Overview
The Indonesian word 'habis' is a fascinating and frequently used term that showcases significant semantic flexibility. At its core, 'habis' conveys a sense of completion, exhaustion, or termination, but its precise nuance shifts considerably based on its grammatical function and the context of the sentence.
As a verb, 'habis' most commonly translates to 'to be finished,' 'to be completed,' 'to be run out,' or 'to be used up.' When referring to tasks or events, it denotes their conclusion, as in 'Pekerjaan itu sudah habis' (The work is already finished). This usage aligns closely with synonyms like 'selesai' or 'tamat.' When applied to resources or supplies, 'habis' signifies depletion or exhaustion. For instance, 'Garamnya sudah habis' means 'The salt has run out.' This can also extend to abstract resources like time or energy, where 'Waktu saya habis di perjalanan' means 'My time was spent on the journey.' The implied state is one of absence or non-existence due to prior consumption.
Transitioning to its role as an adverb, 'habis' takes on two primary interpretations. Firstly, it can function as a temporal connector, signifying 'after,' 'subsequently,' or 'then,' much like 'setelah' or 'kemudian.' An example would be 'Habis makan, dia tidur' (After eating, he slept), indicating a direct sequence of events. Secondly, 'habis' can intensify the meaning of a verb, conveying 'completely,' 'entirely,' or 'utterly.' Consider 'Dia makan habis semua' (He ate everything completely), where 'habis' emphasizes the thoroughness of the action. This usage often highlights a total annihilation or consumption.
Finally, 'habis' can occasionally act as a preposition, akin to 'setelah' or 'sesudah,' particularly when referring to a specific point in time or order, such as 'Habis Lebaran, harga-harga naik' (After Eid, prices go up). This highlights its capacity to serve as a marker for a subsequent event or period.
The versatility of 'habis' is further extended through its derivatives. 'Menghabiskan' means 'to finish,' 'to spend,' or 'to use up' (transitive), indicating an active role in causing something to be 'habis.' 'Kehabisan' denotes the state of 'running out of' or 'being out of stock,' often implying an unintended or undesirable depletion. 'Penghabisan' refers to 'the end' or 'the last part,' while 'sehabis' means 'as soon as it's finished,' again emphasizing completion.
Understanding 'habis' therefore requires careful attention to the context, as its grammatical function and surrounding vocabulary dictate its precise meaning. Its widespread use across various contexts makes it an essential word for fluency in Indonesian.
مثالها
Uang saya habis.
Speaking about finances, specifically running out of money.My money ran out.
Waktu kita sudah habis.
Referring to a deadline or the end of an allocated time.Our time is up.
Makanan di kulkas sudah habis.
Indicating that there is no more food available.The food in the fridge is finished/gone.
Setelah bekerja keras, tenaganya habis.
Describing the exhaustion of physical or mental energy.After working hard, his energy was depleted.
Tiket konser sudah habis terjual.
Referring to all available items (tickets) being sold.The concert tickets are sold out.
ترکیبهای رایج
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
refers to something that has been completed or done
focuses on the completion of a task or activity
similar to 'selesai' but often implies a more formal or definitive end
specifically refers to the end of a story, book, or film
means extinct, referring to a species or something that no longer exists
الگوهای دستوری
نحوه استفاده
The word 'habis' is highly versatile and its meaning depends heavily on context. When used as a verb, it often implies a state of completion or depletion. As an adverb, it can indicate sequence or totality. Pay attention to the surrounding words and phrases to correctly interpret its meaning.
One common mistake for English speakers learning 'habis' is confusing it with 'selesai'. While both can mean 'finished', 'habis' specifically refers to something being consumed, used up, or running out (like supplies or energy). 'Selesai' is more general for completing a task or an event concluding. For example, you'd say 'uang saya sudah habis' (my money has run out), but 'pekerjaan saya sudah selesai' (my work is finished).
نکات
Usage Tip
'Habis' is a very common word and can be used in many contexts. It's often used to express the completion of something, or that a resource has been fully consumed.
Common Mistake
Don't confuse 'habis' with 'selesai'. While both can mean 'finished', 'selesai' typically refers to the completion of a task or event, whereas 'habis' often implies something running out or being used up. For example, you 'selesai' (finish) your homework, but your 'pulsa habis' (phone credit runs out).
Contextual Nuance
When used before a verb, 'habis' can colloquially mean 'after' or 'having finished doing something'. For instance, 'Habis mandi, saya sarapan' means 'After bathing, I had breakfast.'
ریشه کلمه
From Proto-Malayic *habis, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qabəC, from Proto-Austronesian *qabəC.
بافت فرهنگی
The Indonesian word 'habis' carries significant cultural nuances beyond its direct translation of 'finished' or 'run out.' In many Indonesian contexts, 'habis' can imply a state of completion that is absolute and sometimes irreversible. For example, 'uangnya sudah habis' (the money is already finished/gone) often suggests a complete depletion, which can be a source of concern given the economic realities for many. It's also used in phrases that denote finality, such as 'habis perkara' (case closed, matter settled). Culturally, there's a subtle implication in some uses that when something is 'habis,' it might not be easily replenished, highlighting a cultural appreciation for resources and a cautious attitude towards their depletion. This can be seen in daily interactions where people are mindful of not letting things 'habis' unnecessarily. The term can also be used in more abstract senses, like 'habis waktu' (time's up), indicating a deadline or an end to an opportunity, which can carry a sense of urgency or missed chance.
راهنمای حفظ
Connect 'habis' with 'house beast' – imagine a house beast that eats everything until it's all 'habis' (finished/run out).
سوالات متداول
4 سوال'Habis' in Indonesian generally means 'to be finished,' 'to be run out,' 'to be used up,' or 'exhausted.' It describes a state where something no longer exists or is completely consumed.
Yes, 'habis' can be used to refer to time. For example, 'waktu habis' means 'time is up' or 'time has run out.' It signifies the completion or expiration of a period.
When indicating consumption, 'habis' often follows the item that has been consumed. For instance, 'Makanannya sudah habis' translates to 'The food is already finished/eaten up.' Another example is 'Uang saya sudah habis,' meaning 'My money has run out.'
Yes, there are several idiomatic expressions. For example, 'habis-habisan' means 'all out' or 'to the utmost,' implying doing something with maximum effort. 'Tidak ada habisnya' means 'endless' or 'inexhaustible,' suggesting something that continues without cessation.
خودت رو بسنج
Air di botol itu sudah ____.
Uang saya sudah ____ karena membeli banyak barang.
Waktu untuk mengerjakan ujian sudah ____.
امتیاز: /3
Usage Tip
'Habis' is a very common word and can be used in many contexts. It's often used to express the completion of something, or that a resource has been fully consumed.
Common Mistake
Don't confuse 'habis' with 'selesai'. While both can mean 'finished', 'selesai' typically refers to the completion of a task or event, whereas 'habis' often implies something running out or being used up. For example, you 'selesai' (finish) your homework, but your 'pulsa habis' (phone credit runs out).
Contextual Nuance
When used before a verb, 'habis' can colloquially mean 'after' or 'having finished doing something'. For instance, 'Habis mandi, saya sarapan' means 'After bathing, I had breakfast.'
مثالها
5 از 5Uang saya habis.
My money ran out.
Waktu kita sudah habis.
Our time is up.
Makanan di kulkas sudah habis.
The food in the fridge is finished/gone.
Setelah bekerja keras, tenaganya habis.
After working hard, his energy was depleted.
Tiket konser sudah habis terjual.
The concert tickets are sold out.
