Portuguese Grammar Hub

Understand Portuguese Grammar Faster

Browse the grammar system by level and category, then open clear explanations with practical examples.

401 Total Rules
81 Chapters
6 CEFR level
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Active filters: CEFR level: B2
B2 Compound Tenses Verified

Portuguese Past Participle: The `ter` vs. `ser` Rule

Use the unchanging participle with `ter` and the agreeing participle with `ser` or `estar` to master this structure.

  • • The past participle is a verb form, like "spoken"...
  • • With `ter`, it's invariable: `tenho falado`.
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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B2 Compound Tenses Verified

Present Perfect (Repeated Actions)

Use this tense for actions that started in the past and are still repeating lately, not for single finished events.

  • • Formed with 'Ter' (present) + Past Participle.
  • • Means 'have been doing', NOT just 'have done'.
12 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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B2 Advanced Syntax

Hypothetical Past (If I had known...)

To talk about past regrets, combine 'tivesse' (had) with 'teria' (would have) plus the main verb.

  • • Use for past events that didn't happen.
  • • Structure: Se + tivesse [participle], teria [parti...
11 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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B2 Future & Conditional Verified

Portuguese Conditional: Expressing 'Would' (Eu faria)

The Portuguese Conditional expresses hypothetical desires and polite requests by adding specific suffixes to any infinitive verb.

  • • Used for 'would' scenarios, polite requests, and h...
  • • Formed by adding endings (-ia, -ias, -ia, -íamos,...
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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B2 Future & Conditional Verified

Future & Conditional Stems: I will/would do (dir, far, trar)

Master the 'Big Three' (dir, far, trar) to unlock professional-level future and conditional Portuguese conversations.

  • • Most verbs use the full infinitive as the stem for...
  • • Only three irregular stems: dizer (dir-), fazer (f...
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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B2 Future & Conditional

Short & Sweet: Irregular Conditional Stems

Dizer, Fazer, and Trazer shorten their stems to Dir-, Far-, and Trar- before adding conditional endings.

  • • Dizer becomes 'dir-' + endings
  • • Fazer becomes 'far-' + endings
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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B2 Compound Tenses

Ongoing actions with Ter (Tenho feito)

Use `tenho + participle` to talk about habits or actions that started recently and are still happening today.

  • • Uses `ter` (present) + past participle to show ong...
  • • Equivalent to English 'I have been doing' for habi...
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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B2 Sentence Structure

Forming Passive Voice (Ser + Participle)

Use `Ser` + Participle to emphasize the receiver of an action, ensuring the participle agrees with the new subject.

  • • Object becomes the Subject.
  • • Use verb `Ser` + Past Participle.
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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B2 Sentence Structure Verified

Passive Voice: Focusing on the Action (`Voz Passiva`)

The passive voice uses `ser` or `se` to highlight the result of an action over the doer.

  • • Use `ser` + past participle for formal passive voi...
  • • Past participles must match the subject's gender a...
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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B2 Sentence Structure

Passive Voice: Introducing Agents with 'by' (pelo/pela)

Introduce agents using `por` (pelo/pela) while ensuring the past participle matches the subject's gender and number.

  • • Use 'ser' + past participle + 'por' to show who pe...
  • • The preposition 'por' contracts with articles: pel...
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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B2 Sentence Structure

The 'By' Phrase in Portuguese (Passive Agent)

The passive agent identifies the doer using 'por' while keeping the focus on the action's result.

  • • The passive agent shows who performs the action in...
  • • It always follows a preposition, usually 'por' (pe...
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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Why Learn Portuguese Grammar?

Grammar is the foundation of language fluency. Without understanding grammar patterns, you can memorize vocabulary but struggle to form correct sentences. Here's why structured grammar study matters:

Build Accurate Sentences

Move beyond memorized phrases. Understand the rules so you can create original, correct sentences in any situation.

Pass Language Exams

Grammar is tested in every major language exam — IELTS, DELE, DELF, JLPT, HSK, TOPIK, and more. Our CEFR-aligned curriculum maps directly to exam requirements.

Understand Native Speakers

Knowing grammar helps you parse complex sentences, understand nuance, and follow conversations even when speakers use advanced constructions.

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Students who study grammar systematically reach fluency faster than those who rely on immersion alone. Structure accelerates learning.

How Our Portuguese Grammar Course Works

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Choose Your Level

Start with your CEFR level — from A0 Zero Point to C2 Mastery. Not sure? Begin at A0 and progress at your own pace.

2

Study Structured Chapters

Each chapter covers a grammar topic with clear explanations, pattern tables, and real-world example sentences.

3

Practice with Exercises

Test your understanding with interactive exercises — fill-in-the-blank, multiple choice, sentence building, and translation practice.

4

Track & Progress

Your progress is saved automatically. Complete chapters, unlock new levels, and watch your grammar mastery grow.

Frequently Asked Questions About Portuguese Grammar

SubLearn covers 401 Portuguese grammar rules organized across 6 CEFR proficiency levels (from A1 to C2), spanning 81 structured chapters. Each rule includes clear explanations, real-world examples, and interactive practice exercises.

Our Portuguese grammar curriculum covers CEFR levels from A1 to C2. Each level is designed to match your current proficiency — beginners start with basic sentence patterns at A1, while advanced learners tackle nuanced structures at C1-C2.

Yes! All Portuguese grammar rules, explanations, and examples are completely free to access. You can browse the full curriculum, read detailed explanations, and practice with exercises at no cost.

Grammar is organized into 81 thematic chapters following the CEFR framework. Each chapter groups related rules together — for example, verb tenses, sentence structure, or particles — so you can learn related concepts in a logical sequence.

Yes! Create a free account to track which grammar rules you've studied, see your progress across all CEFR levels, and pick up exactly where you left off. Your learning progress syncs across devices.

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