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نقد کردن

B1 verb #3,000 most common 11 min read

نقد کردن

naqd kardan Top 3,000

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips نقد کردن in 30 Seconds

Explanation نقد کردن in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't really need the word 'نقد کردن' (nagh-d kardan) in its complex intellectual sense. However, you might encounter it in its very basic financial form: 'cashing money.' At this stage, you should just recognize that 'Naghd' means 'Cash.' If you go to a bank, you might hear this word. You won't be expected to use it in essays or debates yet. Instead of 'naghd kardan,' an A1 learner would simply say 'نظر من' (my opinion) or 'خوب است' (it is good). Focus on the root word 'Naghd' (Cash) first. For example, 'پول نقد' (cash money) is a very useful A1 phrase. Think of 'naghd kardan' as a 'super-word' that you will use later when you want to sound more professional. For now, just remember: Naghd = Cash, and 'kardan' makes it an action. If you see it on a sign at a store, it might say 'فقط نقد' (Only Cash).

As an A2 learner, you are starting to use compound verbs more frequently. You might begin to use 'نقد کردن' (nagh-d kardan) when talking about simple transactions. If you have a check from a friend, you can say 'من چک را نقد می‌کنم' (I am cashing the check). This is a practical, everyday use. You might also start to see the word in the titles of YouTube videos or simple news headlines about movies. You don't need to perform a deep analysis yet, but you should understand when someone says 'این فیلم را نقد کن' (Critique this movie), they are asking for your opinion in a slightly more formal way. You should be able to conjugate it in the present and past simple tenses. 'من نقد کردم' (I critiqued) and 'او نقد می‌کند' (He/She critiques). It's a step up from 'nazar dadan' (giving an opinion) and shows you are building a more 'adult' vocabulary.

At the B1 level—your current level—'نقد کردن' (nagh-d kardan) becomes a key tool for expressing complex thoughts. You are now expected to move beyond simple 'like' or 'dislike.' You should use this verb to describe the act of analyzing a book, a movie, or a social issue. You understand that 'naghd' isn't just complaining; it's a balanced look at something. You can now use it with adverbs like 'منصفانه' (fairly) or 'دقیق' (accurately). You also understand the distinction between this and 'انتقاد کردن' (to criticize/complain). In a B1 conversation, if you say 'می‌خواهم این مقاله را نقد کنم,' you are signaling that you have something intelligent and structured to say. This is also the level where you should be comfortable using it in the subjunctive mood: 'باید نقد کنیم' (we must critique). You are starting to participate in the 'intellectual' side of Persian culture.

At B2, you are becoming fluent in the nuances of 'نقد کردن' (nagh-d kardan). You don't just use the word; you understand the different *types* of critique. You can talk about 'نقد ادبی' (literary criticism) or 'نقد اجتماعی' (social critique) with ease. You can use the word in more complex grammatical structures, such as passive forms ('این طرح نقد شد' - this plan was critiqued) or causative structures. You are also aware of the cultural importance of 'Naghd' in Iranian history—how intellectuals have used it to push for social change. In a business context, you can use it to discuss liquidating assets or 'cashing out' investments during a market shift. Your vocabulary is rich enough that you can use 'naghd kardan' as a springboard into deeper discussions about philosophy or economics. You no longer confuse it with 'enteghad' because you understand the social 'register' of each word perfectly.

At the C1 level, 'نقد کردن' (nagh-d kardan) is a word you use with precision and stylistic flair. You might use more advanced variations like 'به نقد کشیدن' (to bring to critique) to add a literary touch to your writing. You can engage in high-level academic debates where 'naghd' is the primary method of discourse. You understand the philosophical implications of the word—how it relates to the 'Critiques' of Immanuel Kant (translated into Persian as 'Sanjesh' or 'Naghd'). You can write a formal review for a Persian journal using this verb to structure your arguments. Your understanding of the financial meaning is also sophisticated; you can discuss the 'liquidity' (naq-d-inegi) of a market and how 'naghd kardan' assets affects the national economy. You are a 'Naghad' (critic) in your own right, able to dissect language and culture with the tools this verb provides.

At the C2 level, 'نقد کردن' (nagh-d kardan) is part of your mastery of the Persian 'intellectual' register. You can use it to deconstruct complex post-modern texts or to discuss the historical evolution of the word from its Arabic roots to its modern Iranian usage. You can use it ironically, metaphorically, or in highly technical legal and financial documents. You understand the subtle differences between 'naghd', 'sanjesh', 'tahlil', and 'arzyabi' so well that you can choose the exact right word for every specific shade of meaning. You can read the works of famous Iranian critics like Abdolhossein Zarrinkoub and see how they 'naghd' centuries of Persian poetry. For you, the word is no longer just a verb; it is a concept that represents the Iranian tradition of balance, testing, and intellectual honesty. You can navigate any conversation, from a high-stakes bank negotiation to a PhD defense, using this word with total native-level confidence.

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips

نقد کردن in 30 Seconds

A versatile verb meaning to critique or analyze works of art, literature, and ideas professionally.
A common financial term meaning to cash a check or liquidate assets into ready money.
Distinguished from 'enteghad' (criticizing) by being more analytical and less focused on fault-finding.
Essential for B1+ learners to participate in academic, artistic, and formal social discussions.

The Persian verb نقد کردن (nagh-d kardan) is a sophisticated compound verb that carries significant weight in both intellectual and practical Persian discourse. At its core, it refers to the act of evaluating, analyzing, or critiquing a subject—most commonly a piece of literature, a film, a political theory, or an artistic performance. However, a fascinating linguistic duality exists: in everyday commercial life, it also means 'to cash out' or 'to turn into ready money.' For a B1 learner, mastering this word involves navigating these two distinct worlds: the world of the mind and the world of the market.

Intellectual Context: In academic and artistic circles, this verb is used to describe a deep, objective analysis. Unlike 'enteghad kardan' (انتقاد کردن), which can often imply finding fault or complaining, naghd kardan suggests a balanced examination of both strengths and weaknesses.

استاد امروز در کلاس، رمان جدید را به دقت نقد کرد.
(The professor carefully critiqued the new novel in class today.)

When you use this word in a discussion about cinema or literature, you are signaling that you are engaging in a professional or semi-professional level of discourse. It is the language of the 'Naghad' (نقد) or critic. It implies a methodology—you aren't just saying you liked it; you are breaking down the structure, the themes, and the execution. In the modern Iranian digital space, you will see this word used in 'Naghd-e Film' (film reviews) or 'Naghd-e Ketab' (book reviews) sections of websites like Filimo or Digikala Mag.

Financial Context: In the bazaar or at a bank, naghd kardan refers to the process of cashing a check (cheque) or selling an asset to get cash. It comes from the word 'Naghd' meaning 'Cash'.

من باید این چک را تا فردا نقد کنم.
(I need to cash this check by tomorrow.)

Understanding the root is helpful. The Arabic root N-Q-D (ن-ق-د) originally referred to testing coins to see if they were genuine—striking them to hear the ring of true metal. This beautifully links the two modern meanings: whether you are testing the validity of an idea (critiquing) or testing the value of a currency (cashing), you are looking for the 'truth' or the 'essence' of the thing. In a society that values intellectual debate like Iran, being able to 'naghd' effectively is a sign of high education and social standing.

او همیشه سیاست‌های دولت را با انصاف نقد می‌کند.
(He always critiques the government's policies fairly.)

Register and Usage: This is a formal to semi-formal verb. While you can use it with friends when discussing a movie, it sounds much more 'educated' than simply saying 'nazar dadan' (to give an opinion). It is essential for university students and professionals.

آیا می‌توانی این مقاله را برای من نقد کنی؟
(Can you critique this article for me?)

Finally, remember that 'naghd kardan' is a compound verb. The 'naghd' part stays the same, while the 'kardan' (to do) part conjugates for person, tense, and mood. This makes it structurally similar to hundreds of other Persian verbs you already know, like 'kar kardan' or 'sohbat kardan'. The 600-word threshold of understanding this word requires you to see it not just as a dictionary entry, but as a bridge between the analytical mind and the practical world of Iranian life.

Using 'نقد کردن' (nagh-d kardan) correctly requires an understanding of its objects. In Persian grammar, this is a transitive verb, meaning it usually takes a direct object—the thing being critiqued. This object is often followed by the post-position 'ra' (را). Let's explore the various syntactic environments where you will encounter this word, ranging from simple present tenses to complex conditional structures.

The Literary Critique: When critiquing a book, the focus is on the author's style, the plot, and the characters. You might say: 'Man in ketab ra naghd mikonam' (I critique this book).

منتقدان سینما فیلم جدید اصغر فرهادی را به تندی نقد کردند.
(The cinema critics sharply critiqued Asghar Farhadi's new film.)

Notice the use of 'be tondi' (sharply/harshly) as an adverb. You can modify 'naghd kardan' with various adverbs to show the intensity or nature of the critique: 'be deghat' (carefully), 'monsefaneh' (fairly), or 'bi-rahemaneh' (mercilessly). This allows you to express not just the action of critiquing, but your attitude towards that action.

The Financial Transaction: In a bank, you don't use 'ra' as often if the context is clear, but it is still grammatically correct. 'Check ra naghd kardan' is the standard phrase for cashing a check.

بانک اجازه نداد که من چک را نقد کنم.
(The bank did not allow me to cash the check.)

Here, we see the subjunctive mood ('naghd konam') because it follows a verb of permission/prevention. This is a common pattern for B1 learners. You might also hear it in the future tense: 'Farda pul-am ra naghd khaham kard' (Tomorrow I will liquidate/cash my money/assets).

Social and Political Discourse: In political talk shows or Twitter (X) debates, you'll hear 'Naghd-e Amalkard' (critiquing performance). It's used to hold people in power accountable through analysis.

ما باید بتوانیم عقاید یکدیگر را بدون توهین نقد کنیم.
(We must be able to critique each other's beliefs without insulting.)

In higher-level writing, 'naghd kardan' can be replaced by 'be naghd keshidan' (to pull into critique), which is a more poetic and idiomatic way of saying the same thing. For example, 'Nevisandeh dar in ketab, jame'eh ra be naghd mikeshad' (The writer critiques/challenges society in this book). This adds a layer of sophistication to your Persian that will impress native speakers.

اگر مقاله را زودتر می‌فرستادی، آن را نقد می‌کردم.
(If you had sent the article sooner, I would have critiqued it.)

The conditional 'mi-kard-am' shows how the verb adapts to complex hypothetical situations. Whether you are at a university seminar or a bank counter, the structure remains consistent, but the vocabulary surrounding it changes. By practicing these variations, you move from just 'knowing' the word to 'using' it fluently in the flow of conversation.

To truly master 'نقد کردن' (nagh-d kardan), you must recognize its echoes in the environments where it is most prevalent. This isn't just a word found in dictionaries; it's a staple of specific Iranian cultural spheres. From the intellectual buzz of Enqelab Street in Tehran to the fast-paced financial districts, you will encounter this word daily if you know where to listen.

1. The University and Academic Life: In any Persian-speaking university, 'Naghd' is a discipline. You will hear students saying, 'In nazariyeh ra chetor mitavan naghd kard?' (How can one critique this theory?). It is used in philosophy, literature, and social sciences constantly.

جلسه‌ی نقد و بررسی کتاب فردا برگزار می‌شود.
(The book review and critique session will be held tomorrow.)

The phrase 'Naghd o Barrasi' (Critique and Review) is a fixed collocation. You'll see it on posters for events at the 'Khaneh-ye Honarmandan' (House of Artists) or in the titles of YouTube videos analyzing the latest movies. It implies a formal, structured discussion.

2. Media and Journalism: Iranian newspapers like 'Shargh' or 'Etemad' have entire sections dedicated to 'Naghd'. On television, programs like 'Haft' (Seven), which focuses on cinema, are entirely built around 'naghd kardan'.

روزنامه‌ها عملکرد تیم ملی را به شدت نقد کردند.
(The newspapers heavily critiqued the national team's performance.)

In these contexts, the word is often associated with the 'Roshankaf' (intellectual) class. If you use this word, you are identifying yourself as someone who looks beneath the surface. It is also used in 'Naghd-e Adabi' (literary criticism), a major field of study in Iran, which has a long history going back to the early 20th-century modernization.

3. The Banking and Business Sector: This is the more pragmatic side. If you have a 'Check-e Sayadi' (a specific type of Iranian check) or a 'Sajad' stock market asset, you need to 'naghd' it to get Rials. You'll hear this in the 'Bazaar-e Sarmayeh' (capital market).

او تمام طلاهایش را برای خرید خانه نقد کرد.
(She cashed in/sold all her gold to buy a house.)

Finally, in the age of social media, 'naghd kardan' has moved to platforms like Instagram and Telegram. Influencers 'naghd' beauty products, tech geeks 'naghd' the latest iPhone, and political activists 'naghd' social trends. The word has become democratized, but it still carries that original sense of 'testing the metal'—trying to find out if something is truly worth what it claims to be. Whether it's a 13th-century poem by Rumi or a 21st-century cryptocurrency, the Persian speaker uses 'naghd kardan' to find its value.

Learning 'نقد کردن' (nagh-d kardan) presents a few traps for English speakers, primarily because of its dual meaning and its proximity to other similar-sounding words. To speak like a native, you must distinguish between 'critiquing' and 'criticizing,' and between 'cash' and 'critique.' Here are the most common pitfalls to avoid.

1. Naghd vs. Enteghad: This is the biggest mistake. 'Naghd kardan' is an analytical critique (often neutral or constructive). 'Enteghad kardan' is more often negative criticism or complaining. If you tell a friend 'I want to naghd your behavior,' it sounds like you're writing a thesis on them. Use 'enteghad' for personal complaints.

اشتباه: من از دست تو نقد می‌کنم. (غلط)
درست: من از تو انتقاد می‌کنم. (صحیح)
(Mistake: I critique you [as a complaint]. Correct: I criticize you.)

English speakers often use 'critique' and 'criticize' interchangeably, but in Persian, the distinction is sharper. Naghd is professional; Enteghad is personal or corrective. If you 'naghd' a film, you talk about its lighting. If you 'enteghad' a film, you say it was a waste of time.

2. Misusing the Financial Meaning: Don't use 'naghd kardan' to mean 'to pay cash.' To pay in cash is 'naghd pardakht kardan' or simply 'naghd dadan'. 'Naghd kardan' is specifically the act of *receiving* cash by cashing a check or selling an asset.

اشتباه: من نان را نقد کردم. (غلط - یعنی نان را به پول تبدیل کردم!)
درست: من پول نان را نقدی دادم. (صحیح)
(Mistake: I cashed the bread. Correct: I paid for the bread in cash.)

Another subtle mistake is the preposition. When critiquing *someone's work*, use the 'ra' (direct object) marker. Don't say 'naghd kardan be...' (critique to...). For example, 'Man ketab ra naghd kardam' is correct. Using 'be' makes it sound like you are directing a critique *at* something, which is a common interference from English 'criticize to/at'.

اشتباه: او به فیلم نقد کرد.
درست: او فیلم را نقد کرد.
(Mistake: He critiqued to the film. Correct: He critiqued the film.)

Lastly, be careful with the word 'Naghad' (critic). It looks like the verb but is a noun. Don't say 'U naghad ast' if you mean 'He critiqued.' Say 'U naghd kard.' The noun 'Naghad' is the person's profession. Mastering these nuances will prevent you from sounding like a beginner and help you navigate the complex social codes of Iranian intellectual life.

In Persian, precision is key. While 'نقد کردن' (nagh-d kardan) is a powerful and versatile verb, there are several other words that cover similar ground. Choosing the right one depends on whether you are in a laboratory, a courtroom, a coffee shop, or a bank. Let's compare 'naghd kardan' with its closest linguistic cousins.

Barrasi Kardan (بررسی کردن): Meaning: To investigate, check, or examine. While 'naghd' is about evaluating quality and meaning, 'barrasi' is more about checking facts or status. You 'barrasi' your bank balance, but you 'naghd' a poem.

پلیس مدارک را بررسی کرد.
(The police investigated/checked the documents.)

Tahlil Kardan (تحلیل کردن): Meaning: To analyze. This is very close to 'naghd', but it's more scientific or data-driven. You 'tahlil' data or chemical substances. 'Naghd' is more common for humanities and arts.

او داده‌های آماری را تحلیل کرد.
(He analyzed the statistical data.)

The difference is subtle but important. If you are 'tahlil'-ing, you are breaking something down into its components to see how it works. If you are 'naghd'-ing, you are doing that *and* then passing a judgment on its value or success.

Arzyabi Kardan (ارزیابی کردن): Meaning: To evaluate or assess. This is used for performance reviews at work or assessing the damage after an accident. It's more about assigning a score or a value than providing a deep literary critique.

مدیر عملکرد کارمندان را ارزیابی می‌کند.
(The manager evaluates the employees' performance.)

Finally, let's look at the financial side. Instead of 'naghd kardan' a check, you could say 'vosul kardan' (وصول کردن), which means 'to collect' or 'to realize' a payment. It is a more formal banking term. If you are selling something to get cash quickly, you might use 'ab kardan' (آب کردن - literally 'to melt'), which is slang for selling something (like gold or a stolen item) to get fast cash. However, 'naghd kardan' remains the most standard and versatile term for both intellectual and financial 'realization'.

How Formal Is It?

Fun Fact

The word 'Naghd' is related to the concept of 'purity'. Just as a goldsmith tests gold, a critic tests the purity of an idea.

Pronunciation Guide

UK /næɢd kæɾˈdæn/

US /næɡd kɑːrˈdæn/

Primary stress is on the last syllable: kar-DAN. Secondary stress on the first syllable: NAGHD.

Rhymes With

سرد کردن (sard kardan) طرد کردن (tard kardan) گرد کردن (gerd kardan) درد کردن (dard kardan) نبرد کردن (nabard kardan) زرد کردن (zard kardan) مرد کردن (mard kardan) پرد کردن (pard kardan)

Common Errors

Pronouncing 'gh' as a hard 'g' (like goat).
Putting stress on the first part 'naghd' instead of the end of the verb.
Merging the two words into one without a slight break.
Mispronouncing the 'a' in 'naghd' as an 'o'.
Failing to flap the 'r' in 'kardan'.

Difficulty Rating

Reading 3/5

Easy to recognize in texts once you know the 'Naghd' root.

Writing 4/5

Requires correct use of 'ra' and proper conjugation of 'kardan'.

Speaking 4/5

The 'gh' sound can be tricky for English speakers.

Listening 3/5

Common in news and intellectual shows.

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

پول (money) کتاب (book) کردن (to do) نظر (opinion) خوب/بد (good/bad)

Learn Next

انتقاد کردن (to criticize) تحلیل (analysis) بررسی (review) منصفانه (fairly) جامعه (society)

Advanced

ساختارگرایی (structuralism) هرمنوتیک (hermeneutics) نقدینگی (liquidity) وثیقه (collateral)

Grammar to Know

Compound Verb Conjugation

نقد می‌کنم، نقد کردی، نقد کرد.

Direct Object Marker 'ra'

کتاب را نقد کردم.

Subjunctive Mood with Modals

باید نقد کنم.

Passive Voice Construction

نقد شد (was critiqued).

Adverb Placement

به دقت نقد کردن.

Examples by Level

من پول نقد دارم.

I have cash money.

Simple noun 'naghd' (cash).

آیا این چک نقد است؟

Is this check cashed/valid?

Adjective use of 'naghd'.

او چک را نقد می‌کند.

He cashes the check.

Present simple tense.

من نقد می‌خواهم.

I want cash.

Direct object 'naghd'.

طلا نقد است.

Gold is (like) cash.

Predicate adjective.

او پول را نقد کرد.

He cashed the money.

Past simple tense.

بانک چک را نقد نمی‌کند.

The bank does not cash the check.

Negative present tense.

لطفاً این را نقد کنید.

Please cash this.

Imperative form (formal).

من دیروز چک را نقد کردم.

I cashed the check yesterday.

Past simple with time adverb.

او می‌خواهد فیلم را نقد کند.

He wants to critique the movie.

Subjunctive after 'khastan' (to want).

ما همیشه کتاب‌ها را نقد می‌کنیم.

We always critique the books.

Present habitual with 'hamisheh'.

آیا تو این نقاشی را نقد کردی؟

Did you critique this painting?

Question in past simple.

آن‌ها چک‌های زیادی نقد کردند.

They cashed many checks.

Plural object and verb.

می‌توانم این داستان را نقد کنم؟

Can I critique this story?

Modal verb 'tavanestan' + subjunctive.

او نباید اینقدر تند نقد کند.

He shouldn't critique so harshly.

Modal 'nabayad' + subjunctive.

من فردا پولم را نقد می‌کنم.

I will cash my money tomorrow.

Present used for near future.

استاد مقاله من را به دقت نقد کرد.

The professor critiqued my article carefully.

Use of adverbial phrase 'be deghat'.

اگر وقت داشتم، کتابت را نقد می‌کردم.

If I had time, I would critique your book.

Type 2 conditional (imperfect past).

باید یاد بگیریم چطور منصفانه نقد کنیم.

We must learn how to critique fairly.

Infinitive 'yad gereftan' + subjunctive.

او همیشه سیاست‌های اقتصادی را نقد می‌کند.

He always critiques economic policies.

Abstract direct object.

این فیلم توسط بسیاری از منتقدان نقد شد.

This film was critiqued by many critics.

Passive voice 'naghd shod'.

او چک را نقد کرد تا بدهی‌اش را بدهد.

He cashed the check to pay his debt.

Conjunction 'ta' (so that/to).

نقد کردن آثار هنری کار آسانی نیست.

Critiquing works of art is not an easy task.

Gerund usage (infinitive as subject).

آیا او اجازه دارد این طرح را نقد کند؟

Is he allowed to critique this plan?

Question with 'ejazeh dashtan'.

نویسنده در این فصل، سنت‌های قدیمی را نقد کرده است.

The author has critiqued old traditions in this chapter.

Present perfect tense 'naghd kardeh ast'.

او بدون مطالعه کافی، نظریه را نقد کرد.

He critiqued the theory without enough study.

Prepositional phrase 'bedun-e...'.

بانک مرکزی سیاست‌های جدید را نقد خواهد کرد.

The Central Bank will critique the new policies.

Future tense 'khahad kard'.

او ترجیح می‌دهد به جای انتقاد، نقد کند.

He prefers to critique rather than criticize.

Comparison between 'naghd' and 'enteghad'.

منتقدان ادبی اشعار حافظ را از زوایای مختلف نقد می‌کنند.

Literary critics critique Hafez's poems from different angles.

Advanced prepositional phrase 'az zavaya-ye mokhtalef'.

او تمام دارایی‌هایش را برای سرمایه‌گذاری نقد کرد.

He liquidated all his assets for investment.

Financial context of liquidation.

این مقاله به جای نقد کردن، فقط توهین کرده است.

This article has only insulted instead of critiquing.

Contrastive structure 'be jaye...'.

آیا می‌توانی این گزارش را تا فردا نقد کنی؟

Can you critique this report by tomorrow?

Subjunctive with 'tavanestan' and deadline.

او با رویکردی ساختارگرایانه، رمان را نقد کرد.

He critiqued the novel with a structuralist approach.

Advanced academic vocabulary 'sakhtar-garayaneh'.

نقد کردن قدرت، یکی از وظایف اصلی روشنفکران است.

Critiquing power is one of the main duties of intellectuals.

Abstract philosophical subject.

او در کتاب جدیدش، مبانی مدرنیته را به نقد کشیده است.

In his new book, he has brought the foundations of modernity to critique.

Idiomatic 'be naghd keshidan'.

منتقدان معتقدند که او نتوانسته است به درستی فیلم را نقد کند.

Critics believe he has not been able to properly critique the film.

Complex sentence with 'mo'taghedand ke'.

او با نقد کردن رفتارهای اجتماعی، سعی در اصلاح جامعه دارد.

By critiquing social behaviors, he tries to reform society.

Instrumental use of the gerund.

سرمایه‌گذاران به دلیل ترس از بازار، سهام خود را نقد کردند.

Investors liquidated their stocks due to fear of the market.

Causal phrase 'be dalil-e...'.

هر نقدی که نقد نیست؛ باید اصول علمی را رعایت کرد.

Not every critique is a (true) critique; one must follow scientific principles.

Rhetorical structure.

او با مهارتی خاص، لایه‌های پنهان داستان را نقد کرد.

With a special skill, he critiqued the hidden layers of the story.

Metaphorical language.

او در رساله‌ی خود، هرمنوتیک متن را به چالش کشیده و نقد کرد.

In his thesis, he challenged and critiqued the hermeneutics of the text.

High-level academic terminology.

نقد کردن بی‌پروای دولت در آن دوران، شجاعت زیادی می‌طلبید.

Critiquing the government fearlessly in that era required great courage.

Adjective 'bi-parva' (fearless) modifying the gerund.

او با نگاهی پساساختاری، مفاهیم بنیادین زبان را نقد می‌کند.

With a post-structuralist gaze, he critiques the fundamental concepts of language.

Post-modern philosophical context.

نقد کردن آثار کلاسیک بدون در نظر گرفتن بستر تاریخی، اشتباه است.

Critiquing classic works without considering the historical context is a mistake.

Complex conditional-style statement.

او در یک گفتگوی رادیویی، کل نظام آموزشی را نقد کرد.

In a radio conversation, he critiqued the entire educational system.

Broad systemic object.

توانایی نقد کردن خویشتن، نشانه‌ی بلوغ فکری است.

The ability to critique oneself is a sign of intellectual maturity.

Reflexive object 'khishtan'.

او با نقد کردنِ نقد، وارد حوزه‌ی فرا-نقد شد.

By critiquing the critique, he entered the field of meta-critique.

Meta-linguistic usage.

او برای تأمین وثیقه، ملک خود را به سرعت نقد کرد.

To provide bail, he quickly liquidated his property.

Legal and financial high-level context.

Common Collocations

نقد و بررسی

نقد ادبی

نقد منصفانه

نقد تند

نقد سازنده

نقد کردن چک

نقد کردن دارایی

نقد فیلم

نقد سیاست

نقد بی‌رحمانه

Common Phrases

نقدش را بنویس

— Write a review of it. Commonly said to writers or students.

بعد از خواندن کتاب، نقدش را بنویس.

چک نقد نمی‌شود

— The check cannot be cashed (usually due to lack of funds).

متأسفانه چک نقد نمی‌شود.

نقد کردن به جای تخریب

— Critiquing instead of destroying/insulting. A common social plea.

باید یاد بگیریم نقد کنیم به جای تخریب.

نقد فنی

— Technical critique. Used in engineering or sports.

او بازی را از لحاظ فنی نقد کرد.

نقد روانشناختی

— Psychological critique. Used in literary theory.

این رمان نیاز به نقد روانشناختی دارد.

نقد ساختاری

— Structural critique. Focusing on the framework of a work.

نقد ساختاری او بسیار دقیق بود.

فرصت نقد

— Opportunity to critique. Used in debates.

به من فرصت نقد بدهید.

نقد درونی

— Internal critique. Analyzing something based on its own logic.

او نقد درونی بر این مذهب نوشت.

نقد بیرونی

— External critique. Analyzing something based on outside standards.

نقد بیرونی او با واقعیت نمی‌خواند.

نقد کردنِ خود

— Self-critique. Essential for personal growth.

او همیشه خودش را نقد می‌کند.

Often Confused With

نقد کردن vs انتقاد کردن (enteghad kardan)

Means 'to criticize' (often negatively). Naghd is more analytical.

نقد کردن vs نقاشی کردن (naghashi kardan)

Sounds similar but means 'to paint'.

نقد کردن vs نقل کردن (naghl kardan)

Sounds similar but means 'to quote' or 'to narrate'.

Idioms & Expressions

"به نقد کشیدن"

— To subject something to intense scrutiny or critique.

او تمام تاریخ را به نقد کشید.

Literary

"نقد را به نسیه نفروختن"

— Do not trade a sure thing (cash/present) for a promise (credit/future).

من نقد را به نسیه نمی‌فروشم.

Proverbial

"نقدِ جان"

— One's very life or soul (used poetically as a valuable asset).

او نقد جان را فدای دوست کرد.

Poetic

"نقدِ وقت"

— The value of the present moment.

نقدِ وقت را غنیمت شمار.

Poetic

"دستِ نقد"

— Ready cash/Ready for immediate use.

او با دستِ نقد وارد بازار شد.

Informal

"نقدِ علی‌الحساب"

— An immediate partial payment.

او مبلغی را به صورت نقد علی‌الحساب گرفت.

Business

"نقدِ بازار"

— The current state or 'truth' of the market.

او نقدِ بازار را می‌شناسد.

Commercial

"نقدِ سخن"

— The core truth or critique of a speech.

نقدِ سخنِ او بسیار تلخ بود.

Literary

"نقد کردنِ کلام"

— To analyze someone's words deeply.

او کلام پیر را نقد کرد.

Sufi/Poetic

"نقدِ روزگار"

— The current circumstances or the 'critique' of time.

نقدِ روزگار با ما سرِ سازگاری ندارد.

Poetic

Easily Confused

نقد کردن vs نقد (Naghd)

Double meaning.

Can mean 'critique' (abstract) or 'cash' (concrete). Context determines which.

نقدِ کتاب (Book critique) vs پولِ نقد (Cash money).

نقد کردن vs انتقاد (Enteghad)

Semantic similarity.

Enteghad is usually a complaint; Naghd is an analysis.

انتقاد از رفتار (Criticizing behavior) vs نقدِ فیلم (Critiquing a film).

نقد کردن vs بررسی (Barrasi)

Both involve looking at something.

Barrasi is checking/investigating; Naghd is evaluating/judging.

بررسی مدارک (Checking docs) vs نقدِ نظریه (Critiquing a theory).

نقد کردن vs تحلیل (Tahlil)

Both involve deep thought.

Tahlil is breaking down components; Naghd is assigning value.

تحلیلِ خون (Blood analysis) vs نقدِ شعر (Poetry critique).

نقد کردن vs ارزیابی (Arzyabi)

Both involve evaluation.

Arzyabi is usually for scores/performance; Naghd is for qualitative review.

ارزیابیِ سالانه (Annual review) vs نقدِ هنری (Art critique).

Sentence Patterns

من [Noun] نقد دارم.

من پول نقد دارم.

من [Noun] را نقد می‌کنم.

من چک را نقد می‌کنم.

او [Noun] را به دقت نقد کرد.

او مقاله را به دقت نقد کرد.

باید [Noun] را نقد کنیم.

باید فیلم را نقد کنیم.

[Noun] توسط [Person] نقد شد.

کتاب توسط استاد نقد شد.

نویسنده [Concept] را به نقد کشیده است.

نویسنده سنت را به نقد کشیده است.

نقد کردنِ [Abstract Noun] کار دشواری است.

نقد کردنِ مدرنیته کار دشواری است.

با رویکردی [Adjective]، [Noun] را نقد کرد.

با رویکردی فلسفی، متن را نقد کرد.

Word Family

Nouns

نقد (naghd - critique/cash)

ناقد (naghad - critic)

منتقد (monteghad - critic)

نقدینگی (naghdinegi - liquidity)

Verbs

نقد کردن (naghd kardan - to critique/cash)

انتقاد کردن (enteghad kardan - to criticize)

Adjectives

نقدی (naghdi - cash-based)

انتقادی (enteghadi - critical)

نقدپذیر (naghd-pazir - open to critique)

بررسی

تحلیل

سنجش

عیار

بها

How to Use It

frequency

High in intellectual, media, and financial domains.

Common Mistakes

Using 'naghd kardan' to mean 'to complain'. → Use 'enteghad kardan' or 'shekayat kardan'.
Naghd is analytical; it's not just about being unhappy.
Saying 'Man be film naghd kardam'. → Man film ra naghd kardam.
It takes a direct object with 'ra', not a prepositional 'be'.
Using it for 'paying cash' at a store. → Naghd pardakht kardan.
Naghd kardan means converting *to* cash, not giving cash.
Confusing 'Naghad' (critic) with 'Naghd kard' (he critiqued). → U naghad ast (He is a critic).
Naghad is the noun/profession.
Pronouncing it like 'Nak-d'. → Nagh-d (with a voiced 'gh').
The 'gh' sound is essential for correct Persian pronunciation.

Tips

The 'ra' Rule

Always remember that when you critique a specific thing, that thing needs the 'ra' marker. 'Ketab ra naghd kardam'.

Pair with Review

You will often see 'Naghd' paired with 'Barrasi'. Using them together makes you sound very professional: 'Naghd o Barrasi'.

Fairness Matters

In Iranian culture, being a 'fair' critic (Naghad-e Monsef) is highly respected. Use the word 'monsefaneh' often.

Check Cashing

If you are at an Iranian bank, 'Naghd kardan' is the standard verb for getting your money from a check.

Academic Tone

Use 'naghd kardan' in university essays to show you are performing an analysis rather than just giving an opinion.

The 'gh' Sound

Make sure your 'gh' isn't too soft. It should be a distinct, voiced sound from the back of the throat.

Self-Critique

Saying 'Man khodam ra naghd mikonam' shows humility and a desire for growth, which is valued.

Context is King

If you're in a bank, it's about money. If you're in a cinema, it's about art. The verb is the same!

Advanced Phrasing

Try using 'be naghd keshidan' in your writing to stand out as an advanced learner.

Mnemonic

Associate 'Naghd' with 'Net'—you are catching the 'net' value or the 'net' truth of something.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of 'Naghd' as 'Naked'. When you critique someone, you strip their ideas naked to see the truth. When you cash a check, you strip away the paper to see the 'naked' cash.

Visual Association

Imagine a critic wearing glasses looking at a movie screen, and then imagine that same person handing a check to a bank teller. Both are 'Naghd Kardan'.

Word Web

Art Money Analysis Bank Review Logic Check Truth

Challenge

Write three sentences: one critiquing a movie, one about cashing a check, and one about a 'fair critique'.

Word Origin

From the Arabic root N-Q-D (ن-ق-د). In Arabic, it originally meant to separate good coins from bad ones by striking them or testing them.

Original meaning: To test, to sort, to distinguish genuine from counterfeit.

Semitic (root) integrated into Indo-European (Persian) compound verb structure.

Cultural Context

Be careful when 'naghd'-ing religious or political figures in Iran; use 'enteghad' for softer, more personal opinions if you want to be less formal.

In English, 'critique' sounds very formal, while 'criticize' is common. In Persian, 'naghd' is the go-to word for any serious review.

نقد ادبی (Literary Criticism) by Abdolhossein Zarrinkoub برنامه هفت (TV show focused on film critique) Modern Persian social media 'Naghd' culture

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

At the Bank

می‌خواهم این چک را نقد کنم.
کارمزد نقد کردن چقدر است؟
آیا این چک نقد می‌شود؟
پول نقد بدهید.

Literature Class

این رمان را نقد کنید.
نقد ادبی این اثر چیست؟
نویسنده جامعه را نقد می‌کند.
نقد شما بسیار دقیق بود.

Cinema/Movie Night

بیا فیلم را نقد کنیم.
منتقدان این فیلم را دوست نداشتند.
نقد تندی بر این فیلم نوشتند.
فیلم از لحاظ فنی نقد شد.

Political Discussion

سیاست‌های دولت را نقد کردیم.
باید اجازه نقد داده شود.
نقد منصفانه لازم است.
او عملکرد وزیر را نقد کرد.

Personal Growth

من خودم را نقد می‌کنم.
نقدپذیر باش.
نقد تو به من کمک کرد.
دوست دارم نقدت را بشنوم.

Conversation Starters

"نظر تو درباره فیلم جدید چیست؟ بیا نقدش کنیم."

"آیا تا به حال سعی کرده‌ای یک کتاب را به صورت حرفه‌ای نقد کنی؟"

"به نظر تو بهترین راه برای نقد کردنِ یک دوست چیست؟"

"چرا در جامعه ما نقد کردن گاهی با توهین اشتباه گرفته می‌شود؟"

"آیا امروز توانستی چک بانکی‌ات را نقد کنی؟"

Journal Prompts

امروز یک فیلم یا کتاب که اخیراً دیده‌ای یا خوانده‌ای را به طور کامل نقد کن.

درباره اهمیت نقد کردن در یک جامعه آزاد بنویس.

آیا تو آدم نقدپذیری هستی؟ تجربیات خود را بنویس.

تفاوت بین نقد کردن و انتقاد کردن را با مثال‌هایی از زندگی خودت توضیح بده.

اگر می‌توانستی یکی از قوانین کشورت را نقد کنی، کدام را انتخاب می‌کردی و چرا؟

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

No, not at all. In fact, a good 'naghd' should be balanced, highlighting both strengths and weaknesses. It is an analytical process, not an attack.

Usually, you critique a person's *work*, *ideas*, or *performance*. Critiquing a person directly sounds very formal and academic. Use 'enteghad' for personal behavior.

Yes, but only in the sense of 'cashing' a check or selling something for cash. You wouldn't 'critique' a carpet in the bazaar using this word unless you were an art historian.

Both mean 'critic'. 'Naghad' is more traditional/literary, while 'Monteghad' is more common in modern journalism and cinema.

Yes, you can write a 'naghd' of a restaurant's food and service, similar to a professional food review.

The 'cashing' meaning is very common. The 'critique' meaning is common among educated people, students, and in the media.

You say 'Naghd-e sazandeh' (نقد سازنده).

No. To pay cash is 'naghd pardakht kardan'. 'Naghd kardan' is to *get* cash from something else.

Yes, 'naghd shodeh' (critiqued/cashed).

It means 'liquidity' in an economic sense—how much cash is flowing in the economy.