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B1 verb 9 min read

试图

shitu

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips 试图 in 30 Seconds

Explanation 试图 in your Level:

At the A1 level, '试图' (shìtú) might be a bit advanced, as beginners usually learn '试试' (shìshì) first. However, you can think of it as a more serious way to say 'try.' While '试试' is like 'try a little bit' or 'try it out,' '试图' is used when you are really trying to do something difficult. For example, if you are trying to open a very heavy door, you are '试图' opening it. It is always followed by another action. In English, we say 'try to [action],' and in Chinese, it is '试图 [action].' It's a good word to recognize when you read short stories or news, but for your own speaking, you can stick to '试试' for now until you feel more confident with formal words.

At the A2 level, you are starting to see more formal Chinese in your reading. '试图' (shìtú) is a verb that means 'to attempt.' You will see it used to describe people's efforts to reach a goal. One key thing to remember is that '试图' is more formal than '想' (xiǎng - want to) or '要' (yào - will/want). If you '试图' do something, it means you are actually making an effort, not just thinking about it. For example, '他试图学习中文' means 'He is attempting to learn Chinese.' It suggests a serious effort. You should start noticing this word in simple news articles or formal letters. It helps you describe actions more precisely than just using 'try.'

At the B1 level, '试图' (shìtú) is a core vocabulary word. You should be able to use it to describe intentions and efforts in various contexts. It translates to 'attempt' or 'try to.' The nuance here is that '试图' often implies that the outcome is uncertain or that the task is challenging. It is very common in written Chinese and formal speech. You should distinguish it from '尝试' (chángshì), which is more about trying an experience for the first time. For example, you '尝试' a new food, but you '试图' solve a complex math problem. In your writing, use '试图' to show that a character or a person is taking deliberate steps towards a goal. It adds a layer of professionalism and clarity to your sentences.

At the B2 level, you should be comfortable with the formal register of '试图' (shìtú). It is a standard word in journalism, business, and literature. You should also be aware of how it interacts with other formal words. For instance, '试图' is often paired with '极力' (jílì - to the best of one's ability) or '一再' (yīzài - repeatedly). You should also be able to contrast it with '企图' (qǐtú), which has a negative connotation (like 'plotting' or 'scheming'). At this level, you can use '试图' to analyze motivations in texts, such as '作者试图表达...' (The author attempts to express...). This word is essential for nuanced discussion and sophisticated writing.

At the C1 level, '试图' (shìtú) is a word you likely encounter daily in high-level texts. You should understand its subtle implications in different registers. For example, in a political context, saying a leader '试图' to implement a policy might subtly suggest that the policy is facing resistance or is unlikely to succeed. You should also be familiar with related classical-style compounds like '力图' (strive to) or '妄图' (vainly attempt - very negative). Your use of '试图' should be precise, reflecting the subject's level of intent and the formality of the situation. You can use it to construct complex arguments, such as '本文试图通过对数据的分析，揭示...' (This paper attempts to reveal, through data analysis...)

At the C2 level, '试图' (shìtú) is a basic tool used with extreme precision. You understand its historical roots—how '图' (tú) evolved from 'map' to 'plan' to 'seek.' You can distinguish the fine lines between '试图', '尝试', '设法', '力图', and '企图' in any context. In literary analysis or philosophical discourse, you might use '试图' to discuss the human condition or the intentions of an author with great depth. You also recognize it in fixed legal or diplomatic phrases. At this level, the word is not just a vocabulary item but a stylistic choice that helps you maintain a specific tone and perspective in your most advanced communications.

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips

试图 in 30 Seconds

试图 (shìtú) is a formal Chinese verb meaning 'to attempt' or 'to try,' typically used to describe deliberate, goal-oriented efforts in serious contexts.
Unlike the casual '试试' (shìshì), '试图' implies a planned action and is almost always followed by a verb phrase describing the goal.
It is commonly found in news, academic writing, and literature to describe intentions, often where the outcome is uncertain or difficult to achieve.
Be careful not to confuse it with '企图' (qǐtú), which has a negative connotation like 'plotting' or 'scheming' for bad purposes.

The Chinese verb 试图 (shìtú) is a foundational word for expressing effort, intention, and the act of attempting a goal. In English, it translates most directly to "to try" or "to attempt." However, unlike the broad English word "try," which can cover everything from tasting a new fruit to launching a rocket, shìtú carries a more formal and deliberate tone. It suggests that the subject is making a conscious effort to achieve a specific outcome, often in the face of some level of difficulty or uncertainty. You will frequently encounter this word in news reports, literature, and professional discussions where the focus is on the strategy or the intent behind an action.

Formal Intention: When a person or organization is described as 试图 doing something, it implies a planned endeavor. It is not an accidental effort but a calculated one. For example, a government might 试图 stabilize the economy.
Implicit Uncertainty: The word often carries a hint that the result is not yet guaranteed. In many contexts, it suggests the effort is ongoing or that there is a possibility of failure. If someone 试图 escape, they are in the process of trying, but they haven't necessarily succeeded yet.
Syntactic Flexibility: It is almost always followed by a verb phrase. You 试图 + [Action]. This makes it a bridge between the subject's will and the goal they are aiming for.

科学家们正在试图寻找治疗这种疾病的新方法。(Scientists are currently attempting to find a new way to treat this disease.)

Understanding the nuance of 试图 requires looking at its components. The first character, 试 (shì), means to test or try, as seen in words like 考试 (exam). The second character, 图 (tú), means a map or a plan, but here it functions as a verb meaning to seek or aim for. Therefore, 试图 literally translates to "planning a trial" or "seeking through testing." This is why it feels much more "weighty" than the colloquial 试试 (shìshì), which you might use when asking someone to try a piece of cake.

他试图解释发生的一切，但没有人相信他。(He attempted to explain everything that happened, but no one believed him.)

In summary, 试图 is the go-to verb for serious attempts. It bridges the gap between a simple desire and the actual execution of a plan. Whether you are discussing a historical figure's attempt to reform a nation or a programmer's attempt to fix a bug, this word provides the necessary gravitas and clarity to describe the action of trying.

Using 试图 (shìtú) correctly involves understanding its role as an auxiliary-like verb that precedes the main action. It sets the stage for the effort being described. Because it is a B1-level word, mastering its sentence patterns is crucial for moving from basic Chinese to more sophisticated expression. Below, we explore the primary ways this word is integrated into sentences.

The Basic Structure: The most common pattern is: Subject + 试图 + Verb Phrase. This structure is used to describe what someone is trying to do. It is direct and clear.
Example: 公司试图扩大市场。 (The company is attempting to expand the market.)
With Adverbs of Manner: You can add adverbs before 试图 to describe how the attempt is being made. Common adverbs include 正在 (zhèngzài - currently), 极力 (jílì - desperately/strongly), or 甚至 (shènzhì - even).
Example: 他极力试图说服父母。 (He is desperately attempting to persuade his parents.)
In Negative Sentences: When negating 试图, place 没有 (méiyǒu) or 不 (bù) before it. However, usually, we negate the result, not the attempt itself. If you say "did not attempt," you use 没有试图.
Example: 他并没有试图掩盖真相。 (He did not attempt to cover up the truth.)

不要试图一个人完成所有工作。(Do not attempt to complete all the work by yourself.)

One important grammatical note is that 试图 is rarely followed by a simple noun. You wouldn't say "试图苹果" (attempt apple). It must be followed by a verb or a verb phrase that describes the action being attempted. This is a common point of confusion for English speakers who might use "try" more loosely. In Chinese, if you want to say "try a noun," you would use 尝试 (chángshì) or 尝 (cháng).

警方试图从监控录像中找到线索。(The police are attempting to find clues from the surveillance footage.)

When writing, consider the complexity of the verb phrase that follows 试图. It can handle very long, complex clauses. For instance, "He attempted to find a way to resolve the conflict without causing further damage to the environment." In Chinese, this would be: 他试图找到一种既能解决冲突又不会对环境造成进一步破坏的方法。 Notice how 试图 stays at the beginning of the action sequence, providing the intentional framework for everything that follows.

In the real world, 试图 (shìtú) is a staple of formal communication. You are unlikely to hear it shouted across a busy street or used in a casual conversation about what to have for dinner. Instead, you will find it in environments where precision and intent matter. Understanding these contexts will help you recognize the "vibe" of the word and use it appropriately.

News and Media: News anchors and journalists love this word. It allows them to describe the actions of political leaders, criminals, or organizations without necessarily confirming the success of those actions. "The government is 试图 to lower inflation" describes the effort objectively.
Academic and Scientific Writing: In research papers, 试图 is used to state the objective of a study. "This paper 试图 to analyze the impact of social media on youth." It sounds professional and measured.
Legal and Official Documents: In legal contexts, the intent to commit an act is often as important as the act itself. 试图 is used to describe attempted crimes or contractual intentions.

这篇文章试图探讨人工智能对未来就业的影响。(This article attempts to explore the impact of AI on future employment.)

You will also hear 试图 in documentaries and historical accounts. When a narrator describes a historical figure's failed coup or a brave explorer's attempt to cross an ocean, 试图 provides the narrative tension. It emphasizes the human agency—the will to do something—regardless of whether that will was ultimately realized. For example, "Napoleon 试图 to conquer Russia" (拿破仑试图征服俄罗斯).

被告试图逃避法律的制裁。(The defendant attempted to evade the sanctions of the law.)

In business meetings, you might hear a manager say, "We are 试图 to improve our customer service efficiency." This sounds much more professional and strategic than saying "We are trying to be better." It implies a structured approach and a clear goal. So, while you might not use it with your friends at a hotpot restaurant, it is an essential tool for your professional and academic Chinese toolkit.

While 试图 (shìtú) is a straightforward word, English speakers often misapply it due to the versatility of the English word "try." Understanding these common pitfalls will help you sound more like a native speaker and avoid awkward phrasing.

Confusing with 试试 (shìshì): This is the most frequent error. In English, you "try" a new shoe or "try" a piece of cake. In Chinese, you cannot 试图 a shoe. For physical trials or casual "giving it a go," use 试试 or 尝试.
Incorrect: 试图这件衣服 (Attempt this clothing).
Correct: 试试这件衣服 (Try on this clothing).
Negative Connotations with 企图 (qǐtú): Many learners confuse 试图 with 企图. While they both mean "attempt," 企图 almost always has a negative or sinister connotation, similar to "conspire" or "scheme." If you use 企图 to describe a scientist trying to save the world, it will sound like they have an evil hidden motive.
Omitting the Verb: As mentioned before, 试图 is a transitive verb that requires a verb phrase as its object. You cannot end a sentence with just 试图.
Incorrect: 他一直在试图。(He has been attempting.)
Correct: 他一直在试图解决问题。(He has been attempting to solve the problem.)

不要把试图用在简单的日常动作上。(Don't use 试图 for simple daily actions.)

Another subtle mistake is using 试图 when the action is already completed. 试图 describes the effort in progress or the intent. If you want to say you tried something and it worked, you wouldn't typically use 试图. You would just describe the action. For example, instead of "I attempted to open the door and it opened," you would say "I opened the door." Use 试图 specifically when the focus is on the *effort* or the *challenge* of the task.

错误：他试图火锅。正确：他尝试了火锅。(Error: He attempted hotpot. Correct: He tried hotpot.)

Finally, watch out for the register. Using 试图 in a very casual text message to a close friend might make you sound slightly robotic or overly dramatic, unless you are being intentionally formal for comedic effect. Stick to 试试 for the small stuff, and save 试图 for the big goals.

Mandarin has several words for "trying" or "attempting," each with its own flavor. Knowing the difference between 试图 (shìtú) and its synonyms is the key to achieving B1 and B2 proficiency. Let's compare the most common alternatives.

尝试 (chángshì): Difference: 尝试 is the most versatile synonym. It can mean to try a new experience, a new food, or a new method. Unlike 试图, it can also be used as a noun meaning "an attempt."
Usage: Use 尝试 when you are emphasizing the experience of doing something new.
Example: 这是一次大胆的尝试。 (This is a bold attempt.)
设法 (shèfǎ): Difference: 设法 means "to think of a way" or "to manage to do something." It implies problem-solving. While 试图 describes the intent, 设法 describes the active search for a solution.
Usage: Use 设法 when there is an obstacle you are trying to overcome.
Example: 我们要设法解决这个问题。 (We must find a way to solve this problem.)
企图 (qǐtú): Difference: As mentioned, 企图 is almost always negative. It implies a scheme or a malicious intent.
Usage: Use 企图 when describing a villain's plan or a suspicious motive.
Example: 他企图窃取商业机密。 (He attempted/plotted to steal trade secrets.)
力图 (lìtú): Difference: 力图 is even more intense than 试图. The character 力 (power/effort) emphasizes that the person is putting in every ounce of strength to achieve the goal.
Usage: Use 力图 for major, high-stakes efforts.
Example: 他力图改变公司的现状。 (He is striving to change the current state of the company.)

对比：
1. 他试图开门。(Objective attempt)
2. 他设法开门。(Problem-solving/Finding a way)
3. 他企图破门而入。(Malicious intent)

Choosing the right word depends on the context and the "feeling" you want to convey. If you want to remain neutral, 试图 is usually your best bet. If you want to sound encouraging or talk about personal growth, 尝试 is better. If you are describing a struggle against odds, 设法 or 力图 might be more appropriate. Mastering these distinctions is what separates an intermediate learner from an advanced speaker.

How Formal Is It?

Fun Fact

The character 图 (tú) in 试图 is the same 'tú' as in '地图' (map). In ancient times, to 'map out' something was the same as planning to achieve it, which is why '图' means 'to seek' or 'to aim for' in many modern verbs.

Pronunciation Guide

UK shìtú

US shìtú

The emphasis is usually slightly more on the first syllable 'shì' because of the falling tone.

Rhymes With

地图 (dìtú) 意图 (yìtú) 企图 (qǐtú) 力图 (lìtú) 草图 (cǎotú) 蓝图 (lántú) 制图 (zhìtú) 构图 (gòutú)

Common Errors

Pronouncing 'tu' with a 1st tone (flat) instead of the 2nd tone (rising).
Confusing the 'sh' sound with a 's' sound.
Pronouncing 'i' in 'shi' like the 'ee' in 'see' (it should be a neutral, retroflex vowel).
Mixing up the tones, making it sound like 'shítǔ' (ten maps).
Failing to aspirate the 't' in 'tu'.

Difficulty Rating

Reading 3/5

Common in news and books, easy to recognize once you know the characters.

Writing 4/5

Requires understanding of formal register and proper verb-phrase objects.

Speaking 3/5

Useful for sounding professional, but learners often default to 'shishi'.

Listening 3/5

Clearly pronounced, often followed by important action verbs.

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

试图想做尝试

Learn Next

企图力图设法意图旨在

Advanced

图谋妄图宏图胸有成竹按图索骥

Grammar to Know

Auxiliary Verb Placement

试图 (verb) + 解决 (main verb) + 问题 (object).

Adverbial Modification

正在 (currently) + 试图 (attempting).

Negative Structure

没有 (did not) + 试图 (attempt).

Purpose Clauses with 来

试图通过学习 (attempt by learning) + 来 (in order to) + 提高自己 (improve oneself).

Contrastive Conjunctions

试图...但... (attempted... but...).

Examples by Level

他试图打开门。

He is attempting to open the door.

Subject + 试图 + Action.

我试图学习中文。

I am attempting to learn Chinese.

试图 is followed by the action '学习'.

小猫试图跳上桌子。

The kitten is attempting to jump onto the table.

Use 试图 for animals making an effort too.

他试图写他的名字。

He is attempting to write his name.

Simple action following 试图.

不要试图跑步。

Don't attempt to run.

不要 (Don't) + 试图.

他在试图看书。

He is attempting to read a book.

在 indicates the action is in progress.

试图说话很难。

Attempting to speak is very hard.

试图 + Verb can act as the subject of the sentence.

她试图找到她的钥匙。

She is attempting to find her keys.

试图 + 找到 (resultative verb).

警察试图停止那辆车。

The police attempted to stop that car.

More formal context (police).

他试图解释为什么他迟到了。

He attempted to explain why he was late.

试图 + 解释 (to explain).

我们试图在网上买票。

We attempted to buy tickets online.

试图 + prepositional phrase (在网上).

医生试图救那个病人。

The doctor attempted to save that patient.

Serious, professional effort.

他试图改变他的坏习惯。

He attempted to change his bad habits.

试图 + 改变 (to change).

小鸟试图飞出窗户。

The bird attempted to fly out of the window.

Physical effort with an obstacle.

他们试图完成这个大项目。

They attempted to complete this big project.

Group effort.

她试图给她的朋友打电话。

She attempted to call her friend.

Implies the call might not have gone through.

政府试图通过新的法律来保护环境。

The government is attempting to protect the environment by passing new laws.

试图 + [Action] + 来 + [Purpose].

他试图掩盖真相，但失败了。

He attempted to cover up the truth, but failed.

Often used with '但' (but) to show failure.

科学家们试图寻找火星上存在水的证据。

Scientists are attempting to find evidence of water on Mars.

Academic/Scientific context.

那家公司试图通过降价来吸引更多客户。

That company is attempting to attract more customers by lowering prices.

Business strategy context.

他试图说服他的老板给他加薪。

He attempted to persuade his boss to give him a raise.

试图 + 说服 (persuade).

不要试图挑战法律的权威。

Do not attempt to challenge the authority of the law.

Formal warning.

这篇文章试图分析当前经济形势。

This article attempts to analyze the current economic situation.

Common in writing to state intent.

他试图从不同的角度看问题。

He attempted to look at the problem from different angles.

Abstract effort.

尽管困难重重，他依然试图完成这项艰巨的任务。

Despite numerous difficulties, he still attempted to complete this arduous task.

Used with '尽管' (despite) and '依然' (still).

该报告试图揭示贫富差距扩大的深层原因。

The report attempts to reveal the deep-seated reasons for the widening wealth gap.

Formal investigative language.

他试图通过这种方式来逃避自己的责任。

He is attempting to evade his responsibilities in this way.

Negative nuance (evading responsibility).

导演试图在电影中探讨人性的复杂。

The director attempts to explore the complexity of human nature in the film.

Artistic/Literary intent.

该组织试图在全球范围内推广可持续发展。

The organization is attempting to promote sustainable development on a global scale.

Global/Organizational scope.

他试图打破沉默，但不知道该说什么。

He attempted to break the silence but didn't know what to say.

Metaphorical use (break silence).

警方正试图通过指纹鉴定来确认嫌疑人的身份。

The police are attempting to confirm the suspect's identity through fingerprint identification.

Technical/Forensic context.

他试图在工作中寻找平衡，但感到力不从心。

He attempted to find balance in his work but felt his strength was failing him.

Internal struggle.

辩护律师试图推翻检方提出的所有指控。

The defense attorney attempted to overturn all the charges brought by the prosecution.

High-level legal terminology (overturn charges).

这部哲学著作试图解答关于存在意义的终极问题。

This philosophical work attempts to answer ultimate questions about the meaning of existence.

Abstract philosophical intent.

他试图在激烈的市场竞争中为公司开辟一条新路。

He attempted to carve out a new path for the company amidst fierce market competition.

Business leadership metaphor.

该政策试图在促进经济增长与环境保护之间达成平衡。

The policy attempts to achieve a balance between promoting economic growth and environmental protection.

Policy analysis language.

他试图通过这一举动来挽回自己在公众心目中的形象。

He attempted to redeem his public image through this move.

Public relations context.

科学家们正试图模拟宇宙大爆炸后的最初几秒钟。

Scientists are attempting to simulate the first few seconds after the Big Bang.

Advanced scientific endeavor.

他试图淡化这次事件的影响，以免引起恐慌。

He attempted to downplay the impact of the incident to avoid causing panic.

Strategic communication (downplay).

该文章试图解构现代社会中的消费主义文化。

The article attempts to deconstruct the culture of consumerism in modern society.

Critical theory terminology (deconstruct).

作者试图通过这种意识流的手法，展现人物内心深处的惶恐。

The author attempts to showcase the character's deep-seated trepidation through this stream-of-consciousness technique.

Literary criticism (stream of consciousness).

该外交努力试图在两个敌对国家之间建立起起码的互信。

The diplomatic effort attempts to establish a modicum of mutual trust between the two hostile nations.

Diplomatic nuance (modicum of trust).

他试图以一种超脱的姿态来审视这场纷繁复杂的政治斗争。

He attempted to examine this complex political struggle with a detached posture.

Sophisticated psychological state (detached posture).

这项研究试图填补该领域在理论框架上的空白。

This study attempts to fill the gap in the theoretical framework of the field.

Academic contribution language.

他试图在作品中融入古典美学与现代主义的冲突感。

He attempted to integrate the sense of conflict between classical aesthetics and modernism in his work.

Artistic theory integration.

该政权试图通过严厉的管控来维持社会的表象稳定。

The regime attempts to maintain a facade of social stability through stringent controls.

Political critique (facade of stability).

他试图挑战传统的认知范式，提出一种全新的解释模型。

He attempted to challenge traditional cognitive paradigms and propose a completely new explanatory model.

High-level intellectual discourse (paradigm shift).

这些诗歌试图捕捉那些转瞬即逝、难以言说的情感片段。

These poems attempt to capture those fleeting, ineffable fragments of emotion.

Poetic and evocative language.

Synonyms

尝试企图努力设法

Antonyms

放弃停止

Common Collocations

试图掩盖

试图解释

试图逃避

试图改变

试图寻找

试图说服

正在试图

极力试图

试图挑战

试图理解

Common Phrases

试图自杀

— To attempt suicide. A standard medical and legal phrase.

他因试图自杀被送往医院。

试图沟通

— To attempt to communicate. Used in interpersonal or diplomatic contexts.

双方都试图进行有效沟通。

试图突破

— To attempt a breakthrough. Used in sports, science, or business.

球队试图突破对方的防守。

试图联系

— To attempt to contact someone. Common in office or social settings.

我试图联系他，但没成功。

试图修复

— To attempt to repair. Used for objects or relationships.

他试图修复这段破碎的友谊。

试图证明

— To attempt to prove. Common in academic or legal arguments.

他试图证明自己的清白。

试图控制

— To attempt to control. Used for situations, emotions, or people.

他试图控制自己的情绪。

试图说服

— To attempt to persuade. Used in sales, debates, or personal talks.

不要试图说服我改变主意。

试图挽回

— To attempt to save/redeem. Used for losses, relationships, or reputations.

他试图挽回公司的损失。

试图逃跑

— To attempt to escape. Common in crime stories or descriptions of animals.

小偷试图逃跑，但被抓住了。

Often Confused With

试图 vs 企图

企图 is negative (plotting), 试图 is neutral/formal (attempting).

试图 vs 尝试

尝试 is about experiences and is more casual; 试图 is about deliberate efforts toward a goal.

试图 vs 试试

试试 is very casual (try out/sample), whereas 试图 is formal and serious.

Idioms & Expressions

"图谋不轨"

— To plot something illegal or treacherous. Uses the '图' from 试图.

这些人聚在一起，显然是图谋不轨。

Formal/Negative

"唯利是图"

— To seek nothing but profit. Uses '图' as 'to seek'.

他是个唯利是图的小人。

Negative

"大展宏图"

— To realize a grand plan. Uses '图' as 'plan/map'.

祝你在新的一年里大展宏图。

Positive/Formal

"胸有成竹"

— To have a well-thought-out plan in mind. Related to the 'planning' aspect of 试图.

对于这次考试，他胸有成竹。

Positive

"按图索骥"

— To follow a plan or map literally. Uses '图' as 'map'.

我们不能按图索骥，要根据实际情况调整。

Neutral/Formal

"别有所图"

— To have other motives. To seek something else.

他这么做，恐怕是别有所图。

Neutral/Suspicious

"无所试图"

— To have nothing to attempt or seek. (Less common, but uses the word components).

他整天无所试图，无所事事。

Literary

"图穷匕见"

— The map is unrolled and the dagger is revealed. Meaning the real intention is finally exposed.

经过一番争吵，他终于图穷匕见。

Literary/Negative

"不可图也"

— Cannot be sought or achieved. (Classical style).

此事难度太大，不可图也。

Very Formal/Classical

"力图自强"

— To strive for self-improvement.

我们要力图自强，不依赖他人。

Positive/Formal

Easily Confused

试图 vs 尝试

Both mean 'to try'.

尝试 emphasizes the experience and can be a noun; 试图 emphasizes the intent/effort and is more formal.

我尝试了北京烤鸭。(I tried Peking duck.) vs 我试图联系他。(I attempted to contact him.)

试图 vs 企图

Both mean 'attempt'.

企图 has a strong negative or sinister connotation (to scheme/plot). 试图 is neutral.

他企图偷走我的钱包。(He plotted to steal my wallet.)

试图 vs 设法

Both involve making an effort.

设法 means 'finding a way' to solve a specific problem. 试图 is more about the general act of attempting.

我们要设法进入那个房间。(We must find a way to enter that room.)

试图 vs 试验

Both involve 'testing'.

试验 is specifically for scientific experiments or technical tests. 试图 is for general human attempts.

科学家正在试验新药。(Scientists are testing a new drug.)

试图 vs 打算

Both involve intention.

打算 means 'to plan' or 'intend to' (often future). 试图 is the actual 'attempt' or effort to do it.

我打算明天去。(I plan to go tomorrow.)

Sentence Patterns

我试图 [Verb].

我试图跑步。

他试图 [Verb] [Object].

他试图打开窗户。

他们正试图 [Verb Phrase].

他们正试图解决这个难题。

不要试图 [Verb Phrase].

不要试图欺骗我。

他试图通过 [Method] 来 [Goal].

他试图通过运动来减肥。

尽管 [Condition], 他依然试图 [Action].

尽管下雨，他依然试图出发。

该研究试图探讨 [Complex Topic].

该研究试图探讨气候变化的原因。

作者试图在 [Context] 中 [Action].

作者试图在诗歌中捕捉失落的情感。

Word Family

Nouns

意图 (yìtú) - intention

企图 (qǐtú) - scheme/attempt (negative)

地图 (dìtú) - map

蓝图 (lántú) - blueprint

Verbs

尝试 (chángshì) - to try

试验 (shìyàn) - to test/experiment

图谋 (túmóu) - to plot

力图 (lìtú) - to strive

Adjectives

试图性的 (shìtúxìng de) - tentative/attempt-oriented

考试 (kǎoshì)

图画 (túhuà)

贪图 (tāntú)

尝试 (chángshì)

打算 (dǎsuàn)

How to Use It

frequency

High in written media, academic texts, and formal speeches.

Common Mistakes

试图这件衬衫 (Attempt this shirt). → 试试这件衬衫 (Try on this shirt).
试图 is for actions/goals, not for trying on clothes or sampling items. Use 试试 or 尝试 instead.
他试图了很久。(He attempted for a long time.) → 他试图解决这个问题很久了。(He has been attempting to solve this problem for a long time.)
试图 cannot stand alone as a complete predicate without a following verb phrase. It needs an object (the action).
老师企图教我们新单词。(The teacher plotted to teach us new words.) → 老师试图教我们新单词。(The teacher attempted to teach us new words.)
企图 has a negative meaning (scheme/plot). Using it for a teacher sounds like they have a bad motive. Use 试图 for neutral/positive efforts.
我试图北京。(I attempt Beijing.) → 我试图去北京。(I attempt to go to Beijing.)
试图 must be followed by a verb, not a noun (location).
他试图得很好。(He attempted well.) → 他的尝试很成功。(His attempt was successful.)
试图 is not usually used with the complement '得'. If you want to describe the attempt as a noun, use 尝试.

Tips

Use in Writing

When writing a formal email or report, use 试图 to describe your goals. It makes your writing sound more objective and professional than using '想' (want).

Check the Intention

Before using 试图, ask yourself if the action is serious. If it's just 'giving something a shot,' use 尝试. If it's a 'deliberate attempt,' use 试图.

Pair with Result

Try to follow 试图 with a resultative verb like '找到' (find), '说服' (persuade), or '改变' (change) to show exactly what is being attempted.

News Keywords

Listen for 试图 in news broadcasts. It often introduces the main action of a political leader or a criminal suspect, helping you follow the story.

Learn the Family

Learn 试图 alongside 意图 (intention) and 企图 (scheme). They all share the '图' (seek/plan) character, which helps you remember their meanings.

Pronunciation Practice

Focus on the transition from the 4th tone (shì) to the 2nd tone (tú). It’s a sharp drop followed by a steady rise. Record yourself saying '正在试图' to get the flow right.

Respect the Effort

Using 试图 to describe someone else's work shows that you recognize their effort, which is a polite and respectful way to communicate in a professional Chinese setting.

No Nouns Allowed

Always follow 试图 with a verb. If you want to say 'try the computer,' say '试图修电脑' (attempt to fix the computer) or '试试电脑' (try out the computer).

The Map Mnemonic

Remember the '图' in 试图 is like a 'map.' When you attempt something serious, you need a map. This distinguishes it from casual trying.

Style Choice

In literature, use 试图 to create tension. It highlights the gap between what a character wants to do and what they can actually achieve.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of 试 (shì) as 'testing' and 图 (tú) as a 'map.' When you 试图, you are 'testing the map' to find your way to a goal. You are not just trying; you are looking for a path.

Visual Association

Imagine a person standing before a high wall, holding a blueprint (图) and trying (试) to find a way over it. This captures the 'planned effort' aspect.

Word Web

试 (Test) 图 (Plan) 试图 (Attempt) 意图 (Intention) 企图 (Scheme) 力图 (Strive) 尝试 (Try/Experience) 试验 (Experiment)

Challenge

Write three sentences about a difficult goal you have. Use 试图 in each sentence to describe the steps you are taking to reach that goal.

Word Origin

The word 试图 is composed of two characters: 试 (shì) and 图 (tú). 试 originally meant 'to test' or 'to examine' (often related to words or speech). 图 originally meant 'a map' or 'a drawing', but evolved to mean 'to plan', 'to seek', or 'to aim for'. Together, they formed the meaning of 'planning a trial' or 'seeking to do something through an effort.'

Original meaning: To plan and test; to seek an objective through trial.

Sino-Tibetan (Chinese)

Cultural Context

Avoid using 试图 for very trivial things, as it might sound sarcastic or overly dramatic. Also, strictly avoid confusing it with 企图 (qǐtú) when describing someone you respect.

In English, 'try' is very casual. English speakers must learn to switch to 试图 in formal writing to avoid sounding too informal.

The phrase '试图挑战自我' (attempting to challenge oneself) is a common theme in Chinese motivational literature. News reports about space missions frequently use 试图 to describe the attempt to land on the moon or Mars. Historical accounts of the 'Hundred Days' Reform' use 试图 to describe the reformers' attempts to change the Qing Dynasty.

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

News / Politics

试图缓解紧张局势
试图通过新法案
试图控制通货膨胀
试图寻求外交解决

Business / Career

试图扩大市场份额
试图提高工作效率
试图说服合作伙伴
试图挽回经济损失

Crime / Legal

试图逃避法律制裁
试图销毁证据
试图掩盖罪行
试图行贿

Science / Research

试图验证该理论
试图寻找新发现
试图模拟实验过程
试图解释自然现象

Personal Growth

试图改变现状
试图克服困难
试图理解他人
试图挑战极限

Conversation Starters

"你曾经试图学习过哪种乐器吗？ (Have you ever attempted to learn a musical instrument?)"

"你试图在工作中改变过什么流程吗？ (Have you attempted to change any processes at work?)"

"如果有人试图骗你，你会怎么做？ (If someone attempted to trick you, what would you do?)"

"你正在试图达成什么长期目标？ (What long-term goal are you currently attempting to achieve?)"

"你试图理解过量子物理吗？ (Have you ever attempted to understand quantum physics?)"

Journal Prompts

描述一次你试图解决困难问题的经历。 (Describe an experience where you attempted to solve a difficult problem.)

写一写你最近试图养成的健康习惯。 (Write about a healthy habit you have recently attempted to develop.)

你认为政府应该如何试图解决环境污染问题？ (How do you think the government should attempt to solve the environmental pollution problem?)

反思一次你试图说服别人但失败的经历。 (Reflect on a time you attempted to persuade someone but failed.)

如果你试图写一本书，你会写关于什么的内容？ (If you attempted to write a book, what would it be about?)

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

No, you should not use 试图 for food. For food, use '尝' (cháng) or '尝试' (chángshì). 试图 is for more serious actions like 'attempting to solve a problem.' For example, '你尝尝这个' (Try this) is correct.

Yes, in almost all cases, 试图 must be followed by a verb or a verb phrase. You cannot say '试图苹果' (attempt apple). You would say '试图吃掉那个苹果' (attempt to eat that apple).

The main difference is the 'feeling' or connotation. 试图 is neutral—it just means making an attempt. 企图 is negative—it means someone is plotting something bad. For example, '试图帮助别人' is good, but '企图欺骗别人' is bad.

试图 is formal. You will see it in newspapers, books, and professional reports. In casual conversation with friends, people usually use '想办法' or '试试'.

In modern Chinese, 试图 is primarily used as a verb. If you need a noun for 'attempt,' use '尝试' (chángshì) or '努力' (nǔlì). For example, '这是一个大胆的尝试' (This is a bold attempt).

The legal term is '故意杀人罪（未遂）', but in news, they might say '试图杀人'. '试图' is commonly used to describe the attempt of a crime.

Not necessarily, but it often does. Because 'attempt' focuses on the effort, it is frequently used in cases where the effort was difficult or where the outcome is still unknown or failed.

Yes, '正在试图' (currently attempting) is a very common phrase used to describe an effort that is happening right now. For example, '警方正在试图确认身份'.

Yes. '力图' (lìtú) is stronger. The '力' (power) suggests that the person is using all their strength or making a very great effort to achieve the goal.

You can say '没有试图' (did not attempt) or '不试图' (does not attempt). For example, '他并没有试图逃跑' (He did not attempt to run away).