B1 Connective Endings 7 min read Easy

As Soon As... (-자마자)

Use 자마자 for actions that trigger an immediate second event without any delay or past tense markers.

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use -자마자 to express that one action happens immediately after another action finishes.

  • Attach -자마자 directly to the verb stem (no space).
  • The tense is only marked at the end of the final clause.
  • The subjects of both clauses can be the same or different.
Verb Stem + 자마자 + Second Clause

Overview

Korean grammar boasts a rich array of connective endings that intricately weave clauses together, expressing nuanced relationships between actions and states. Among these, the ending -자마자 (romanization: jamaja) stands out for its emphatic declaration of immediate succession. It precisely communicates the idea of "as soon as" or "the moment that" one action concludes, another commences without any perceptible delay.

This isn't merely about chronological order; it's about a zero-interval transition between two events. Understanding -자마자 is crucial for B1 learners, as it allows for natural and dynamic expression of cause-and-effect relationships tied to instantaneous timing, moving beyond simple temporal sequencing.

Linguistically, -자마자 functions as a temporal conjunction, signaling that the initial action or event acts as an instantaneous trigger for the subsequent one. It highlights a direct and often unavoidable consequence or reaction. Unlike some other temporal expressions that merely state one event happened after another, -자마자 injects a sense of urgency, inevitability, or even surprise at the swiftness of the second action.

Mastering this pattern will enable you to articulate quick responses, automatic processes, and sudden developments in Korean with native-like fluidity, making your communication both clearer and more vivid.

How This Grammar Works

At its core, -자마자 functions as a verb stem connective ending, linking a preceding clause (the initial action or event) to a succeeding clause (the immediate consequence or subsequent action). The defining characteristic of this grammatical pattern is its unwavering commitment to immediacy. It implies that the time elapsed between the completion of the first action and the initiation of the second is negligible—effectively, zero.
This creates a strong bond between the two events, often implying a direct cause-and-effect relationship, even if explicitly stating one isn't the primary goal.
A crucial aspect of -자마자 is its tense handling. The ending itself does not carry any tense information. Instead, the tense of the entire sentence is determined solely by the final verb or adjective in the main clause.
This means you will never attach past tense markers like -았/었- or future/conjecture markers like -겠- directly to the verb stem before -자마자. Doing so would be grammatically incorrect and sound unnatural to a native speaker. The first clause simply describes the event that acts as the trigger, and the second clause places that trigger-response sequence in time.
Furthermore, the subjects of the two clauses connected by -자마자 can be either the same or different, offering significant flexibility in sentence construction. For instance, you can describe how you did something as soon as you arrived, or how you did something as soon as the bell rang. This versatility allows you to depict complex interactions and events involving multiple participants without needing cumbersome restructuring.
Consider these examples:
  • 문을 열자마자 바람이 들어왔어요. (Mun-eul yeoljamaja barami deureowasseoyo.) – As soon as I opened the door, the wind came in. (Different subjects: I opened, wind came)
  • 집에 도착하자마자 손을 씻었어요. (Jibe dochakajamaja son-eul ssisseoyo.) – As soon as I arrived home, I washed my hands. (Same subject: I arrived, I washed)
  • 수업이 끝나자마자 다들 밖으로 나갔어요. (Sueop-i kkeunnajamaja dadeul bakkeuro nagasseoyo.) – As soon as the class ended, everyone went outside. (Initial action is impersonal, subsequent action has a subject)
These examples illustrate how -자마자 efficiently compresses two sequential events into a single, cohesive statement, underscoring the tight temporal link between them. The grammatical structure forces the listener or reader to perceive the actions as occurring almost simultaneously, making it a powerful tool for conveying dynamic scenarios.

Formation Pattern

1
The formation of -자마자 is remarkably straightforward, making it one of the more accessible intermediate connective endings in Korean. It attaches directly to the verb stem of the preceding action verb. Unlike many other grammar patterns that differentiate based on whether the stem ends in a vowel or a consonant, -자마자 has no such distinction. This simplifies its application and reduces potential errors during conjugation.
2
The Basic Formula:
3
| Part | Rule | Example Verb Stem | Resulting Form |
4
| :------------- | :---------------------------------- | :---------------- | :------------------ |
5
| Verb Stem | Remove from the dictionary form | 가- (to go) | 가자마자 |
6
| | | 먹- (to eat) | 먹자마자 |
7
| | | 읽- (to read) | 읽자마자 |
8
| | | 도착하- (to arrive) | 도착하자마자 |
9
| | | 열리- (to open) | 열리자마자 |
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Let's see this in complete sentence structures, demonstrating how the tense and politeness level are determined by the final verb:
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Present/Future Tense (Casual 해체):
12
밥을 먹자마자 바로 잠들었어요. (Babeul meokjamaja baro jamdeureosseoyo.) – As soon as I ate, I fell asleep immediately. (Past tense on final verb)
13
집에 도착하자마자 전화할게. (Jibe dochakajamaja jeonhwahalge.) – I'll call you as soon as I arrive home. (Future tense on final verb)
14
Present/Future Tense (Formal 합니다체):
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소식을 듣자마자 달려왔습니다. (Sosigeul deutjamaja dallyeowasseumnida.) – As soon as I heard the news, I rushed over. (Past tense on final verb)
16
업무가 끝나자마자 보고하겠습니다. (Eommu-ga kkeunnajamaja bogohagetseumnida.) – I will report as soon as the work is finished. (Future tense on final verb)
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Notice that in all these examples, -자마자 remains unchanged, highlighting its invariant nature. This ease of formation allows learners to quickly integrate it into their active vocabulary.

When To Use It

-자마자 is primarily employed when you want to emphasize that the second action or event occurred instantaneously after the first, with no significant interval. It's about capturing moments of rapid succession and immediate response. Here are the key contexts and nuances for its usage:
  1. 1Instantaneous Reactions (Physical/Emotional): Use -자마자 to describe automatic responses, reflexes, or immediate emotional shifts triggered by an event.
  • 그 말을 듣자마자 얼굴이 빨개졌어요. (Geu mareul deutjamaja eolguri ppalgajyeosseoyo.) – As soon as I heard those words, my face turned red. (Immediate emotional/physical reaction).
  • 종이 울리자마자 학생들이 교실을 나섰습니다. (Jongi ullijamaja haksaengdeuri gyosil-eul naseosseumnida.) – As soon as the bell rang, the students left the classroom. (Immediate, collective physical reaction).
  1. 1Sudden Occurrences or Developments: It's perfect for describing situations where something unexpected or rapid happens right after a preceding condition is met.
  • 비가 그치자마자 해가 떴어요. (Biga geuchijamaja haega tteosseoyo.) – As soon as the rain stopped, the sun came out. (Sudden change in weather).
  • 스위치를 켜자마자 불이 나갔어요. (Seuwichireul kyeojamaja buri nagasseoyo.) – As soon as I turned on the switch, the light went out. (Immediate malfunction).
  1. 1Planned Immediate Actions/Intentions: When you intend to perform an action without delay once a certain condition is fulfilled, -자마자 is suitable.
  • 시험이 끝나자마자 여행을 갈 거예요. (Siheomi kkeunnajamaja yeohaeng-eul gal geoyeyo.) – As soon as the exam finishes, I'm going to travel. (Stated immediate future plan).
  • 퇴근하자마자 운동하러 갈게요. (Taegeunhajamaja undonghareo galgeyo.) – I'll go to exercise as soon as I leave work. (Personal immediate plan).
  1. 1Expressing Urgency or Impatience: Native speakers often use -자마자 to convey a sense of urgency, impatience, or the desire for something to happen without delay.
  • 기차에서 내리자마자 역무원에게 물어봤어요. (Gicha-eseo naerijamaja yeongmuwon-ege mureobwasseoyo.) – As soon as I got off the train, I asked the station attendant. (Expressing quick action to get information).
  1. 1Common Phrases and Social Contexts: -자마자 appears frequently in everyday expressions and social interactions.
  • 오자마자 갔어요. (Ojamaja gasseoyo.) – I came right away / I left as soon as I came. (Often implies a very brief visit).
  • 만나자마자 헤어졌어요. (Mannajamaja he-eojyeosseoyo.) – We broke up as soon as we met. (Exaggerated, but conveys a very short relationship).
This pattern is versatile across various communication styles, from casual conversation to more formal writing, as its politeness level is managed by the final clause's ending. It fundamentally alters the perception of time between events from a simple sequence to an instantaneous connection.

Common Mistakes

While -자마자 is grammatically straightforward, learners frequently make specific errors, primarily concerning tense, adjective usage, and the implied time interval. Addressing these directly will solidify your understanding and prevent awkward phrasing.
  1. 1Incorrect Tense Marking on the -자마자 Clause: This is arguably the most common mistake. As discussed, -자마자 itself never carries tense. Tense is only applied to the final verb of the main clause. Attempting to add past tense -았/었- or future/conjecture -겠- to the verb stem before -자마자 is incorrect.
  • Incorrect: 집에 도착했자마자 밥을 먹었어요. (X) – The -했- is superfluous and wrong.
  • Correct: 집에 도착하자마자 밥을 먹었어요. (O) – As soon as I arrived home, I ate.
  • Incorrect: 내일 가겠자마자 연락할게요. (X) – The -겠- is misplaced.
  • Correct: 내일 가자마자 연락할게요. (O) – As soon as I go tomorrow, I’ll contact you.
  1. 1Usage with Adjectives: -자마자 is designed to connect actions or processes (verbs). It is generally not used with descriptive adjectives (형용사 hyeongyongsa).
  • Incorrect: 아름답자마자 사진을 찍었어요. (X) – This attempts to say

Formation Table

Verb Stem Ending Result
자마자
가자마자
자마자
먹자마자
자마자
읽자마자
자마자
보자마자
자마자
듣자마자
만나
자마자
만나자마자

Meanings

This grammar expresses that the second action occurs immediately following the completion of the first action.

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Immediate Sequence

Action B happens right after Action A.

“학교에 가자마자 친구를 만났어요.”

“수업이 끝나자마자 나갔어요.”

Reference Table

Reference table for As Soon As... (-자마자)
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Stem + 자마자
도착하자마자 전화해요.
Past Tense
Stem + 자마자 + Past
도착하자마자 전화했어요.
Future Tense
Stem + 자마자 + Future
도착하자마자 전화할게요.
Negative
Stem + 자마자 + Negative
도착하자마자 전화 안 했어요.
Question
Stem + 자마자 + Question
도착하자마자 전화할까요?
Different Subjects
Subj1 + Stem + 자마자 + Subj2 + Verb
내가 오자마자 그가 나갔어요.

Formality Spectrum

Formal
도착하자마자 연락드리겠습니다.

도착하자마자 연락드리겠습니다. (Texting a friend vs. boss)

Neutral
도착하자마자 연락할게요.

도착하자마자 연락할게요. (Texting a friend vs. boss)

Informal
도착하자마자 연락할게.

도착하자마자 연락할게. (Texting a friend vs. boss)

Slang
도착하자마자 톡할게.

도착하자마자 톡할게. (Texting a friend vs. boss)

Immediate Sequence Concept

Action A

Result

  • Action B Immediate Follow-up

Examples by Level

1

도착하자마자 전화하세요.

Call as soon as you arrive.

2

집에 가자마자 씻어요.

I wash as soon as I go home.

3

먹자마자 자요.

I sleep as soon as I eat.

4

보자마자 웃었어요.

I laughed as soon as I saw it.

1

수업이 끝나자마자 친구를 만났어요.

I met a friend as soon as class ended.

2

비가 오자마자 우산을 폈어요.

I opened my umbrella as soon as it rained.

3

소식을 듣자마자 울었어요.

I cried as soon as I heard the news.

4

일어나자마자 물을 마셔요.

I drink water as soon as I wake up.

1

그는 나를 보자마자 도망갔어요.

He ran away as soon as he saw me.

2

여름이 되자마자 날씨가 더워졌어요.

The weather got hot as soon as summer started.

3

결과를 확인하자마자 합격 소식을 알렸어요.

I announced the news of passing as soon as I checked the results.

4

퇴근하자마자 운동하러 갈 거예요.

I will go to exercise as soon as I finish work.

1

경찰이 도착하자마자 상황이 정리되었습니다.

The situation was resolved as soon as the police arrived.

2

그녀는 제안을 듣자마자 거절했습니다.

She refused as soon as she heard the proposal.

3

문제가 생기자마자 연락해 주십시오.

Please contact me as soon as a problem arises.

4

그는 책을 펴자마자 읽기 시작했습니다.

He started reading as soon as he opened the book.

1

그 소식을 접하자마자 그는 깊은 생각에 잠겼다.

As soon as he encountered the news, he fell into deep thought.

2

전쟁이 발발하자마자 국경이 폐쇄되었다.

The borders were closed as soon as the war broke out.

3

그는 무대에 오르자마자 관객을 사로잡았다.

He captivated the audience as soon as he stepped on stage.

4

계약서에 서명하자마자 효력이 발생합니다.

The effect takes place as soon as the contract is signed.

1

그는 눈을 뜨자마자 어제의 일을 회상하기 시작했다.

As soon as he opened his eyes, he began to recall yesterday's events.

2

정부가 정책을 발표하자마자 시장은 요동쳤다.

The market fluctuated as soon as the government announced the policy.

3

그는 고향 땅을 밟자마자 눈물을 쏟았다.

He burst into tears as soon as he stepped on his hometown soil.

4

사건의 전모가 드러나자마자 여론은 들끓었다.

Public opinion boiled over as soon as the full picture of the incident was revealed.

Easily Confused

As Soon As... (-자마자) vs -고 나서

Both indicate sequence.

Common Mistakes

갔자마자

가자마자

Do not add past tense to the first verb.

먹었자마자

먹자마자

Tense only goes at the end.

도착한 자마자

도착하자마자

No space allowed.

비가 온 자마자

비가 오자마자

Incorrect noun-modifying form.

Sentence Patterns

___자마자 ___했어요.

Real World Usage

Texting constant

도착하자마자 톡해!

💡

Tense Rule

Only the final verb gets the tense!

Smart Tips

Use -자마자 for speed.

밥을 먹고 공부했어요. 밥을 먹자마자 공부했어요.

Pronunciation

ja-ma-ja

Linking

The '자' sound is pronounced clearly, and the '마' follows without a pause.

Rising-Falling

도착하자마자↗ 연락할게요↘

Shows a natural flow of information.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of 'Ja-ma-ja' as 'Jump-my-jump'—you jump from one action to the next instantly!

Visual Association

Imagine a domino effect. As soon as the first domino falls, the second one hits the floor immediately.

Rhyme

Action one, action two, -자마자 links them through.

Story

Min-su wakes up. He checks his phone. He jumps out of bed. He says: '눈을 뜨자마자 핸드폰을 보고, 일어나자마자 씻어요.'

Word Web

도착하다끝나다먹다보다듣다만나다

Challenge

Write 5 sentences about your morning routine using -자마자.

Cultural Notes

In Korean offices, using -자마자 is common when reporting completion of tasks to show efficiency.

Derived from the noun '자' (time/moment) and '마자' (as soon as).

Conversation Starters

집에 가자마자 무엇을 해요?

Journal Prompts

Describe your morning routine using -자마자.

Common Mistakes

Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct

Test Yourself

Fill in the blank.

집에 ___ (도착) 자마자 잤어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Use the stem.

Score: /1

Practice Exercises

1 exercises
Fill in the blank.

집에 ___ (도착) 자마자 잤어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Use the stem.

Score: /1

Practice Bank

10 exercises
Reorder the words to mean 'As soon as the bus came, I got on.' Sentence Reorder

버스 / 오자마자 / 탔어요 / 가

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 버스가 오자마자 탔어요
Translate into Korean: 'As soon as I finish work, I will go home.' Translation

Translate: 'As soon as I finish work, I will go home.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 퇴근하자마자 집에 갈 거예요.
Match the verb to its 'as soon as' form. Match Pairs

Match the following pairs:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 보다:보자마자, 하다:하자마자, 씻다:씻자마자, 닫다:닫자마자
Fill in the blank. Fill in the Blank

뉴스를 ___ 소리를 질렀어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 듣자마자
Which one sounds more natural for immediate sequence? Multiple Choice

You hit a button and a light turns on. How do you describe it?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 버튼을 누르자마자 불이 켜졌어요.
Find the error. Error Correction

시험이 끝나자마자 친구들하고 놀겠어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 끝나자마자 is correct.
Arrange the words. Sentence Reorder

올리자마자 / 사진을 / 친구가 / 봤어요

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 사진을 올리자마자 친구가 봤어요
Translate: 'As soon as I saw her, I knew.' Translation

How do you say 'As soon as I saw her, I knew' in Korean?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 그녀를 보자마자 알았어요.
Match the modern scenarios. Match Pairs

Match the trigger to the result:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 로그인하자마자:알림이 왔어요, 결제하자마자:문자가 왔어요, 앱을 열자마자:광고가 나와요
Fill in the blank. Fill in the Blank

도착___ 연락할게요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 하자마자

Score: /10

FAQ (1)

No, it requires dynamic verbs.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish high

tan pronto como

Spanish requires tense agreement; Korean does not.

French high

dès que

French uses a subordinate clause; Korean uses a connective ending.

German high

sobald

German word order changes; Korean remains consistent.

Japanese high

~するやいなや

Japanese has more formal variants; Korean -자마자 is universal.

Chinese high

一...就...

Chinese uses a two-part structure; Korean uses a suffix.

Arabic high

بمجرد أن

Arabic uses a prepositional phrase; Korean uses a verb ending.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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