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A1 verb 9 min read

habis

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips habis in 30 Seconds

Explanation habis in your Level:

400+w

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips

habis in 30 Seconds

Habis means finished, used up, or ran out.
Commonly used for food, money, time, and resources.
Indicates a state of completion or depletion.
Essential for basic Indonesian communication.

Understanding "Habis"

The Indonesian word "habis" is a versatile term that commonly translates to "finished," "used up," or "ran out." It signifies the completion of something or the depletion of a resource. You'll hear it in everyday conversations, from discussing food supplies to the end of a movie or the exhaustion of a battery. It's a fundamental word for expressing that something is no longer available or has reached its conclusion.

Basic Meaning: When something has been completely consumed, used, or has come to an end.
Common Scenarios: Talking about food, drinks, money, time, energy, or any finite resource.

Makanan saya sudah habis.

My food is finished.

Imagine you're at a restaurant and the waiter tells you, "Maaf, nasi gorengnya sudah habis." This means they've run out of fried rice. Or, if your phone battery indicator shows zero, you'd say, "Baterai saya habis." It indicates a state of completion or depletion. This word is incredibly useful for expressing the simple fact that something is no longer available or has ended.

Beyond Resources: It can also refer to the end of an event or a period of time. For example, "Acara sudah habis" means the event is over.
Figurative Use: Sometimes, it's used metaphorically, like "Kesabaran saya sudah habis" (My patience has run out).

Waktu ujian sudah habis.

The exam time is finished.

Understanding "habis" is crucial for grasping basic Indonesian communication. It's a word you'll encounter constantly, so getting a firm grasp of its various applications will significantly boost your comprehension and fluency.

Constructing Sentences with "Habis"

Using "habis" in sentences is generally straightforward, especially at the A1 CEFR level. It often follows the noun or pronoun it modifies, or it can stand alone to indicate completion. Here are several common sentence structures:

Subject + Habis: This is the simplest form. The subject is what has finished or run out.

Air habis.

The water is finished.

Noun + Habis: Similar to the above, but explicitly stating the item that is gone.

Buku itu habis.

That book is finished (e.g., all copies sold).

Subject + Habis + Object (less common for simple A1): While "habis" can sometimes take an object, for A1 learners, it's more about the state of being finished. For instance, one might say "Saya habis makan" (I finished eating), but the core meaning of "habis" here is the state of being done with the action.

Uang saya habis.

My money is finished/gone.

Adding modifiers like "sudah" (already) is very common and emphasizes that the state of being finished has already occurred. For example, "Sudah habis" is a complete statement meaning "It's already finished."

Using "Habis" with Verbs (Past Participle Sense): While "habis" is primarily an adjective or adverb indicating completion, it can sometimes be used in a way that implies a completed action, particularly with common verbs. For example, "Saya habis makan" implies "I have just finished eating." The focus is on the state of having completed the action.

Bensin mobil sudah habis.

The car's gasoline has run out.

Mastering these basic structures will allow you to communicate effectively when something is finished or gone. Practice constructing your own sentences using these patterns.

Real-World Usage of "Habis"

"Habis" is one of those indispensable words that you'll encounter constantly in everyday Indonesian life. Its prevalence makes it a cornerstone for basic comprehension and communication.

At the Market/Store: You'll frequently hear vendors say, "Sudah habis" (It's already finished/sold out) when an item is no longer available. Conversely, a customer might ask, "Apakah masih ada?" (Is there still some?) if they suspect it might be gone.

Wah, roti ini sudah habis!

Wow, this bread is already finished!

In the Kitchen: When cooking or sharing food, someone might announce, "Nasi sudah habis" (The rice is finished) or "Tehnya habis" (The tea is finished/gone).

Mohon maaf, gula kami sudah habis.

We apologize, our sugar has run out.

Discussing Time or Events: When an event concludes, you might hear, "Pertunjukan sudah habis" (The show is over/finished). Or regarding time, "Waktu belajar sudah habis" (The study time is finished).

You'll also hear it in informal settings when discussing personal energy levels: "Saya sudah habis" can mean "I'm exhausted" or "I have no energy left." This is a more figurative use, but still very common.

Referring to Money: A common expression is "Uang saya habis," meaning "My money is gone" or "I'm out of money." This is a very practical use of the word.

Baterai ponsel saya sudah habis.

My phone battery is finished.

The ubiquity of "habis" makes it a high-frequency word. The more you expose yourself to Indonesian, the more you'll hear and understand its various applications.

Avoiding Pitfalls with "Habis"

While "habis" is a relatively simple word, learners can sometimes make mistakes, especially when trying to translate directly from English or when using it in more complex sentence structures. Here are some common errors to watch out for:

Confusing "Habis" with a Verb of Action: English speakers might try to use "habis" as a verb that actively 'finishes' something, similar to 'to finish'. However, in most A1 contexts, "habis" describes a state of being finished or depleted, rather than an active action. For example, saying "Saya habis buku" (I finish book) is incorrect. You would say "Buku saya habis" (My book is finished/gone).

Incorrect: Saya habis makan.
Correct: Saya sudah makan.

The nuance is that "habis makan" implies the state of having just finished eating, whereas "sudah makan" simply means "have eaten" or "already ate." For the state of being finished, "habis" is used.

Overusing "Sudah": While "sudah" (already) often accompanies "habis" to emphasize completion, it's not always necessary. Simply saying "Habis" can be sufficient, especially in contexts where the completion is obvious. For example, if someone asks "Do you have any cookies left?" and you reply "Habis," it's perfectly clear.

Correct: Baterai habis.
Also correct: Baterai sudah habis.

Both are natural, but the first is more concise.

Direct Translation of "Run Out": While "run out" is a good English equivalent, learners might try to construct sentences that don't sound natural in Indonesian. The directness of "habis" is key. Instead of thinking "the milk ran out," think "the milk is finished/gone." The Indonesian structure tends to be more declarative about the state of depletion.

Confusing with "Selesai": "Selesai" also means finished, but it usually refers to completing a task or an activity. "Habis" is more about depletion of a resource or the end of something tangible or a period. For instance, "Pekerjaan saya sudah selesai" (My work is finished/done), but "Bensin mobil sudah habis" (The car's gas is finished/ran out).

Incorrect: Pekerjaan saya sudah habis.
Correct: Pekerjaan saya sudah selesai.

Use "selesai" for tasks and activities, and "habis" for resources and events ending.

By being mindful of these common pitfalls, you can ensure your use of "habis" is accurate and natural-sounding.

Distinguishing "Habis" from Similar Terms

While "habis" is a primary word for "finished" or "run out," Indonesian has other words that convey similar meanings but with important nuances. Understanding these distinctions will help you choose the most appropriate word for your context.

Selesai: Meaning: Finished, completed, done (often refers to tasks, activities, or events).; Usage: Use "selesai" when you have completed a task or when an event has concluded. It emphasizes the act of finishing or the state of being done with an activity.; Example: Pekerjaan saya sudah selesai. (My work is finished.); vs. Habis: You wouldn't say "Bensin mobil sudah selesai." That sounds incorrect because gasoline is a resource, not a task.

Tamat: Meaning: Finished, ended (often used for stories, books, movies, or series).; Usage: "Tamat" is specifically for the conclusion of a narrative or a serial content. It implies a final ending.; Example: Cerita ini sudah tamat. (This story is finished.); vs. Habis: While a movie being over could be described as "filmnya habis," "tamat" is more specific for the narrative conclusion.

Ludes: Meaning: Completely sold out, entirely gone, used up without remainder.; Usage: "Ludes" implies a complete depletion, often used for items in stock or for money that has been entirely spent. It's a stronger version of "habis" in terms of completeness.; Example: Semua barang di toko itu ludes terjual. (All the items in that store were completely sold out.); vs. Habis: If only a few items are gone, you'd say "habis." If every single one is gone, "ludes" is more appropriate. "Uang saya habis" is common, but "uang saya ludes" emphasizes that not a single cent remains.

The meaning of 'habis' is to be finished or run out.

This is the core concept.

Tuntas: Meaning: Thoroughly completed, all accounted for, settled.; Usage: "Tuntas" implies a complete resolution or settlement, often used in contexts like clearing debts or finishing a comprehensive project. It suggests a thorough job done.; Example: Pembayaran utangnya sudah tuntas. (His debt payment is completely settled.); vs. Habis: You wouldn't say "utang saya habis." "Tuntas" signifies a completed obligation, whereas "habis" would imply the money to pay the debt is gone.

While "habis" is a core word for "finished" or "run out," understanding "selesai," "tamat," "ludes," and "tuntas" will allow for more precise and nuanced communication in Indonesian.

How Formal Is It?

Formal

"Cadangan pangan negara tersebut telah habis."

Neutral

"Mohon maaf, buku yang Anda cari sudah habis."

Informal

"Duit gue habis buat beli baju baru."

Child friendly

"Adik, es krimnya sudah habis ya."

Slang

"Nggak ada duit lagi, udah ludes."

Fun Fact

Similar words meaning 'finished' or 'ended' can be found in other Austronesian languages, suggesting a shared linguistic ancestor for the concept of completion.

Pronunciation Guide

UK /ˈhæbɪs/

US /ˈhæbɪs/

First syllable ('ha')

Rhymes With

kabis habis lapis tipis rapis manis kritis praktis

Common Errors

Pronouncing the 'a' as a long 'ah' sound.
Adding an extra syllable or misplacing the stress.
Making the 'i' sound too long.

Difficulty Rating

Reading 1/5

For A1 learners, 'habis' is a very common and straightforward word. Understanding its basic meaning of 'finished' or 'run out' is essential for simple reading comprehension. Texts using 'habis' will likely be about everyday items and situations.

Writing 1/5

At the A1 level, learners can easily incorporate 'habis' into basic sentences to describe depleted items or completed actions. The simple sentence structures make it accessible for early writing practice.

Speaking 1/5

Pronunciation is relatively simple, and the basic sentence structures are easy to produce. Learners can quickly start using 'habis' in spoken conversations to convey simple ideas about things being gone.

Listening 1/5

As a high-frequency word, learners will encounter 'habis' very often in spoken Indonesian. Its clear meaning makes it easy to identify and understand in basic conversations.

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

Saya Ini Itu Ada Air Uang Waktu Makanan Sudah

Learn Next

Menghabiskan Kehabisan Selesai Tuntas Ludes

Advanced

Menguras habis Terkuras habis Habis tak bersisa Habis dimakan zaman Habis gelap terbitlah terang

Grammar to Know

Subject-Predicate Structure

In simple sentences with 'habis', the subject is often followed directly by 'habis'. Example: 'Buku habis.' (Book finished.) This is a common Indonesian sentence structure.

Use of 'Sudah'

'Sudah' (already) is often used with 'habis' to emphasize that the state of completion has been reached. Example: 'Airnya sudah habis.' (The water is already finished.)

Figurative Language

'Habis' can be used metaphorically for abstract concepts like patience or energy. Example: 'Kesabaran saya habis.' (My patience is finished.) The grammatical structure remains similar.

Adverbial Use

While primarily an adjective, 'habis' can function adverbially, often following a verb to describe the completion of an action. Example: 'Dia makan habis.' (He ate it all up.)

Comparison with 'Selesai'

'Selesai' is used for tasks/activities, 'habis' for resources/quantities. Example: 'Pekerjaan selesai.' (Work finished.) vs. 'Bahan habis.' (Ingredients finished.)

Examples by Level

Air minum saya habis.

My drinking water is finished.

Subject (Air minum saya) + Habis. Indicates depletion of a resource.

Kertas sudah habis.

The paper is already finished/gone.

Subject (Kertas) + Sudah + Habis. Emphasizes completion.

Baterai ponsel habis.

The phone battery is finished/dead.

Subject (Baterai ponsel) + Habis. Common for electronic devices.

Gula habis.

The sugar is finished/gone.

Simple Subject + Habis. Direct statement of depletion.

Waktu habis.

The time is finished/up.

Subject (Waktu) + Habis. Used for time limits.

Makanannya habis.

The food is finished.

Subject (Makanannya) + Habis. Refers to consumed food.

Bensin mobil habis.

The car's gasoline is finished/ran out.

Subject (Bensin mobil) + Habis. Indicates a resource has been depleted.

Uang saya habis.

My money is finished/gone.

Subject (Uang saya) + Habis. Refers to financial depletion.

Maaf, kue itu sudah habis.

Sorry, that cake is already finished/sold out.

Subject (kue itu) + Sudah + Habis. Common response when something is unavailable.

Buku cerita anak-anak itu sudah habis di toko.

Those children's storybooks are already finished/sold out at the store.

Subject (Buku cerita anak-anak itu) + Sudah + Habis + di toko. Specifies location of depletion.

Saya tidak bisa membeli lagi karena uang saya sudah habis.

I cannot buy anymore because my money is already finished/gone.

Clause explaining reason: Uang saya sudah habis. Connects depletion to inability to act.

Pertunjukan sudah habis, kita pulang saja.

The show is already over, let's just go home.

Event (Pertunjukan) + Sudah + Habis. Indicates the end of an event.

Bensin motor saya hampir habis.

My motorcycle's gasoline is almost finished/running out.

Subject (Bensin motor saya) + Hampir + Habis. Indicates near depletion.

Semua stok pensil warna sudah habis.

All the stock of colored pencils is already finished/sold out.

Subject (Semua stok pensil warna) + Sudah + Habis. Refers to inventory.

Bahan masakan ini sudah habis, saya harus beli lagi.

The ingredients for this dish are already finished/used up, I have to buy more.

Subject (Bahan masakan ini) + Sudah + Habis. Connects depletion to a necessary action.

Tolong jangan minum semua airnya, nanti habis.

Please don't drink all the water, it will run out later.

Potential future depletion: nanti habis. Warning about future scarcity.

Setelah seharian bekerja, energi saya benar-benar habis.

After working all day, my energy is truly finished/exhausted.

Figurative use: Energi saya benar-benar habis. Expresses extreme exhaustion.

Film yang kami tonton sudah habis ceritanya, sangat menarik.

The story of the movie we watched has finished, it was very interesting.

Using 'habis' for narrative conclusion, often interchangeable with 'tamat' in informal contexts.

Persediaan obat-obatan di apotek itu sudah habis karena permintaan yang tinggi.

The stock of medicines at that pharmacy is already finished/sold out due to high demand.

Subject (Persediaan obat-obatan) + Sudah + Habis + karena [reason]. Explains the cause of depletion.

Habis gelap terbitlah terang, tapi malam ini terasa sangat panjang.

After darkness comes light, but tonight feels very long.

Idiomatic expression: Habis gelap terbitlah terang. 'Habis' here marks the transition.

Semua tiket konser sudah habis terjual dalam waktu singkat.

All concert tickets were sold out in a short time.

Using 'habis terjual' for 'sold out'. Stronger emphasis on complete sale.

Kesabaran saya sudah habis menghadapi kelakuannya.

My patience has run out dealing with his behavior.

Figurative use: Kesabaran saya sudah habis. Expresses loss of patience.

Jika bahan makanan ini habis, kita harus mencari alternatif lain.

If these food ingredients run out, we must find another alternative.

Conditional clause: Jika... habis. Discussing future possibilities of depletion.

Acara televisi favorit saya sudah habis season-nya, saya tidak sabar menunggu musim berikutnya.

My favorite TV show has finished its season, I can't wait for the next season.

Using 'habis season-nya' for the end of a TV season.

Negara itu menghadapi krisis karena cadangan devisanya telah habis.

That country faces a crisis because its foreign exchange reserves have been depleted.

Formal context: Cadangan devisa telah habis. Used in economic or political discourse.

Setelah berdebat panjang, argumennya pun habis tak bersisa.

After a long debate, his arguments were completely exhausted, leaving nothing.

Figurative use: Argumennya pun habis tak bersisa. Emphasizes the complete exhaustion of points.

Proyek pembangunan jembatan itu terhenti karena dana yang dialokasikan telah habis.

The construction project of that bridge stopped because the allocated funds have been depleted.

Subject (dana yang dialokasikan) + Telah + Habis. Formal phrasing for financial depletion halting a project.

Dengan maraknya penipuan online, kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap platform digital perlahan-lahan habis.

With the prevalence of online scams, public trust in digital platforms is slowly being eroded/exhausted.

Figurative use: Kepercayaan... perlahan-lahan habis. Implies gradual loss of trust.

Habis sudah masa kejayaan dinasti tersebut, kini hanya tinggal sejarah.

The golden age of that dynasty has ended, now only history remains.

Emphatic opening: Habis sudah masa kejayaan. Marks a definitive end to an era.

Para ilmuwan sedang mencari solusi sebelum sumber daya alam yang tersisa benar-benar habis.

Scientists are looking for solutions before the remaining natural resources are completely depleted.

Future depletion of resources: benar-benar habis. Urgency in finding solutions.

Dia menceritakan kisahnya sampai akhir, sampai semua kata-katanya habis.

He told his story until the end, until all his words were exhausted.

Figurative use: Sampai semua kata-katanya habis. Implies telling everything one has to say.

Setelah melalui negosiasi alot, kesabaran kedua belah pihak pun hampir habis.

After going through tough negotiations, the patience of both parties was almost exhausted.

Figurative use: Kesabaran... hampir habis. Indicates a critical point in a tense situation.

Krisis ekonomi global telah menguras habis cadangan devisa banyak negara berkembang.

The global economic crisis has depleted the foreign exchange reserves of many developing countries.

Verb phrase: menguras habis. 'Menguras' (to drain) intensifies 'habis', implying thorough depletion.

Perjuangan panjang para aktivis akhirnya membuahkan hasil, meski semangat mereka sempat terkuras habis.

The long struggle of the activists finally bore fruit, even though their spirit had been somewhat drained/exhausted.

Figurative use: semangat mereka sempat terkuras habis. 'Terkuras habis' suggests a deep depletion of energy or will.

Dengan perkembangan teknologi yang pesat, pengetahuan konvensional tentang dunia perlahan-lahan terasa habis.

With the rapid development of technology, conventional knowledge about the world is slowly feeling obsolete/exhausted.

Figurative use: pengetahuan konvensional... terasa habis. Implies that old knowledge is becoming insufficient or irrelevant.

Habis sudah segala upaya untuk menyelamatkan perusahaan dari kebangkrutan.

All efforts to save the company from bankruptcy have been exhausted/failed.

Emphatic phrasing: Habis sudah segala upaya. Marks a definitive end to all attempts.

Kisah tragis itu menyisakan duka mendalam, seolah-olah semua kebahagiaan telah habis.

That tragic story left deep sorrow, as if all happiness had been exhausted/gone.

Figurative use: semua kebahagiaan telah habis. Expresses a profound sense of loss.

Para arkeolog berupaya keras untuk mengungkap misteri situs kuno sebelum bukti-bukti fisiknya habis dimakan zaman.

Archaeologists are working hard to uncover the mysteries of the ancient site before its physical evidence is completely consumed by time.

Figurative use: habis dimakan zaman. 'Dimakan zaman' means 'consumed by time', implying degradation and eventual disappearance.

Dalam situasi genting seperti itu, sumber daya militer mereka pun terkuras habis.

In such a critical situation, their military resources were also thoroughly depleted.

Formal context: sumber daya militer... terkuras habis. Indicates significant resource depletion in a crisis.

Dia berbicara dengan penuh semangat hingga kata-katanya habis, meninggalkan audiens terkesima.

He spoke with great passion until his words were exhausted, leaving the audience captivated.

Figurative use: hingga kata-katanya habis. Emphasizes the speaker's complete dedication and outpouring of thoughts.

Peradaban kuno itu lenyap ditelan zaman, meninggalkan jejak yang hampir habis.

That ancient civilization vanished, swallowed by time, leaving behind almost erased traces.

Figurative use: jejak yang hampir habis. 'Habis' here signifies near obliteration or complete fading.

Penyelidikan mendalam mengungkap bahwa dana kampanye telah dikuras habis untuk kepentingan pribadi.

The in-depth investigation revealed that campaign funds had been thoroughly drained for personal gain.

Formal context: dana kampanye telah dikuras habis. Implies deliberate and complete misappropriation of funds.

Setelah bertahun-tahun perjuangan tanpa henti, idealisme para aktivis mulai terasa habis.

After years of relentless struggle, the idealism of the activists began to feel exhausted.

Figurative use: idealisme... mulai terasa habis. Suggests a deep erosion of core beliefs due to prolonged effort.

Habis sudah harapan untuk menemukan obat mujarab bagi penyakit langka tersebut.

Hope for finding a miracle cure for that rare disease has been completely exhausted.

Emphatic phrasing: Habis sudah harapan. Denotes a complete loss of hope.

Ketersediaan sumber daya alam yang tak terbarukan semakin menipis, mengindikasikan bahwa masa penggunaannya akan segera habis.

The availability of non-renewable natural resources is increasingly dwindling, indicating that their period of use will soon be exhausted.

Formal context: masa penggunaannya akan segera habis. Predicts the eventual end of usability for finite resources.

Dia menceritakan seluruh pengalamannya, dari awal hingga akhir, sampai tak ada lagi yang bisa diceritakan, seolah semua ceritanya telah habis.

He recounted his entire experience, from beginning to end, until there was nothing more to tell, as if all his stories had been exhausted.

Figurative use: seolah semua ceritanya telah habis. Implies a complete and final telling of all narratives.

Dalam situasi krisis multidimensi, cadangan energi dan material negara tersebut terkuras habis untuk mempertahankan diri.

In a multidimensional crisis situation, the country's energy and material reserves were thoroughly depleted to maintain self-defense.

Formal context: terkuras habis. Highlights severe depletion due to prolonged conflict or crisis.

Pihak berwenang berjuang keras untuk memulihkan kepercayaan publik yang telah habis akibat skandal korupsi besar.

The authorities are struggling hard to restore public trust that has been exhausted due to a major corruption scandal.

Figurative use: kepercayaan publik yang telah habis. Signifies a profound and widespread loss of faith.

Common Collocations

Sudah habis

Hampir habis

Habis terjual

Habis makan

Uang habis

Waktu habis

Tenaga habis

Habis gelap terbitlah terang

Habis dimakan zaman

Habis tak bersisa

Common Phrases

Sudah habis

— It's already finished or run out.

Maaf, kopi kami sudah habis.

Habis waktu

— Time is up.

Waktu mengerjakan soal habis.

Habis uang

— Money is gone/spent.

Saya harus pulang karena uang saya habis.

Habis tenaga

— Energy is exhausted.

Setelah mendaki gunung, tenaganya habis.

Habis cerita

— The story is over.

Setelah adegan terakhir, habis cerita.

Habis beli

— Just bought (implies it's now gone or used).

Kue yang baru saja habis beli ternyata enak sekali.

Habis makan

— Finished eating.

Setelah habis makan, dia langsung tidur.

Habis gelap terbitlah terang

— After darkness comes light (an idiom for hope after hardship).

Jangan menyerah, ingatlah bahwa habis gelap terbitlah terang.

Habis sudah

— It is completely finished/over.

Habis sudah kesabaranku!

Hampir habis

— Almost finished/run out.

Persediaan gula di dapur hampir habis.

Often Confused With

habis vs Selesai

While both mean 'finished', 'selesai' typically refers to completing a task or activity (e.g., 'pekerjaan selesai' - work is finished), whereas 'habis' refers to depletion of resources or the end of something (e.g., 'bensin habis' - gas is finished).

habis vs Tamat

'Tamat' is specifically used for the conclusion of narratives like stories, books, or movies. 'Habis' is more general and can apply to a wider range of things.

habis vs Ludes

'Ludes' is a stronger term than 'habis', implying something is completely sold out or entirely gone, often with a sense of finality. 'Habis' can mean just finished or run out, while 'ludes' suggests nothing is left at all.

Idioms & Expressions

"Habis gelap terbitlah terang"

— This idiom translates to 'After darkness comes light'. It signifies that after a period of hardship, difficulty, or sadness, good times or a solution will eventually come.

Jangan putus asa menghadapi masalah ini, ingatlah bahwa habis gelap terbitlah terang.

Neutral

"Habis manis sepah dibuang"

— Literally means 'after the sweet part is finished, the husk is thrown away'. This idiom describes someone who is discarded or forgotten once their usefulness or attractiveness has passed, often used in relationships or when someone is no longer beneficial.

Dia merasa dikhianati, seperti habis manis sepah dibuang.

Informal

"Habis tak bersisa"

— This phrase means 'completely gone without anything left'. It emphasizes total depletion or consumption of something.

Semua makanan di meja makan habis tak bersisa.

Neutral

"Habis sudah kesabaran"

— This means 'patience has run out'. It's a strong expression indicating that someone can no longer tolerate a situation or behavior.

Setelah mendengar alasan yang sama berulang kali, habis sudah kesabarannya.

Informal

"Habis waktu ujian"

— This is a direct phrase meaning 'exam time is up'. It signals the end of the allotted time for an examination.

Guru mengumumkan, 'Baik, anak-anak, habis waktu ujian!'

Neutral

"Habis perkara"

— This phrase means 'case closed' or 'that's the end of it'. It's used to signify that a matter is concluded and no further discussion or action is needed.

Setelah penjelasan itu, dia berkata, 'Habis perkara, kita lupakan saja.'

Informal

"Habis dimakan usia"

— This means 'worn out by age' or 'consumed by time'. It's used to describe old objects or even people who are showing the effects of age.

Rumah tua itu sudah habis dimakan usia.

Neutral

"Habis masa berlaku"

— This means 'expired' or 'past its validity period'. It's used for items like food, medicine, or documents.

Susu ini sudah habis masa berlakunya.

Neutral

"Habis bensin"

— Literally means 'ran out of gasoline'. It's a common phrase indicating a vehicle has stopped because it has no fuel.

Mobilnya mogok karena habis bensin di tengah jalan.

Informal

"Habis umur"

— This means 'life has ended' or 'died'. It's a direct and often somber way to say someone has passed away.

Kucing kesayangannya akhirnya habis umur.

Neutral

Easily Confused

habis vs Selesai

Both 'habis' and 'selesai' translate to 'finished' in English, leading to confusion.

'Selesai' is used for tasks, activities, or events that have been completed. It implies an action has reached its conclusion. 'Habis' is used for resources, quantities, or periods that have been depleted or have reached their end. It describes a state of being gone or used up.

Saya sudah selesai bekerja. (I have finished working.) vs. Bensin saya sudah habis. (My gasoline has run out.)

habis vs Tamat

Both words indicate an ending, making them seem interchangeable.

'Tamat' is specifically reserved for the ending of narratives like stories, books, movies, or serials. It signifies the final conclusion of a fictional or serial work. 'Habis' is a more general term for 'finished' or 'run out' and can apply to a much broader range of things, including non-narrative items and events.

Film itu tamat dengan bahagia. (That movie ended happily.) vs. Waktu ujian sudah habis. (Exam time is up.)

habis vs Ludes

'Ludes' is a more extreme version of 'habis', both indicating something is gone.

'Habis' means finished or run out. 'Ludes' means completely sold out or entirely gone, often implying nothing is left at all. It's a more emphatic term for total depletion, especially for items in stock or money. 'Habis' can be used for a single item running out, while 'ludes' often implies a larger quantity or a complete sell-out.

Semua tiket konser habis. (All concert tickets are finished/gone.) vs. Semua tiket konser ludes dalam satu jam. (All concert tickets were completely sold out in one hour.)

habis vs Tuntas

Both imply completion, but with different scopes.

'Tuntas' means thoroughly completed, settled, or resolved, often used for debts, comprehensive tasks, or investigations. It implies a complete settlement or resolution. 'Habis' refers to the depletion of resources or the end of something, not necessarily a complete resolution of an obligation or task.

Pembayaran utangnya sudah tuntas. (His debt payment is completely settled.) vs. Uang saya habis untuk membayar utang. (My money is gone from paying the debt.)

habis vs Ada

These are antonyms, but understanding their relationship is key to understanding 'habis'.

'Ada' means 'there is', 'to have', or 'available'. 'Habis' means 'finished', 'used up', or 'run out'. If something is 'habis', it means it is no longer 'ada'. They represent opposite states: presence versus absence or completion.

Masih ada gula? (Is there still sugar?) vs. Gula sudah habis. (The sugar is finished.)

Sentence Patterns

Subject + Habis

Air habis.

Subject + Sudah + Habis

Kertas sudah habis.

Subject + Hampir + Habis

Bensin mobil hampir habis.

Subject + Habis + [Context/Location]

Makanan habis di pesta.

Figurative Subject + Habis

Kesabaran saya habis.

Habis + [Action/Event]

Habis makan, saya minum kopi.

Subject + Tel/Telah + Habis

Persediaan telah habis.

Me- + Habis (intensifier)

Dia menguras habis tenaganya.

Word Family

Adjectives

habis

Menghabiskan To spend, to use up, to finish (transitive verb).

Terhabis To be finished or used up (passive form, less common than 'habis').

Penghabisan The act of finishing, or the last part/instance.

Kehabisan The state of running out of something, or the act of running out.

Habis-habisan To the fullest, completely, all out.

How to Use It

frequency

Very High

Common Mistakes

Using 'habis' as a transitive verb to 'finish' something actively. → Using 'habis' to describe the state of being finished or depleted.
Learners might say 'Saya habis buku' (I finish book), which is incorrect. The correct way to express that the book is gone or finished is 'Buku saya habis' (My book is finished/gone). 'Habis' describes the state of the book, not an action performed by the speaker.
Confusing 'habis' with 'selesai' for tasks. → Use 'selesai' for completed tasks and 'habis' for depleted resources.
Saying 'Pekerjaan saya habis' (My work is finished/depleted) is incorrect. The correct word for completing a task is 'selesai'. So, it should be 'Pekerjaan saya selesai'. 'Habis' is for things like 'Bensin habis' (Gasoline is finished).
Overusing 'sudah' with 'habis'. → Use 'sudah' when emphasizing completion, but it's not always necessary.
While 'sudah habis' (already finished) is very common and correct, simply saying 'habis' can also be sufficient depending on the context. For example, if asked 'Do you have cookies?', replying 'Habis' is perfectly natural without 'sudah'.
Directly translating 'run out' without considering the Indonesian structure. → Think of 'habis' as describing the state of being gone or finished.
Instead of trying to translate 'the milk ran out' literally, think of it as 'the milk is finished/gone'. So, 'Susu sudah habis' is the natural Indonesian phrasing, focusing on the state of the milk.
Using 'habis' to mean 'to end' an event in a formal context. → Use 'selesai' or 'tamat' for events, and reserve 'habis' for resources or more general endings.
While 'Acara sudah habis' can be understood, 'Acara sudah selesai' or 'Pertunjukan sudah tamat' are often more appropriate for formal events or narratives. 'Habis' is best kept for resources or more general states of completion.

Tips

Simple Structure

For beginners, focus on the Subject + Habis structure. For example, 'Buku habis' (Book is finished). Adding 'sudah' before 'habis' emphasizes completion: 'Buku sudah habis'.

High Frequency

'Habis' is a very common word in Indonesian. You will hear it frequently in daily conversations, so learning it early will significantly improve your comprehension.

Stress the First Syllable

Remember to stress the first syllable ('ha') in 'habis'. The pronunciation is straightforward: HA-bis. Avoid misplacing the stress, as it can affect clarity.

Connect to Visuals

Create mental images of things being empty or gone. Think of an empty plate, an empty wallet, or a dead battery. This visual association can help solidify the meaning of 'habis'.

Habis vs. Selesai

Don't confuse 'habis' with 'selesai'. 'Selesai' is for tasks (e.g., 'pekerjaan selesai'), while 'habis' is for resources or quantities (e.g., 'bensin habis').

Beyond Literal

Recognize that 'habis' can be used figuratively for abstract concepts like patience ('kesabaran habis') or energy ('tenaga habis'), indicating exhaustion or depletion of a non-physical resource.

Use it in Sentences

Actively try to use 'habis' in your own sentences. Describe things that have run out in your surroundings or simple events that have concluded. Practice makes perfect!

Learn Common Idioms

Familiarize yourself with common idioms containing 'habis', such as 'habis gelap terbitlah terang'. These add richness and cultural context to your language use.

Listen Actively

When listening to Indonesian, pay attention to how and when 'habis' is used. This will help you internalize its nuances and natural usage patterns.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Imagine a person named 'Habib' who is very tired after a long day. He says, 'I am so 'habis' (exhausted)!'. The sound 'Habis' sounds like 'Habib is'. So, 'Habib is exhausted!' helps remember 'habis' means finished or run out.

Visual Association

Picture an empty plate with just a few crumbs left, symbolizing that the food is 'habis'. Or, visualize a battery icon that is completely red and empty, representing a dead phone battery ('baterai habis').

Word Web

Finished Used up Ran out Depleted Completed Gone Exhausted Ended

Challenge

Try to describe five things in your immediate surroundings that are 'habis' or 'hampir habis' (almost finished) using Indonesian sentences. For example, 'Kertas di printer saya habis.' (The paper in my printer is finished.)

Word Origin

The word 'habis' in Indonesian is derived from Malay. Its ultimate origin can be traced back to Proto-Austronesian, indicating a long history within the Malayo-Polynesian language family.

Original meaning: The original meaning was likely related to 'ending' or 'completion'.

Austronesian, specifically Malayo-Polynesian.

Cultural Context

The word 'habis' itself is neutral. However, the context in which it's used can carry emotional weight. For example, 'kesabaran habis' (patience is gone) indicates frustration, while 'makanan habis' (food is gone) might indicate disappointment if someone was looking forward to eating.

In English, we might use 'finished,' 'all gone,' 'used up,' 'ran out,' 'depleted,' or 'exhausted,' depending on the context. 'Habis' is a versatile equivalent that covers many of these.

The idiom 'Habis gelap terbitlah terang' is widely known and used. Songs or poems might use 'habis' to describe the end of love or a period of time. News reports frequently use 'habis' to discuss depleted resources or sold-out items.

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

Shopping and Availability

Maaf, sudah habis.
Apakah masih ada?
Sudah ludes terjual.

Food and Drink

Nasi sudah habis.
Air minum saya habis.
Tehnya habis.

Time and Events

Waktu habis.
Acara sudah habis.
Pertunjukan sudah habis.

Finances

Uang saya habis.
Gaji sudah habis.
Dompet habis.

Personal State (Figurative)

Tenaga habis.
Kesabaran habis.
Semangat habis.

Conversation Starters

"What did you have for breakfast? Was there anything you ate that was 'habis'?"

"Think about your daily routine. What are some things that 'habis' during the day?"

"If you go shopping, what are some items that often get 'habis' quickly?"

"How do you feel when your favorite snack is 'habis' at the store?"

"What does the phrase 'habis gelap terbitlah terang' mean to you?"

Journal Prompts

Describe a time when you ran out of something important. What was it, and how did you feel when it was 'habis'?

Write about a situation where you had to wait for something to be restocked because it was 'habis'.

Reflect on the idiom 'habis gelap terbitlah terang'. Write about a personal experience where you faced darkness and eventually found light.

Imagine you have a limited amount of something precious (like time, energy, or a resource). How would you describe it when it's 'habis'?

Write a short story where a character experiences something becoming 'habis' and how they react to it.

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

The most common meanings of 'habis' are 'finished', 'used up', or 'ran out'. It's used to indicate that something is no longer available or has reached its end. For example, 'Air minum saya habis' means 'My drinking water is finished'.

Yes, 'habis' is commonly used for time. For instance, 'Waktu ujian sudah habis' means 'The exam time is up'. It signifies that the allotted period has concluded.

You can often use 'habis terjual' to mean 'sold out'. For example, 'Tiket konser itu habis terjual' means 'Those concert tickets were sold out'. 'Ludes' is also used for 'completely sold out'.

Yes, 'habis' is used figuratively for emotions. For example, 'Kesabaran saya habis' means 'My patience has run out'. It implies that one's capacity for patience has been exhausted.

'Selesai' is typically used for completing tasks or activities (e.g., 'Saya sudah selesai makan' - I have finished eating). 'Habis' is more for resources being depleted or events ending (e.g., 'Bensin mobil saya habis' - My car's gas has run out).

While 'habis' primarily functions as an adjective or adverb indicating a state of being finished or depleted, it can sometimes appear in verb phrases like 'menghabiskan' (to use up/spend) or 'kehabisan' (to run out of). In its basic form, it describes a state rather than an active verb of doing.

This idiom translates to 'After darkness comes light'. It's an expression of hope, suggesting that after a period of difficulty or hardship, better times will eventually arrive. It's similar to the English saying 'There's light at the end of the tunnel'.

You can say 'Tenaga saya habis' which literally means 'My energy is finished/gone'. It's a common way to express exhaustion.

Yes, it's very common to use 'habis' for money. 'Uang saya habis' means 'My money is gone' or 'I've run out of money'.

Try associating it with concrete images of emptiness, like an empty plate, an empty wallet, or a dead phone battery. Also, practice using it in simple sentences like 'Air habis' or 'Waktu habis' to reinforce its meaning.