Frio/a
Frio/a in 30 Seconds
- Frio is the basic Portuguese word for 'cold', used for weather, objects, and people.
- Use 'Está frio' for the weather and 'Estou com frio' for your personal feeling.
- The word changes to 'fria' when describing feminine nouns like 'água' or 'cerveja'.
- Metaphorically, it describes someone who is emotionally distant or calculating.
The word frio (masculine) or fria (feminine) is a fundamental adjective in the Portuguese language, primarily used to describe a low temperature relative to the human body or the environment. While its most literal application is to the weather or physical objects, its semantic range extends deep into human psychology, social interactions, and even culinary preferences. Understanding 'frio' requires more than just knowing it means 'cold'; it requires understanding the distinction between permanent states and temporary sensations, a nuance often dictated by the verbs ser, estar, and fazer.
- Environmental Temperature
- When referring to the weather, Portuguese speakers use the verb 'fazer'. You will hear 'Faz frio lá fora' (It is cold outside). This treats 'frio' almost as a noun or a condition being produced by the environment. It is the standard way to discuss the climate or the temperature of a room.
- Physical Objects and Food
- When a cup of coffee has lost its heat, it is 'café frio'. Here, the adjective describes a state. If the coffee is always meant to be cold (like iced coffee), one might use 'ser', but if it has simply cooled down, 'estar' is the choice: 'O café está frio'.
- Personality and Emotion
- Metaphorically, 'frio' describes a person who lacks emotion, empathy, or warmth. A 'pessoa fria' is someone perceived as calculating, distant, or indifferent. This usage is common in literature and daily gossip to describe social behavior.
"O inverno em Portugal pode ser muito frio e húmido, especialmente nas casas antigas."
"Ela deu uma resposta fria que encerrou a conversa imediatamente."
- Sensory Perception
- The word is also used for the sensation of touch. 'Mãos frias, coração quente' (Cold hands, warm heart) is a popular proverb used when someone notices another person's hands are chilly.
"Não gosto de tomar banho com água fria logo de manhã."
"Ele manteve o sangue frio durante a emergência."
"Esta sopa já está fria; podes aquecê-la?"
Using 'frio' correctly involves navigating three distinct grammatical structures that English speakers often find confusing. The first is the description of the environment, the second is the description of objects, and the third is the personal sensation of feeling cold. Mastering these three pillars will allow you to communicate effectively in any temperature-related situation.
- The 'Fazer' Construction (Weather)
- In Portuguese, the weather 'makes' cold. We say 'Faz frio' (It is cold). You can add adverbs to modify the intensity: 'Faz muito frio' (It is very cold) or 'Faz um frio de rachar' (It is freezing/splitting cold). This is an impersonal construction, meaning the verb 'fazer' stays in the third person singular.
- The 'Estar com' Construction (Sensation)
- Crucially, if you want to say 'I am cold', you do NOT say 'Eu sou frio' (which means you are a cold-hearted person) or 'Eu estou frio' (which means your body temperature is literally cold to the touch, like a corpse). Instead, you say 'Eu estou com frio' (I am with cold) or 'Eu tenho frio' (I have cold). The 'estar com' structure is the most common in Brazil, while 'ter' is very frequent in Portugal.
- Adjectival Agreement
- When 'frio' is used as a standard adjective to describe a noun, it must match the gender and number. 'Cerveja fria' (Cold beer), 'Invernos frios' (Cold winters), 'Noites frias' (Cold nights). Note that for drinks, 'gelada' (ice cold) is often preferred over 'fria'.
"As crianças estão com frio porque esqueceram os casacos."
"Ontem fez um frio terrível na serra."
"Ela prefere pizza fria no café da manhã."
"O mármore do chão é sempre muito frio."
"Não fiques aí parado no frio, entra!"
The word 'frio' is ubiquitous in Lusophone daily life, appearing in contexts ranging from casual morning greetings to intense psychological thrillers. Its usage is deeply embedded in how Portuguese speakers interact with their environment and each other.
- The Morning Greeting
- In the winter months, 'Bom dia! Que frio, hein?' (Good morning! Cold, isn't it?) is the standard icebreaker at the bakery (padaria) or the bus stop. It serves as a social lubricant, acknowledging a shared physical discomfort.
- The Weather Forecast (Previsão do Tempo)
- On the news, meteorologists talk about 'frentes frias' (cold fronts) moving across the country. You will hear phrases like 'A massa de ar frio trará neve para as zonas altas' (The cold air mass will bring snow to the high areas).
- In the Kitchen
- Waiters and home cooks use 'frio' constantly. 'Cuidado, o prato está quente, mas a comida está fria' (Careful, the plate is hot, but the food is cold). In Brazil, 'frios' as a plural noun refers to cold cuts (ham, cheese, salami) served as an appetizer.
"O repórter avisou que uma frente fria chegará amanhã."
"Vou pedir uma tábua de frios para acompanhar o vinho."
"Senti um frio na espinha quando vi a sombra."
"O clima frio é perfeito para ler um livro."
"Ele é um assassino frio e calculista nos filmes."
For English speakers, the word 'frio' is a minefield of literal translations that don't quite work in Portuguese. Because English uses 'to be' for almost everything temperature-related, learners often default to 'ser' or 'estar' incorrectly. Here are the most frequent errors and how to avoid them.
- Mistake 1: 'Eu sou frio' vs 'Estou com frio'
- If you say 'Eu sou frio', you are telling people you have a cold personality. If you want to say you are feeling cold because of the weather, you must use 'Estou com frio'. This is the most common mistake for A1 learners.
- Mistake 2: 'O tempo está frio' vs 'Faz frio'
- While 'O tempo está frio' is grammatically correct, it sounds slightly formal or redundant. Native speakers almost always prefer 'Está frio' or 'Faz frio'. Using 'ser' (O tempo é frio) implies a permanent climate, like in Siberia.
- Mistake 3: Gender Agreement with 'Frio' as a Noun
- When 'frio' is a noun (meaning 'the cold'), it is always masculine. 'O frio está de matar' (The cold is killing me). Learners sometimes try to make it feminine if they are a woman, but nouns have fixed genders regardless of the speaker.
"Errado: Eu sou frio (meaning 'I feel cold'). Correto: Eu estou com frio."
"Errado: A água está frio. Correto: A água está fria."
"Errado: Está fazendo uma noite fria. Correto: Está uma noite fria."
"Não confundas 'frio' com 'resfriado' (a cold/illness)."
While 'frio' is the most versatile word for cold, Portuguese offers a rich palette of synonyms that specify the intensity or the nature of the cold. Choosing the right one can make your speech much more descriptive and natural.
- Gelado vs. Frio
- 'Gelado' means 'ice-cold' or 'frozen'. If 'frio' is a 5/10 on the cold scale, 'gelado' is a 10/10. Use 'gelado' for ice cream, beer, or a day that is below freezing. 'Frio' is more general.
- Fresco
- 'Fresco' means 'cool' or 'fresh'. It is usually positive. 'Uma brisa fresca' is a pleasant cool breeze on a hot day. However, in some contexts, 'fresco' can be slang for someone who is overly picky or 'soft'.
- Gélido and Glacial
- These are literary or scientific terms. 'Gélido' is often used to describe an extremely cold look or a frozen landscape. 'Glacial' refers to glaciers or an incredibly slow and cold process.
"A cerveja tem de estar gelada, não apenas fria."
"O deserto fica gélido durante a noite."
"Está um tempo fresco e agradável para caminhar."
How Formal Is It?
"A massa de ar frio desloca-se para o norte."
"Está muito frio hoje, não achas?"
"Tô com um frio danado!"
"O boneco de neve gosta do frio!"
"Entramos numa fria com esse plano."
Fun Fact
The word 'frigid' in English comes from the same Latin root, but 'frio' is much more common and less clinical in Portuguese.
Pronunciation Guide
- Pronouncing the 'r' like an English 'r' (it should be a tap).
- Pronouncing the final 'o' as a strong 'oh' (it should be 'u').
- Making the 'i' too short.
- Adding an extra vowel sound between 'f' and 'r'.
- Stressing the final syllable.
Difficulty Rating
Very easy to recognize and read.
Simple spelling, but requires gender agreement.
The 'r' tap and final 'u' sound need practice.
Distinct sound, easy to pick out in speech.
What to Learn Next
Prerequisites
Learn Next
Advanced
Grammar to Know
Gender Agreement
O vento é frio. A brisa é fria.
Number Agreement
Os dias são frios. As noites são frias.
Verbs of Sensation
Usar 'estar com' para sensações físicas.
Impersonal 'Fazer'
Faz frio (não 'ele faz frio').
Diminutives
Friozinho (adds a sense of comfort or slightness).
Examples by Level
Hoje está muito frio.
Today is very cold.
Uses 'está' for current weather state.
Eu estou com frio.
I am cold.
Uses 'estar com' for personal sensation.
A água está fria.
The water is cold.
Feminine agreement with 'água'.
O leite está frio.
The milk is cold.
Masculine agreement with 'leite'.
Você tem frio?
Are you cold?
Uses 'ter' for sensation (common in Portugal).
O inverno é frio.
Winter is cold.
Uses 'ser' for a permanent characteristic.
Não gosto de frio.
I don't like cold.
'Frio' used as a noun here.
Onde está o meu casaco frio?
Where is my cold coat? (Wait, usually 'casaco para o frio')
Correction: 'Casaco para o frio' is more natural.
Ontem fez um frio terrível.
Yesterday it was terribly cold.
Past tense of 'fazer' for weather.
Prefiro o clima frio ao calor.
I prefer cold weather to heat.
Comparison between 'frio' and 'calor'.
A sopa já está fria, vou aquecê-la.
The soup is already cold, I'll heat it up.
Direct object pronoun 'la' referring to 'sopa'.
Comprei umas luvas para o frio.
I bought some gloves for the cold.
'O frio' as a noun meaning the cold weather.
Está um vento muito frio lá fora.
There is a very cold wind outside.
Adjective 'frio' modifying 'vento'.
Não bebas água tão fria.
Don't drink such cold water.
Imperative 'bebas' (informal).
As noites de outono são frias.
Autumn nights are cold.
Plural feminine agreement 'frias'.
O café esfriou depressa.
The coffee cooled down quickly.
Verb 'esfriar' derived from 'frio'.
Senti um frio na barriga antes do exame.
I felt butterflies in my stomach before the exam.
Idiomatic use of 'frio na barriga'.
Ele é um homem frio e distante.
He is a cold and distant man.
Metaphorical use for personality.
Está um friozinho bom para tomar um vinho.
It's a nice little chill for having some wine.
Diminutive 'friozinho' expressing coziness.
Mãos frias, coração quente.
Cold hands, warm heart.
Common proverb.
A notícia deixou-me frio.
The news left me cold (unmoved).
Metaphorical use for lack of reaction.
Mantenha o sangue-frio nesta situação.
Keep your cool in this situation.
Compound noun 'sangue-frio'.
O chão de mármore é sempre frio.
The marble floor is always cold.
Describing a physical property.
A guerra fria durou muitos anos.
The Cold War lasted many years.
Historical term 'Guerra Fria'.
A frente fria causou estragos no sul.
The cold front caused damage in the south.
Meteorological term.
Ela recebeu-nos com uma frieza inesperada.
She received us with unexpected coldness.
Noun 'frieza' (coldness of manner).
O motor do carro ainda está frio.
The car engine is still cold.
Technical context.
Ele calculou tudo friamente.
He calculated everything coldly.
Adverb 'friamente'.
Não me deixes aqui a falar para o frio.
Don't leave me here talking to the cold (to no one).
Idiomatic expression.
O clima gélido da montanha é perigoso.
The freezing mountain climate is dangerous.
Synonym 'gélido' for intensity.
A comida foi servida fria, o que foi dececionante.
The food was served cold, which was disappointing.
Adjective describing state of service.
Ele é conhecido pelo seu olhar frio.
He is known for his cold stare.
Metaphorical description.
A análise fria dos dados revelou a verdade.
The cold analysis of the data revealed the truth.
Metaphorical for 'objective/unbiased'.
O autor descreve a solidão como um deserto frio.
The author describes loneliness as a cold desert.
Literary metaphor.
A frieza do mármore contrastava com o calor da pele.
The coldness of the marble contrasted with the warmth of the skin.
Stylistic contrast.
Foi uma decisão tomada a sangue-frio.
It was a decision made in cold blood.
Idiomatic 'a sangue-frio'.
O enredo do filme é um pouco frio demais para mim.
The movie's plot is a bit too cold for me.
Describing artistic tone.
A corrente fria do Atlântico afeta o clima local.
The cold Atlantic current affects the local climate.
Geographical context.
Ele reagiu com uma indiferença fria.
He reacted with a cold indifference.
Emotional nuance.
A luz fria do escritório cansava os olhos.
The cold office light tired the eyes.
Describing light temperature (Kelvin).
A frieza ontológica da obra desafia o leitor.
The ontological coldness of the work challenges the reader.
Academic/Philosophical usage.
O poema evoca o frio como metáfora da finitude.
The poem evokes cold as a metaphor for finitude.
Literary analysis.
A sua retórica era fria, despida de qualquer ornamento.
His rhetoric was cold, stripped of any ornament.
Describing speech style.
O mármore, na sua frieza eterna, guardava segredos.
The marble, in its eternal coldness, kept secrets.
Personification/Poetic.
Trata-se de uma fria constatação da realidade.
It is a cold realization of reality.
Abstract usage.
A precisão fria do cirurgião salvou a vida do paciente.
The surgeon's cold precision saved the patient's life.
Positive connotation of 'cold' (professionalism).
O inverno da alma é mais frio que o da Sibéria.
The winter of the soul is colder than Siberia's.
Deep metaphor.
A friagem que entrava pela fresta era cortante.
The cold draft coming through the crack was sharp.
Use of 'friagem' for a draft.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
Often Confused With
Fio means wire or thread. Don't forget the 'r'!
Freio means brake (like in a car).
Rio means river. The 'f' is crucial.
Idioms & Expressions
— Revenge is a dish best served cold.
Ele esperou um ano para dar o troco; vingança é um prato frio.
informal— To waste one's time (beating cold iron).
Tentar convencê-lo é malhar em ferro frio.
informal— To leave someone out in the cold (abandon).
Eles deixaram-me no frio sem ajuda.
informal— To get into a mess or a bad situation.
Acho que entrei numa fria com este negócio.
slang (Brazil)— A wet blanket / a disappointment.
A notícia foi um banho de água fria nos nossos planos.
informal— To be indifferent or mediocre.
Aquele rapaz não ferve nem esfria.
informal— To be inconsistent or hypocritical.
Não confio nele, ele sopra o quente e o frio.
literaryEasily Confused
Sounds like 'cold'.
Resfriado is the illness (the common cold). Frio is the temperature.
Estou com um resfriado porque passei muito frio.
Both mean cold.
Gelado is much colder, often frozen or ice-cold.
O tempo está frio, mas o gelo está gelado.
Both mean cold.
Fresco is usually pleasant and light (cool).
A brisa está fresca, não está frio.
Both relate to cold.
Friagem refers specifically to a cold draft or the cold air itself.
Cuidado com a friagem da noite.
Both relate to cold.
Frieza is the noun for coldness of character or manner.
A sua frieza assustou-me.
Sentence Patterns
Está [adjective].
Está frio.
Eu estou com [noun].
Eu estou com frio.
Faz [adverb] frio.
Faz muito frio.
Sinto um [noun] na [body part].
Sinto um frio na barriga.
Uma [noun] fria está a chegar.
Uma frente fria está a chegar.
A [noun] do/da [noun] é [adjective].
A frieza da resposta foi chocante.
Sob a [noun] fria de [noun]...
Sob a luz fria de janeiro...
[Noun] + [Verb] + frio.
O café ficou frio.
Word Family
Nouns
Verbs
Adjectives
Related
How to Use It
Extremely high; among the top 500 words in Portuguese.
-
Eu sou frio.
→
Eu estou com frio.
The first means you have a cold personality; the second means you feel cold.
-
A água está frio.
→
A água está fria.
Adjectives must agree with the feminine noun 'água'.
-
Tenho um frio.
→
Tenho um resfriado.
Frio is a temperature; resfriado is the illness.
-
Está fazendo frio.
→
Está frio / Faz frio.
'Está fazendo' is okay but 'Faz frio' is more natural for weather.
-
O tempo é frio.
→
O tempo está frio.
'Ser' implies a permanent state; 'estar' is for the current weather.
Tips
Agreement
Always match 'frio' with the gender of the object. A beer is 'fria', but a juice is 'frio'.
Regionalism
In Portugal, 'Tenho frio' is standard. In Brazil, 'Estou com frio' is the way to go.
Intensity
Use 'gelado' when 'frio' isn't strong enough to describe the temperature.
Pronunciation
The final 'o' is very soft. It sounds almost like a whispery 'u'.
Butterflies
Use 'frio na barriga' for that nervous feeling before a big event.
Metaphors
Use 'frio' to describe an unfriendly atmosphere or a lack of enthusiasm.
Context
If you hear 'frios' in a supermarket, they are talking about the deli section.
Illness
Don't say 'Tenho um frio' when you are sick. Use 'resfriado'.
Wisdom
Remember 'Mãos frias, coração quente' to comment on someone's chilly hands.
Trouble
In Brazil, 'entrar numa fria' means getting into a difficult or annoying situation.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Frio starts with 'FR', just like 'Freezing'. If you are FR-eezing, you are in the FRI-o.
Visual Association
Imagine a giant blue letter 'F' made of ice cubes melting slowly.
Word Web
Challenge
Try to describe three things in your room that are 'frio' or 'fria' and three things that are 'quente'.
Word Origin
Derived from the Latin 'frigidus', which means cold, cool, or chilling. It has evolved through Vulgar Latin into the modern Romance forms.
Original meaning: Low temperature or lacking heat.
Indo-European > Italic > Romance > West Iberian > Portuguese.Cultural Context
Calling a person 'frio' can be a significant insult to their character, implying they are heartless.
English speakers often use 'cold' for illnesses (I have a cold). In Portuguese, this is 'resfriado' or 'constipação', never 'frio'.
Practice in Real Life
Real-World Contexts
Weather
- Está frio?
- Vai fazer frio?
- Que frio!
- Vento frio.
Food
- Comida fria.
- Café frio.
- Cerveja fria.
- Servir frio.
Health
- Estou com frio.
- Pés frios.
- Sentir frio.
- Tremer de frio.
Personality
- Pessoa fria.
- Coração frio.
- Olhar frio.
- Agir friamente.
Idioms
- Frio na barriga.
- Sangue-frio.
- Entrar numa fria.
- Banho de água fria.
Conversation Starters
"Você prefere o frio ou o calor?"
"Está muito frio na sua cidade hoje?"
"O que você gosta de comer quando faz frio?"
"Você já sentiu um frio na barriga antes de viajar?"
"Qual é o lugar mais frio que você já visitou?"
Journal Prompts
Descreva como é um dia perfeito de frio para você.
Você se considera uma pessoa quente ou fria emocionalmente? Por quê?
Escreva sobre uma vez que você passou muito frio.
Quais são as vantagens de viver em um clima frio?
Como o frio muda a rotina das pessoas na sua cidade?
Frequently Asked Questions
10 questionsYou say 'Estou resfriado' or 'Estou com um resfriado'. Never use 'frio' for the illness.
Yes, 'comida fria' is common. However, for drinks like beer, 'gelada' is more common.
They are mostly interchangeable for weather. 'Faz frio' is slightly more common in Brazil.
Yes, 'O frio' means 'the cold'. Example: 'O frio chegou cedo este ano'.
You can say 'Está gelado' or use the idiom 'Está um frio de rachar'.
No. A woman says 'Eu estou com frio' just like a man. The adjective only changes to 'fria' if it describes a feminine noun.
It means 'cold blood' but is used to describe someone who stays calm under pressure.
Yes, 'frios' can mean cold cuts (ham, cheese) or multiple cold days.
It's the diminutive. It often implies a cozy or slight chill.
You can simply say 'frio' or 'insensível'. Example: 'Ele é um homem frio'.
Test Yourself 190 questions
Translate to Portuguese: 'I am cold.'
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Translate to Portuguese: 'The water is cold.'
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Translate to Portuguese: 'It is very cold today.'
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Write a sentence using 'frio' as a noun.
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Translate to Portuguese: 'A cold person.'
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Translate to Portuguese: 'Cold hands, warm heart.'
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Write a sentence using 'sangue-frio'.
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Translate to Portuguese: 'The coffee is already cold.'
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Write a sentence about the winter using 'frio'.
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Translate to Portuguese: 'I felt butterflies in my stomach.'
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Translate to Portuguese: 'Don't drink cold water.'
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Write a sentence using the diminutive 'friozinho'.
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Translate to Portuguese: 'The cold front is coming.'
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Write a sentence using 'esfriar'.
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Translate to Portuguese: 'He calculated everything coldly.'
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Write a sentence using 'frieza'.
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Translate to Portuguese: 'It's freezing cold!'
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Write a sentence about a cold day you remember.
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Translate to Portuguese: 'Cold cuts platter.'
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Write a sentence using 'gelado' instead of 'frio'.
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Say: 'Está muito frio hoje.'
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Say: 'Estou com frio.'
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Say: 'A água está fria.'
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Say: 'Tenho frio nas mãos.'
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Say: 'Faz um frio de rachar.'
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Say: 'Senti um frio na barriga.'
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Say: 'O café está frio.'
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Say: 'Mãos frias, coração quente.'
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Say: 'A frente fria chegou.'
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Say: 'Ele é muito frio.'
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Say: 'Não gosto de frio.'
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Say: 'Está um friozinho bom.'
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Say: 'Sangue-frio é importante.'
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Say: 'O chão está frio.'
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Say: 'Vingança é um prato frio.'
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Say: 'O inverno é frio.'
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Say: 'Pés frios.'
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Say: 'Ar frio.'
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Say: 'Resposta fria.'
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Say: 'Calculado friamente.'
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Listen and write: 'Está frio.'
Listen and write: 'Estou com frio.'
Listen and write: 'Água fria.'
Listen and write: 'Faz muito frio.'
Listen and write: 'Frio na barriga.'
Listen and write: 'O café esfriou.'
Listen and write: 'Sangue-frio.'
Listen and write: 'Frente fria.'
Listen and write: 'Friozinho bom.'
Listen and write: 'Mãos frias.'
Listen and write: 'Noite fria.'
Listen and write: 'Inverno frio.'
Listen and write: 'Luz fria.'
Listen and write: 'Resposta fria.'
Listen and write: 'Tábua de frios.'
/ 190 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
The most important thing to remember is the verb choice: use 'fazer' or 'estar' for the weather (Está frio) and 'estar com' or 'ter' for your physical sensation (Estou com frio). Never say 'Eu sou frio' unless you mean you have no heart! Example: 'Está frio lá fora, por isso estou com frio.'
- Frio is the basic Portuguese word for 'cold', used for weather, objects, and people.
- Use 'Está frio' for the weather and 'Estou com frio' for your personal feeling.
- The word changes to 'fria' when describing feminine nouns like 'água' or 'cerveja'.
- Metaphorically, it describes someone who is emotionally distant or calculating.
Agreement
Always match 'frio' with the gender of the object. A beer is 'fria', but a juice is 'frio'.
Regionalism
In Portugal, 'Tenho frio' is standard. In Brazil, 'Estou com frio' is the way to go.
Intensity
Use 'gelado' when 'frio' isn't strong enough to describe the temperature.
Pronunciation
The final 'o' is very soft. It sounds almost like a whispery 'u'.
Example
Está muito frio hoje, leve um casaco.
Related Content
This Word in Other Languages
More general words
a cerca de
B1About; approximately.
à direita
A2To the right side.
à esquerda
A2To the left side.
a fim de
A2in order to
à frente
A2In front of.
a frente
A2At or toward the front.
À frente de
A2In front of
a tempo
A2on time, punctually
à volta de
A2Around.
abaixo
A1At a lower level or layer than; below.