A0 章节
零起点 · 24 总规则
你还没学过:language。我们从零开始吧。
The Gurmukhi Script: Consonants
Introduction to the 35 primary letters of the Punjabi alphabet. Learn the sounds and shapes of the Gurmukhi writing system.
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Vowel Signs and Nasalization
Mastering the ten vowel signs (Laga Matra) and nasalization marks. Understand how vowels attach to consonants to form syllables.
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The Secret of Tones
Explore the unique tonal nature of Punjabi. Learn how h-sounds change the pitch of words (Low, High, and Level tones).
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The First Hello
Basic greetings and social etiquette in Punjabi culture. Learn how to introduce yourself and use polite phrases.
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Numbers and Counting
Counting from 1 to 20 and basic cardinal numbers. Learn the logic behind Punjabi numerical structures.
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Essential Survival Nouns
Common nouns for everyday objects and places. Building a foundational vocabulary for immediate use.
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A1 章节
入门 · 19 总规则
你能使用熟悉的日常用语和基本短语。
Noun Gender: Boys and Girls
Understanding the two-gender system (Masculine and Feminine). Learn how word endings usually indicate the gender of a noun.
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Pluralizing the World
Rules for changing singular nouns into plurals. Discover the patterns for both masculine and feminine noun endings.
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Me, You, and Them
Personal pronouns in Punjabi across different levels of formality. Learn the distinction between 'Tu', 'Tusi', and 'Aap'.
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The Magic of Postpositions
Introduction to Punjabi postpositions (equivalent to English prepositions). Learn the basic markers like 'Da', 'De', and 'Di'.
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The Oblique Case: The Great Shift
How nouns change their form when followed by a postposition. This is a fundamental rule of Punjabi sentence structure.
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Being and Having
Using the verb 'to be' (Hona) in the present tense. Learn how to say 'I am' and 'I have'.
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Daily Habits: Present Habitual
Describing routine actions using the present habitual tense. Learn the '-da' suffix for verbs.
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Right Now: Present Continuous
Expressing actions happening at this very moment. Using the auxiliary 'Reha' to show ongoing progress.
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Describing Things: Adjectives
Using adjectives to modify nouns. Learn how adjectives must agree with the gender and number of the noun.
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Asking Questions
Forming basic questions using interrogative words like 'Ki', 'Kithon', and 'Kyon'. Learn the rising intonation pattern.
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Saying No: Negation
How to negate sentences using 'Nahi' and 'Na'. Learn where to place the negative particle in a sentence.
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Possession and Belonging
Using possessive pronouns and the 'Da' postposition. Learn how to say 'my', 'your', and 'his/her'.
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Telling Time
Vocabulary and grammar for hours, minutes, and parts of the day. Learn how to ask and answer 'What time is it?'
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Basic Conjunctions
Connecting ideas with 'Te', 'Par', and 'Kyonki'. Learn to build longer, more complex sentences.
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The Imperative: Giving Orders
Forming commands and requests. Learn the difference between polite requests and direct orders.
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A2 章节
初级 · 3 总规则
你能理解与日常生活相关的句子和常用表达。
The Simple Past
Talking about completed actions in the past. Introduction to the past tense endings for regular verbs.
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The Past Habitual
Describing things you used to do. Using the '-da si' construction for past routines.
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Looking Ahead: Future Tense
Expressing future intentions and predictions. Learn the '-ga/-ge/-gi' suffixes for the future tense.
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The Ergative 'Ne' Particle
Introduction to the most famous Punjabi grammar rule. Learn when to use 'Ne' with transitive verbs in the past tense.
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Comparing Things
Using 'Nalo' and 'Sab ton' to make comparisons. Learn how to say 'better than' and 'the best'.
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Adverbs of Manner and Place
Modifying actions with adverbs like 'Holi' (slowly) and 'Cheti' (quickly). Learn common spatial adverbs.
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Complex Postpositions
Using compound postpositions like 'De nede' (near) and 'De piche' (behind). Expanding spatial descriptions.
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Modal Verbs: Can and Could
Expressing ability and possibility using the verb 'Sakna'. Learn how to conjugate 'Sakna' in various tenses.
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Modal Verbs: Must and Should
Expressing necessity and obligation using 'Chahida' and 'Paina'. Learn the difference between moral and physical necessity.
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The Conjunctive Participle
Using the 'Kar-ke' construction to link two actions. Learn how to say 'After doing X, I did Y'.
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Numbers: Ordinals and Fractions
Advanced counting including 'first', 'second', 'half', and 'quarter'. Learn how to use these in daily shopping.
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Reflexive Pronouns
Using 'Aap' and 'Apna' to refer back to the subject. Understand the crucial difference between 'his' and 'his own'.
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Weather and Nature
Grammatical structures for describing the climate and environment. Using impersonal 'it' constructions in Punjabi.
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Family and Relations
The complex Punjabi kinship system. Learn the specific grammar used for maternal vs. paternal relatives.
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Direct and Indirect Objects
Distinguishing between 'Nu' for people and zero-marking for objects. Mastering the flow of transitive sentences.
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B1 章节
中级 · 2 总规则
你能应对旅行、工作或学校中遇到的大多数情况。
Compound Verbs: The Explainer
Introduction to verb sequences like 'Kha lena' or 'Kar dena'. Learn how the second verb adds nuance to the first.
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The Perfective Aspect
Deep dive into the perfect tense. Understanding how state and action interact in Punjabi past forms.
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Subjunctive Mood: Hopes and Fears
Using the subjunctive to express wishes, doubts, and hypothetical situations. Learn the 'Je... tan' structure.
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Relative Clauses: The Person Who...
Using 'Jo' and 'Jehra' to connect clauses. Learn how to provide additional information about a noun.
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The Passive Voice
How to focus on the action rather than the doer. Using the auxiliary 'Jana' to form passive constructions.
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Causative Verbs: Making it Happen
The first level of causatives. Learn how to change 'to do' into 'to make someone do'.
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Advanced 'Ne' Usage
Handling exceptions and tricky cases with the ergative marker. Learn which verbs do NOT take 'Ne' despite being transitive.
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Indefinite Pronouns
Using 'Koi', 'Kujh', and 'Kade' (someone, something, ever). Learn how these change in the oblique case.
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Durative and Iterative Actions
Expressing 'keep on doing' and 'do repeatedly'. Using 'Rehna' and 'Karna' as secondary verbs.
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Reported Speech
How to relay what someone else said. Using the conjunction 'Ki' and adjusting tenses and pronouns.
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Conditional Sentences: Type 1 & 2
Real and unreal conditions. Mastering the 'If... then' logic for likely and unlikely scenarios.
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Adverbs of Degree
Using intensifiers like 'Bahut', 'Ziada', and 'Bilkul'. Learn how to add emphasis to your descriptions.
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Participial Adjectives
Using verb forms as adjectives (e.g., 'the sleeping boy'). Learn how to derive these from verb roots.
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Interjections and Fillers
Sounding like a native with 'Hae', 'Oho', and 'Acha'. Learn the cultural context of common Punjabi exclamations.
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B2 章节
中高级 · 2 总规则
你能与母语者自然流畅地交流。
Double Causatives
The second level of causatives. Learn how to say 'to get something done by someone through someone else'.
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Complex Compound Verbs
Advanced combinations of three or more verb elements. Understanding the subtle shades of meaning in complex predicates.
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The Presumptive Mood
Expressing probability in the present and past. Using the future auxiliary to mean 'must be' or 'might have'.
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Nominalization: Verbs as Nouns
Using the infinitive as a noun. Learn how to say 'Smoking is bad' or 'I like dancing'.
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Advanced Relative Clauses
Correlative structures using 'Jithe... uthe' and 'Jidon... tadon'. Mastering spatial and temporal links.
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Echo Words and Reduplication
The Punjabi habit of repeating words for emphasis or variety (e.g., 'Chah-vuh', 'Roti-shoti').
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Formal and Honorific Registers
Mastering the high-level polite speech used in formal settings. Learn specific vocabulary for 'Aap' contexts.
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Particles of Emphasis
Using 'Hi', 'Vi', and 'To' to shift the focus of a sentence. Learn how placement changes the entire meaning.
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Complex Conditionals: Type 3
Regrets and hypothetical pasts. 'If I had known, I would have come'.
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Inceptive and Permissive Verbs
Using 'Lagna' to mean 'to start' and 'Dena' to mean 'to let'. Mastering the oblique infinitive construction.
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Abstract Noun Formation
Turning adjectives and verbs into abstract nouns. Using suffixes like '-ta', '-pun', and '-ai'.
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Syntactic Inversion for Poetry
Changing word order for rhetorical effect. Understanding how Punjabi's flexible word order works in literature.
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C1 章节
高级 · 1 总规则
你能理解长篇复杂文本中的隐含意义。
Perso-Arabic vs. Indic Vocabulary
Choosing the right register. Understanding when to use 'Dost' (Persian) vs. 'Mittar' (Sanskrit/Indic).
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Advanced Discourse Markers
Using 'Halanki', 'Phaltu', and 'Asal vich' to structure long arguments and narratives.
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Nuances of the 'Ne' Particle
Literary and dialectal variations of the ergative. Understanding how 'Ne' is used in different regions of Punjab.
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Ellipsis and Omission
Mastering the art of what NOT to say. Understanding how context allows for the dropping of subjects and auxiliaries.
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Idiomatic Verb Phrases
Verbs that don't mean what they seem. Mastering 'Aana', 'Khana', and 'Lagna' in idiomatic contexts.
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Advanced Tense Sequencing
Handling multiple time frames in complex storytelling. Mastering the flow between past and present narrative.
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The Rhetorical Question
Using question forms to make statements or express sarcasm. Understanding the cultural weight of tone in questions.
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Legal and Administrative Punjabi
The specialized grammar and vocabulary used in official documents and courtrooms.
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Dialectal Grammar: Majhi vs. Malwai
Understanding the grammatical differences between the major dialects of Punjabi.
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The Passive of Ability
A unique construction used to say 'I cannot do this' (It is not done by me).
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C2 章节
精通 · 1 总规则
你几乎能轻松理解所读到和听到的一切。
The Grammar of Sufi Poetry
Exploring the linguistic structures used by Bulleh Shah and Waris Shah. Archaic verb forms and metaphors.
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Archaic and Classical Syntax
Reading old manuscripts. Understanding the evolution of Punjabi grammar from the 15th century to today.
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Stylistic Mastery in Oratory
Rhetorical devices for public speaking. Using parallelism, alliteration, and rhythmic prose (Vartak).
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Nuanced Irony and Satire
Using grammar to convey subtle layers of meaning, humor, and social critique.
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The Philosophy of Grammar
Deep dive into the semantic logic of Punjabi. How the language shapes thought through its unique aspectual system.
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为什么要学Punjabi语法？
语法是语言流利的基础。不理解语法模式，你可以背单词但很难造出正确的句子。以下是系统学习语法重要的原因：
造出准确的句子
超越死记硬背的短语。理解规则，这样你就能在任何场景下造出原创且正确的句子。
通过语言考试
语法是所有主要语言考试的必考内容——IELTS、DELE、DELF、JLPT、HSK、TOPIK等。我们的CEFR对标课程直接对应考试要求。
听懂母语者
掌握语法帮助你分析复杂句子、理解言外之意，即使说话者使用高级语法结构也能跟上对话。
更快进步
系统学习语法的学生比仅靠沉浸式学习的人更快达到流利水平。结构化学习加速进步。
我们的Punjabi语法课程如何运作
选择你的等级
从你的CEFR等级开始——从A0零基础到C2精通。不确定？从A0开始，按自己的节奏前进。
学习结构化章节
每个章节都围绕一个语法主题展开，包含清晰讲解、规律表格和真实例句。
通过练习巩固
用互动练习测试理解——填空、选择题、造句和翻译练习。
追踪与提升
你的进度会自动保存。完成章节，解锁新等级，看着你的语法能力不断提升。
关于Punjabi语法的常见问题
SubLearn涵盖52条Punjabi语法规则，按7个CEFR等级（从A0到C2）组织为77个结构化章节。每条规则都包含清晰的讲解、真实例句和互动练习题。
我们的Punjabi语法课程涵盖从A0到C2的CEFR等级。每个等级都根据你的当前水平设计——初学者从A1的基础句型开始，高级学习者在C1-C2阶段学习复杂的语法结构。
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