فسخ' requires confidence in formal registers. It's unlikely to be used in casual conversation, so learners need to practice its pronunciation and understand the scenarios where it would naturally occur, such as in a business meeting or a legal discussion.
Hearing 'فسخ' in spoken Persian usually indicates a formal discussion. Listeners need to be able to identify it and infer the context, often legal or business-related, to grasp the full meaning.
What to Learn Next
Prerequisites
Learn Next
Advanced
Grammar to Know
The Ezafe construction (-e) is frequently used to connect 'فسخ' with the noun it modifies, e.g., 'فسخِ قرارداد'.
شرایطِ فسخِ قرارداد بسیار مهم است. (šarāyeṭ-e fasḵ-e qarrādad besyār mohemm ast.) - The conditions of contract termination are very important.
The verb 'کردن' (kardan - to do) is commonly used with 'فسخ' to form the active verb 'to terminate'.
آنها قرارداد را فسخ کردند. (ānhā qarrādad rā fasḵ kardand.) - They terminated the contract.
The verb 'شدن' (šodan - to become) is used to form the passive voice 'to be terminated'.
قرارداد به دلیل عدم پرداخت فسخ شد. (qarrādad be dalil-e 'adam-e pardākht fasḵ šod. - The contract was terminated due to non-payment.)
Adjectives like 'قابل' (qābel - able/possible) can precede 'فسخ' to create 'قابل فسخ' (terminable).
این دوره آموزشی قابل فسخ است. (in dowre-ye āmuzeši qābel-e fasḵ ast. - This training course is terminable.)
Prepositions like 'در' (dar - in) or 'به' (be - to/for) can be used with 'فسخ' in various contexts.
آنها در مورد فسخ قرارداد مشورت کردند. (ānhā dar mowred-e fasḵ-e qarrādad mašvarat kardand. - They consulted about the contract termination.)
Examples by Level
آنها قرارداد اجاره را به دلیل عدم پرداخت به موقع فسخ کردند.
They terminated the lease contract due to non-payment on time.
'فسخ کردن' (fasḵ kardan) is the verb 'to terminate'.
شرایط فسخ این بیمه نامه بسیار سختگیرانه است.
The conditions for the termination of this insurance policy are very strict.
'فسخ' is used here as a noun in an 'ezafe' construction: 'شرایط فسخ' (conditions of termination).
حق فسخ قرارداد در صورت نقض تعهدات وجود دارد.
The right to terminate the contract exists in case of breach of obligations.
'حق فسخ' (ḥaqq-e fasḵ) means 'right of termination'.
بدون اطلاع قبلی، قرارداد فسخ نخواهد شد.
Without prior notice, the contract will not be terminated.
Passive voice: 'فسخ نخواهد شد' (fasḵ naḵāhad šod - will not be terminated).
وکیل برای فسخ نکاح موکل خود اقدام کرد.
The lawyer took action for the annulment of his client's marriage.
'فسخ نکاح' (fasḵ-e neḵāḥ) is the specific term for marriage annulment.
این توافقنامه پس از شش ماه قابل فسخ است.
This agreement is terminable after six months.
'قابل فسخ' (qābel-e fasḵ) means 'terminable' or 'cancellable'.
آنها سعی کردند تا فسخ قرارداد را به تعویق بیندازند.
They tried to postpone the contract termination.
'به تعویق انداختن' (be ta'viq andāḵtan) means 'to postpone'.
دادگاه حکم را به دلیل نقص قانونی فسخ کرد.
The court annulled the ruling due to a legal defect.
Here, 'فسخ' is used for a legal ruling, similar to 'ابطال'.
هرگونه فسخ قرارداد باید کتباً به اطلاع طرف دیگر رسانده شود.
Any termination of the contract must be communicated in writing to the other party.
'فسخ قرارداد' (fasḵ-e qarrādad) - termination of contract. Emphasizes written communication.
شرکت به دلیل بحران اقتصادی تصمیم به فسخ بسیاری از پروژههای بلندمدت گرفت.
Due to the economic crisis, the company decided to terminate many long-term projects.
'فسخ' is used here for terminating projects, implying a formal decision based on economic reasons.
ماده ۱۰ قانون مدنی به فسخ معاملات باطل اشاره دارد.
Article 10 of the Civil Code refers to the termination of void transactions.
Connects 'فسخ' with 'معاملات باطل' (void transactions), suggesting a complex legal interaction.
عدم رعایت مهلت قانونی، منجر به فسخ خودکار قرارداد میشود.
Failure to observe the legal deadline will lead to the automatic termination of the contract.
'فسخ خودکار' (fasḵ-e ḵodkār) - automatic termination. Highlights consequences of inaction.
طرفین توافق کردند که بدون نیاز به اثبات تقصیر، فسخ توافقنامه را انجام دهند.
The parties agreed to carry out the termination of the agreement without the need to prove fault.
'فسخ توافقنامه' (fasḵ-e ta'āvoqnameh) - termination of agreement. 'بدون نیاز به اثبات تقصیر' (without need to prove fault) indicates a mutual, no-fault termination.
این بند از قرارداد، امکان فسخ آن را در شرایط خاصی پیشبینی کرده است.
This clause in the contract anticipates the possibility of its termination under specific conditions.
'امکان فسخ' (emkān-e fasḵ) - possibility of termination. 'پیشبینی کرده است' (has foreseen/anticipated).
پس از فسخ قرارداد، تمام حقوق و تعهدات طرفین ملغی میگردد.
After the termination of the contract, all rights and obligations of the parties become void.
Explains the consequence of 'فسخ': 'ملغی میگردد' (malġi mi-gardad - become void/canceled).
وکیل توصیه کرد که برای جلوگیری از مشکلات بیشتر، قرارداد را فسخ کنیم.
The lawyer advised that we should terminate the contract to prevent further problems.
Practical advice context for using 'فسخ'.
دادگاه عالی، حکم بدوی را به دلیل فقدان صلاحیت ذاتی، ابطال و دستور فسخ آن را صادر نمود.
The Supreme Court annulled the lower court's ruling due to lack of inherent jurisdiction and issued an order for its termination.
Combines 'ابطال' (annulment) and 'فسخ' (termination) in a complex legal scenario, highlighting the distinction.
شرکت سرمایهگذار پس از ارزیابی مجدد ریسکها، خواستار فسخ شراکتنامه با طرف ایرانی شد.
The investing company, after reassessing the risks, demanded the termination of the partnership agreement with the Iranian party.
'فسخ شراکتنامه' (fasḵ-e šerākatnameh) - termination of partnership agreement. 'خواستار شد' (demanded).
مفاد قرارداد به گونهای تنظیم شده بود که امکان فسخ یکطرفه را به حداقل میرساند.
The contract's clauses were drafted in such a way as to minimize the possibility of unilateral termination.
'فسخ یکطرفه' (fasḵ-e yek-tarafeh) - unilateral termination. 'به حداقل میرساند' (minimizes).
در صورت بروز فورس ماژور، طرفین حق فسخ قرارداد را بدون پرداخت غرامت خواهند داشت.
In the event of force majeure, the parties shall have the right to terminate the contract without paying compensation.
'فورس ماژور' (force majeure) is a legal term. 'بدون پرداخت غرامت' (without paying compensation).
تفسیر این بند به گونهای است که هرگونه اقدام برای فسخ قرارداد را منوط به رعایت تشریفات خاصی میسازد.
The interpretation of this clause is such that it makes any action for contract termination conditional upon adherence to specific formalities.
'منوط به' (monuṭ be) - conditional upon. 'تشریفات خاص' (specific formalities).
عدم انجام تعهدات اساسی طرف دوم، موجبی برای فسخ قرارداد توسط طرف اول فراهم میآورد.
The non-fulfillment of the fundamental obligations of the second party provides grounds for the termination of the contract by the first party.
'موجبی برای' (mowjebi barāye) - grounds for. 'فراهم میآورد' (provides/creates).
حتی پس از فسخ قرارداد، برخی تعهدات مربوط به محرمانگی همچنان لازمالاجرا باقی میمانند.
Even after the termination of the contract, certain confidentiality obligations remain enforceable.
'تعهدات مربوط به محرمانگی' (ta'ahodāt-e marbuṭ be maḥramānegi) - confidentiality obligations. 'لازمالاجرا' (enforceable).
مذاکرات برای فسخ مسالمتآمیز توافقنامه در جریان است.
Negotiations for the amicable termination of the agreement are underway.
'فسخ مسالمتآمیز' (fasḵ-e mosālematāmez) - amicable termination. 'در جریان است' (are underway).
دیوان عالی کشور حکم دادگاه تجدیدنظر مبنی بر فسخ معامله را به دلیل ایرادات شکلی تأیید کرد.
The Supreme Court confirmed the appellate court's ruling regarding the termination of the transaction due to procedural defects.
Highly specific legal terminology: 'دیوان عالی کشور' (Supreme Court), 'ایرادات شکلی' (procedural defects).
استراتژی شرکت در قبال افزایش رقابت، مبتنی بر فسخ تدریجی برخی از خطوط تولید زیانده بود.
The company's strategy in the face of increased competition was based on the gradual termination of some loss-making production lines.
'مبتنی بر' (based on), 'فسخ تدریجی' (gradual termination), 'خطوط تولید زیانده' (loss-making production lines).
فسخ قرارداد همکاری به دلیل انحلال یکی از شرکتهای طرف قرارداد، تبعات حقوقی پیچیدهای را به همراه داشت.
The termination of the cooperation agreement due to the dissolution of one of the contracting companies brought about complex legal consequences.
Links 'فسخ' with 'انحلال' (dissolution) and 'تبعات حقوقی پیچیده' (complex legal consequences).
قانونگذار با پیشبینی سناریوهای مختلف، چارچوبی برای فسخ عادلانه قراردادهای بلندمدت تدوین نموده است.
The legislator, foreseeing various scenarios, has formulated a framework for the equitable termination of long-term contracts.
'قانونگذار' (legislator), 'تدوین نموده است' (has formulated), 'فسخ عادلانه' (equitable termination).
تأکید بر لزوم رعایت اصل حسن نیت در تمامی مراحل، حتی پس از فسخ قرارداد، از اصول بنیادین حقوق قراردادهاست.
The emphasis on the necessity of observing the principle of good faith at all stages, even after contract termination, is one of the fundamental principles of contract law.
'اصل حسن نیت' (principle of good faith), 'بنیادین' (fundamental).
ماده الحاقی به قرارداد، شرایط و ضوابط دقیق فسخ آن را در صورت عدم تحقق اهداف تعیینشده مشخص میسازد.
The addendum to the contract specifies the precise terms and conditions for its termination in the event that the defined objectives are not met.
'ماده الحاقی' (addendum), 'ضوابط دقیق' (precise terms/conditions), 'عدم تحقق اهداف' (non-achievement of objectives).
تحلیل حقوقی پرونده نشان داد که فسخ قرارداد از سوی یکی از طرفین، فاقد وجاهت قانونی بوده است.
The legal analysis of the case showed that the termination of the contract by one of the parties lacked legal standing.
'تحلیل حقوقی' (legal analysis), 'فاقد وجاهت قانونی' (lacked legal standing).
تنشهای ژئوپلیتیکی منجر به فسخ ناگهانی پیمانهای دوجانبه و چندجانبه در منطقه گردید.
Geopolitical tensions led to the sudden termination of bilateral and multilateral treaties in the region.
'تنشهای ژئوپلیتیکی' (geopolitical tensions), 'پیمانهای دوجانبه و چندجانبه' (bilateral and multilateral treaties).
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
— To terminate a contract.
آنها تصمیم گرفتند قرارداد را فسخ کنند. (ānhā taṣmim gereftand qarrādad rā fasḵ konand.)
— The right to terminate.
این قرارداد حق فسخ را برای هر دو طرف محفوظ میدارد. (in qarrādad ḥaqq-e fasḵ rā barāye har do taraf maḥfuẓ mi-dārad.)
— Conditions for termination.
لطفاً شرایط فسخ این سرویس را به دقت بخوانید. (loṭfan šarāyeṭ-e fasḵ-e in servise rā be deqqat beḵwānid.)
— Automatic termination.
عدم پرداخت به موقع منجر به فسخ خودکار قرارداد میشود. ('adam-e pardākht-e be moghe' manjar be fasḵ-e ḵodkār-e qarrādad mi-šavad.)
— Unilateral termination.
فسخ یکطرفه قرارداد بدون دلیل موجه معمولاً غیرقانونی است. (fasḵ-e yek-tarafeh-ye qarrādad bedun-e dalil-e mowajje malūlan ġeyr-e qānuni ast.)
— Annulment of marriage.
پرونده فسخ نکاح در دادگاه خانواده مطرح شد. (parvande-ye fasḵ-e neḵāḥ dar dādgāh-e ḵānevadegi maṭraḥ šod.)
— Terminated contract.
این قرارداد دیگر معتبر نیست زیرا فسخ شده است. (in qarrādad digar mo'tabar nist zirā fasḵ šode ast.)
— Due to termination.
آنها خسارت دریافت کردند به دلیل فسخ ناگهانی قرارداد. (ānhā ḵesārat daryāft kardand be dalil-e fasḵ-e nāgahāni-ye qarrādad.)
— Grounds for termination.
عدم رعایت کیفیت، موجب فسخ قرارداد بود. ('adam-e re'āyat-e keyfiyat, mowjeb-e fasḵ-e qarrādad bud.)
— Request for termination / Lawsuit for termination.
وکیل دادخواست فسخ قرارداد را تنظیم کرد. (vakil dādgāst-e fasḵ-e qarrādad rā tanzim kard.)
Often Confused With
'لغو' is a general term for cancellation, applicable to events, appointments, or orders. 'فسخ' is more specific, referring to the formal termination of a binding agreement or status, often with legal implications.
'ابطال' means annulment or invalidation, often implying something was void from the start. 'فسخ' typically terminates something that was initially valid but is now being ended.
'انحلال' is specifically for the dissolution of companies or organizations, whereas 'فسخ' can apply to individual contracts, marriages, or decisions.
Idioms & Expressions
— To ruin something that was carefully built or planned; to undo all the effort. While not directly using 'فسخ', it conveys the idea of undoing or terminating something successfully established.
تمام زحماتش را با یک اشتباه رشته کرد و پنبه نمود. (tamām-e zaḥamāt-aš rā bā yek eštibāh rešte kard va panbeh nemud.) - He undid all his efforts with one mistake.
Informal— To blame someone entirely for a failure or problem, often leading to the end of a relationship or project. It implies a definitive ending brought about by blame.
وقتی پروژه شکست خورد، کاسه کوزهها را سر مدیر انداختند. (vaqti poroje šekast ḵord, kāseh kuzehā rā sar-e modir andākhtand.) - When the project failed, they blamed the manager entirely.
Informal— To reach the end of something, often a race or a project. While it signifies an end, it's usually a positive or neutral completion rather than a termination.
بالاخره پس از سالها تلاش، پروژه خط پایان را رد کرد. (belāḵareh pas az sāl-hā talāš, poroje ḵatt-e pāyān rā rad kard. - Finally, after years of effort, the project crossed the finish line.)
Neutral— The end of work or a task. This is a straightforward phrase indicating completion, not necessarily a formal termination.
با اتمام این مرحله، پایان کار اعلام شد. (bā etmām-e in marhaleh, pāyān-e kār e'lām šod. - With the completion of this phase, the end of work was announced.)
Neutral— To put an end to someone's activities or business; to shut someone down. This implies a forceful termination of someone's endeavors.
رقیب جدید به سرعت بساط کسب و کار قدیمی را جمع کرد. (raghib-e jadid be sor'at basāṭ-e kasb-o-kār-e qadimi rā jam' kard. - The new competitor quickly shut down the old business.)
Informal— To break off, to cancel (often plans or relationships). It's more informal than 'فسخ' and less legally binding.
آنها قرار ملاقات خود را به هم زدند. (ānhā qarār-e mo lāqāt-e ḵod rā be ham zadand. - They broke off their appointment.)
Informal— To come to an end; to be concluded. Similar to 'پایان یافتن', but can sometimes imply a more formal conclusion.
جلسه پس از بحثهای طولانی خاتمه یافت. (jalseh pas az baḥt-hā-ye tulāni ḵātemeh yāft. - The meeting concluded after long discussions.)
Neutral/Formal— To be canceled. This is the passive form of 'لغو' and is used for less formal cancellations.
پرواز به دلیل بدی آب و هوا لغو شد. (parvāz be dalil-e bad-i-ye āb-o-havā laġv šod. - The flight was canceled due to bad weather.)
Neutral— To render ineffective; to nullify. This is close to 'ابطال' and implies making something lose its power or effect.
تصمیم جدید، دستور قبلی را بیاثر کرد. (taṣmim-e jadid, dastur-e qabli rā bi-asar kard. - The new decision rendered the previous order ineffective.)
Formal— To dismantle or clear away something; to put an end to something. Similar to 'بساط کسی را جمع کردن', it implies a definitive end.
نیروهای نظامی بساط پایگاه دشمن را برچیدند. (niru-hā-ye nezāmi basāṭ-e pāygāh-e došman rā barčidand. - The military forces dismantled the enemy's base.)
Formal/MilitaryEasily Confused
Both 'فسخ' and 'لغو' involve ending something.
'فسخ' is formal and often legal, terminating a binding agreement or status. 'لغو' is a general cancellation, applicable to events, plans, or orders, and is less formal.
We 'لغو' a party, but we 'فسخ' a lease agreement.
Both relate to making something invalid or ending its effect.
'فسخ' terminates something that was valid. 'ابطال' typically means to make something void from the beginning, as if it never existed legally. A contract might be 'فسخ' due to a breach, but a fraudulent document might be 'ابطال'.
The court might 'فسخ' a contract due to non-performance, but 'ابطال' a marriage if it was performed illegally.
Both signify an end.
'انحلال' specifically refers to the winding up or dissolution of organizations (companies, associations). 'فسخ' is broader and can apply to individual contracts, agreements, or legal decisions.
A company undergoes 'انحلال', while a lease agreement undergoes 'فسخ'.
Both mean to end something.
'پایان دادن' is a general verb phrase for concluding any activity or state. 'فسخ' is a specific noun for the formal, often legal, termination of a binding agreement or status.
You 'پایان دادن' a discussion, but you 'فسخ' a contract.
Both relate to bringing something to a close.
'خاتمه دادن' is often used for concluding events, meetings, or periods. 'فسخ' is specifically for the formal termination of an agreement or status, carrying legal weight.
A meeting is 'خاتمه داده میشود' (concluded), while a legal settlement is 'فسخ' (terminated).
Sentence Patterns
Subject + 'فسخ کردن' + Object
ما قرارداد را فسخ کردیم.
'فسخِ' + Noun
شرایط فسخ بیمه نامه.
Noun + 'فسخ شده است'
قرارداد فسخ شده است.
Subject + 'خواستار فسخ' + Object
شرکت خواستار فسخ شراکتنامه بود.
'حق فسخ' + Verb Phrase
حق فسخ قرارداد در صورت نقض تعهدات وجود دارد.
Subject + 'به دلیل' + Reason + 'فسخ' + Object
به دلیل بحران اقتصادی، قرارداد فسخ شد.
'امکان فسخ' + 'در شرایط خاص'
این بند امکان فسخ را در شرایط خاصی پیشبینی کرده است.
Subject + 'منجر به فسخ' + Object
عدم رعایت مهلت قانونی منجر به فسخ خودکار قرارداد میشود.
Word Family
Nouns
Verbs
Adjectives
Related
How to Use It
Medium (in formal contexts), Low (in general conversation)
-
Using 'فسخ' for casual cancellations.
→
Using 'لغو کردن' or 'به هم زدن'.
'فسخ' is formal and legal; it's not for canceling plans with friends. For example, saying 'من قرارم را فسخ کردم' for a coffee date is incorrect and sounds like you're legally ending a friendship.
-
Confusing 'فسخ' with 'ابطال' in legal contexts.
→
Using 'ابطال' for making something void from the start, and 'فسخ' for terminating a valid agreement.
'فسخ' terminates a valid agreement. 'ابطال' implies making something invalid from its inception. A contract might be 'فسخ' due to non-compliance, but a forged document would be 'ابطال'.
-
Using 'فسخ' as a standalone verb.
→
Using 'فسخ کردن' or 'فسخ شدن'.
'فسخ' is a noun. It needs auxiliary verbs like 'کردن' (to do) or 'شدن' (to become) to form a complete verb phrase. For example, 'قرارداد را فسخ کرد' not 'قرارداد را فسخ کرد'.
-
Overusing 'فسخ' in everyday conversation.
→
Using simpler, more common words like 'لغو کردن' or 'تمام کردن'.
Using 'فسخ' in casual chat makes the language sound overly formal and unnatural. It's reserved for specific, formal situations.
-
Mispronouncing the final 'ḵ' sound.
→
Pronouncing it as a guttural fricative (like 'ch' in 'loch').
Many learners substitute it with a 'k' or 'h' sound, which can alter the word's recognition. Practicing the correct guttural sound is important for clear pronunciation.
Tips
Formal Register is Key
Remember that 'فسخ' is a formal word. Avoid using it in casual conversations or for everyday cancellations. Stick to contexts involving contracts, legal agreements, or official decisions.
Verb Combinations
The most common ways to use 'فسخ' as a verb are 'فسخ کردن' (to terminate) and 'فسخ شدن' (to be terminated). Pay attention to which one fits your sentence's active or passive voice.
Legal and Business Domains
You'll encounter 'فسخ' most frequently in legal documents, business contracts, court proceedings, and official government communications. Understanding these domains will help you recognize its usage.
Vs. Lugh (لغو)
Differentiate 'فسخ' from 'لغو' (cancellation). 'فسخ' implies a formal termination of a binding agreement, while 'لغو' is a more general cancellation of events or plans.
The 'Kh' Sound
Practice the guttural 'ḵ' sound at the end of 'فسخ'. It's a key feature of Persian pronunciation and distinguishes it from similar-sounding words in other languages.
Visual Association
Imagine a contract being officially torn in half with a stamp of 'void'. This visual can help you remember the meaning of 'فسخ' as a formal termination.
Common Pairings
Learn common collocations like 'فسخ قرارداد' (contract termination) and 'حق فسخ' (right of termination). These phrases are frequently used together and will aid your comprehension and usage.
Legal Precision
In legal contexts, precision matters. While 'فسخ' is a termination, consider if 'ابطال' (annulment) or 'انحلال' (dissolution) might be more accurate depending on the specific situation.
Writing Practice
When practicing writing, try creating sentences that describe a scenario where a contract is terminated due to a breach of terms or mutual agreement, using 'فسخ' correctly.
Formal Dialogue
Listen to formal Persian dialogues, such as courtroom dramas or business negotiations, to hear 'فسخ' used in its natural environment and understand its pronunciation and context.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Imagine a contract (like a scroll) being 'fast' (فست) broken in half. The 'f' sound connects to 'fast', and the breaking action represents 'فسخ'. So, 'fast broken scroll' helps remember 'فسخ'.
Visual Association
Picture a large, official document (like a contract or a marriage certificate) being torn in half by two hands, signifying its formal termination. The torn edges represent the 'فسخ'.
Word Web
Challenge
Try to explain the difference between 'فسخ' and 'لغو' to a friend using only gestures and facial expressions. This will force you to internalize the core meaning of 'فسخ' as a formal, serious action.
Word Origin
The word 'فسخ' originates from the Arabic root ف-س-خ (f-s-kh), which carries the meaning of 'to break', 'to undo', 'to annul', or 'to invalidate'. This root is common in Semitic languages and has influenced many legal and formal terms in Persian.
Original meaning: To break, undo, annul, invalidate.
Semitic (via Arabic)Cultural Context
The word 'فسخ' itself is neutral, but the context in which it's used can be sensitive. For example, 'فسخ نکاح' (marriage annulment) is a sensitive topic in personal and social spheres. Similarly, the termination of a significant contract can have profound financial and professional implications.
While English has words like 'terminate', 'annul', 'rescind', and 'cancel', 'فسخ' often carries a combined weight of legal formality and the ending of a binding commitment that might not be perfectly captured by a single English equivalent in all contexts.
Practice in Real Life
Real-World Contexts
Legal proceedings and contract disputes
- فسخ قرارداد
- حق فسخ
- شرایط فسخ
- دادخواست فسخ
Business and corporate dealings
- فسخ توافقنامه
- فسخ شراکتنامه
- فسخ یکطرفه
- فسخ قرارداد
Family law (e.g., marriage annulment)
- فسخ نکاح
- شرایط فسخ نکاح
Real estate and rental agreements
- فسخ قرارداد اجاره
- شرایط فسخ اجاره
Insurance policies
- فسخ بیمه نامه
- شرایط فسخ بیمه
Conversation Starters
"Have you ever had to terminate a contract? What was the process like?"
"What are the most common reasons for terminating an agreement in your country?"
"If you were to draft a contract, what conditions for termination would you include?"
"How does the concept of 'فسخ' differ from simply canceling plans?"
"Can you think of a situation where terminating an agreement would be the fairest solution?"
Journal Prompts
Describe a time you had to end a formal commitment. What was the outcome?
Reflect on the importance of clear termination clauses in contracts. Why are they necessary?
Imagine you are a lawyer advising a client on terminating a complex agreement. What advice would you give?
How does the legal process of 'فسخ' reflect societal values regarding agreements and commitments?
Write a short story where the plot hinges on the formal termination of a significant agreement.
Frequently Asked Questions
10 questions'فسخ' (fasḵ) refers to the formal termination or annulment of a contract, agreement, or official status, often with legal implications. It implies ending something that was previously binding. 'لغو' (laġv), on the other hand, is a more general term for cancellation, applicable to events, appointments, or orders, and is less formal. For example, you 'لغو' a flight but 'فسخ' a lease agreement.
'فسخ' is primarily used in formal contexts, especially legal and business settings. It applies to the termination of contracts, agreements, marriages (فسخ نکاح), court rulings, or any official decision that needs to be formally nullified or ended.
Generally, no. 'فسخ' is too formal for personal relationships. While a marriage ('نکاح') can be formally annulled using 'فسخ نکاح', ending a friendship or a casual relationship would use less formal terms like 'به هم زدن' (be ham zadan - to break off) or simply stating you won't continue the relationship.
The most common verb phrase is 'فسخ کردن' (fasḵ kardan), meaning 'to terminate' or 'to annul'. The passive form is 'فسخ شدن' (fasḵ šodan), meaning 'to be terminated' or 'to be annulled'.
Some common phrases include 'فسخ قرارداد' (contract termination), 'حق فسخ' (right of termination), 'شرایط فسخ' (conditions of termination), and 'فسخ نکاح' (marriage annulment).
While 'فسخ' has strong legal connotations and is most frequently used in legal and contractual contexts, it can sometimes be used in other formal contexts to describe the official termination of a significant decision or status. However, its core meaning remains tied to formality and binding agreements.
Once a contract is 'فسخ', it is no longer legally binding. Depending on the terms of the original contract and the reasons for termination, there might be consequences such as the return of deposits, payment of penalties, or cessation of all obligations and rights related to the contract. The specific outcomes are usually detailed in the contract's termination clauses.
The pronunciation is 'fasḵ'. The 'f' is like in 'fun', 'a' is short like in 'cat', 's' is standard, and the 'ḵ' is a guttural sound made in the back of the throat, similar to the 'ch' in Scottish 'loch'.
Yes, if the subscription involves a formal agreement or terms of service that are legally binding, then 'فسخ' could be used, especially in the official documentation. However, in casual conversation, 'لغو کردن' (to cancel) might be more common for subscriptions.
Opposites include 'اجرا' (ejrā - execution/implementation), 'اعتبار' (e'tebār - validity), 'تعهد' (ta'ahod - commitment), and 'استمرار' (estemrār - continuation). These represent the state of an agreement being active and binding, which is what 'فسخ' brings to an end.
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Summary
The Persian word 'فسخ' (fasḵ) signifies the formal act of terminating or annulling a contract, agreement, or official status. It is predominantly used in legal, business, and governmental contexts to denote the official ending of something that was previously binding, such as 'فسخ قرارداد' (contract termination) or 'فسخ نکاح' (marriage annulment).
- 'فسخ' means the formal termination or annulment of a contract, agreement, or official status.
- It's primarily used in legal, business, and official contexts.
- It implies an official end to something that was previously binding.
- 'فسخ کردن' is the common verb phrase for 'to terminate'.
Formal Register is Key
Remember that 'فسخ' is a formal word. Avoid using it in casual conversations or for everyday cancellations. Stick to contexts involving contracts, legal agreements, or official decisions.
Verb Combinations
The most common ways to use 'فسخ' as a verb are 'فسخ کردن' (to terminate) and 'فسخ شدن' (to be terminated). Pay attention to which one fits your sentence's active or passive voice.
Legal and Business Domains
You'll encounter 'فسخ' most frequently in legal documents, business contracts, court proceedings, and official government communications. Understanding these domains will help you recognize its usage.
Vs. Lugh (لغو)
Differentiate 'فسخ' from 'لغو' (cancellation). 'فسخ' implies a formal termination of a binding agreement, while 'لغو' is a more general cancellation of events or plans.
Related Content
This Word in Other Languages
More business words
عادتأ
B2As is the custom or habit; customarily.
عامیانه
B2Characteristic of ordinary conversation rather than formal speech or writing; informal.
اعطا کردن
B2To grant or bestow (a right, power, or honor).
اعتبار
A2Credit; the ability of a customer to obtain goods or services before payment.
اعتبار دادن
B1To grant credit or give credibility to someone or something.
اعتبار مالی
B1Financial standing or reputation; available funds.
اعتباراً
B2On credit; by means of credibility.
اعتباردهنده
B2An entity that lends money or provides credit to another party.
اعتبارنامه
B1A qualification, achievement, or personal quality; credential.
اعتباری
B1Relating to credit, especially financial credit; based on trust or reputation.
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