締め切る in 30 Seconds
- Verb: To close, to set a deadline.
- Commonly used for applications, submissions, projects.
- Noun form: 締め切り (shimekiri) means 'deadline'.
- Implies finality and cessation of acceptance.
The Japanese verb 締め切る (shimekru) is a versatile word that primarily means 'to close' or 'to set a deadline for something.' It's frequently used in everyday conversations and formal settings when referring to the act of finishing something by a specific time or closing off an application period, a submission window, or even a physical space.
In many contexts, it implies a sense of finality. For instance, when talking about job applications, a project submission, or even a contest, 締め切る marks the point after which no further entries or submissions will be accepted. It's also used more literally, though less commonly in daily conversation for English speakers, to mean closing a door or window tightly, implying sealing it shut.
Understanding 締め切る is crucial for navigating deadlines and schedules in Japan. Whether you are a student submitting assignments, a professional working on a project, or an individual participating in an event, you will encounter this word. It signals the end of a period and the beginning of the next phase, such as evaluation or review. The nuance of 'closing off' is key; it's not just about ending, but about preventing further access or participation after a certain point.
Consider the difference between simply 'ending' something and 'closing' it off. 締め切る emphasizes the latter. For example, a store might 'close' for the day (閉まる - shimaru), but an application period is 'closed' or 'deadline is set' (締め切られる - shimekrareru, the passive form, or 締め切る - shimekru by the authority setting the deadline). This distinction highlights the active role of setting a limit and then enforcing it.
It's a fundamental verb for anyone living or working in Japan, as it's deeply embedded in the organizational culture that values punctuality and structured processes. Being aware of the deadlines indicated by 締め切る will help you manage your time effectively and avoid missing out on opportunities.
- Literal Meaning
- To close tightly, to seal shut.
- Figurative Meaning
- To set a deadline, to close an application period, to finish by a certain time.
来週の月曜日がレポートの提出締め切りです。締め切る.
応募期間を締め切る前に、急いで申し込んでください。
- Usage Context
- Deadlines for applications, submissions, projects, events, contests, and sometimes physical closures.
会議の資料の締め切りは明日です。
締め切る (shimekru) is a transitive verb, meaning it usually takes a direct object, which is the thing being closed or for which a deadline is set. The structure often follows: [Object] を 締め切る (wo shimekru).
When referring to a deadline for applications, submissions, or similar events, the object is typically a noun like 応募 (oubō - application), 提出 (teishutsu - submission), or 作品 (sakuhin - work/piece). The verb can be used in its plain form, polite form (締め切ります - shimekrimasu), or in various conjugated forms depending on the tense and context.
For example, to state that the application period will close, you might say 応募期間を締め切ります (oubō kikan wo shimekrimasu - We will close the application period). If you are referring to the deadline itself, you would use the noun form 締め切り (shimekiri), as in 応募期間は来週の金曜日です (oubō kikan wa raishū no kin'yōbi desu - The application period is next Friday), where 'next Friday' implicitly functions as the deadline.
The verb can also be used in the passive voice, 締め切られる (shimekrareru), to indicate that something *is* closed or a deadline *is* set. For instance, 応募はすでに締め切られました (oubō wa sude ni shimekrararemashita - Applications have already been closed). This passive form is common when the agent setting the deadline is implied or not important.
Here are some common sentence structures:
- Subject + [Object] + を + 締め切る
- This is the most direct way to use the verb. The subject is the one performing the action of closing or setting the deadline.
事務局は、コンテストの応募を今月末で締め切る予定です。
- Subject + [Object] + は + [Time/Date] + に + 締め切る
- This structure explicitly states the deadline. The particle に (ni) marks the specific time.
プロジェクトの提出は、来週の金曜日の午後5時に締め切ります。
- [Object] + が + 締め切られる
- Using the passive form, emphasizing that the deadline has been set or the period is closed.
このイベントへの参加申し込みは、すでに締め切られました。
締め切りが近いので、急いで作業を終わらせなければなりません。
- Using with Potential Form
- You can also express the ability to close something or set a deadline. For example, 締め切ることができる (shimekru koto ga dekiru - can close/set a deadline).
このシステムでは、ユーザーが自分で締め切りを設定できる機能があります。
You'll frequently encounter 締め切る (shimekru) and its noun form 締め切り (shimekiri) in various real-life situations in Japan, especially in contexts involving schedules, applications, and submissions. These are places where clear deadlines are essential.
1. Educational Institutions: Schools, universities, and language schools are prime locations. Teachers and professors will announce deadlines for assignments, essays, exams, and applications for extracurricular activities. You'll hear announcements like 「レポートの提出は来週の月曜日締め切りです。」 (Rēpōto no teishutsu wa raishū no getsuyōbi shimekiri desu. - The deadline for submitting reports is next Monday.) or 「願書の受付は明日で締め切ります。」 (Gansho no uketsuke wa ashita de shimekrimasu. - We will close accepting applications tomorrow.)
2. Workplaces and Businesses: In professional settings, 締め切る is ubiquitous. Project deadlines, report submissions, expense claims, and application periods for internal promotions or training programs all have deadlines. A manager might say, 「この企画書の締め切りは金曜日です。必ず守ってください。」 (Kono kikakusho no shimekiri wa kin'yōbi desu. Kanarazu mamotte kudasai. - The deadline for this proposal is Friday. Please be sure to meet it.) or 「経費精算は今週中に締め切ってください。」 (Keihi seisan wa konshūchū ni shimekute kudasai. - Please close your expense claims within this week.)
3. Public Announcements and Official Notices: Government offices, public service announcements, and official websites will use 締め切る when announcing the end of periods for applications, registrations, or public comments. For example, a notice for a local festival might state, 「参加者の募集は定員になり次第締め切ります。」 (Sankasha no boshū wa teiin ni narishidai shimekrimasu. - We will close recruitment for participants as soon as we reach the capacity.)
4. Events and Competitions: When applying for concerts, workshops, contests, or any event with limited spots or a specific submission requirement, you'll see or hear 締め切る. 「このセミナーの参加申し込みは、あと3日で締め切られます。」 (Kono semina no sanka mōshikomi wa, ato mikkade shimekrararemasu. - Applications to participate in this seminar will be closed in three more days.)
5. Online Platforms and Services: Websites for online shopping, subscription services, or platform-based applications will use 締め切る to indicate when special offers end or when new user sign-ups are halted. For instance, an e-commerce site might have a banner saying, 「期間限定セールは本日中に締め切ります！」 (Kikan gentei sēru wa honjitsu-chū ni shimekrimasu! - The limited-time sale will close today!)
6. Informal Conversations: Even in casual chats with friends, people might discuss deadlines for group projects, party planning, or making reservations. 「そのレストラン、予約いっぱいみたいで、もう締め切ったらしいよ。」 (Sono resutoran, yoyaku ippai mitai de, mō shimekitta rashii yo. - It seems that restaurant is fully booked, and they've apparently already closed reservations.)
大学の入学願書の締め切りはいつですか？
このイベントの参加費の支払いは、明日で締め切られます。
- Common Scenarios
- Job applications, scholarship applications, contest entries, submitting homework, registering for classes, booking tickets or seats, submitting proposals or reports.
締切日を過ぎてしまったので、もう応募できません。
When learning 締め切る (shimekru), learners might make a few common mistakes, often related to confusing it with similar verbs or misusing its grammatical particles and forms.
1. Confusing 締め切る with 閉める (shimeru) or 閉まる (shimaru):
While 締め切る can have a literal meaning of 'to close tightly,' its primary use is about deadlines. 閉める (shimeru) means 'to close' (a door, a window, a shop) and is transitive. 閉まる (shimaru) means 'to be closed' (door, shop) and is intransitive. Using 締め切る for a simple action like closing a door would sound unnatural. For example, you wouldn't say 「ドアを締め切った」 (doa wo shimekitta) to mean 'I closed the door'; you'd use 「ドアを閉めた」 (doa wo shimeta).
Incorrect: 窓を締め切った。
Correct: 窓を閉めた。
2. Misusing Particles:
When using 締め切る transitively, the direct object (the thing being closed or having a deadline) is marked by the particle を (wo). Learners might mistakenly use other particles or omit it.
Incorrect: 応募が締め切られた。
Correct: 応募は締め切られた。
Correct: 応募期間を締め切った。
3. Overusing the Verb Form Instead of the Noun:
The noun 締め切り (shimekiri) meaning 'deadline' is incredibly common. Learners might try to force the verb 締め切る into sentences where the noun would be more natural and fluent.
Less natural: レポートを締め切るのは明日です。
More natural: レポートの締め切りは明日です。
4. Incorrect Passive/Causative Usage:
While 締め切られる (passive) is common, learners might misuse it or confuse it with causative forms if they try to express 'making someone close something' without the correct structure.
5. Literal vs. Figurative Meaning Confusion:
As mentioned earlier, the literal meaning of 'closing tightly' is less common. Using 締め切る for simple physical closures can lead to misunderstanding or sound awkward.
Incorrect: 部屋の窓を締め切って寝ました。
Correct: 部屋の窓を閉めて寝ました。
While 締め切る (shimekru) is specific in its meaning of 'to close' or 'set a deadline,' several other Japanese words share related concepts or can be used as alternatives depending on the nuance.
1. 閉める (shimeru) / 閉まる (shimaru):
As discussed in common mistakes, these verbs mean 'to close' in a more general sense. 閉める is transitive (e.g., I closed the door - ドアを閉めた). 閉まる is intransitive (e.g., The door closed - ドアが閉まった). They do not carry the connotation of setting a deadline.
- 締め切る (shimekru)
- To close (an application, submission); to set a deadline.
- 閉める (shimeru)
- To close (a door, shop, window); to shut.
- 閉まる (shimaru)
- To be closed (door, shop).
2. 終了する (shūryō suru):
This verb means 'to end' or 'to finish.' While a deadline implies an ending, 終了する doesn't necessarily mean that submissions or applications are closed off; it simply marks the conclusion of an event or period. For example, a class ends (授業が終了する - jugyō ga shūryō suru), but applications for the class might be closed (授業の申し込みを締め切る - jugyō no mōshikomi wo shimekru).
- 締め切る (shimekru)
- To close; to set a deadline.
- 終了する (shūryō suru)
- To end; to finish; to conclude.
3. 期限 (kigen):
This is a noun meaning 'deadline,' 'time limit,' or 'expiry date.' It's often used in conjunction with 締め切る or on its own to refer to the deadline itself. For example, 「期限が切れる」 (kigen ga kireru - the deadline expires).
- 締め切る (shimekru)
- Verb: To close; to set a deadline.
- 期限 (kigen)
- Noun: Deadline; time limit; expiry date.
4. 締切 (shimekiri):
This is the noun form of 締め切る and is the most direct equivalent to 'deadline.' It's often used interchangeably with 期限 in many contexts, but 締め切り specifically refers to the closure of an application or submission period.
- 締め切る (shimekru)
- Verb: To close; to set a deadline.
- 締切 (shimekiri)
- Noun: Deadline (specifically for applications, submissions, etc.).
5. 募集を停止する (boshū wo teishi suru):
This phrase means 'to stop recruitment' or 'to cease accepting applications.' It's a more descriptive way of saying that an application period is closed, and it directly implies that 締め切る has occurred or is occurring.
- 締め切る (shimekru)
- To close; to set a deadline.
- 募集を停止する (boshū wo teishi suru)
- To stop recruitment; to cease accepting applications.
イベントの参加登録は、来週で締め切られます。
- Alternative Phrasing for 'Deadline'
- Instead of saying 「締め切りは〇月〇日です」 (Shimekiri wa X-gatsu X-nichi desu - The deadline is Month Day), one might say 「〇月〇日までに提出してください」 (X-gatsu X-nichi made ni teishutsu shite kudasai - Please submit by Month Day), which implies the deadline without explicitly using the word.
How Formal Is It?
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Fun Fact
The kanji 締 (shimé) itself visually suggests binding or closing. It's often used in words related to tying, fastening, or restricting. When combined with 切る (kiru - to cut), it creates a strong image of severing something off, hence creating a definitive end or closure.
Pronunciation Guide
- Pronouncing the 'ru' too strongly or lingering on it.
- Confusing the stress pattern.
- Not differentiating from similar-sounding words like 閉める (shimeru).
Difficulty Rating
Understanding 締め切る in reading requires recognizing its context, especially differentiating between the verb and noun forms. Texts related to applications, news, or academic papers will frequently use it. The nuance of literal closure versus deadline closure needs to be understood.
Correctly using 締め切る in writing involves choosing the appropriate form (verb/noun), particle (を, は, が), and tense. Differentiating it from similar verbs like 閉める is also important for accurate expression.
Pronunciation and choosing the right context are key for speaking. Learners need to be able to ask about deadlines and announce them naturally.
Recognizing 締め切る in spoken Japanese requires attention to context, especially in announcements or conversations about schedules and tasks. The noun form 締め切り is very common.
What to Learn Next
Prerequisites
Learn Next
Advanced
Grammar to Know
Transitive vs. Intransitive Verbs
締め切る (transitive, takes を) vs. 閉まる (intransitive, takes が). Example: 応募期間を締め切る (transitive) vs. ドアが閉まる (intransitive).
Passive Voice
The passive form 締め切られる (shimekrareru) is used when the subject is acted upon, e.g., 応募が締め切られる (Applications are closed).
Te-form for connecting clauses
窓を締め切って、静かに本を読んだ。(Closing the window tightly, I read a book quietly.)
Using 〜てしまう (te shimau) for completion/regret
応募を締め切ってしまいました。(I've already closed the applications - possibly with regret or finality).
Causative-Passive forms
締め切らせる (shimekraseru - to make someone close/set a deadline) and 締め切らせられる (shimekraserareru - to be made to close/set a deadline).
Examples by Level
ドアを 閉めて ください。
Please close the door.
Uses 閉める (shimeru), a simple verb for closing.
お店は もう 閉まりました。
The store has already closed.
Uses 閉まる (shimaru), the intransitive form.
時間です。終わりましょう。
It's time. Let's finish.
Simple phrase for ending.
レポートは 明日 提出。
Report submission is tomorrow.
Focuses on the submission date.
もう 締め切り？
Is it already the deadline?
Uses the noun 締め切り (shimekiri).
明日で 応募 締め切り。
Application deadline is tomorrow.
Uses the noun 締め切り (shimekiri) with a date.
早く 閉めて。
Close it quickly.
Imperative form of 閉める.
もう 終わった。
It's already finished.
Simple past tense of 終わる (owaru - to finish).
この 申請書は 来週の 金曜日で 締め切ります。
We will close applications for this form next Friday.
Uses 締め切る (shimekru) in polite form, indicating an action.
プロジェクトの 提出 締め切りは 再来週です。
The deadline for project submission is the week after next.
Uses the noun 締め切り (shimekiri) with a future date.
窓を しっかり 閉めて ください。
Please close the window securely.
Uses 閉める (shimeru) with an adverb for emphasis.
イベントへの 参加申し込みは 締め切られました。
Applications to participate in the event have been closed.
Uses the passive form 締め切られる (shimekrareru).
締め切りが 近づいて きました。
The deadline is approaching.
Uses the noun 締め切り (shimekiri) with 近づく (chikazuku - to approach).
この 期間は 終了しました。
This period has ended.
Uses 終了する (shūryō suru - to end).
願書は いつ 締め切りますか？
When will you close the applications?
Question about the verb 締め切る (shimekru).
もう 締め切り 時間です。
It's already the deadline time.
Combines 締め切り (shimekiri) with 時間 (jikan - time).
この 論文の 提出は、来週の 火曜日までと締め切らせていただきます。
We will be closing the submission of this paper until next Tuesday.
Uses the causative-passive form 締め切らせていただく (shimekrasete itadaku) for polite announcement.
彼らは、コンテストの応募期間を予定より早く締め切ることにした。
They decided to close the contest application period earlier than planned.
Uses the verb 締め切る (shimekru) with a decision context.
締め切りが迫っているので、急いで作業を完了させなければならない。
As the deadline is approaching, I must hurry to complete the work.
Uses 迫る (semaru - to approach/press) with 締め切り (shimekiri).
このウェブサイトの登録は、本日正午に締め切られます。
Registration for this website will be closed at noon today.
Uses the passive form 締め切られる (shimekrareru) with a specific time.
新しいプロジェクトのアイデア募集は、来月締め切る予定です。
We plan to close the call for new project ideas next month.
Uses 締め切る (shimekru) in a future plan.
申し訳ありませんが、この募集はすでに締め切りました。
I apologize, but we have already closed this recruitment.
Uses the past tense of 締め切る (shimekru) with an apology.
すべての窓を締め切って、防音対策をしました。
We closed all the windows tightly and took soundproofing measures.
Uses the te-form of 締め切る (shimekru) in its literal sense of closing tightly.
この件に関する意見は、明日までに締め切ります。
We will close opinions regarding this matter by tomorrow.
Uses 締め切る (shimekru) to close off receiving opinions.
残念ながら、その人気イベントのチケットはすでに締め切られました。
Unfortunately, tickets for that popular event have already been closed (sold out).
Uses passive form 締め切られる (shimekrareru) implying unavailability.
締め切りを延長するかどうか、検討中です。
We are considering whether to extend the deadline.
Uses the noun 締め切り (shimekiri) with 延長する (enchō suru - to extend).
このコースへの登録は、定員に達し次第締め切られます。
Registration for this course will be closed as soon as capacity is reached.
Uses passive 締め切られる (shimekrareru) with a condition (定員に達し次第 - teiin ni tasshi shidai).
最終的な仕様の確定は、来週の月曜日に締め切る予定です。
The finalization of specifications is scheduled to be closed on next Monday.
Uses 締め切る (shimekru) to denote the closing of a decision-making process.
彼らは、不備のある申請書は受け付けず、締め切る方針だ。
Their policy is to not accept incomplete applications and to close them.
Uses 締め切る (shimekru) in a policy statement.
応募書類の不備により、一部の申請は締め切らざるを得なかった。
Due to deficiencies in the application documents, some applications had to be closed.
Uses the negative conditional passive 締め切らざるを得なかった (shimekrazaru wo enakatta - had no choice but to close).
夏休みが終わる前に、窓を締め切って部屋を涼しく保ちました。
Before summer vacation ended, I closed the windows tightly to keep the room cool.
Uses the te-form of 締め切る (shimekru) in its literal sense, implying effective sealing.
このプロジェクトの進行状況報告は、毎週金曜日の業務時間終了をもって締め切ることになっています。
Progress reports for this project are to be closed every Friday at the end of business hours.
Uses 締め切る (shimekru) in a procedural context.
締め切り厳守は、プロジェクト成功の絶対条件であり、それを締め切ることは、その後のプロセスに多大な影響を与える。
Strict adherence to the deadline is an absolute condition for project success, and closing it off has a significant impact on subsequent processes.
Uses 締め切る (shimekru) in a strategic, impactful way.
募集要項の解釈の相違から、一部の候補者は応募資格がないと判断され、その申請は締め切られることになった。
Due to differing interpretations of the recruitment guidelines, some candidates were deemed ineligible and their applications were consequently closed.
Uses passive 締め切られる (shimekrareru) in a formal, consequential context.
この芸術祭への作品応募は、予想を遥かに超える応募数により、予定より一週間早く締め切らざるを得なかった。
Due to an overwhelming number of submissions far exceeding expectations, the application for works to this art festival had to be closed a week earlier than planned.
Uses 締め切らざるを得なかった (shimekrazaru wo enakatta) in a situation of unavoidable closure.
当社の株主総会への議案提出は、来月15日をもちまして締め切らせていただきます。
We will be closing the submission of proposals for our company's general shareholders' meeting on the 15th of next month.
Uses the polite causative-passive 締め切らせていただきます (shimekrasete itadakimasu) in a formal corporate setting.
窓を締め切って、外部の騒音を遮断し、集中して作業に取り組んだ。
I sealed the windows tightly, blocking out external noise, and focused intently on my work.
Uses the literal sense of 締め切る (shimekru) for emphasis on complete closure and its effect.
このシステムは、セキュリティ強化のため、定期的にアクセス権限を締め切るように設計されている。
This system is designed to periodically close access privileges for enhanced security.
Uses 締め切る (shimekru) in a technical, security-related context.
締切日を過ぎてもなお、一部の部署では未提出の書類を締め切らず、受け付けているという実態がある。
Even after the deadline, there are cases where some departments continue to accept unsubmitted documents without closing them off.
Uses the negative form 締め切らず (shimekrazu) to describe a lack of closure.
その地域では、インフルエンザの流行を受けて、公共施設の利用を一時的に締め切る措置が取られた。
In that region, measures were taken to temporarily close public facilities due to the influenza outbreak.
Uses 締め切る (shimekru) for temporary closure of public spaces.
前例のない事態への対応として、従来の運用規定を一時的に締め切り、新たなガイドラインの策定を急がなければならない。
As a response to an unprecedented situation, we must temporarily close off the conventional operational rules and expedite the formulation of new guidelines.
Uses 締め切る (shimekru) in a high-level, strategic decision-making context.
その芸術家は、自身の創造プロセスにおいて、意図的にインスピレーションの源泉を締め切り、内省的な表現へと没頭することがあった。
In his creative process, the artist would sometimes intentionally close off his sources of inspiration and immerse himself in introspective expression.
Uses 締め切る (shimekru) metaphorically to describe closing off abstract concepts.
長引く交渉の末、双方が譲歩し、ついに長年の懸案事項であったプロジェクトの締め切りが合意された。
After prolonged negotiations, both parties compromised, and finally, the deadline for the long-standing pending issue of the project was agreed upon.
Uses the noun 締め切り (shimekiri) in a complex negotiation context.
その保守的な社会においては、新しい思想の流入を締め切る傾向が強く、変革は容易ではなかった。
In that conservative society, there was a strong tendency to close off the influx of new ideas, making change not easy.
Uses 締め切る (shimekru) to describe the closure of abstract concepts like ideas.
窓を締め切って、外界の喧騒から隔絶された空間で、彼は静かに思考を巡らせていた。
With the windows sealed tightly, in a space isolated from the clamor of the outside world, he was quietly letting his thoughts wander.
Uses the literal sense of 締め切る (shimekru) to create a vivid image of isolation and focus.
このシステムは、セキュリティパッチの適用が完了次第、外部からのアクセスを即座に締め切るように設計されています。
This system is designed to immediately close off external access as soon as the security patch application is completed.
Uses 締め切る (shimekru) in a highly technical and precise manner.
長年の風雨に晒された建物の窓は、隙間なく締め切られていた。
The windows of the building, exposed to years of wind and rain, were sealed tightly without any gaps.
Uses the passive form 締め切られていた (shimekrararete ita) to describe a state of being tightly closed due to external factors.
政治的な駆け引きにより、一部の政策決定プロセスは、一般市民の意見を締め切る形で進行した。
Due to political maneuvering, some policy-making processes proceeded in a manner that closed off public opinion.
Uses 締め切る (shimekru) to describe the exclusion of public input in a political context.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
— Please adhere strictly to the deadline.
このタスクは締め切り厳守でお願いします。
— There is only a little time left until the deadline.
締め切りまであとわずかですが、頑張ります。
Often Confused With
While both involve 'closing,' 閉める is for physical objects like doors or shops, whereas 締め切る is primarily for deadlines and application periods. Using 締め切る for a door would sound strange.
終了する means 'to end' or 'finish.' It's broader than 締め切る. A class ends (終了する), but applications for the class might be closed (締め切る).
期限 is a noun meaning 'deadline' or 'time limit.' It's often used with 過ぎる (sugiru - to pass) or 切れる (kireru - to expire). 締め切る is the verb form of setting this deadline.
Idioms & Expressions
— An urgent matter; a matter that requires immediate attention, often implying a de facto deadline.
火急の用のため、会議を早めに切り上げなければなりませんでした。
Formal— By the deadline; by the due date. This is a standard way to express completion within a timeframe.
期日までにレポートを提出してください。
Neutral— A situation where someone works frantically right before a deadline, but the quality of work suffers due to the rush, or they collapse from exhaustion.
彼はいつも締め切り倒れで、徹夜で作業している。
Informal— A race against time; a struggle to meet a deadline.
このプロジェクトは時間との戦いだ。
Neutral— The final push; the intense effort made at the end of a period, often before a deadline.
締め切り前の追い込みで、徹夜続きだった。
Neutral— Just making it in; narrowly succeeding, often right before a deadline.
締め切り時間ぎりぎりに滑り込みセーフで提出できた。
Informal— Too late; beyond help. This is the state after a deadline has passed.
もう締め切りを過ぎてしまったので、手遅れです。
Neutral— Deadline date. A direct noun phrase indicating the specific day.
明日は締め切り日なので、忘れないでください。
Neutral— Just before the deadline; close to the deadline.
締切間際に駆け込みで応募した。
NeutralEasily Confused
Both verbs relate to the concept of 'closing.'
締め切る specifically refers to closing off an application period, submission window, or setting a deadline. It implies a finality and cessation of acceptance. 閉める is a more general verb for closing physical objects like doors, windows, or shops. You wouldn't say you 'shimekru' a door; you would 'shimeru' it.
応募期間<strong>を締め切る</strong> vs. ドア<strong>を閉める</strong>.
Both indicate the end of something.
終了する means 'to end' or 'to finish.' It's a general term for the conclusion of an event, activity, or period. 締め切る is more specific; it means to close off and stop accepting entries or submissions by a set deadline. For example, a meeting ends (会議が終了する), but the deadline for submitting proposals for that meeting is 締め切る.
会議<strong>が終了する</strong> vs. 提案<strong>を締め切る</strong>.
Both relate to time limits.
期限 (kigen) is a noun meaning 'deadline' or 'time limit.' It refers to the point in time by which something must be done. 締め切る (shimekru) is the verb that describes the action of setting or enforcing that deadline. You can say 期限が切れる (the deadline expires), or you can say 応募期間を締め切る (to close the application period).
<strong>期限</strong>が切れる vs. 応募期間<strong>を締め切る</strong>.
Often used in conjunction with deadlines.
受付 (uketsuke) means 'reception' or 'acceptance.' It refers to the act of receiving applications, inquiries, or guests. 締め切る implies that the受付 (acceptance) will stop. You might say 受付を締め切る (to close the reception/acceptance).
<strong>受付</strong>は本日までです。<strong>締め切ります</strong>。
Both refer to specific dates for completion.
期日 (kijitsu) is a noun meaning 'due date' or 'fixed date.' It's a formal term often used in legal or official contexts. While similar to 期限 and 締め切り, 期日 emphasizes the specific date itself. You might set a 期日 for a report, and the verb used to close submissions by that date would be 締め切る.
返済<strong>期日</strong>は来月10日です。<strong>締め切り</strong>を厳守してください。
Sentence Patterns
[Object] は [Date] です。
レポートの<strong>締め切り</strong>は明日です。
[Object] を 締め切る。
応募<strong>を</strong>締め切る。
[Object] は [Date] に 締め切ります。
受付<strong>は</strong>来週の金曜日<strong>に</strong>締め切ります。
[Object] が 締め切られました。
このイベントの参加申し込み<strong>が</strong>締め切られました。
締め切りが近いので、急ぐ。
<strong>締め切りが近いので</strong>、急いでください。
〜をもつて締め切る
本日正午<strong>をもちまして</strong>締め切ります。
[Object] を 締め切らざるを得ない
予算不足のため、プロジェクトの募集<strong>を締め切らざるを得なかった</strong>。
締め切りを厳守する
このタスクは<strong>締め切りを厳守する</strong>必要があります。
Word Family
Nouns
Verbs
Related
How to Use It
Very High
-
Using 締め切る for general closing of doors or shops.
→
Use 閉める (shimeru) for general closing, and 締め切る (shimekru) for deadlines/applications.
締め切る has a specific nuance of setting a final point and stopping acceptance, unlike the general act of closing a physical object.
-
Confusing the verb 締め切る with the noun 締め切り.
→
Use 締め切る (verb) for the action of closing/setting a deadline, and 締め切り (noun) for the deadline itself.
For example, '応募期間を締め切る' (verb) vs. '応募期間の締め切りは明日です' (noun).
-
Incorrect particle usage with 締め切る.
→
Use を (wo) for the direct object when using the verb actively (e.g., 応募<strong>を</strong>締め切る). Use が (ga) or は (wa) for the subject in the passive form (e.g., 応募<strong>が</strong>締め切られる).
Particles are crucial for grammatical correctness in Japanese. Misusing them can change the meaning or make the sentence ungrammatical.
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Using 締め切る when 終了する is more appropriate.
→
Use 終了する (shūryō suru) for general 'ending' or 'finishing,' and 締め切る (shimekru) for 'closing off' applications/submissions by a deadline.
While related, 終了する is broader. 締め切る implies a specific cutoff point for entries.
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Over-literal translation of 'close tightly'.
→
While 締め切る can mean 'close tightly,' its primary and most frequent use is for deadlines. Focus on the deadline meaning first.
Over-emphasizing the literal meaning can lead to unnatural usage in contexts where it's not intended.
Tips
Verb vs. Noun
Remember that 締め切る (shimekru) is the verb for the action of closing or setting a deadline, while 締め切り (shimekiri) is the noun meaning 'deadline' itself. Use 締め切る when describing the act of closing, and 締め切り when referring to the due date.
Particles with 締め切る
When using 締め切る as a transitive verb, the object being closed is typically marked with を (wo). For example, '応募期間を締め切る' (to close the application period). In the passive form, the subject is often marked with が (ga) or は (wa), like '応募が締め切られた' (Applications were closed).
Distinguish from 閉める
Do not confuse 締め切る (shimekru) with 閉める (shimeru). 締め切る is for deadlines and applications, while 閉める is for closing physical objects like doors or shops. This is a common point of confusion for learners.
Common Contexts
You will frequently hear or read 締め切る and 締め切り in contexts related to school assignments, job applications, event registrations, project submissions, and official announcements where deadlines are crucial.
Stress Pattern
The stress in 締め切る (shimekru) falls on the second syllable: shi-ME-kru. Pay attention to this stress pattern to pronounce it naturally.
Connect with 'Cut'
Remember that 切る (kiru) means 'to cut.' 締め切る is like 'cutting off' access or time after a certain point, creating a definitive end.
Passive Voice is Common
The passive form 締め切られる (shimekrareru) is very commonly used to announce that a deadline has been set or an application period is closed. For example, '受付は締め切られました' (Reception has been closed).
Compound Nouns
Be aware of common compound nouns like 応募締め切り (application deadline), 提出締め切り (submission deadline), and 最終締め切り (final deadline), which are frequently used.
Cultural Importance
Japanese culture highly values punctuality and adherence to schedules, making 締め切る and 締め切り essential terms for daily life and formal procedures.
Practice with Examples
The best way to master 締め切る is to actively use it in sentences, create your own deadlines, and practice identifying it in various texts and conversations.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Imagine a door (閉める - shimeru) with a lock that is turned very tightly (締め - shime) and then the key is broken off (切る - kiru). This creates an unbreachable closure, symbolizing a deadline that cannot be passed. So, 締め切る is like locking the door of opportunity forever after a certain point.
Visual Association
Picture a calendar with a date circled in red. Then, imagine a pair of scissors cutting off that date from the calendar, signifying that after that day, nothing else can be added. Or, visualize a gate being slammed shut and locked tightly.
Word Web
Challenge
Try to use 締め切る in three different sentences related to your own life: one for a school assignment, one for a personal project, and one for a hobby or event you're interested in. For example, 'My essay deadline is next week, so I need to finish it,' or 'The deadline for signing up for the hiking club is Friday.'
Word Origin
The word 締め切る (shimekru) is composed of two parts: 締め (shime) and 切る (kiru). 締め (shime) comes from the verb 締める (shimeru), which means 'to tighten,' 'to fasten,' or 'to close.' 切る (kiru) means 'to cut.' Together, 締め切る literally means 'to cut off by tightening' or 'to fasten and cut off,' implying a definitive closure.
Original meaning: To fasten securely and then cut off, leading to a complete closure.
JaponicCultural Context
There are no particular sensitivities associated with this word. It is a neutral term used in everyday communication. However, the concept of strict deadlines can sometimes cause stress, so be mindful of the context when discussing them.
In English-speaking cultures, while deadlines are important, the language used might be more varied, such as 'due date,' 'cutoff date,' 'submission deadline,' or 'closing date.' The Japanese term 締め切り (shimekiri) is a very common and direct equivalent for 'deadline.'
Practice in Real Life
Real-World Contexts
Applying for a job or scholarship
- 応募締め切りはいつですか？
- 履歴書の提出は来週の金曜日で締め切ります。
- 締め切りを過ぎてしまったので、もう応募できません。
Submitting school assignments or projects
- レポートの締め切りは明日です。
- 課題の提出は、今日の午後5時に締め切ります。
- 締め切り厳守でお願いします。
Registering for events or workshops
- セミナーの参加申し込みは、今月中に締め切ります。
- 定員に達し次第、締め切らせていただきます。
- 締め切りまであとわずかです。
Business project management
- この企画書の締め切りは来週月曜日です。
- プロジェクトの各フェーズには締め切りが設定されています。
- 締め切りを延期することは可能でしょうか？
Public announcements and notices
- この公告は本日で締め切られます。
- 意見募集の期間は明日で締め切ります。
- 応募が締め切られました。
Conversation Starters
"Have you ever missed a deadline? What happened?"
"What's the most important deadline you've had to meet recently?"
"How do you usually manage your tasks to meet deadlines?"
"Do you think deadlines are helpful or stressful?"
"What kind of things have application deadlines in Japan?"
Journal Prompts
Describe a time you had to work very hard to meet a deadline. What strategies did you use?
Reflect on a situation where a deadline was extended. How did it affect your plans?
Write about the importance of deadlines in your academic or professional life. What are the consequences of missing them?
Imagine you are creating a new event. What would be your key deadlines for planning and execution?
How does the concept of 'closing' or 'setting a deadline' feel to you? Is it motivating or daunting?
Frequently Asked Questions
10 questions締め切る (shimekru) specifically means to close something off in terms of a deadline or an application period, implying a finality. For example, you 締め切る an application. 閉める (shimeru) is a general verb for closing physical objects like doors, windows, or shops. You 閉める a door. While both involve closing, their contexts are very different.
The most common noun form is 締め切り (shimekiri), which means 'deadline.' You will frequently hear and see this word used. For example, 'レポートの締め切りは明日です' (The deadline for the report is tomorrow).
Yes, but it's less common than its usage for deadlines. When used literally, it means to close something tightly or to seal it shut. For example, '窓を締め切って、外の音を遮断した' (I sealed the windows tightly and blocked out the outside noise). However, for simple physical closures, 閉める (shimeru) is usually preferred.
Both mean 'deadline' or 'time limit.' 締め切り (shimekiri) often specifically refers to the closure of an application, submission, or registration period. 期限 (kigen) is a more general term for a time limit or expiry date, which can apply to things like contracts or product shelf life. In many everyday contexts, they are interchangeable when referring to due dates.
You can say '締め切りを過ぎました' (Shimekiri o sugimashita) or '締め切りが過ぎました' (Shimekiri ga sugimashita). Both mean the deadline has passed. You might also hear 'もう締め切りだよ' (Mō shimekiri da yo), which is a more casual way of saying 'It's already the deadline.'
締め切る is used in both formal and informal contexts. The level of formality depends on the surrounding language (e.g., using polite verb endings like 締め切ります or casual endings like 締め切っちゃう). The noun 締め切り is very common in all registers.
This is the passive form of 締め切る. It means 'it has been closed' or 'the deadline has been set.' It's often used when the person or entity setting the deadline is not the focus, or when announcing that a period is over. For example, '応募はすでに締め切られました' (Applications have already been closed).
Yes, you can, but it might sound a bit formal for very personal goals. For example, '今年の目標を達成する締め切りは年末です' (The deadline to achieve this year's goals is the end of the year). More commonly, you might just state the goal and the date without using 締め切る.
When used for physical closure, 締め切る implies closing something very tightly, sealing it to prevent entry or passage, or to block something out (like sound or air). It's stronger than simply 'closing.' For example, sealing windows against a storm.
Yes, very common ones include '応募を締め切る' (to close applications), '提出を締め切る' (to close submissions), '締め切りはいつですか？' (When is the deadline?), and '締め切りが近い' (the deadline is approaching).
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Summary
締め切る (shimekru) is the verb for setting and enforcing a deadline, meaning to close off applications, submissions, or a period of acceptance. Its noun form, 締め切り (shimekiri), is the widely used word for 'deadline' itself. For example, 「応募期間を締め切ります」 (Ōbo kikan o shimekrimasu) means 'We will close the application period.'
- Verb: To close, to set a deadline.
- Commonly used for applications, submissions, projects.
- Noun form: 締め切り (shimekiri) means 'deadline'.
- Implies finality and cessation of acceptance.
Verb vs. Noun
Remember that 締め切る (shimekru) is the verb for the action of closing or setting a deadline, while 締め切り (shimekiri) is the noun meaning 'deadline' itself. Use 締め切る when describing the act of closing, and 締め切り when referring to the due date.
Particles with 締め切る
When using 締め切る as a transitive verb, the object being closed is typically marked with を (wo). For example, '応募期間を締め切る' (to close the application period). In the passive form, the subject is often marked with が (ga) or は (wa), like '応募が締め切られた' (Applications were closed).
Distinguish from 閉める
Do not confuse 締め切る (shimekru) with 閉める (shimeru). 締め切る is for deadlines and applications, while 閉める is for closing physical objects like doors or shops. This is a common point of confusion for learners.
Common Contexts
You will frequently hear or read 締め切る and 締め切り in contexts related to school assignments, job applications, event registrations, project submissions, and official announcements where deadlines are crucial.
Related Content
This Word in Other Languages
More business words
遅めに
B1Late or later than usual.
経理
B1Accounting, accounts department; managing financial records.
的確な
B1Accurate; precise; exactly correct.
達成する
B1To achieve; to accomplish a goal.
活性化
B2To make something more active, lively, or effective. It is used for communities (revitalization), economies (stimulation), and biological processes (activation).
付加
B2To add or attach something extra to an existing thing to increase its value or function.
優位性
B2The state of being in a superior or more advantageous position compared to others; an edge or competitive advantage.
有利
A2Advantageous, favorable; beneficial in a situation.
有利に
B1Advantageously; favorably.
宣伝する
B1To promote; to publicize; to advertise.
