At the A1 level, the word 문건 (Mungon) might seem a bit difficult because it is not an everyday word like 'apple' or 'school.' However, you can think of it simply as a very formal way to say 'paper' or 'document.' Imagine you are in an office. There are many papers on the desk. If one of those papers is very important, like a special report for the boss, someone might call it a '문건.' At this level, you don't need to use this word yourself very often. Instead, you should focus on recognizing it when you see it in a formal setting. For example, if you see a sign in a library that says '문건 보호' (Protect Documents), you should know it means 'Take care of the papers.' It is made of two parts: '문' (writing) and '건' (thing/item). So, it literally means 'a writing thing.' Even though you will mostly use '서류' (seoryu) for papers in your A1 studies, knowing '문건' helps you understand that some papers are more official than others. Don't worry about the complex grammar yet; just remember: 문건 = formal document.
As an A2 learner, you are starting to understand different social settings. You know that you speak differently to a friend than you do to a teacher or a boss. The word 문건 (Mungon) is part of that 'formal' world. You might hear this word at a part-time job or see it in a simple news headline. At this level, you should learn that 문건 is usually used with verbs like '보다' (to see) or '있다' (to have/exist). For example, '중요한 문건이 있어요' (There is an important document). You can also start to see it in compound words. A '비밀 문건' is a 'secret document.' If you are watching a Korean drama and a character finds a hidden file, they might say '이 문건은 뭐지?' (What is this document?). This is a great way to remember the word. It's not just any paper; it's a paper that matters. You should also be careful not to confuse it with '물건' (mul-geon), which means 'object' or 'thing.' Remember: Mun is for writing, Mul is for stuff. Practicing this distinction will help your listening skills significantly.
At the B1 level, which is your current level, 문건 (Mungon) becomes a very useful word for discussing more complex topics like work, news, and society. You are now expected to understand the nuance between '서류' (general papers) and 문건 (formal/sensitive documents). In a professional environment, you might be asked to '문건을 작성하다' (draft a document). This sounds much more professional than '서류를 만들다.' You should also become familiar with the word in the context of news and media. Korea often has news stories about '문건 유출' (document leaks). Understanding this term allows you to follow basic news reports about politics or business scandals. You should practice using 문건 with formal endings like '-습니다' or '-어요' in a professional context. For instance, '이 문건을 검토해 주세요' (Please review this document). This level is about precision; using 문건 instead of '종이' or '서류' shows that you recognize the formal nature of the information you are handling. It's a key word for anyone looking to work in a Korean-speaking environment or understand Korean current events.
For B2 learners, 문건 (Mungon) is a word that appears frequently in academic texts, legal discussions, and high-level business meetings. At this stage, you should understand the 'administrative' weight of the word. It's not just a document; it's a formalized record that can have legal or political consequences. You should be able to use it in complex sentences with advanced grammar. For example, '문건의 진위 여부를 파악하는 것이 급선무입니다' (Identifying the authenticity of the document is the first priority). You should also understand its usage in specific fields. In the legal field, 문건 is often an exhibit or a piece of evidence. In government, it refers to policy papers or internal memos. You should also start to recognize more advanced collocations like '문건을 입수하다' (to obtain a document) or '문건을 폐기하다' (to discard/shred a document). At B2, you are expected to navigate the 'hanja' (Chinese character) roots of words more effectively. Knowing that '건' (件) refers to a 'case' or 'item' helps you understand why 문건 feels like a specific, counted object in a list of administrative tasks.
At the C1 level, your understanding of 문건 (Mungon) should extend to its historical and socio-political implications. You should be able to discuss the role of '문건 정치' (document-based politics) in Korea, where the leaking or discovery of certain documents can change the course of an election or a government's reputation. You should also be comfortable using the word in archival and research contexts. For instance, discussing '역사적 문건의 보존' (preservation of historical documents) requires an understanding of how these items are categorized and valued over centuries. At this level, you should also be able to distinguish between 문건 and even more specialized terms like '사료' (historical materials) or '공문' (official correspondence). Your usage should be flawless, reflecting the appropriate register. You might use the word in a formal presentation to describe the methodology of a study: '본 연구는 정부의 비공개 문건을 분석함으로써...' (This study, by analyzing non-disclosed government documents...). At C1, you aren't just using the word; you are using it to build authoritative and nuanced arguments in professional and academic discourse.
At the C2 level, 문건 (Mungon) is understood within the broadest possible linguistic and philosophical framework. You recognize it as a fundamental unit of bureaucratic and legal reality. You can analyze the 'discourse of the document'—how the creation, classification, and destruction of 문건 reflect the power structures of a society. A C2 speaker might engage in a philological discussion about the evolution of the term from traditional administrative law to modern digital governance. You would understand how the term 문건 functions in the 'Information Act' (정보공개법) and the nuances of '기록물' (records) versus 문건 in legal statutes. Your ability to use the word is secondary to your ability to critique its use in propaganda, legal defense, or historical revisionism. You might discuss the '문건 유출 파동' (document leak waves) of various administrations with a deep understanding of the cultural obsession with written proof in Korean society. At this level, the word is a tool for deep cultural and structural analysis, used with the precision of a native expert in law, history, or political science.
The Korean word 문건 (Mungon) is a noun that translates most directly to 'document' or 'papers,' but its usage is significantly more nuanced than the general term '서류' (seoryu). While '서류' is the everyday word you would use for application forms, bank papers, or school reports, 문건 carries a heavier, more formal, and often more sensitive connotation. It typically refers to a specific piece of written or printed information that has been formalized for a particular purpose, such as a government report, a legal brief, or a confidential internal memo. In the context of Korean society, when you hear the word 문건 on the evening news, it almost always implies something of significance—perhaps a secret document that has been leaked or a critical piece of evidence in a high-profile investigation. Understanding 문건 requires looking beyond the physical paper and understanding the administrative and legal weight it carries.
- Administrative Context
- In government or corporate settings, a 문건 is an official record. It is not just a draft; it is an 'item' of documentation that has been categorized and filed. For example, a '기획 문건' (planning document) is the formalized result of a planning process.
검찰은 그 비밀 문건을 확보했습니다. (The prosecution secured that secret document.)
Historically, the term has roots in the administrative culture of East Asia, where 'writing' (文) and 'item/case' (件) combined to denote specific recorded instances of governance. In modern South Korea, the word is frequently associated with political scandals. You might hear about '문건 유출' (document leaks), which suggests that sensitive information intended for internal eyes only has made its way to the public. This gives the word a slightly 'heavy' or 'serious' feeling. If you were to call a child's drawing a 문건, it would sound humorous or overly dramatic because the word implies a level of formality and objective value. It is used when the content of the document is more important than the physical medium itself. For instance, an email can be referred to as a 문건 if it is being treated as a formal record in an investigation.
- Legal Weight
- In a courtroom, a 문건 is often presented as '증거 문건' (evidentiary document). This highlights its role as a factual record that can prove or disprove a claim.
이 문건의 진위 여부를 확인해야 합니다. (We must verify the authenticity of this document.)
Furthermore, the word is used to categorize types of information. A '대외비 문건' is a document classified as confidential for external parties. This usage shows how the word is embedded in the hierarchy of information management. In a digital age, while '파일' (file) is common, 문건 remains the preferred term in formal discourse to describe the intellectual content of that file. If a politician says, 'I have never seen that document,' they will likely use 문건 to sound more precise and official. It creates a distance between the speaker and the item, treating it as an object of scrutiny.
- News & Media
- Journalists use 문건 to describe reports they have obtained through investigative journalism. It adds a layer of 'officialdom' to their reporting.
단독 입수한 문건에 따르면... (According to the document we exclusively obtained...)
To wrap up, 문건 is a word that bridges the gap between simple 'writing' and 'official record.' It is a B1-level word because while it is common, it requires an understanding of formality and context to use correctly. You wouldn't use it for a grocery list, but you would use it for the minutes of a high-level corporate meeting. It represents the structured, recorded side of Korean professional and political life.
Using 문건 (Mungon) correctly involves pairing it with specific verbs and adjectives that reflect its formal nature. Because it refers to a formalized document, the actions performed on it are usually professional or investigative. You don't just 'write' a 문건 in the casual sense of '쓰다'; you '작성하다' (to draft/prepare/compile) it. You don't just 'look at' it; you '검토하다' (to review) or '분석하다' (to analyze) it. Understanding these collocations is key to sounding natural in a B1 or higher Korean context.
- Creation and Preparation
- When a document is being brought into existence, formal verbs are used. '문건을 작성하다' is the standard way to say someone is drafting a report or formal document.
그는 회의를 위해 관련 문건을 작성하고 있습니다. (He is drafting the relevant documents for the meeting.)
Another important aspect of 문건 usage is its role in information flow. In Korean corporate and political culture, the 'leak' of a document is a major event. The verb '유출하다' (to leak) is almost inseparable from 문건 in news headlines. Similarly, '입수하다' (to obtain/acquire) is used when a party gets their hands on a document they weren't supposed to have, or when the police secure evidence. These verbs elevate the sentence from a simple description to a narrative of professional or legal action.
- Information Security
- Terms like '기밀 문건' (classified document) or '비공개 문건' (non-disclosed document) are used to describe the sensitivity of the information.
중요한 문건이 외부로 유출되었습니다. (An important document has been leaked to the outside.)
When discussing the content of a 문건, you use verbs like '명시하다' (to specify/state clearly) or '담겨 있다' (to contain/be contained within). For example, '이 문건에는 구체적인 계획이 담겨 있다' (Specific plans are contained in this document). This highlights the document as a container of information. If you are in a debate, you might say, '문건의 내용에 따르면...' (According to the contents of the document...), which provides an objective basis for your argument. This is much more formal than saying '이 종이에 써 있는 것처럼' (Like it's written on this paper).
- Verification and Analysis
- Actions like '검증하다' (to verify) or '폐기하다' (to discard/shred) are common in administrative contexts.
기밀 문건은 즉시 폐기해야 합니다. (Classified documents must be destroyed immediately.)
Finally, consider the particles. Because 문건 is the object of many actions, you will frequently see it with the object marker '을/를'. However, when it is the subject of a state (like being leaked or being found), '이/가' is used. '문건이 발견되었다' (The document was discovered). In summary, using 문건 effectively requires you to think like a professional—focus on drafting, reviewing, securing, and analyzing the written word as a formal object of value.
If you are living in Korea or consuming Korean media, you will encounter the word 문건 (Mungon) in very specific, high-stakes environments. It is not a word you usually hear at the dinner table or while hanging out with friends at a cafe, unless those friends are lawyers, journalists, or government officials discussing their work. The most common place to hear this word is in the news media. Korean news broadcasts are filled with reports on political investigations, and '문건' is a staple term in these narratives.
- News Broadcasts
- Whenever there is a political scandal, the phrase '청와대 문건' (Blue House documents) or '검찰 문건' (Prosecution documents) frequently appears. It implies that a physical or digital record has become a central piece of evidence.
오늘 뉴스에서는 정부의 내부 문건 유출 사건을 보도했습니다. (Today's news reported on the government's internal document leak incident.)
In the workplace, specifically in large corporations (Chaebols) or government offices, 문건 is used during formal briefings. A subordinate might present a '보고 문건' (report document) to a superior. This isn't just a casual update; it's a formalized summary of work. If you work in a Korean office, your boss might ask, '그 문건 다 됐나?' (Is that document finished?), referring to a specific, formal report you've been assigned. The use of this word underscores the professional distance and the formal nature of the task at hand.
- Legal and Courtroom Settings
- Lawyers use this word to refer to exhibits and formal filings. '증거 문건 제1호' (Evidentiary Document No. 1) is a common phrase in legal transcripts.
변호인은 새로운 증거 문건을 제출했습니다. (The defense attorney submitted a new evidentiary document.)
Additionally, you will find this word in academic and historical research. Historians might talk about '역사적 문건' (historical documents) when referring to old manuscripts or diplomatic records from the Joseon Dynasty. In this context, the word emphasizes the document as a primary source of truth. Even in digital spaces, when discussing cybersecurity, experts will talk about '악성 문건' (malicious documents), referring to Word or PDF files that contain viruses. This shows how the word has adapted from paper to digital formats while maintaining its sense of being a distinct, functional 'item' of information.
- Cybersecurity
- In IT, a '문건' can be an attachment that is analyzed for threats. '문건 보안' (document security) is a major field in corporate IT.
의심스러운 문건은 함부로 열어보지 마세요. (Do not open suspicious documents carelessly.)
In summary, 문건 is the language of authority, evidence, and formal record-keeping. You hear it where decisions are made, where laws are enforced, and where history is recorded. For a learner, recognizing this word is a sign that the conversation has moved into a serious, professional, or investigative territory.
One of the most common pitfalls for English speakers learning Korean is overusing 문건 (Mungon) in casual situations where '서류' (seoryu) or '종이' (jong-i) would be much more appropriate. Because 'document' is a broad term in English, learners often pick 문건 from a dictionary without realizing its formal and heavy connotation. Using 문건 for a simple homework assignment or a printed recipe sounds very strange to a native speaker—it would be like calling a shopping list an 'official dossier.'
- Confusing Mungon with Seoryu
- '서류' is for general paperwork (visas, applications). '문건' is for specific, often sensitive or formal reports. Don't say '비자 문건' (visa document); say '비자 서류' (visa papers).
❌ 숙제 문건을 냈어요. (I submitted my homework document - Sounds like a government report.)
✅ 숙제를 냈어요. / 숙제 서류를 냈어요.
Another common mistake is confusing 문건 (物件) with 물건 (物件 - same Hanja in some contexts, but usually 'object/item' in Korean). While they sound similar, '물건' (mul-geon) refers to physical objects like a chair, a phone, or a bag. If you accidentally say '이 문건은 비싸요' (This document is expensive) when you mean 'this object is expensive,' people will be confused. Remember: Mun (文) is for writing/literature, while Mul (物) is for physical things. Always check if you are talking about 'writing' or 'stuff.'
- Register Mismatch
- Using 문건 in informal speech (Banmal) is rare. It is a word that belongs in Jondaemal (polite) or formal written Korean. If you use it with friends, it might sound like you're roleplaying a detective.
❌ 친구야, 이 문건 좀 봐. (Hey friend, look at this document - Too formal for a casual setting.)
✅ 친구야, 이 서류 좀 봐. / 이 종이 좀 봐.
Lastly, learners sometimes fail to use the correct formal verbs with 문건. Using '만들다' (to make) with 문건 is grammatically okay but stylistically weak. Since 문건 is a formal word, it demands a formal verb like '작성하다' (to draft). Using high-level nouns with low-level verbs creates a 'linguistic dissonance' that makes your Korean sound unbalanced. Aim for consistency in formality across your entire sentence. If the noun is 'heavy,' the verb should be too.
- Verb Pairing
- Avoid: '문건을 만들다' (Make a document). Prefer: '문건을 작성하다' (Draft a document). This shows a higher level of linguistic competence.
In summary, avoid using 문건 for daily paperwork, don't confuse it with 'physical object' (물건), keep it out of casual slang, and always pair it with formal verbs. By navigating these common errors, you will move from a basic learner to a more sophisticated speaker who understands the weight of Korean administrative vocabulary.
To truly master 문건 (Mungon), you must understand how it sits within a family of similar words. Korean has several terms for documents, each with its own specific 'vibe' and usage scenario. Choosing the wrong one won't necessarily make you misunderstood, but it will make you sound less precise. Let's compare 문건 with its closest relatives: 서류, 문서, and 기록.
- 문건 (Mungon) vs. 서류 (Seoryu)
- 서류 is the most common and versatile word. It refers to any kind of paperwork. 문건 is more specific, often implying a 'piece' of information or a report with investigative or formal value. Think of 서류 as 'papers' and 문건 as 'a specific document item.'
For example, if you go to a bank, you fill out '서류'. If a detective finds a secret report in a safe, they call it a '문건'. The difference is primarily in the degree of formality and the specific 'itemized' nature of the document. 문건 is often used when the document is being treated as an object of study or evidence.
- 문건 (Mungon) vs. 문서 (Munseo)
- 문서 (文書) is perhaps the closest synonym. However, 문서 is a broader category that includes any written record, including digital files. 문건 is slightly more 'administrative' and 'item-focused.' In office software, you'll see '새 문서' (New Document), but in a police report, you'll see '관련 문건' (Related Document/Item).
공문서 (Official Document) vs. 기밀 문건 (Confidential Document). 'Munseo' is the type, 'Mungon' is the specific item.
Another related word is 기록 (Girok), which means 'record.' While a 문건 is a physical or digital document, a 기록 is the act of recording or the historical data itself. You might find a 문건 that contains a 기록. If you are talking about the history of a company, you talk about their '기록'. If you are looking at the specific paper that lists the history, you call it a '문건'.
- Summary Table of Alternatives
-
- 종이 (Jong-i): Paper (the material).
- 서류 (Seoryu): Paperwork (general/daily).
- 문서 (Munseo): Document (broad/generic).
- 문건 (Mungon): Document/Item (formal/specific/sensitive).
- 기록 (Girok): Record (historical/factual).
In professional writing, you might also see 서면 (Seomyeon), which means 'in writing' or 'written form.' For example, '서면으로 보고하다' means 'to report in writing.' This focuses on the mode of communication rather than the document as an object. When you want to sound sophisticated, choosing between these words based on the context shows that you understand not just the meaning, but the 'social weight' of the information you are describing.
Examples by Level
이 문건은 무엇입니까?
What is this document?
'이' (this) + '문건' (document) + '은' (topic marker) + '무엇입니까' (what is it - formal).
문건이 책상 위에 있어요.
The document is on the desk.
'문건' + '이' (subject marker) + '책상 위' (on the desk) + '에 있어요' (exists at).
그 문건을 주세요.
Please give me that document.
'그' (that) + '문건' + '을' (object marker) + '주세요' (please give).
문건을 읽어요.
I read the document.
'문건' + '을' (object marker) + '읽어요' (read - present tense).
이것은 중요한 문건입니다.
This is an important document.
'이것' (this thing) + '중요한' (important) + '문건' + '입니다' (is - formal).
문건이 많아요.
There are many documents.
'문건' + '이' + '많아요' (to be many).
문건을 봐요.
Look at the document.
'문건' + '을' + '봐요' (look/see).
선생님, 문건 여기 있어요.
Teacher, the document is here.
'여기' (here) + '있어요' (is/exists).
사무실에서 문건을 찾았어요.
I found the document in the office.
'사무실에서' (at the office) + '찾았어요' (found - past tense).
비밀 문건을 보지 마세요.
Don't look at secret documents.
'비밀' (secret) + '문건' + '-지 마세요' (don't do).
그 문건은 어디에 있습니까?
Where is that document?
'어디에' (where) + '있습니까' (is it - formal question).
문건을 가방에 넣으세요.
Put the document in the bag.
'가방에' (in the bag) + '넣으세요' (please put in).
회의 문건을 준비했어요?
Did you prepare the meeting documents?
'회의' (meeting) + '준비했어요' (prepared - past tense).
이 문건을 복사해 주세요.
Please copy this document.
'복사해 주세요' (please copy for me).
새로운 문건이 들어왔어요.
A new document has come in.
'새로운' (new) + '들어왔어요' (came in).
문건에 이름을 쓰세요.
Write your name on the document.
'문건에' (on the document) + '이름을 쓰세요' (write name).
정부 문건이 유출되어 문제가 되었습니다.
The government document was leaked and became a problem.
'유출되어' (be leaked and...) + '문제가 되었습니다' (became a problem).
관련 문건을 꼼꼼히 검토해 보시기 바랍니다.
I hope you will review the relevant documents thoroughly.
'꼼꼼히' (thoroughly) + '검토해 보시기 바랍니다' (hope you try reviewing).
이 문건에는 구체적인 계획이 포함되어 있습니다.
Specific plans are included in this document.
'포함되어 있습니다' (is included - passive state).
회의 전에 배포된 문건을 읽어 오세요.
Please read the documents distributed before the meeting.
'배포된' (distributed) + '읽어 오세요' (read and come).
해당 문건은 대외비로 분류되었습니다.
The document in question has been classified as confidential.
'대외비로' (as confidential) + '분류되었습니다' (was classified).
문건을 작성할 때 주의할 점이 있나요?
Are there any points to be careful about when drafting the document?
'작성할 때' (when drafting) + '주의할 점' (points to be careful).
경찰은 사건과 관련된 문건을 확보했습니다.
The police secured documents related to the case.
'확보했습니다' (secured/obtained).
이 문건의 출처가 어디인지 아십니까?
Do you know where the source of this document is?
'출처' (source) + '어디인지' (where it is).
문건의 진위 여부를 확인하기 위해 조사가 진행 중입니다.
An investigation is underway to verify the authenticity of the document.
'진위 여부' (authenticity/true or false status) + '진행 중' (in progress).
그는 기밀 문건을 무단으로 반출한 혐의를 받고 있습니다.
He is suspected of taking classified documents out without authorization.
'무단으로' (without permission) + '반출한 혐의' (suspicion of taking out).
보고 문건의 내용이 사실과 다르다는 주장이 제기되었습니다.
Claims have been raised that the content of the report document differs from the facts.
'주장이 제기되었습니다' (a claim was raised).
해당 문건은 법적 효력이 없는 것으로 판명되었습니다.
The document in question was found to have no legal effect.
'법적 효력' (legal effect) + '판명되었습니다' (was proven/turned out).
문건 작성 과정에서 중대한 오류가 발견되었습니다.
A significant error was discovered during the process of drafting the document.
'작성 과정' (drafting process) + '중대한 오류' (grave error).
이 문건은 당시의 정치적 상황을 잘 보여줍니다.
This document clearly shows the political situation of that time.
'당시의' (of that time) + '보여줍니다' (shows).
정보공개 청구를 통해 해당 문건을 열람할 수 있습니다.
You can view the document through an information disclosure request.
'정보공개 청구' (request for information disclosure) + '열람할 수' (can view).
문건의 핵심 내용을 요약해서 보고해 주세요.
Please summarize and report the core content of the document.
'핵심 내용' (core content) + '요약해서' (summarize and...).
이번 사태의 핵심은 유출된 문건의 작성 경위입니다.
The core of this situation is the circumstances behind the drafting of the leaked document.
'작성 경위' (circumstances/process of drafting).
역사적 문건에 대한 철저한 고증이 필요합니다.
Thorough historical research and verification of the historical documents are necessary.
'철저한 고증' (thorough historical verification).
문건에 명시된 조항들은 상호 합의 하에 작성되었습니다.
The clauses specified in the document were drafted under mutual agreement.
'명시된 조항' (specified clauses) + '상호 합의 하에' (under mutual agreement).
그 문건은 국가 안보에 직결되는 민감한 정보를 담고 있습니다.
That document contains sensitive information directly related to national security.
'직결되는' (directly connected) + '담고 있습니다' (contains).
문건의 파기 시점을 두고 관계자들의 진술이 엇갈리고 있습니다.
Statements from those involved are conflicting regarding the timing of the document's destruction.
'파기 시점' (time of destruction) + '진술이 엇갈리고' (statements are conflicting).
디지털 포렌식을 통해 삭제된 문건을 복구하는 데 성공했습니다.
They succeeded in recovering the deleted document through digital forensics.
'복구하는 데 성공했습니다' (succeeded in recovering).
해당 문건은 특정 이익 집단의 로비 정황을 뒷받침합니다.
The document in question supports the circumstances of lobbying by a specific interest group.
'로비 정황' (lobbying circumstances) + '뒷받침합니다' (supports/backs up).
문건의 문체와 용어로 보아 전문가의 소행임이 분명합니다.
Judging by the style and terminology of the document, it is clearly the work of an expert.
'문체와 용어' (style and terminology) + '소행임이 분명합니다' (clear that it is the act/deed of).
문건의 존재 자체가 권력 구조의 불투명성을 시사합니다.
The very existence of the document suggests the opacity of the power structure.
'불투명성' (opacity/lack of transparency) + '시사합니다' (suggests/implies).
해당 문건은 근대 행정 체계의 확립 과정을 추적하는 데 귀중한 사료입니다.
The document in question is a valuable historical resource for tracing the establishment process of the modern administrative system.
'확립 과정' (establishment process) + '추적하는 데' (in tracing).
문건의 자구 하나하나에 담긴 정치적 함의를 분석해야 합니다.
We must analyze the political implications contained in every single word and phrase of the document.
'자구 하나하나' (every single word and phrase) + '정치적 함의' (political implications).
기록 문화의 정수인 의궤는 단순한 문건 이상의 가치를 지닙니다.
Uigwe, the essence of recording culture, possesses value beyond that of mere documents.
'정수' (essence) + '이상의 가치' (value beyond).
문건의 형식적 완결성보다는 그 이면에 숨겨진 의도에 주목해야 합니다.
We should pay attention to the intentions hidden behind the document rather than its formal completeness.
'형식적 완결성' (formal completeness) + '이면' (the back/hidden side).
정부의 문건 관리 시스템에 대한 전면적인 개편이 요구되는 시점입니다.
It is a time when a full-scale reorganization of the government's document management system is required.
'전면적인 개편' (full-scale reorganization) + '요구되는 시점' (time when it is required).
문건의 진정성을 둘러싼 논란은 사회적 불신을 심화시키고 있습니다.
The controversy surrounding the authenticity of the document is deepening social distrust.
'진정성' (authenticity/sincerity) + '심화시키고' (deepening/intensifying).
텍스트로서의 문건은 발화자의 권위를 대리하는 기표로 기능합니다.
The document as a text functions as a signifier that represents the authority of the speaker.
'대리하는 기표' (signifier that represents/replaces) + '기능합니다' (functions).
Example
중요한 문건을 잘 보관해야 합니다.
Related Content
This Word in Other Languages
More business words
에 대한
A2Concerning or relating to; about, regarding.
~대하여
A2About, concerning, regarding.
대해서
A2Concerning or with regard to; about, regarding.
에 대해
A2About; regarding.
풍요롭다
A2To be abundant, prosperous, or rich.
관철하다
B2To carry through, achieve, or persist in one's will or goal until it is accomplished, despite difficulties.
~에 따라
B1According to, depending on; as stated by or determined by.
에 따라
A2According to; in accordance with.
에 의하면
B1According to; as stated by or reported by.
계좌번호
A2A unique identifier for a bank account.
