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A2 noun #2,000 mais comum 7 min de leitura

期日

kijitsu
Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas 期日 em 30 segundos
Explicação 期日 in your Level:
At the A1 level, you don't need to use '期日' (kijitsu) often. You usually use 'いつ' (itsu - when) or '締め切り' (shimekiri - deadline). However, you might see '期日' on simple forms or bills. Think of it as a formal way to say 'the day something must happen.' If you see '期日: 10月1日', it just means 'Date: October 1st'. It is a noun. You can say 'Kijitsu wa itsu desu ka?' (When is the due date?). It is helpful for understanding when your rent or bills are due. At this level, just remember it means 'fixed day'.
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At the A2 level, you start using '期日' in basic business or official situations. You should know the pattern '期日までに' (by the due date). For example, '期日までにレポートを出してください' (Please submit the report by the due date). You understand that this word is more formal than 'shimekiri'. You might use it when talking to a doctor about an appointment or a landlord about a payment. You should be able to recognize it in emails and understand that it refers to a specific calendar date that is important to follow.
At the B1 level, you can use '期日' to manage tasks and negotiate. You know verbs like '期日を定める' (to set a date) and '期日を延ばす' (to extend a date). You can explain why you might miss a '期日' using formal grammar. You also begin to see the word in compound nouns like '期日前投票' (early voting). You understand the difference between '期日' (the point in time) and '期間' (the duration). You can use it comfortably in a Japanese office environment to discuss project milestones and deadlines with colleagues.
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At the B2 level, you use '期日' with nuance. You understand its legal implications, such as in contracts or official warnings. You can use phrases like '期日が迫る' (the date is imminent) to create a sense of urgency in your writing. You are aware of the register—using '期日' shows you are taking a matter seriously. You can distinguish it from '納期' (delivery date) and '期限' (time limit) perfectly. You might use it in discussions about social issues, like the '期日' for a new law to take effect or the '期日' for a government application.
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At the C1 level, you understand '期日' in complex legal and administrative contexts. You can follow a court case where '期日' refers to specific hearing dates. You understand the concept of '期日の指定' (designation of the date) in civil procedure. You can use the word in high-level business negotiations to define 'maturity dates' for financial instruments. Your usage is precise, and you can explain the subtle differences between '期日' and '期節' or other archaic time-related terms. You use it to discuss the temporal framework of complex projects or legal frameworks.
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At the C2 level, '期日' is a tool for precise legal and philosophical expression. You understand its role in the 'Theory of Time' within Japanese law. You can draft formal contracts where '期日' defines the exact moment of 'default' (履行遅滞). You are familiar with historical uses of the word and how its meaning has evolved in the Japanese Civil Code. You can use it in academic papers or high-level legal briefs to argue about the validity of a claim based on whether a '期日' was properly observed or notified. You have total mastery over its collocations and rhythmic placement in formal oratory.
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Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas

期日 em 30 segundos

  • 期日 (Kijitsu) is a formal noun meaning 'due date' or 'appointed day' for tasks or legal events.
  • It is more formal than 'shimekiri' and is commonly used in business, banking, and law.
  • Key verbs include 'mamoru' (to keep), 'sadameru' (to set), and 'nobasu' (to extend).
  • Commonly seen in 'kijitsuzen-tōhyō' (early voting) and official payment notices.

The Japanese word 期日 (kijitsu) refers to a specific, designated date on which a particular action must be completed, an event is scheduled to occur, or a legal obligation matures. While often translated as 'deadline' or 'due date,' it carries a more formal and precise nuance than the common word 締め切り (shimekiri). In the Japanese linguistic landscape, 期日 is the anchor of temporal planning in professional, legal, and administrative contexts. It represents not just a 'cutoff' but the 'appointed day' itself.

Legal Nuance
In court proceedings, this refers to the specific day a trial or hearing is held.
Business Context
Used for payment dates, contract expirations, and project milestones.
Etymology
Composed of 'period/time' (期) and 'day' (日), literally meaning 'the day of the period'.
支払いの期日を忘れないでください。(Please do not forget the payment due date.)

Understanding 期日 requires recognizing its rigidity. Unlike 'approximate dates,' a kijitsu is a hard boundary. In Japanese culture, where punctuality (守時 - shunjii) is a core virtue, missing a kijitsu can have significant social and professional consequences. It is the date that stands as a promise between two parties. When you hear this word, think of a calendar with a red circle around a specific number; it is the day the clock stops for that specific task.

裁判の期日が決定しました。(The date for the trial has been set.)

Furthermore, the word implies a sense of 'arrival.' The date 'arrives' (期日が来る) or 'approaches' (期日が迫る). This personification of time suggests that the date itself has agency in the workflow. In administrative Japanese, you will often see it paired with verbs like 'designate' (指定する) or 'strict adherence' (厳守する). It is the backbone of the Japanese 'Schedule Culture' (yotei bunka).

提出の期日を一日延ばしてもらった。(I had the submission deadline extended by one day.)
Common Collocation
期日を守る (To keep/observe the due date)
Common Collocation
期日に間に合う (To be in time for the due date)

Using 期日 (kijitsu) correctly involves understanding its grammatical placement and the specific verbs it attracts. As a noun, it functions as the subject or object of a sentence, often followed by particles like 'まで' (until), 'に' (on/at), or 'を' (direct object). The most common pattern is [Task] + の + 期日.

The 'Until' Pattern
期日までに (By the due date) - Used when an action must be finished before or on the day.
The 'Designation' Pattern
期日を定める (To fix/set a date) - Used by managers or authorities.
The 'Approaching' Pattern
期日が迫る (The date is drawing near) - Used to express urgency.

In a professional setting, you might say, 「期日を厳守してください」 (Please strictly adhere to the due date). This is more formal than saying 'shimekiri o mamotte'. The use of 'kijitsu' elevates the tone, suggesting that the date is part of a formal agreement or legal requirement. It is also used in the phrase 期日前投票 (kijitsuzen tōhyō), which means 'early voting' (literally: voting before the appointed day).

レポートの期日は来週の月曜日です。(The due date for the report is next Monday.)

When you need to ask for more time, you use the verb 延期する (enki suru) or 延ばす (nobasu). For example, 「期日を延ばしていただけませんか？」 (Could you please extend the due date?). This is a vital phrase for students and office workers alike. Conversely, if you finish early, you might say you finished 期日より前に (before the due date).

In legal contexts, 期日 is often paired with 'summoning' or 'appearance.' A 'court date' is specifically called 公判期日 (kōpan kijitsu). This demonstrates the word's weight; it is not just a suggestion, but a command of the calendar. Even in casual business talk, using 'kijitsu' shows a level of respect for the process and the other person's time that 'shimekiri' might lack.

You will encounter 期日 (kijitsu) in various formal and semi-formal environments across Japan. Its presence is a signal that the situation involves responsibility and time-sensitivity. Here are the primary locations where this word is part of the daily vocabulary:

  • The Office: During project planning meetings, managers will define the 期日 for deliverables. You will see it in emails: "期日が近づいております" (The due date is approaching).
  • Banks and Financial Institutions: Loan repayments, credit card bills, and contract expirations are always referred to as 期日.
  • Government Offices (Kuyakusho): When filing taxes or renewing visas, the staff will emphasize the 期日 for submission.
  • The News: During election cycles, you will constantly hear about 期日前投票 (early voting) on NHK or in newspapers.
  • Legal Settings: Any interaction with the law, from traffic tickets to lawsuits, revolves around specific 期日.
選挙の期日が公示された。(The date of the election was officially announced.)

In Japanese dramas, especially those centered on lawyers (like '99.9 Criminal Lawyer') or corporate life (like 'Hanzawa Naoki'), the word 期日 is often shouted or whispered with great tension. It represents the 'point of no return.' If a character misses a 期日, it usually triggers a major plot point or a crisis. This reflects the real-world Japanese emphasis on reliability.

Even in schools, while 'shimekiri' is common for homework, the 'entrance exam date' or 'graduation date' might be referred to as 期日 in official documents. It carries the weight of the institution. When you hear this word, your brain should immediately switch to 'professional mode' and check your calendar.

Learners of Japanese often confuse 期日 (kijitsu) with several similar-sounding or similar-meaning words. The most common error is mixing it up with 期限 (kigen). While they are related, they are not interchangeable in all contexts.

期日 vs. 期限 (Kigen)
期日 is a specific point in time (e.g., May 5th). 期限 is the period or time limit (e.g., 'within 3 days'). You 'set' a kijitsu, but you 'expire' a kigen (shōmi-kigen - expiration date).
期日 vs. 締め切り (Shimekiri)
締め切り is casual and focuses on the 'closing' of a window. 期日 is formal and focuses on the 'appointed day'. Don't use 'kijitsu' for a casual lunch meetup.
期日 vs. 期間 (Kikan)
期間 refers to the duration (e.g., 'for two weeks'). Learners often say 'kijitsu' when they mean the length of time.

Another mistake is using the wrong verb. Learners often say 期日を終わる (to end the due date), which is incorrect. You should say 期日が過ぎる (the due date passes) or 期日を迎える (to reach the due date). Using 'owaru' makes it sound like the day itself finished its job, rather than the deadline passing.

Finally, watch out for the kanji. 期日 is sometimes confused with 先日 (senjitsu), which means 'the other day' (past). Mixing these up can cause massive confusion—one refers to the future deadline, the other to the past! Always double-check the first kanji: 期 (period) vs 先 (previous).

To truly master 期日 (kijitsu), you must understand its neighbors in the 'time-related' vocabulary family. Japanese has a high degree of specificity for different types of deadlines.

締め切り (Shimekiri)
The most common word for 'deadline'. Used for applications, homework, and articles. It literally means 'closing and binding'.
納期 (Nōki)
Specifically used for the delivery of goods or products. If you order something online, the 'nōki' is when it will arrive.
期限 (Kigen)
A time limit or expiration. Used for food (shōmi-kigen) or the validity of a passport.
日限 (Nichigen)
A more literary or technical term for a fixed day or term. Rarely used in conversation.
この商品の納期は二週間後です。(The delivery date for this product is in two weeks.)

While 期日 is the 'appointed day,' タイムリミット (taimu rimitto) is used when there is a countdown feel, like in a bomb movie or a high-stakes game. 最終日 (saishūbi) simply means 'the last day' of an event (like a festival or a sale), which might be the 期日 for a specific task, but refers more to the event's conclusion.

In summary, 期日 sits at the top of the formality scale. It is the 'official' word. If you are writing a contract or a formal business email, 期日 is your best choice to sound professional and serious about your commitments.

How Formal Is It?

Nível de dificuldade

Gramática essencial

~までに (by/before)

~にする (to decide on)

~がする (to feel/have a sense of - e.g., kijitsu ga semaru)

~より前に (before ~)

~すぎる (to exceed/pass)

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Exemplos por nível

1

期日は明日です。

The due date is tomorrow.

Simple A is B structure.

2

期日を知っていますか？

Do you know the due date?

Question form with 'know'.

3

支払いの期日はいつですか？

When is the payment due date?

Possessive 'no' linking payment and date.

4

期日は5月10日です。

The due date is May 10th.

Specific date format.

5

期日を守ってください。

Please keep the due date.

Polite imperative 'kudasai'.

6

これが期日のリストです。

This is the list of due dates.

Demonstrative 'kore'.

7

期日はもうすぐです。

The due date is very soon.

Adverb 'mōsugu'.

8

期日に遅れないでください。

Please do not be late for the due date.

Negative polite imperative.

1

期日までに書類を出してください。

Please submit the documents by the due date.

Particle 'made ni' (by/no later than).

2

レポートの期日が決まりました。

The due date for the report has been decided.

Intransitive verb 'kimaru'.

3

期日を忘れてしまいました。

I accidentally forgot the due date.

Te-shimau form indicating regret.

4

期日を確認しましょう。

Let's confirm the due date.

Volitional 'mashō'.

5

期日が変更になりました。

The due date has been changed.

Formal 'ni narimashita' for changes.

6

期日に間に合いますか？

Will you be in time for the due date?

Verb 'maniau' (to be in time).

7

期日をカレンダーに書きました。

I wrote the due date on the calendar.

Particle 'ni' for location of action.

8

期日はまだ先です。

The due date is still a long way off.

Noun 'saki' meaning future/ahead.

1

期日を一日延ばしてもらえませんか？

Could you please extend the due date by one day?

Requesting a favor with 'te-moraemasen ka'.

2

期日が迫っているので、急いでください。

The due date is approaching, so please hurry.

Reasoning with 'node'.

3

彼は期日を厳守する人だ。

He is a person who strictly adheres to due dates.

Noun modification with a verb phrase.

4

期日前投票に行ってきました。

I went to do early voting.

Compound noun 'kijitsuzen-tōhyō'.

5

期日を過ぎると、手数料がかかります。

If the due date passes, a fee will be charged.

Conditional 'to' for natural consequences.

6

プロジェクトの期日を再設定した。

We reset the project's due date.

Prefix 'sai-' (re-).

7

期日に遅れる場合は、連絡してください。

If you are going to be late for the due date, please contact us.

Conditional 'baai' (in the case of).

8

期日を守ることは社会人の基本です。

Keeping due dates is a basic requirement for a working adult.

Nominalizing a verb with 'koto'.

1

期日の指定は裁判所が行います。

The court designates the date.

Formal subject marker 'wa' with 'okonau'.

2

契約の期日が満了しました。

The contract date has expired/matured.

Formal verb 'manryō suru'.

3

期日を遵守しないと、信頼を失います。

If you don't comply with the due date, you will lose trust.

Formal synonym for 'mamoru': 'junshu'.

4

期日に間に合わせるために、残業した。

I worked overtime to make it in time for the due date.

Causative form 'maniawaseru' (to make it in time).

5

期日が重なってしまい、対応が難しい。

The due dates overlap, making it difficult to handle.

Verb 'kasanaru' (to overlap).

6

期日を一方的に変更することはできません。

You cannot change the due date unilaterally.

Adverb 'ippōteki ni' (unilaterally).

7

期日通りの納品をお願いします。

Please deliver according to the due date.

Suffix '-dōri' (according to).

8

期日の延期を申請した。

I applied for an extension of the due date.

Noun 'shinsei' (application).

1

次回の口頭弁論期日が指定された。

The date for the next oral argument was designated.

Legal terminology 'kōtō benron'.

2

期日の徒過により、権利が消滅した。

Due to the passage of the due date, the right was extinguished.

Legal term 'toka' (passage of time).

3

債務の履行期日が到来した。

The date for the performance of the obligation has arrived.

Formal term 'rikō' (performance/fulfillment).

4

期日の変更を申し立てる。

To file a motion to change the date.

Legal verb 'mōshitateru'.

5

期日管理の徹底が求められている。

Thorough management of due dates is required.

Noun 'tettei' (thoroughness).

6

期日の猶予を求める。

To seek a grace period for the due date.

Noun 'yūyo' (grace period/postponement).

7

不変期日とは、法律で定められた動かせない期日のことだ。

An 'immutable date' is an unchangeable date set by law.

Definition structure '...to wa ... no koto da'.

8

期日の呼出し状を受け取った。

I received a summons for the appointed date.

Compound noun 'yobidashijō'.

1

当該期日の指定は、裁判長の職権に属する。

The designation of the said date falls under the authority of the presiding judge.

Legal phrase 'shokken ni zokusuru'.

2

期日の変更は、顕著な事由がある場合に限られる。

Changes to the date are limited to cases where there are remarkable reasons.

Formal restriction 'ni kagirareru'.

3

履行期日の定めのない債務については、請求を受けた時が期日となる。

For obligations without a fixed performance date, the time of request becomes the due date.

Complex legal conditional structure.

4

期日の公示は、官報によって行われる。

The public notice of the date is carried out via the official gazette.

Passive voice with 'ni yotte'.

5

訴訟手続における期日の重要性は、いくら強調してもしすぎることはない。

The importance of dates in litigation proceedings cannot be overemphasized.

Double negative '...shisugiru koto wa nai'.

6

期日の懈怠は、重大な不利益を招く恐れがある。

Neglect of the appointed date may lead to serious disadvantages.

Archaic/Legal term 'keitai' (neglect/default).

7

期日の併合により、審理の効率化を図る。

By consolidating the dates, we aim to improve the efficiency of the trial.

Noun 'heigō' (consolidation/merger).

8

期日の遡及適用は、原則として認められない。

Retroactive application of a date is, in principle, not permitted.

Legal term 'sokyū tekiyō'.

Colocações comuns

期日を守る
期日に遅れる
期日を定める
期日を延ばす
期日が迫る
期日を指定する
期日を過ぎる
期日に間に合う
期日を確認する
期日を厳守する

Frases Comuns

期日までに
期日前投票
支払期日
提出期日
裁判期日
履行期日
有効期日
指定期日
最終期日
期日通り

Frequentemente confundido com

期日 vs 期限

期日 vs 先日

期日 vs 期末

Expressões idiomáticas

"期日を争う (To race against time/deadline)"
"期日に追われる (To be pressed by deadlines)"
"期日を稼ぐ (To buy time/delay the deadline)"
"期日を棒に振る (To waste the deadline/miss the chance)"
"期日が身に迫る (The deadline is breathing down one's neck)"
"期日を待たずして (Without waiting for the due date)"
"期日の目処が立つ (The deadline is in sight)"
"期日に穴をあける (To fail to meet the deadline)"
"期日を盾に取る (To use the deadline as an excuse/shield)"
"期日に縛られる (To be bound by a deadline)"

Fácil de confundir

期日 vs

期日 vs

期日 vs

期日 vs

期日 vs

Padrões de frases

Família de palavras

Relacionado

期間 (kikan - period)
期待 (kitai - expectation)
時期 (jiki - season/time)
日常 (nichijō - daily)
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Como usar

nuance

Formal and rigid.

antonym usage

Rarely has a direct antonym other than 'unlimited'.

Erros comuns
  • Using 'kijitsu' for a casual meeting.
  • Confusing 'kijitsu' with 'kigen' (expiration).
  • Saying 'kijitsu o owaru' instead of 'sugiru'.
  • Writing the kanji for 'senjitsu' (先日) by mistake.
  • Using 'kijitsu' to mean a duration of time.

Dicas

Calendar Check

Always check your 'kijitsu' on Monday mornings.

Formal Style

Use 'kijitsu' in emails to clients to sound professional.

Voting

Try saying 'kijitsuzen-tōhyō' when discussing politics.

Particles

Remember 'made ni' means 'by', not 'until'.

Synonyms

Learn 'shimekiri' and 'kijitsu' as a pair.

Negotiation

Ask 'Kijitsu o nobasu koto wa kanō desu ka?'

News

Listen for 'kijitsu' in financial news reports.

Radicals

Notice the 'moon' radical in 期 (period).

Mnemonic

Kijitsu = Key-Jitsu (Key Truth/Day).

Trust

Meeting a 'kijitsu' builds 'shinrai' (trust).

Memorize

Mnemônico

Imagine a 'Key' (Ki) that unlocks a 'Jitsu' (Day). You need that key to finish your work on time!

Origem da palavra

Sino-Japanese (Kango). 'Ki' (期) originally referred to a full cycle of the moon or a year, later meaning a set period. 'Jitsu' (日) means sun or day.

Contexto cultural

The Japanese court system is very strict about 'kijitsu' for filing documents.

Always confirm the 'kijitsu' at the end of a meeting to show reliability.

Pratique na vida real

Contextos reais

Iniciadores de conversa

"レポートの期日はいつですか？"

"期日までに間に合いそうですか？"

"期日前投票にはもう行きましたか？"

"支払いの期日を忘れたことはありますか？"

"期日を延ばしてもらったことがありますか？"

Temas para diário

今日、期日が迫っていることはありますか？

期日を守るために、どのような工夫をしていますか？

期日を過ぎてしまった時の失敗談を書いてください。

日本の期日前投票制度についてどう思いますか？

仕事で一番大切な期日は何ですか？

Perguntas frequentes

10 perguntas

No, that's too formal. Use 'yakusoku' or 'yotei'.

In casual talk, yes. In a contract, use 'kijitsu'.

It is early voting before the official election day.

You can say 'kijitsu ni okureru' or 'kijitsu o sugiru'.

'Nōki' is specifically for delivery of goods.

Yes, it is the standard term for court dates.

Usually it refers to a whole day, but can imply a specific time on that day.

Yes, 期 (period).

Yes, every adult in Japan knows and uses it.

No, use 'tanjōbi'.

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