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B1 noun 15 min de leitura

résigné/résignée

Exemplos
Explicação résigné/résignée in your Level:
At the A1 level, you are just starting to learn how to express feelings and states of being. The word 'résigné' is a bit advanced for this level, but you can understand it as a way to say someone is 'not fighting' or 'just accepting' a situation. Think of it as a step beyond 'triste' (sad). If a child wants a toy and their parent says 'no,' and the child stops crying and just walks away quietly, they are 'résigné.' You might use it in very simple sentences like 'Il est résigné' (He is resigned) or 'Elle est résignée' (She is resigned). At this stage, the most important thing is to remember that the word ends in 'é' and that it describes a feeling of giving up on a small wish. It's often used with 'parce que' (because) to explain why: 'Il est résigné parce qu'il n'a pas de choix.' You don't need to know all the complex philosophical meanings yet; just think of it as a word for 'quiet acceptance' when things don't go your way. It's a useful word to describe characters in simple stories or to talk about how you feel when you have to do your homework even though you'd rather play games. Remember to match the gender! If you are a girl, say 'Je suis résignée.' if you are a boy, say 'Je suis résigné.' This is a great way to practice your basic grammar while learning a more descriptive word than just 'triste' or 'fatigué.'
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At the A2 level, you can begin to use 'résigné' to describe common daily situations. You might use it to talk about the weather, school, or simple chores. For example, 'Je suis résigné à faire le ménage' (I am resigned to doing the housework). At this level, you should focus on the structure 'être résigné à' followed by an infinitive verb. This helps you build longer sentences. You can also start using it with nouns: 'Il a un regard résigné.' This means he has a 'resigned look' on his face. You will hear this word in simple dialogues or see it in short news articles. It's a step up from basic vocabulary and shows that you can describe more than just 'happy' or 'sad' emotions. You are starting to describe 'attitudes.' A person who is 'résigné' at the A2 level is someone who says 'C'est la vie' (That's life) and moves on. It's also a good time to learn the difference between 'résigné' and 'patient.' A patient person waits for something good; a resigned person accepts something bad. Practice using it in your daily diary or when talking about things you have to do but don't really want to. 'Demain, il y a un test. Je suis résigné.' It sounds very natural and helps you sound more like a native speaker who understands that life isn't always perfect. Don't forget the plural form: 'Nous sommes résignés' if you are talking about yourself and your friends accepting a boring Saturday afternoon.
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At the B1 level, you should be able to use 'résigné' with more nuance and in more complex social contexts. This is the level where you start to discuss opinions and feelings in detail. You can use 'résigné' to describe how people feel about their jobs, political situations, or long-term challenges. For example, 'Beaucoup de gens sont résignés face à l'augmentation des prix' (Many people are resigned to the price increases). You should also be comfortable with the reflexive verb 'se résigner à.' This shows the action of making the choice to accept something: 'Elle s'est résignée à vendre sa voiture.' This is more active than just 'being' resigned. At B1, you are expected to understand the emotional weight of the word—that it implies a lack of hope or a feeling of being stuck. You can use it to contrast with words like 'optimiste' or 'révolté.' In a conversation, you might say, 'Je ne suis pas résigné, je veux encore essayer de changer les choses!' This shows a strong command of the language. You will encounter 'résigné' in French media, especially when journalists describe the public mood. It’s also common in B1-level reading materials, like short stories or magazine articles. Pay attention to how it's used to describe characters' personalities. Is the character a 'résigné' who lets things happen to them, or a 'battant' (fighter) who resists? Using this word correctly in your writing and speaking will significantly improve your ability to describe complex human behaviors and social realities.
At the B2 level, you are moving toward fluency and should understand the subtle connotations of 'résigné.' You can use it to discuss abstract concepts like 'la résignation collective' or 'un destin résigné.' You should understand that the word often carries a slightly negative or melancholy tone, suggesting a loss of agency. You can use it in more sophisticated grammatical structures, such as 'Tout en étant résigné, il gardait un certain espoir.' (While being resigned, he kept a certain hope.) This level requires you to distinguish between 'résigné' and its synonyms like 'soumis' or 'stoïque.' For instance, you could explain that while a 'soumis' person obeys a master, a 'résigné' person accepts a situation, which is a more internal process. You will see this word frequently in literature and editorials. You should be able to analyze why an author chose 'résigné' instead of 'triste.' For example, in a political essay, 'une population résignée' suggests a dangerous level of apathy that might lead to social stagnation. In your own productions, try to use it to add depth to your descriptions. Instead of saying someone is 'calme,' you could say they are 'résignés et silencieux,' which paints a much more vivid and specific picture. You should also be aware of the false friend 'to resign' (from a job) and consistently use 'démissionner' for the professional action, reserving 'résigné' for the emotional state. This distinction is a key marker of a B2 learner's precision.
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At the C1 level, you should have a deep, almost native-like understanding of 'résigné.' You can use it to engage in philosophical or sociological debates. You might explore the concept of 'la résignation' in the works of existentialist writers like Camus or Sartre, where characters often face an absurd world with a sense of resignation. You should be able to use the word as a noun ('un résigné') to describe a social type or a character archetype. For example, 'C'est le portrait d'un résigné de la société industrielle.' You can also use it in highly idiomatic or literary ways, such as 'un sourire résigné qui en dit long sur sa souffrance' (a resigned smile that speaks volumes about her suffering). At this level, you should be sensitive to the rhythm and register of the word. It is a powerful tool for creating atmosphere in creative writing. You can use it to describe landscapes, eras, or entire movements. For instance, 'L'atmosphère de la ville était lourde et résignée après la défaite.' You should also be able to discuss the etymology and how the word has evolved from its religious roots (submission to God's will) to its modern secular usage. In complex arguments, you can use 'résignation' to describe a psychological defense mechanism. Your ability to use 'résigné' and its derivatives with precision in both formal and informal contexts, while avoiding all common pitfalls, demonstrates a high level of linguistic and cultural competence.
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At the C2 level, your mastery of 'résigné' is complete. You understand not only its primary meaning but also its most subtle literary, historical, and philosophical echoes. You can use it to write academic papers or high-level critiques. You might analyze 'l'esthétique de la résignation' in 19th-century French poetry or discuss 'la résignation politique' as a factor in the stability of regimes. You are comfortable using the word in its most abstract forms and can manipulate it to suit any register, from the most formal to the most ironic. You understand the difference between 'se résigner' as a tragic act of surrender and as a pragmatic tool for survival. You can use the word to create complex metaphors, such as 'une mer résignée sous un ciel de plomb.' Your vocabulary is so rich that 'résigné' is just one of many tools you use to describe the human experience of acceptance, and you choose it specifically when you want to evoke that precise blend of inevitability and quietude. You can also spot and enjoy wordplay or subversions of the word in contemporary literature or film. At this level, the word is no longer just a vocabulary item; it is a conceptual tool that you use to navigate and describe the nuances of the French-speaking world. You can debate the ethics of resignation—is it a virtue or a vice?—with the same ease as a native speaker, using a wide range of supporting vocabulary and complex grammatical structures to express your thoughts with absolute clarity and sophistication.
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Exemplos

The French word résigné (masculine) or résignée (feminine) describes a psychological state where an individual has accepted a situation that is unpleasant, difficult, or undesirable, primarily because they believe it is inevitable or impossible to change. It is not merely a state of being 'okay' with something; it carries a weight of passive endurance. When you call someone a résigné, you are often highlighting their lack of resistance or their quiet surrender to fate. This term is deeply embedded in French literature and philosophy, often appearing in discussions about stoicism or the human condition in the face of tragedy. In everyday modern French, it is used to describe people who no longer complain about bad weather, long commutes, or bureaucratic delays because they have simply given up on the idea that these things could be different.

Emotional Nuance
The word implies a certain sadness or exhaustion. Unlike 'content' (happy) or 'd'accord' (agreeing), 'résigné' suggests that if the person had a choice, they would choose otherwise, but they have run out of the energy or the means to fight back.

Face à l'annonce de la fermeture de l'usine, les ouvriers sont restés silencieux et résignés.

In a social context, being 'résigné' can sometimes be seen as a negative trait, suggesting a lack of ambition or a defeatist attitude. However, in other contexts, it can be viewed as a form of wisdom or maturity—understanding what can be changed and what cannot. For example, a student might be 'résigné' to the fact that they have to retake an exam. They aren't happy about it, but they have stopped crying and started studying. The word is frequently paired with nouns like 'air' (look), 'ton' (tone), or 'sourire' (smile) to describe the outward manifestation of this internal state of surrender. A 'sourire résigné' is one of the most poignant images in French storytelling, representing a smile that acknowledges pain while accepting it.

Social Context
In French politics, commentators often speak of a 'peuple résigné' when citizens stop protesting against laws they dislike, suggesting a dangerous level of apathy or disillusionment with the system.

Elle a poussé un soupir résigné avant de recommencer tout son travail.

Finally, the word is often used in religious or spiritual contexts. Historically, 'la résignation' was considered a virtue—the act of submitting oneself to the will of God without complaint. While modern usage is more secular, that sense of 'submitting to a higher power' (whether that power is God, the government, or simply bad luck) remains central to the word's identity. To be 'résigné' is to acknowledge that you are not the master of the situation. It is a word of shadows and soft edges, never of bright colors or loud voices.

Grammar Note
As a noun, 'un résigné' refers to a person. 'Les résignés de la vie' is a common literary trope referring to those who have been beaten down by life's circumstances.

Il n'est pas combatif, c'est un résigné de nature.

Using résigné correctly requires attention to two main factors: gender/number agreement and the preposition that follows it. Since it functions as an adjective, it must match the subject it describes. For a man, use 'résigné'; for a woman, 'résignée'; for a group of men or a mixed group, 'résignés'; and for a group of women, 'résignées'. The pronunciation remains largely the same across these forms, but the spelling is vital for written French. The most common grammatical structure is être résigné à + [noun or infinitive verb]. This indicates the specific thing that has been accepted. For example, 'Il est résigné à son sort' (He is resigned to his fate) or 'Elle est résignée à partir' (She is resigned to leaving).

The Preposition 'À'
Always use 'à' (or its contractions 'au', 'aux') when specifying the cause of the resignation. 'Je suis résigné à l'idée de perdre' is correct; using 'de' here would be a mistake.

Nous sommes résignés à attendre le prochain train, car celui-ci est annulé.

Another frequent usage is placing the word before or after a noun to describe a person's demeanor. 'Un regard résigné' (a resigned look) or 'une voix résignée' (a resigned voice). In these cases, the adjective describes the quality of the action or the appearance. It is also important to distinguish between 'se résigner' (the reflexive verb) and 'être résigné' (the state). 'Je me résigne' means 'I am making myself accept this,' whereas 'Je suis résigné' means 'I have already reached the state of acceptance.' The verb form is often used when describing the process of giving up a struggle. For instance, 'Après des heures de discussion, il s'est résigné à signer le contrat.'

Placement of the Adjective
In French, 'résigné' usually follows the noun it modifies, but it can occasionally precede it in poetic or literary contexts to add emphasis to the emotion.

D'un geste résigné, le vieux pêcheur a rangé ses filets vides.

In complex sentences, 'résigné' can be used as an appositive, separated by commas, to provide extra information about the subject's emotional state. 'Le prisonnier, résigné, attendait son jugement.' This structure is very common in narrative writing. It serves as a shortcut to paint a picture of the character's internal world without needing a long explanation. You might also encounter it in the negative: 'pas du tout résigné' (not at all resigned), used to describe someone who is still fighting or protesting. 'Malgré les obstacles, il n'était pas résigné.' This highlights a spirit of resistance. Understanding the flexibility of this word allows you to describe a wide range of human responses to adversity, from the quietest surrender to the refusal to give in.

Common Pairs
'Triste et résigné', 'Calme et résigné', 'Silencieux et résigné'. These pairings reinforce the passive and somber nature of the word.

Elle a accepté cette décision d'un ton résigné, sans poser de questions.

You will encounter résigné in a variety of settings, ranging from high-brow literature to mundane daily conversations. In French literature, especially in 19th-century realism (think Flaubert or Zola), characters are often described as 'résignés' when they are trapped by their social class or tragic circumstances. If you read a classic French novel, pay attention to how the author uses this word to evoke sympathy or to criticize a society that crushes the individual's spirit. It is a staple of the 'misérabilisme' style, where life's hardships are accepted with a grim nod. In modern journalism, you'll see it in headlines or editorials discussing the mood of the public. If the government passes an unpopular tax and there are no protests, a journalist might write about 'la résignation des contribuables' (the resignation of taxpayers).

In Cinema and Media
In French films, especially dramas, a character might have a 'regard résigné' during a breakup or a moment of loss. It communicates a deep, quiet pain that dialogue often cannot capture.

À la fin du film, le protagoniste s'éloigne avec un pas résigné sous la pluie.

In everyday life, you might hear a friend use it when talking about their job or their health. 'Je suis résigné à passer mon week-end à travailler' (I'm resigned to spending my weekend working). Here, it's used with a touch of irony or self-pity. It’s a way of saying, 'I hate this, but I have no choice, so I'm going to stop complaining and just do it.' You also hear it in medical contexts. Doctors or family members might describe a patient as 'résigné' if they have accepted a difficult diagnosis and are no longer fighting the reality of their condition. This can be a peaceful state or a deeply sad one, depending on the person. In schools, teachers might describe a struggling student as 'résigné' if the student has stopped trying to improve, having accepted that they will fail.

Political Discourse
Politicians sometimes warn against a 'France résignée,' arguing that the country needs to be more dynamic and hopeful rather than simply accepting its problems.

Le ministre a déclaré que nous ne devons pas être résignés face au déclin économique.

In summary, 'résigné' is a word that bridges the gap between the internal emotional experience and the external social reality. Whether it's the quiet acceptance of a personal tragedy or the collective apathy of a nation, the word captures the moment when resistance ends and endurance begins. It is a very 'French' word in its ability to express a complex, somewhat melancholy state of mind with just a few syllables. When you hear it, look for the context of inevitability. Is the person accepting something they cannot change? If so, 'résigné' is the perfect descriptor for their state of being.

Workplace Usage
'Il est résigné à ses nouvelles responsabilités' means he has accepted them, even if he didn't want them.

L'équipe, résignée, a fini par accepter les nouvelles conditions de travail.

The most common mistake English speakers make with résigné is using it as a direct translation for 'resigned' in the sense of 'quitting a job.' In English, if you say 'He resigned yesterday,' you mean he left his position. In French, you cannot say 'Il est résigné hier.' Instead, you must use the verb 'démissionner' (to resign from a job). 'Il a démissionné hier.' Using 'résigné' in this context will confuse a native speaker, as they will think you are describing his emotional state (that he was feeling resigned yesterday) rather than his professional action. This is a classic 'false friend' (faux ami) situation that requires careful attention.

False Friend Alert
English 'Resigned' (job) = French 'Démissionnaire'. French 'Résigné' (emotion) = English 'Resigned' (accepting fate).

Incorrect: Il est résigné de son poste. Correct: Il a démissionné de son poste.

Another frequent error is neglecting gender and number agreement. Because 'résigné' functions as an adjective, it must agree with the noun it modifies. Beginners often forget to add the 'e' for feminine subjects or the 's' for plural ones. While the pronunciation of 'résigné' and 'résignée' is identical, 'résignés' and 'résignées' also sound the same, but the written form is crucial for exams and formal writing. Always check your subject! For example, 'Les filles sont résignées' (The girls are resigned) requires both the 'e' and the 's'. If you write 'Les filles sont résigné', it is a grammatical error that signals a lack of fluency.

Preposition Confusion
Many learners try to use 'avec' (with) after 'résigné', saying 'résigné avec la situation'. The correct preposition is always 'à'. 'Résigné à la situation'.

Elle s'est résignée à vivre seule après son divorce.

A third mistake involves the nuance between 'résigné' and 'patient'. While both involve waiting or enduring, 'patient' is generally positive and implies hope for a future result. 'Résigné' is more negative or neutral, implying that there is no hope for change, only the necessity of acceptance. If you say you are 'résigné' for a bus, it sounds like you think the bus might never come, but you're going to stand there anyway. If you are 'patient', you believe the bus is coming and you are waiting calmly. Using 'résigné' when you mean 'patient' can make you sound much more depressed than you actually are! Finally, watch out for the verb 'résigner' used without the reflexive 'se'. In modern French, 'résigner' (to cancel/terminate a contract) is mostly used as 'résilier'. If you want to say 'I am resigning myself to...', you must use 'Je me résigne à...'. Skipping the 'me' changes the meaning or makes the sentence nonsensical.

Pronunciation Error
Don't pronounce the 'g' like the 'g' in 'goat'. It's a soft 'ny' sound, as in 'vignette'.

Ils ne sont pas résignés, ils sont simplement calmes.

If you want to vary your vocabulary, there are several words in French that share a semantic field with résigné, each with its own specific flavor. One of the closest is soumis (submissive). However, 'soumis' implies a power dynamic where someone is yielding to another person's authority. 'Résigné' is broader; you can be resigned to the weather, but you wouldn't be 'soumis' to the weather. Another alternative is fataliste (fatalistic). A fatalist believes that everything is predetermined by fate and therefore there's no point in fighting. While a 'résigné' person might feel this way, 'fataliste' describes a philosophical worldview, whereas 'résigné' describes a specific emotional state in response to a situation.

Résigné vs. Docile
'Docile' means easy to lead or manage. A 'résigné' person might be docile because they've given up, but 'docile' focuses on their behavior, while 'résigné' focuses on their internal state of acceptance.

Il est trop fataliste pour essayer de changer les choses.

For a more positive spin, you could use stoïque (stoic). A stoic person accepts hardship with courage and without complaining. While 'résigné' can feel a bit defeated or sad, 'stoïque' implies strength and dignity. If someone loses their house in a fire and remains calm, you might call them 'stoïque' to admire them, or 'résigné' if they just look like they've lost all hope. Another interesting word is passif (passive). This is often used as a criticism. A 'passif' person doesn't take action. A 'résigné' person is passive because they've accepted the situation. You might also consider impuissant (powerless). If you are resigned, it is often because you feel 'impuissant' to change the outcome.

Résigné vs. Accommodant
'Accommodant' means easy-going or willing to please. It's a choice to be helpful. 'Résigné' is not a choice made out of kindness, but out of necessity.

Elle est restée stoïque malgré la douleur intense.

In formal or literary French, you might use oblatif, though it’s rare and specifically refers to someone who sacrifices their own needs for others—a form of extreme resignation. More commonly, you'll hear désabusé (disillusioned). A 'désabusé' person has lost their illusions and often feels cynical. This is close to 'résigné' but carries a sharper edge of bitterness. While a 'résigné' person has simply accepted the bad situation, a 'désabusé' person is often unhappy and cynical about the world in general. Choosing between these words depends on whether you want to emphasize the person's strength (stoïque), their surrender (résigné), their cynicism (désabusé), or their lack of power (impuissant). Understanding these nuances will make your French much more expressive and precise.

Comparison Table
- Résigné: Accepting the inevitable.
- Stoïque: Accepting with courage.
- Soumis: Yielding to authority.
- Désabusé: Accepting with cynicism.

Un air désabusé se lisait sur son visage après tant d'échecs.

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Exemplos por nível

1

Il est résigné.

He is resigned.

Simple subject + verb + adjective.

2

Elle est résignée.

She is resigned.

Add 'e' for the feminine form.

3

Ils sont résignés.

They are resigned.

Add 's' for the plural form.

4

Je suis résigné.

I am resigned.

Used to express a personal state.

5

Tu es résignée ?

Are you resigned? (to a girl)

Question form with feminine agreement.

6

Le chat est résigné.

The cat is resigned.

Adjective modifying a masculine noun.

7

Nous sommes résignés.

We are resigned.

Plural agreement.

8

C'est un homme résigné.

He is a resigned man.

Adjective following a noun.

1

Il est résigné à faire ses devoirs.

He is resigned to doing his homework.

Structure: être résigné à + infinitive.

2

Elle a un air résigné ce matin.

She has a resigned look this morning.

Using 'air' to describe appearance.

3

Nous sommes résignés à attendre le bus.

We are resigned to waiting for the bus.

Common daily context.

4

Il s'est résigné à manger de la soupe.

He resigned himself to eating soup.

Using the reflexive verb 'se résigner à'.

5

Elle reste résignée malgré la pluie.

She remains resigned despite the rain.

Using 'rester' instead of 'être'.

6

Ils sont résignés à perdre le match.

They are resigned to losing the match.

Accepting an inevitable outcome.

7

Je me suis résigné à dormir tôt.

I resigned myself to going to bed early.

Reflexive verb in the passé composé.

8

C'est une attitude résignée.

It is a resigned attitude.

Adjective modifying a feminine noun.

1

Face à la crise, les gens sont devenus résignés.

Faced with the crisis, people have become resigned.

Using 'devenir' to show a change in state.

2

Elle est résignée à vivre dans ce petit appartement.

She is resigned to living in this small apartment.

Accepting a living situation.

3

Il a accepté la nouvelle avec un sourire résigné.

He accepted the news with a resigned smile.

Using 'sourire' as a noun modified by 'résigné'.

4

Nous ne devons pas être résignés devant l'injustice.

We must not be resigned in the face of injustice.

Negative imperative context.

5

Elle s'est résignée à son sort après l'échec.

She resigned herself to her fate after the failure.

Idiom: 'se résigner à son sort'.

6

Il semble résigné à passer ses vacances seul.

He seems resigned to spending his holidays alone.

Using 'sembler' (to seem).

7

Les employés sont résignés aux changements de direction.

The employees are resigned to the management changes.

Preposition 'à' contracted to 'aux'.

8

Elle a poussé un long soupir résigné.

She let out a long, resigned sigh.

Descriptive narrative usage.

1

Sa résignation est palpable dans chaque mot qu'il prononce.

His resignation is palpable in every word he speaks.

Using the noun form 'résignation'.

2

L'opinion publique est résignée à une longue période d'austérité.

Public opinion is resigned to a long period of austerity.

Abstract social context.

3

Il est résigné à l'idée que rien ne changera jamais.

He is resigned to the idea that nothing will ever change.

Accepting a conceptual reality.

4

Malgré sa force, elle finit par se montrer résignée.

Despite her strength, she ends up appearing resigned.

Using 'se montrer' (to show oneself as).

5

Un ton résigné peut cacher une grande tristesse.

A resigned tone can hide a great sadness.

Philosophical observation.

6

Ils sont résignés à subir les conséquences de leurs actes.

They are resigned to suffering the consequences of their actions.

Accepting legal or moral consequences.

7

Elle n'est pas résignée, elle est simplement fatiguée de se battre.

She is not resigned; she is simply tired of fighting.

Nuance between resignation and exhaustion.

8

Le peuple, résigné, a cessé de manifester dans les rues.

The people, resigned, have stopped protesting in the streets.

Appositive adjective usage.

1

Le protagoniste est le parfait exemple du héros résigné.

The protagonist is the perfect example of the resigned hero.

Literary analysis context.

2

Elle portait sur son visage les stigmates d'une vie résignée.

She wore on her face the scars of a resigned life.

Metaphorical and descriptive.

3

Il s'agit d'une résignation passive qui frise l'apathie.

It is a passive resignation that borders on apathy.

Advanced vocabulary (frise, apathie).

4

L'auteur explore la tension entre révolte et état résigné.

The author explores the tension between revolt and a resigned state.

Intellectual discourse.

5

On sent chez lui une forme de sagesse résignée.

One feels in him a form of resigned wisdom.

Positive connotation of resignation.

6

Elle a accepté son destin d'un pas résigné et digne.

She accepted her fate with a resigned and dignified step.

Combining 'résigné' with 'digne'.

7

La résignation peut être vue comme une capitulation morale.

Resignation can be seen as a moral surrender.

Sociological/Ethical debate.

8

Ils sont les résignés d'un système qui les dépasse.

They are the resigned ones of a system that is beyond them.

Using 'résignés' as a noun.

1

Il se dégage de cette œuvre une mélancolie résignée et profonde.

A resigned and deep melancholy emanates from this work.

Artistic critique.

2

La condition humaine est-elle intrinsèquement résignée ?

Is the human condition intrinsically resigned?

Philosophical inquiry.

3

Elle a fini par s'enfermer dans un mutisme résigné.

She ended up locking herself in a resigned silence.

Using 'mutisme' (refusal to speak).

4

Sa posture, bien que résignée, conservait une certaine superbe.

His posture, although resigned, maintained a certain grandeur.

Contrast using 'bien que' and 'superbe'.

5

L'inaction des citoyens témoigne d'une résignation systémique.

Citizens' inaction testifies to a systemic resignation.

Political science terminology.

6

Face à l'inéluctable, il n'y a de place que pour le cœur résigné.

In the face of the inevitable, there is room only for the resigned heart.

Poetic and formal.

7

On ne saurait être plus résigné que devant la fin d'un empire.

One could not be more resigned than before the end of an empire.

Advanced comparative structure.

8

Son œuvre est un hymne aux êtres résignés et oubliés.

His work is a hymn to the resigned and forgotten beings.

Literary tribute.

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