वचन em 30 segundos
- A formal and serious promise or vow.
- The grammatical term for 'number' (singular/plural).
- Words, speech, or teachings of great people.
- A commitment that carries deep cultural and moral weight.
The Hindi word वचन (vachan) is a deeply significant noun that primarily translates to 'promise', 'word', 'pledge', or 'vow'. It carries a profound cultural and linguistic weight in the Hindi-speaking world, representing not just a casual agreement but a binding commitment. Understanding 'vachan' requires looking at its roots, its everyday applications, and its specialized meanings in different contexts. In everyday conversation, when someone gives their 'vachan', they are putting their honor and credibility on the line. This is fundamentally different from a simple 'I will do it' (main karunga); it is a solemn declaration. Furthermore, in Hindi grammar, 'vachan' takes on a completely different but equally important meaning: 'number'. It is used to categorize nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and verbs into singular (एकवचन - ekvachan) and plural (बहुवचन - bahuvachan). This dual nature of the word makes it essential for both communicative fluency and grammatical accuracy.
- Primary Meaning: Promise/Pledge
- A declaration assuring that one will or will not do something. It is often associated with trust, honor, and reliability. When you give a vachan, you are expected to keep it regardless of the circumstances.
मैंने उसे अपनी मदद का वचन दिया है। (I have given him my promise of help.)
The concept of vachan is deeply embedded in Indian mythology and history. The epic Ramayana, for instance, revolves around the concept of keeping one's vachan. King Dasharatha's vachan to his wife Kaikeyi led to Lord Rama's 14-year exile. The famous saying 'प्राण जाएं पर वचन न जाए' (Pran jaye par vachan na jaye - Life may go, but the promise must not be broken) perfectly encapsulates the extreme reverence for keeping one's word in traditional Indian culture. This historical context still influences how the word is perceived today. Even in modern, casual settings, using the word 'vachan' adds a layer of seriousness to the conversation.
- Secondary Meaning: Speech/Words
- In a more literary or formal context, vachan can simply mean 'words' or 'speech'. For example, 'कटु वचन' (katu vachan) means bitter words, and 'अमृत वचन' (amrit vachan) means nectar-like or sweet words.
साधु के वचन सुनकर मुझे शांति मिली। (Hearing the sage's words, I found peace.)
Let us delve deeper into the grammatical aspect. Every Hindi learner encounters 'vachan' very early in their journey, even if they don't realize it. The concepts of 'ekvachan' (singular) and 'bahuvachan' (plural) dictate the entire structure of a Hindi sentence. The verb endings, adjective forms, and postpositions all change depending on the 'vachan' of the subject or object. For instance, 'लड़का' (ladka - boy) is ekvachan, while 'लड़के' (ladke - boys) is bahuvachan. This grammatical application is completely divorced from the 'promise' meaning, yet it uses the exact same word, derived from the Sanskrit root 'vac' meaning 'to speak' or 'to declare'.
- Grammatical Meaning: Number
- The property of a noun or pronoun that indicates whether it refers to one entity (singular) or more than one entity (plural).
हिंदी व्याकरण में दो वचन होते हैं: एकवचन और बहुवचन। (In Hindi grammar, there are two numbers: singular and plural.)
In political and social contexts, 'vachan' is frequently used during elections or formal campaigns. A 'vachan patra' (manifesto or document of promises) is released by political parties. Here, the word bridges the gap between a formal declaration and a moral commitment to the public. Understanding these nuances—from the sacred vows of marriage (सात वचन - saat vachan, the seven vows) to the mundane rules of grammar—makes 'vachan' a highly versatile and essential word for any serious learner of the Hindi language. It is a word that connects the ancient past with modern communication, and strict grammatical rules with fluid human emotions.
नेता जी ने चुनाव जीतने के बाद अपने सारे वचन भुला दिए। (The politician forgot all his promises after winning the election.)
विवाह के समय अग्नि के सात फेरे लेते हुए सात वचन दिए जाते हैं। (During marriage, seven vows are given while taking seven rounds around the fire.)
Using the word वचन (vachan) correctly in Hindi requires an understanding of its collocations, verb pairings, and contextual appropriateness. Because 'vachan' is a masculine noun (पुल्लिंग - pulling), any adjectives modifying it or verbs agreeing with it must be in the masculine form. For example, you would say 'मेरा वचन' (mera vachan - my promise) and not 'मेरी वचन' (meri vachan). The most critical aspect of using 'vachan' as 'promise' is knowing which verbs to pair it with. The act of making a promise is expressed with 'देना' (dena - to give). The act of keeping or fulfilling a promise is expressed with 'निभाना' (nibhana - to fulfill) or 'पूरा करना' (poora karna - to complete). Breaking a promise is expressed with 'तोड़ना' (todna - to break) or 'से मुकरना' (se mukarna - to back out from).
- Collocation: वचन देना (Vachan Dena)
- To give a promise. This is the standard way to say 'to promise someone'. It takes the postposition 'को' (ko) for the person receiving the promise.
पिता ने बेटी को वचन दिया कि वे उसे विदेश भेजेंगे। (The father promised the daughter that he would send her abroad.)
When you want to emphasize the strength or reliability of the promise, you can use adjectives like 'पक्का' (pakka - firm/solid) or 'सच्चा' (saccha - true). A 'pakka vachan' is an unbreakable vow. Conversely, a 'झूठा वचन' (jhootha vachan) is a false promise. In formal or literary Hindi, you might encounter 'वचनबद्ध' (vachanbaddh), which is an adjective meaning 'bound by a promise' or 'committed'. If someone is 'vachanbaddh', they are legally or morally obligated to perform an action. This shows how 'vachan' can be compounded with other words to create sophisticated vocabulary.
- Collocation: वचन निभाना (Vachan Nibhana)
- To keep or honor a promise. This emphasizes the action of following through on what was declared.
रघुकुल की यह रीत है कि हमेशा अपना वचन निभाना चाहिए। (It is the tradition of the Raghukula dynasty that one must always keep their promise.)
Now, let us look at how to use 'vachan' in its grammatical sense. When discussing language, 'vachan' translates to 'number'. You will use terms like 'एकवचन' (ekvachan - singular) and 'बहुवचन' (bahuvachan - plural). If you are asking a teacher about a word, you might ask, 'यह शब्द एकवचन है या बहुवचन?' (Is this word singular or plural?). Furthermore, there is a concept of 'आदरार्थ बहुवचन' (aadararth bahuvachan), which means using the plural form to show respect to a singular person (like using 'आप' instead of 'तू'). In this context, 'vachan' is a technical linguistic term.
- Usage in Grammar: एकवचन / बहुवचन
- Used to identify the numerical category of a noun or pronoun in language studies.
'किताब' एकवचन है और 'किताबें' बहुवचन है। ('Kitab' is singular and 'kitabein' is plural.)
Another common usage is in the phrase 'प्रवचन' (pravachan), which means a religious discourse or sermon. The prefix 'pra' adds the meaning of 'excellent' or 'forth', so 'pravachan' literally means 'excellent speech'. You will often hear that a famous guru is giving a 'pravachan' at the temple. Similarly, 'निर्वचन' (nirvachan) means interpretation or election. The root word remains 'vachan'. To master 'vachan', practice substituting the more common Urdu loanword 'वादा' (vaada) with 'vachan' in your sentences when you want to sound more formal or emphasize the gravity of the commitment. Remember the verb agreements: 'वचन दिया जाता है' (a promise is given) and 'वचन तोड़ा जाता है' (a promise is broken).
मैं तुम्हें वचन देता हूँ कि मैं कल समय पर आऊँगा। (I promise you that I will come on time tomorrow.)
उसने अपना वचन तोड़ दिया, इसलिए अब मैं उस पर विश्वास नहीं करता। (He broke his promise, so I do not trust him anymore.)
The word वचन (vachan) is ubiquitous in the Hindi-speaking world, but the specific meaning it conveys depends heavily on where you hear it. Because it spans the realms of everyday promises, formal declarations, religious vows, and grammatical rules, its context is everything. You will hear it in living rooms, classrooms, temples, political rallies, and cinema halls. Let's explore the diverse environments where 'vachan' makes an appearance and what it signifies in each setting. In a typical Indian household, you might hear a parent asking a child for a 'vachan' to study hard or to not repeat a mistake. While 'vaada' (promise) is more common for trivial things, a parent might use 'vachan' to instill a sense of deep moral responsibility in the child. It elevates the agreement from a casual nod to a serious familial commitment.
- Context: Weddings and Rituals
- In Hindu weddings, the most critical part of the ceremony is the 'Saat Phere' (seven circumambulations), during which the bride and groom exchange 'सात वचन' (saat vachan - seven vows). Here, vachan represents a lifelong, sacred commitment witnessed by the fire deity.
पंडित जी ने दूल्हा-दुल्हन को विवाह के सात वचन समझाए। (The priest explained the seven vows of marriage to the bride and groom.)
Another prominent place you will hear 'vachan' is in politics. Indian elections are massive events, and political parties release manifestos outlining what they will do if elected. In Hindi, this manifesto is often called a 'वचन पत्र' (vachan patra - document of promises) or 'घोषणा पत्र' (ghoshna patra). Politicians will stand on stages and shout, 'यह मेरा वचन है!' (This is my promise!) to assure the public of their dedication. In this context, 'vachan' is used to project integrity, reliability, and a firm resolve, contrasting with the cynical view that politicians often make empty promises (झूठे वादे - jhoothe vaade).
- Context: Hindi Classrooms
- Any student learning Hindi grammar will hear 'vachan' constantly. Teachers use it to explain singular (ekvachan) and plural (bahuvachan) forms. It is a fundamental building block of language education.
शिक्षक ने छात्रों से 'घोड़ा' शब्द का बहुवचन बताने को कहा। (The teacher asked the students to tell the plural of the word 'ghoda'.)
In literature and poetry, 'vachan' often reverts to its root meaning of 'speech' or 'words'. Saints and poets like Kabir or Tulsidas refer to their teachings or the words of God as 'vachan'. You will hear phrases like 'संतों के वचन' (santon ke vachan - the words of saints) or 'अमृत वचन' (amrit vachan - nectar-like words). In religious gatherings (satsangs), the guru delivers a 'pravachan' (discourse), and the devotees listen to the 'vachan' to gain spiritual enlightenment. Here, the word transcends a simple promise and becomes a vessel for wisdom and truth.
- Context: Bollywood and Cinema
- Hindi movies frequently use 'vachan' for dramatic effect. A dying mother might ask her son for a 'vachan' to avenge his father. The dramatic weight of the word makes it perfect for high-stakes cinematic moments.
हीरो ने अपनी माँ को वचन दिया कि वह विलेन को नहीं छोड़ेगा। (The hero promised his mother that he would not spare the villain.)
Finally, in legal and corporate Hindi, 'vachan' is used in contracts and agreements. A promissory note is called a 'वचन पत्र' (vachan patra). When a company guarantees a service, they are giving a formal vachan. Thus, whether you are reading a grammar textbook, attending a traditional wedding, watching a political debate, or enjoying a dramatic Bollywood film, 'vachan' is a word you will encounter repeatedly. Its ability to convey both a simple grammatical rule and a profound moral obligation makes it a fascinating study in how language reflects culture.
महाभारत में भीष्म पितामह का वचन बहुत प्रसिद्ध है। (In the Mahabharata, the vow of Bhishma Pitamah is very famous.)
कंपनी ने ग्राहकों को उच्च गुणवत्ता का वचन दिया है। (The company has promised high quality to the customers.)
When learning and using the word वचन (vachan), learners often stumble upon a few common pitfalls. These mistakes usually stem from confusion with similar-sounding words, incorrect gender assignment, inappropriate verb pairings, or misunderstanding the context. Because 'vachan' has multiple distinct meanings (promise vs. grammatical number vs. speech), using it correctly requires careful attention to the surrounding sentence structure. Let's break down the most frequent errors so you can avoid them and speak Hindi more naturally and accurately.
- Mistake 1: Confusing 'Vachan' (Promise) with 'Vajan' (Weight)
- This is perhaps the most common phonetic mistake for beginners. The 'ch' (च) in vachan and the 'j' (ज) in vajan sound somewhat similar if spoken quickly, but mixing them up leads to nonsensical sentences.
❌ Incorrect: मेरा वजन है कि मैं कल आऊँगा। (My weight is that I will come tomorrow.)
✅ Correct: मेरा वचन है कि मैं कल आऊँगा। (My promise is that I will come tomorrow.)
Another major area of confusion is gender. In Hindi, every noun has a gender, and this dictates the form of the adjectives and verbs associated with it. 'Vachan' is a masculine noun (पुल्लिंग - pulling). Many learners, especially those whose native languages do not have grammatical gender for inanimate objects, might accidentally treat it as feminine. This results in saying 'मेरी वचन' (meri vachan) instead of the correct 'मेरा वचन' (mera vachan). Always remember that promises in Hindi are grammatically masculine!
- Mistake 2: Incorrect Gender Agreement
- Using feminine adjectives or verb endings with 'vachan'. It must always be treated as a masculine singular or plural noun.
❌ Incorrect: उसने अपनी वचन तोड़ दी। (She broke her promise - using feminine agreement.)
✅ Correct: उसने अपना वचन तोड़ दिया। (He/She broke his/her promise - using masculine agreement.)
Verb pairing is another crucial aspect. In English, we 'make' a promise. If you translate this directly into Hindi, you might say 'वचन बनाना' (vachan banana - to make a promise). This is completely wrong in Hindi. You do not 'make' a vachan; you 'give' (देना - dena) a vachan. Similarly, you do not 'do' (करना - karna) a vachan. You can 'do' a vaada (वादा करना - vaada karna), but 'vachan' almost exclusively pairs with 'dena' (to give) when initiating the promise, and 'nibhana' (to fulfill) when keeping it.
- Mistake 3: Using the Wrong Verb (Direct Translation)
- Translating 'make a promise' literally as 'vachan banana' or 'vachan karna'.
❌ Incorrect: मैं तुम्हें एक वचन बनाता हूँ। (I make you a promise.)
✅ Correct: मैं तुम्हें वचन देता हूँ। (I give you a promise.)
Finally, context matters. Using 'vachan' for very trivial, everyday things can sound overly dramatic or archaic. If you are promising your friend that you will call them back in five minutes, saying 'मैं वचन देता हूँ' (Main vachan deta hoon) sounds like you are making a life-or-death vow. In such casual scenarios, it is much more natural to use 'पक्का' (pakka - for sure) or 'वादा' (vaada - promise). Save 'vachan' for situations that carry some emotional, moral, or formal weight. Overusing it dilutes its impact and makes your Hindi sound unnaturally theatrical, like a character from a mythological TV show rather than a modern speaker.
❌ Contextually Awkward: मैं वचन देता हूँ कि मैं आज पिज़्ज़ा खाऊँगा। (I vow that I will eat pizza today.)
✅ Contextually Appropriate: मैं वचन देता हूँ कि मैं हमेशा तुम्हारा साथ दूँगा। (I promise that I will always stand by you.)
The Hindi language is rich with synonyms, often borrowing heavily from both Sanskrit and Persian/Arabic sources. When it comes to the concept of a promise or a commitment, वचन (vachan) has several close relatives. Understanding the nuances between these similar words will help you choose the exact right term for the situation, whether you are chatting with a friend, reading a legal document, or writing a formal letter. The most common alternative to 'vachan' is the Urdu-derived word 'वादा' (vaada). Let's explore these synonyms and how they differ in tone, origin, and usage.
- 1. वादा (Vaada) - The Everyday Promise
- Originating from Arabic/Urdu, 'vaada' is the most commonly used word for 'promise' in spoken, everyday Hindi. It is less formal and less heavy than 'vachan'. You use 'vaada' with the verb 'करना' (karna - to do). So, 'vaada karna' means to promise.
मुझसे वादा करो कि तुम कल आओगे। (Promise me that you will come tomorrow.)
While 'vachan' carries a sense of moral duty and honor, 'vaada' is more about a standard agreement or assurance. You can break a 'vaada' and people might just be annoyed, but breaking a 'vachan' implies a loss of integrity. Another related word is 'प्रतिज्ञा' (pratigya). This is a pure Sanskrit-derived Hindi word (Tatsam) that translates closer to 'vow', 'pledge', or 'oath'. It is even stronger and more formal than 'vachan'. A 'pratigya' is usually taken in front of others, often for a grand cause or a life-altering decision.
- 2. प्रतिज्ञा (Pratigya) - The Solemn Vow
- A very formal oath or pledge. It is often used in patriotic, religious, or highly dramatic contexts. You 'take' a pratigya (प्रतिज्ञा लेना - pratigya lena) or 'do' a pratigya (प्रतिज्ञा करना - pratigya karna).
सैनिकों ने देश की रक्षा करने की प्रतिज्ञा ली। (The soldiers took a vow to protect the country.)
Another word you might encounter is 'कसम' (kasam), which means 'swear' or 'oath'. When you say 'मैं कसम खाता हूँ' (Main kasam khata hoon), you are saying 'I swear'. While a 'vachan' is a promise you give, a 'kasam' is an oath you take, often invoking God, a loved one, or something sacred to prove you are telling the truth or will do something. 'Kasam' is highly emotional and frequently used in daily life and Bollywood movies ('माँ की कसम' - swear on my mother).
- 3. कसम (Kasam) - The Oath/Swear
- An oath taken to assure someone of the truth or a future action. It is highly emotional and often invokes something sacred.
मैं भगवान की कसम खाकर कहता हूँ कि मैंने चोरी नहीं की। (I swear to God that I did not steal.)
For the grammatical meaning of 'vachan' (number), there are no direct synonyms in Hindi grammar; 'vachan' is the absolute technical term. However, if 'vachan' is used to mean 'speech' or 'words' (like in amrit vachan), synonyms would include 'शब्द' (shabd - words), 'बात' (baat - talk/matter), or 'कथन' (kathan - statement). For instance, 'महापुरुषों के कथन' (statements of great men) is similar to 'महापुरुषों के वचन'. Choosing between these words depends entirely on the register (formal vs. informal) and the exact shade of meaning you wish to convey. Mastering these distinctions will significantly elevate your Hindi proficiency.
उसका कथन था कि वह निर्दोष है। (His statement was that he is innocent.)
मैंने उसे अपनी किताब देने का वादा किया है। (I have promised to give him my book.)
How Formal Is It?
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यह शब्द एकवचन है।
This word is singular.
'एकवचन' (ekvachan) is the grammatical term for singular.
'किताबें' बहुवचन है।
'Books' is plural.
'बहुवचन' (bahuvachan) is the grammatical term for plural.
हिंदी में दो वचन होते हैं।
There are two numbers in Hindi.
Here 'vachan' means grammatical number.
लड़का एकवचन है।
Boy is singular.
Basic identification of noun number.
लड़के बहुवचन है।
Boys is plural.
Basic identification of noun number.
वचन बदलो।
Change the number (singular to plural or vice versa).
A common instruction in Hindi grammar exercises.
क्या यह एकवचन है?
Is this singular?
Asking a basic grammatical question.
बहुवचन रूप लिखो।
Write the plural form.
Imperative form used in classroom instructions.
मैं तुम्हें वचन देता हूँ।
I give you a promise.
'वचन देना' (vachan dena) is the standard phrase for making a promise.
उसने मुझे वचन दिया था।
He had given me a promise.
Past perfect tense with 'vachan diya tha'.
अपना वचन मत तोड़ना।
Do not break your promise.
'वचन तोड़ना' (vachan todna) means to break a promise.
यह मेरा पक्का वचन है।
This is my firm promise.
'पक्का' (pakka) adds emphasis, meaning firm or solid.
क्या तुम वचन दे सकते हो?
Can you give a promise?
Using 'vachan' with the modal verb 'sakna' (can).
मैंने अपना वचन पूरा किया।
I fulfilled my promise.
'वचन पूरा करना' (vachan poora karna) means to fulfill a promise.
वह झूठे वचन देता है।
He gives false promises.
'झूठा' (jhootha) means false or fake.
मुझे तुम्हारा वचन चाहिए।
I need your promise.
Using 'chahiye' (need/want) with 'vachan'.
एक अच्छा मित्र हमेशा अपना वचन निभाता है।
A good friend always keeps their promise.
'वचन निभाना' (vachan nibhana) is a higher-level phrase for keeping a promise.
विवाह में सात वचन लिए जाते हैं।
Seven vows are taken in a marriage.
Cultural reference to Hindu wedding vows (saat vachan).
राजा ने प्रजा को सुरक्षा का वचन दिया।
The king promised security to the citizens.
Formal context using 'ko' (to) and 'ka' (of).
मुश्किल समय में भी उसने अपना वचन नहीं तोड़ा।
Even in difficult times, he did not break his promise.
Complex sentence structure with 'bhi' (even).
हमें अपने माता-पिता को दिए गए वचन याद रखने चाहिए।
We should remember the promises given to our parents.
Passive construction 'diye gaye vachan' (given promises).
नेता जी के वचन केवल चुनाव तक ही सीमित थे।
The politician's promises were limited only to the election.
Using 'vachan' in a political, slightly cynical context.
साधु के मधुर वचन सुनकर मन शांत हो गया।
Hearing the sweet words of the sage, the mind became peaceful.
Here 'vachan' means 'words' or 'speech', not promise.
मैं वचनबद्ध हूँ कि मैं यह काम कल तक खत्म कर दूँगा।
I am committed (bound by promise) that I will finish this work by tomorrow.
Using the adjective 'वचनबद्ध' (vachanbaddh - committed).
पार्टी ने अपना नया वचन पत्र जारी किया है।
The party has released its new manifesto (document of promises).
'वचन पत्र' (vachan patra) is the formal term for a manifesto.
रघुकुल की परंपरा है: प्राण जाएं पर वचन न जाए।
It is the tradition of Raghukula: Life may go, but the promise must not be broken.
A famous historical idiom demonstrating cultural values.
कंपनी ग्राहकों को उच्च गुणवत्ता का वचन देती है।
The company promises high quality to the customers.
Formal corporate language.
उनके कटु वचनों ने मेरे हृदय को गहरी ठेस पहुँचाई।
His bitter words deeply hurt my heart.
'कटु वचन' (katu vachan) means bitter or harsh words.
न्यायालय में गवाह ने सत्य बोलने का वचन लिया।
In the court, the witness took an oath to speak the truth.
Legal context; taking a vow.
सरकार अपनी वचनबद्धता से पीछे नहीं हट सकती।
The government cannot step back from its commitment.
Using the abstract noun 'वचनबद्धता' (vachanbaddhata - commitment).
संतों के अमृत वचनों का हमारे जीवन पर गहरा प्रभाव पड़ता है।
The nectar-like words of saints have a deep impact on our lives.
Literary use of 'amrit vachan' (nectar words).
बिना सोचे-समझे किसी को वचन देना मूर्खता है।
Giving a promise to someone without thinking is foolishness.
Infinitive phrase used as the subject of the sentence.
महाभारत का युद्ध भीष्म के उस एक कठोर वचन का ही परिणाम था।
The war of Mahabharata was the result of that one harsh vow of Bhishma.
Complex historical and literary analysis sentence.
कबीरदास के निर्गुण वचन आज भी समाज को दिशा दिखाते हैं।
The formless (spiritual) teachings of Kabirdas still guide the society today.
'Vachan' used as 'teachings' or 'verses' in classical literature.
अंतर्राष्ट्रीय मंच पर भारत ने पर्यावरण संरक्षण के प्रति अपनी वचनबद्धता दोहराई।
On the international stage, India reiterated its commitment towards environmental protection.
High-level diplomatic and journalistic vocabulary.
वचनभंग को प्राचीन काल में एक गंभीर पाप माना जाता था।
Breach of promise was considered a serious sin in ancient times.
Using the formal compound word 'वचनभंग' (vachanbhang - breach of promise).
व्याकरणिक दृष्टि से, आदरार्थ बहुवचन का प्रयोग हिंदी भाषा की एक अनूठी विशेषता है।
From a grammatical perspective, the use of honorific plural is a unique feature of the Hindi language.
Academic discussion of 'vachan' as grammatical number.
उनके प्रवचन में जीवन के गूढ़ रहस्यों का अत्यंत सरल निर्वचन था।
In his discourse, there was a very simple interpretation of the deep mysteries of life.
Playing with derivative words: 'pravachan' (discourse) and 'nirvachan' (interpretation).
राजनीतिक दलों के घोषणापत्र अक्सर खोखले वचनों का पुलिंदा मात्र होते हैं।
The manifestos of political parties are often merely a bundle of hollow promises.
Advanced metaphorical language ('khokhle vachanon ka pulinda').
उसने अपने प्राणों की आहुति दे दी, परंतु अपने दिए हुए वचन पर आंच नहीं आने दी।
He sacrificed his life, but did not let his given promise be tarnished.
Highly dramatic, literary sentence structure.
पाणिनि के अष्टाध्यायी में वचन और लिंग के नियमों का अत्यंत सूक्ष्म और वैज्ञानिक विश्लेषण प्रस्तुत किया गया है।
In Panini's Ashtadhyayi, a highly subtle and scientific analysis of the rules of number and gender has been presented.
Scholarly discussion of ancient linguistics.
उपनिषदों के महावाक्य केवल शब्द नहीं, अपितु वे ब्रह्म के साक्षात् वचन हैं जो अज्ञान के अंधकार को चीर देते हैं।
The Mahavakyas of the Upanishads are not mere words, but they are the direct speech of Brahman that tears through the darkness of ignorance.
Deep philosophical and theological context.
आधुनिक संविदा विधि में 'वचन' की वैधानिक परिभाषा और उसके उल्लंघन के परिणाम अत्यंत स्पष्ट रूप से संहिताबद्ध हैं।
In modern contract law, the legal definition of 'promise' and the consequences of its breach are very clearly codified.
Technical legal terminology (Samvida Vidhi - Contract Law).
तुलसीदास जी ने रामचरितमानस में 'वचन' को केवल एक नैतिक दायित्व नहीं, बल्कि धर्म के सर्वोच्च शिखर के रूप में स्थापित किया है।
Tulsidas ji, in Ramcharitmanas, has established 'vachan' not merely as a moral obligation, but as the highest peak of Dharma.
Literary criticism and cultural analysis.
राजनीतिक विमर्श में 'वचनबद्धता' का क्षरण लोकतंत्र के मूल ढांचे के लिए एक गंभीर संकट उत्पन्न कर रहा है।
The erosion of 'commitment' in political discourse is creating a serious crisis for the basic structure of democracy.
Advanced socio-political commentary.
श्रुति परंपरा में गुरु के मुख से निःसृत वचन ही शिष्य के लिए अंतिम प्रमाण माने जाते थे।
In the oral tradition, the words emanating from the mouth of the guru were considered the ultimate proof for the disciple.
Historical and epistemological context (Shruti parampara).
काव्यशास्त्र में वक्रोक्ति और सीधे वचनों के बीच का द्वंद्व ही कविता के सौंदर्य का निर्धारण करता है।
In poetics, the conflict between indirect speech (vakrokti) and direct words determines the beauty of the poem.
Advanced literary theory (Kavyashastra).
वैश्वीकरण के इस युग में, राष्ट्र-राज्यों द्वारा किए गए जलवायु संबंधी वचनों का अनुपालन एक वैश्विक अनिवार्यता बन गया है।
In this era of globalization, the compliance of climate-related promises made by nation-states has become a global imperative.
Contemporary global policy discourse.
Colocações comuns
Frases Comuns
मेरा वचन है (It is my promise)
वचन से मुकरना (To back out of a promise)
प्राण जाएं पर वचन न जाए (Life may go, but the promise must remain)
वचन का पक्का (True to one's word)
वचनबद्ध होना (To be committed)
मधुर वचन बोलना (To speak sweet words)
वचन पूरा करना (To fulfill a promise)
वचन हारना (To lose one's word/fail a promise)
वचन भंग करना (To breach a promise)
वचन लेना (To take a promise/vow from someone)
Frequentemente confundido com
Expressões idiomáticas
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Padrões de frases
Como usar
It can mean the act of promising, the words spoken, or the grammatical concept of number. Context is key.
High. 'Vachan' is more formal and carries more moral weight than the Urdu loanword 'vaada'.
In very casual slang, someone might say 'bhai ka vachan hai' (brother's promise) to sound ironically dramatic.
- Saying 'मेरी वचन' (meri vachan) instead of 'मेरा वचन' (mera vachan). Vachan is masculine.
- Saying 'वचन करना' (vachan karna) instead of 'वचन देना' (vachan dena). You give a vachan, you don't 'do' it.
- Pronouncing it as 'vajan', which means weight, leading to confusing sentences like 'I give you my weight'.
- Using 'vachan' for very casual, everyday agreements where 'vaada' (वादा) would be much more natural.
- Confusing 'ekvachan' (singular) with 'bahuvachan' (plural) during grammar exercises.
Dicas
Masculine Agreement
Always treat 'vachan' as a masculine noun. Say 'mera vachan' (my promise), not 'meri vachan'. This applies to all adjectives and past tense verbs associated with it.
Dena vs Karna
Remember the verb pairings. You 'do' a vaada (vaada karna), but you 'give' a vachan (vachan dena). Never say 'vachan karna'.
Crisp 'Ch' Sound
Ensure you pronounce the 'च' (ch) in vachan clearly. If you soften it to a 'j' sound, native speakers will think you are talking about 'vajan' (weight).
Don't Overuse It
Save 'vachan' for serious situations. Using it for trivial things like promising to buy groceries sounds overly dramatic. Use 'vaada' or 'pakka' instead.
Ekvachan and Bahuvachan
Memorize these two terms early on. 'Ekvachan' is singular, 'Bahuvachan' is plural. You will need these words to understand almost every Hindi grammar rule.
Mythological Weight
When watching Indian epics like Ramayana, pay attention to the word 'vachan'. Understanding its weight will help you grasp the motivations of the main characters.
Vachanbaddh
If you want to sound highly professional or formal, use the adjective 'vachanbaddh' (committed). E.g., 'Main vachanbaddh hoon' (I am committed).
Political News
During Indian elections, look out for the phrase 'vachan patra' in Hindi newspapers. It's a great way to learn political vocabulary.
Learn the Classic Idiom
Memorize 'Pran jaye par vachan na jaye'. Using this idiom in a conversation about trust will highly impress any native Hindi speaker.
The Promise Hierarchy
Keep the hierarchy in mind: Vaada (casual) -> Vachan (serious) -> Pratigya (solemn oath). Choose your word based on the gravity of the situation.
Memorize
Mnemônico
Imagine a VULTURE (sounds like Va-chan) making a PROMISE not to eat the SINGULAR or PLURAL animals.
Origem da palavra
Sanskrit
Contexto cultural
Breaking a 'vachan' is culturally frowned upon. Frivolously using the word for minor things can make one seem melodramatic.
Formal and highly respectful. Using 'vachan' instead of 'vaada' elevates the seriousness of the conversation.
While understood everywhere, in rural or highly traditional areas (especially in the Hindi heartland of UP/Bihar), 'vachan' carries even more weight than in modern urban centers where English 'promise' is common.
Pratique na vida real
Contextos reais
Iniciadores de conversa
"क्या आपने कभी किसी को ऐसा वचन दिया है जिसे निभाना मुश्किल था? (Have you ever given someone a promise that was hard to keep?)"
"आजकल के नेता अपने वचन पत्र को कितनी गंभीरता से लेते हैं? (How seriously do today's politicians take their manifestos?)"
"क्या आपको लगता है कि 'प्राण जाएं पर वचन न जाए' आज के समय में प्रासंगिक है? (Do you think 'Life may go but a promise must not' is relevant today?)"
"हिंदी व्याकरण में एकवचन और बहुवचन के क्या नियम हैं? (What are the rules for singular and plural in Hindi grammar?)"
"शादी के सात वचन क्या होते हैं? (What are the seven vows of marriage?)"
Temas para diário
Write about a time you broke a 'vachan' and how it made you feel.
Describe the difference between a casual 'vaada' and a serious 'vachan' in your own life.
List 10 Hindi nouns and write their 'ekvachan' and 'bahuvachan' forms.
If you were a politician, what would be the top three points in your 'vachan patra'?
Reflect on the phrase 'कटु वचन' (bitter words). When have words hurt more than actions?
Perguntas frequentes
10 perguntas'Vaada' is an everyday, casual promise, often derived from Urdu. 'Vachan' is a formal, serious promise with deep moral and cultural weight, derived from Sanskrit. You might make a 'vaada' to meet a friend for coffee. You give a 'vachan' to take care of someone's family.
The most common and natural way is 'मैं वादा करता हूँ' (Main vaada karta hoon). If you want to be very serious or formal, you say 'मैं वचन देता हूँ' (Main vachan deta hoon). Notice that 'vaada' uses the verb 'karna' (to do), while 'vachan' uses 'dena' (to give).
In Hindi grammar, 'vachan' means 'number'. It is used to classify nouns, pronouns, and verbs into 'ekvachan' (singular) and 'bahuvachan' (plural). It is one of the first concepts taught to Hindi learners.
'Vachan' is a masculine noun (पुल्लिंग). Therefore, you must use masculine adjectives and verbs with it. For example, say 'मेरा वचन' (mera vachan - my promise) and 'उसने वचन दिया' (usne vachan diya - he/she gave a promise).
'Saat Vachan' translates to 'Seven Vows'. It refers to the seven sacred promises a Hindu bride and groom make to each other while walking around the holy fire during their wedding ceremony. These vows cover duties regarding food, strength, wealth, family, progeny, health, and lifelong friendship.
Yes, especially in literary, poetic, or religious contexts. For example, 'कटु वचन' (katu vachan) means bitter words, and 'संतों के वचन' (santon ke vachan) means the words or teachings of saints. In these cases, it does not mean 'promise'.
A 'Vachan Patra' literally means a 'document of promises'. In modern India, it is most commonly used to refer to a political party's election manifesto. It can also refer to a promissory note in legal or financial contexts.
You say 'वचन तोड़ना' (vachan todna). For example, 'उसने अपना वचन तोड़ दिया' (Usne apna vachan tod diya) means 'He broke his promise'. Another phrase is 'वचन से मुकरना' (vachan se mukarna), which means to back out of a promise.
This is a famous idiom from the Ramayana. It translates to 'Life may depart, but the promise must not be broken'. It highlights the extreme cultural importance placed on honoring one's word, suggesting that keeping a promise is more important than life itself.
No, they are completely different words that sound slightly similar to beginners. 'Vachan' (with a 'ch' sound) means promise or grammatical number. 'Vajan' (with a 'j' sound) means weight. Be careful with your pronunciation to avoid confusion.
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Summary
'वचन' (vachan) is a powerful word that bridges the gap between a solemn moral promise and a fundamental rule of grammar. Whether you are giving your word of honor or changing a noun from singular to plural, mastering 'vachan' is essential for true fluency in Hindi.
- A formal and serious promise or vow.
- The grammatical term for 'number' (singular/plural).
- Words, speech, or teachings of great people.
- A commitment that carries deep cultural and moral weight.
Masculine Agreement
Always treat 'vachan' as a masculine noun. Say 'mera vachan' (my promise), not 'meri vachan'. This applies to all adjectives and past tense verbs associated with it.
Dena vs Karna
Remember the verb pairings. You 'do' a vaada (vaada karna), but you 'give' a vachan (vachan dena). Never say 'vachan karna'.
Crisp 'Ch' Sound
Ensure you pronounce the 'च' (ch) in vachan clearly. If you soften it to a 'j' sound, native speakers will think you are talking about 'vajan' (weight).
Don't Overuse It
Save 'vachan' for serious situations. Using it for trivial things like promising to buy groceries sounds overly dramatic. Use 'vaada' or 'pakka' instead.
Exemplo
उसने अपना वचन निभाया।
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आँचल
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आचरण
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आँगन
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आंगन
A2Uma área aberta e descoberta, muitas vezes pavimentada, adjacente a uma casa; um pátio.
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आज्ञा
B1Uma instrução ou ordem; permissão
आज्ञा का पालन करना
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आज्ञा मानना
A2Obedecer; cumprir uma ordem ou regra.
आज्ञा पालन करना
B1Obedecer
