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C1 verb 11 min de leitura

incumbir

Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas incumbir em 30 segundos
Explicação incumbir in your Level:
This level is too low for 'incumbir'. Learners at A1 are focused on basic greetings, introductions, and very simple questions and answers about immediate needs and personal information. Vocabulary typically includes common objects, family members, colors, numbers, and basic verbs like 'ser', 'estar', 'ter', 'ir'. The grammatical structures are elementary, such as present tense, simple adjectives, and basic sentence order. 'Incumbir' involves abstract concepts of duty and responsibility, and complex verb conjugations and sentence structures that are far beyond the scope of A1 proficiency. At this stage, learners are building foundational vocabulary and grammar, and words like 'incumbir' are not relevant to their communication needs.
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Learners at the A2 level are expanding their vocabulary to include topics like daily routines, shopping, local geography, and employment. They can understand and use sentences and frequently used expressions related to immediate needs. While they can form simple sentences and understand basic grammar, the abstract nature and formal register of 'incumbir' make it inappropriate for this level. A2 learners are still grappling with fundamental verb conjugations and sentence structures. Words like 'incumbir' belong to a higher register and involve nuanced meanings of duty and obligation that are not yet accessible or necessary for A2 communication. Their focus remains on practical, everyday language.
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At the B1 level, learners can understand the main points of clear standard input on familiar matters regularly encountered in work, school, leisure, etc. They can produce simple connected text on topics which are familiar or of personal interest. They can describe experiences and events, dreams, hopes & ambitions and briefly give reasons and explanations for opinions and plans. While B1 learners are developing a more robust vocabulary and understanding of grammar, 'incumbir' is still generally considered too advanced. Its formal register and the abstract concept of duty it conveys are typically beyond the scope of B1 communication. Learners at this level might encounter it in reading materials but would likely struggle to use it actively and correctly in their own speaking or writing. They are more likely to use simpler phrases like 'ter que' or 'ser responsável por'.
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B2 learners can understand the main ideas of complex text on both concrete and abstract topics, including technical discussions in their field of specialization. They can interact with a degree of fluency and spontaneity that makes regular interaction with native speakers quite possible without strain for either party. They can produce clear, detailed text on a wide range of subjects and explain a viewpoint on a topical issue giving the advantages and disadvantages of various options. 'Incumbir' begins to be accessible at this level, especially in written contexts or formal discussions. Learners might encounter it in news articles, official documents, or formal speeches. They might be able to understand its meaning and perhaps even use it in controlled writing exercises, particularly the reflexive form 'incumbir-se de' or the passive 'ser incumbido de'. However, mastering its nuanced uses, correct prepositional phrases, and appropriate register still presents a challenge.
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Learners at the C1 level possess a high degree of fluency and accuracy. They can understand a wide range of demanding, longer texts, and recognize implicit meaning. They can express themselves fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions. They can use language flexibly and effectively for social, academic and professional purposes. They can produce clear, well-structured, detailed text on complex subjects, showing controlled use of organizational patterns, connectors and cohesive devices. 'Incumbir' is a word that C1 learners are expected to understand and be able to use correctly. It fits perfectly into their repertoire of formal vocabulary and complex grammatical structures. They can differentiate its various uses (transitive, reflexive, impersonal), employ the correct prepositions, and apply it appropriately in academic, professional, and formal contexts, demonstrating a sophisticated command of the language.
C2 learners have a mastery of the language, functioning almost like highly educated native speakers. They can understand with ease virtually everything heard or read. They can summarize information from different spoken and written sources, reconstructing arguments and accounts in a coherent presentation. They can express themselves spontaneously, very fluently and precisely, differentiating finer shades of meaning even in more complex situations. 'Incumbir' is a word that C2 learners would not only understand but would use with exceptional precision and stylistic flair. They would be adept at employing its various grammatical forms and registers, perhaps even using it in literary contexts or for subtle rhetorical effect, distinguishing it from near-synonyms with effortless accuracy.
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Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas

incumbir em 30 segundos

  • Assigning tasks and responsibilities formally.
  • Expressing what someone's duty is.
  • Taking on a responsibility oneself.
  • Formal and official contexts are key.
Core Meaning
The verb 'incumbir' in Portuguese, particularly at the C1 CEFR level, carries a significant weight of responsibility and duty. It signifies that something is a person's obligation, task, or charge. It implies a formal assignment or a natural consequence of a position or role. This word is often used in contexts where authority, law, or established procedures dictate actions.
Formal Assignments
When someone is 'incumbido' of a task, it means they have been formally given that responsibility. This could be in a professional setting, a legal context, or even within an organization. The implication is that they are expected to carry out this duty diligently. For example, a project manager might be 'incumbido' of overseeing a new development, or a committee might be 'incumbida' of reviewing proposals. The verb emphasizes the official nature of the assignment.
Inherent Duties
Beyond formal assignments, 'incumbir' can also refer to duties that are inherent to a particular role or situation. For instance, it is often said that it 'incumbe' to parents to care for their children, or it 'incumbe' to citizens to obey the law. This usage highlights a moral or societal obligation that arises naturally from one's circumstances. It's about what is expected or required, not necessarily by a specific order, but by the nature of things.
Legal and Official Contexts
In legal documents, official reports, and governmental communications, 'incumbir' is frequently encountered. It is used to define the responsibilities of various entities, such as government agencies, judicial bodies, or public officials. For example, a law might state that a certain ministry is 'incumbida' of implementing environmental policies, or a court ruling might specify the duties that 'incumbem' to a guardian. The precision of 'incumbir' makes it suitable for such formal and unambiguous language.
Impersonal Usage
Often, 'incumbir' is used impersonally, particularly with the preposition 'a' or 'de'. For instance, 'Incumbe a mim' means 'It is my duty' or 'It falls to me'. This impersonal construction emphasizes the responsibility itself rather than the person performing it, lending a more objective tone. It suggests that the task is a matter of fact or obligation, regardless of who undertakes it.
Connotation of Seriousness
The word 'incumbir' generally carries a sense of seriousness and importance. It's not typically used for trivial tasks or casual favors. The weight of the responsibility implied by 'incumbir' makes it a strong choice when conveying significant duties or obligations. It suggests that the task is not optional and requires dedicated effort and attention.

A lei determina que o novo diretor seja incumbido da reestruturação do departamento.

Direct Object and Preposition 'de'
The most common structure involves using 'incumbir' with a direct object (the person or entity being entrusted) and the preposition 'de' followed by the infinitive verb or noun phrase describing the task. This structure clearly indicates who is responsible for what. For example, 'O gerente foi incumbido de preparar o relatório trimestral.' (The manager was entrusted with preparing the quarterly report.) Here, 'o gerente' is the direct object, and 'de preparar o relatório trimestral' specifies the duty.
Impersonal Construction with 'a'
Another frequent usage is the impersonal construction, often translated as 'it is incumbent upon' or 'it is the duty of'. This typically uses the verb in the third person singular ('incumbe') followed by the preposition 'a' and then the person or entity to whom the duty falls. For instance, 'Incumbe aos cidadãos respeitar as leis.' (It is incumbent upon citizens to respect the laws.) This emphasizes the obligation itself.
Reflexive Usage ('incumbir-se de')
The reflexive form, 'incumbir-se de', is also very common. It means 'to take upon oneself', 'to assume responsibility for', or 'to see to it'. This implies a voluntary acceptance or undertaking of a duty. For example, 'Ele se incumbiu de organizar o evento.' (He took it upon himself to organize the event.) This highlights the agent's proactive role in taking on the task.
Passive Voice
The passive voice of 'incumbir' is frequently used to highlight the recipient of the task. 'Ser incumbido de' is the standard passive construction. For example, 'A equipe foi incumbida de investigar a causa do problema.' (The team was entrusted with investigating the cause of the problem.) This construction is very common in formal and official reporting.
Synonymous Expressions
While 'incumbir' is specific, it can sometimes be replaced by phrases like 'ter a responsabilidade de' (to have the responsibility of), 'caber a' (to fall to), or 'ser responsável por' (to be responsible for). However, 'incumbir' often carries a more formal or official tone, suggesting a delegation of authority or a more profound obligation.

É meu dever, incumbe-me, encontrar uma solução para esta crise.

Official Announcements and Legal Documents
You will most frequently encounter 'incumbir' in formal settings. Think about government pronouncements, legal texts, official company reports, and academic papers. For instance, a new law might be introduced, and the legislation would specify which ministry or agency is 'incumbida' of its implementation. Court documents might detail the duties that 'incumbem' to a guardian or executor. This is where the word's precision and formality are most valued.
Business and Corporate Environments
In the corporate world, particularly in higher-level discussions or official communications, 'incumbir' is used to define roles and responsibilities. A CEO might announce that a specific department head has been 'incumbido' of a critical project, or a board resolution might state the duties that 'incumbem' to the company's legal counsel. It signals a formal delegation of authority and a clear assignment of accountability.
Academic and Research Settings
In academic discourse, especially when discussing organizational structures, ethical obligations, or historical roles, 'incumbir' finds its place. A historian might write about the responsibilities that 'incumbiam' to the ruling class in a past era, or a political scientist might analyze the duties that 'incumbem' to a democratic government. It's a word that lends gravitas to the subject matter.
Formal Speeches and Presentations
During formal speeches, such as graduation ceremonies, award presentations, or policy addresses, speakers might use 'incumbir' to emphasize the importance of certain roles or the duties associated with them. For example, a commencement speaker might say, 'It 'incumbe' to each of you to use your education for the betterment of society.' This elevates the message and underscores the weight of the responsibility being discussed.
News Reporting on Official Matters
When news outlets report on government actions, legal proceedings, or official investigations, they often use 'incumbir' to describe the assigned tasks or inherent responsibilities. You might read headlines like 'Government 'incumbida' to investigate corruption' or 'Court ruling clarifies duties that 'incumbem' to the administrator.' This reflects the formal language used in the source material.

A Constituição Federal incumbe ao Presidente da República a chefia do Poder Executivo.

Incorrect Preposition Usage
A very common error is using the wrong preposition after 'incumbir'. While 'de' is typically used to introduce the task or duty when 'incumbir' is used transitively (e.g., 'incumbir alguém de algo'), and 'a' is used in impersonal constructions ('incumbe a alguém'), learners might mistakenly use other prepositions or omit them entirely. For example, saying 'incumbir a tarefa para' instead of 'incumbir a tarefa de'. This leads to grammatically incorrect and awkward sentences.
Confusing Reflexive and Non-Reflexive Forms
The distinction between 'incumbir' and 'incumbir-se de' can be tricky. 'Incumbir' implies entrusting someone else with a task, whereas 'incumbir-se de' means to take on a task oneself. Learners might use the non-reflexive form when they mean to express personal initiative, or vice-versa. For example, saying 'Eu incumbi o projeto' when they mean 'Eu me incumbi do projeto' (I took on the project).
Misinterpreting the Impersonal Construction
The impersonal 'incumbe a alguém' structure requires careful attention. Learners might struggle with the correct verb conjugation or the placement of the pronoun. For instance, they might say 'O dever incumbe-me' instead of the correct 'Incumbe-me o dever' or 'Incumbe a mim o dever'. The impersonal construction highlights the duty as a subject, which can be counter-intuitive for speakers of languages with different grammatical structures.
Overuse in Informal Contexts
'Incumbir' is a formal word. A common mistake for learners who are learning its meaning is to try and use it in casual conversations where a simpler verb like 'fazer' (to do), 'organizar' (to organize), or 'ter que' (to have to) would be more appropriate. This can make their speech sound overly stiff or unnatural.
Incorrect Verb Conjugation
Like any verb, 'incumbir' has various conjugations depending on tense, mood, and person. Learners might struggle with irregular conjugations, especially in past tenses or the subjunctive mood. For example, using 'incumbiu' when 'incumbiu-se' is needed, or misconjugating it in a complex sentence structure.

Errado: Ele incumbiu a tarefa para mim. Correto: Ele incumbiu-me da tarefa. / Ele foi incumbido da tarefa.

'Responsabilizar' (to make responsible, to hold responsible)
While 'incumbir' is about assigning a duty, 'responsabilizar' focuses more on accountability and the consequences of actions. You might 'incumbir' someone of a task (assign it), but you 'responsabilizar' them if they fail to complete it properly. 'Incumbir' is about delegation; 'responsabilizar' is about culpability or oversight. For example, 'O chefe incumbiu o funcionário de entregar o relatório.' (The boss assigned the employee to deliver the report.) vs. 'O chefe responsabilizou o funcionário pelo atraso.' (The boss held the employee responsible for the delay.)
'Delegar' (to delegate)
'Delegar' is a very close synonym for 'incumbir' in the sense of assigning tasks, especially in a professional or hierarchical context. Both imply passing a task to someone else. However, 'delegar' might be slightly less formal and often emphasizes the transfer of authority or power to perform the task. 'Incumbir' can sometimes carry a stronger sense of inherent duty or obligation. 'O diretor delegou a tarefa ao seu assistente.' (The director delegated the task to his assistant.) This is very similar to 'O diretor incumbiu o seu assistente da tarefa.'
'Atribuir' (to attribute, to assign)
'Atribuir' can mean to assign a task or a role, similar to 'incumbir'. However, 'atribuir' can also mean to attribute a cause, a quality, or credit. When used for tasks, it often implies assigning a specific piece of work or a role. 'Incumbir' generally suggests a more substantial or ongoing responsibility. For example, 'Atribuíram-lhe a responsabilidade de organizar o evento.' (They assigned him the responsibility of organizing the event.) is close to 'Incumbiram-no da responsabilidade de organizar o evento.'
'Caber a' (to fall to, to be up to)
The phrase 'caber a' is very similar to the impersonal construction of 'incumbir'. It means that a duty or a task naturally falls to someone. 'Incumbir' can often be replaced by 'caber a' in these impersonal contexts. 'Incumbe a mim resolver este problema.' (It is my duty to solve this problem.) can be rephrased as 'Cabe a mim resolver este problema.' Both convey that the responsibility rests with the speaker.
'Ter o dever de' (to have the duty to)
This phrase directly translates to 'to have the duty to' and is a straightforward way to express an obligation. While 'incumbir' is more formal and often used for assigned or inherent responsibilities, 'ter o dever de' is a more general statement of obligation. 'Tenho o dever de ajudar os necessitados.' (I have the duty to help those in need.) This is similar in meaning to an impersonal 'Incumbe-me ajudar os necessitados'.

'Incumbir' é mais formal que 'delegar' ou 'atribuir' quando se trata de designar tarefas.

How Formal Is It?

Curiosidade

The Latin root 'cumbere' is related to the English word 'cucumber' (literally 'cow-gourd', but the 'cumber' part relates to lying down or resting) and 'recumbent' (lying down). So, 'incumbere' literally meant 'to lie down upon' something, which evolved into the sense of taking on a duty.

Guia de pronúncia

UK /ɪŋˈkʌmbɪŋ/
US /ɪŋˈkʌmbɪŋ/
The primary stress falls on the second syllable: in-CUM-bing.
Rima com
plumbing numbing slumbing benumbing out-plumbing under-plumbing un-numbing re-plumbing
Erros comuns
  • Misplacing stress: Placing stress on the first syllable ('IN-cum-bing') or the last syllable ('in-cum-BING').
  • Incorrect vowel sound for 'u': Pronouncing the 'u' as a long 'oo' sound (like in 'room') instead of the short 'uh' sound (like in 'cup').
  • Pronouncing the 'g' in 'ing' as a hard 'g': The final 'ng' should be a velar nasal sound, not followed by a hard 'g'.

Nível de dificuldade

Leitura 4/5

At C1 level, learners can understand complex texts. 'Incumbir' will appear in formal written materials like legal documents, news, and academic papers. Recognizing its meaning and grammatical function is expected, though its nuanced uses might still require attention.

Escrita 4/5

C1 learners are expected to produce detailed and well-structured text. Using 'incumbir' correctly, with appropriate prepositions and in formal contexts, demonstrates a good command of the language. Mastering its various forms and registers is key.

Expressão oral 3/5

While 'incumbir' is more common in writing, C1 speakers can use it in formal discussions or presentations. Spontaneous use in everyday conversation is less likely, but understanding and using it when the context demands formality is achievable.

Audição 3/5

In formal speeches, news broadcasts, or official announcements, C1 learners should be able to comprehend 'incumbir'. Its pronunciation and context will usually make its meaning clear.

O que aprender depois

Pré-requisitos

dever responsabilidade tarefa obrigação atribuir delegar

Aprenda a seguir

legislação mandato decreto protocolo jurisdição

Avançado

omissão negligência procedimento arbitragem concessão

Gramática essencial

Verb Conjugation of 'Incumbir'

Present Tense: eu incumbO, tu incumbES, ele/ela incumbE, nós incumbIMOS, vós incumbIS, eles/elas incumbEM. Past Participle: incumbido/a/os/as.

Use of Prepositions with 'Incumbir'

'Incumbir alguém DE algo' (Entrust someone WITH something) - O chefe incumbiu o funcionário de preparar o relatório. 'Incumbir a alguém' (It falls to someone) - Incumbe a mim resolver isso.

Reflexive Verb 'Incumbir-se de'

Eu me incumbI de, tu te incumbISTE de, ele/ela se incumbIU de. Ele se incumbiu de organizar a festa.

Passive Voice 'Ser + Past Participle'

O projeto foi incumbido à equipe. (The project was assigned to the team.) A tarefa foi incumbida a ele.

Impersonal Constructions

Incumbe aos pais cuidar dos filhos. (It is incumbent upon parents to care for their children.) Incumbe-lhe a responsabilidade de zelar pela segurança.

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Exemplos por nível

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1

O novo gerente foi incumbido de liderar a equipe de marketing.

The new manager was entrusted with leading the marketing team.

'Incumbido' is the past participle used in the passive voice, agreeing in gender and number with 'gerente' (masculine singular).

2

Incumbe a nós garantir que todos os alunos compreendam a matéria.

It is up to us to ensure that all students understand the subject matter.

Impersonal construction. 'Incumbe' (third person singular) is followed by 'a nós' (to us), indicating who has the duty.

3

Ela se incumbiu de organizar a festa de aniversário surpresa.

She took it upon herself to organize the surprise birthday party.

Reflexive form 'incumbiu-se de'. 'Se' refers back to 'ela', and 'de' introduces the task.

4

A responsabilidade de investigar o incidente foi incumbida à polícia.

The responsibility for investigating the incident was assigned to the police.

Passive voice 'foi incumbida'. The task 'a responsabilidade' is the subject, and 'à polícia' is the recipient of the duty.

5

É incumbência do conselho administrativo tomar decisões estratégicas.

It is the duty of the administrative council to make strategic decisions.

'Incumbência' is the noun form, meaning duty or responsibility. 'Incumbir' is the verb form.

6

O professor incumbiu os alunos de pesquisar sobre a história do Brasil.

The professor assigned the students to research the history of Brazil.

'Incumbiu' (past tense) is followed by the direct object 'os alunos' and the task introduced by 'de'.

7

O juiz incumbiu o advogado de apresentar as provas finais.

The judge tasked the lawyer with presenting the final evidence.

Formal assignment of a specific task in a legal context.

8

O líder comunitário se incumbiu de mediar o conflito entre os vizinhos.

The community leader undertook to mediate the conflict between the neighbors.

Reflexive usage indicating the leader voluntarily took on the role of mediator.

1

Ao comitê recém-formado incumbe a tarefa crucial de elaborar o novo plano diretor.

The newly formed committee is tasked with the crucial job of drafting the new master plan.

Formal impersonal construction. 'Incumbe' is followed by the task, and the recipient ('comitê') is placed at the beginning for emphasis.

2

O ministério foi incumbido de coordenar os esforços de resgate após o desastre natural.

The ministry was tasked with coordinating the rescue efforts following the natural disaster.

Passive voice. Highlights the official assignment of a significant responsibility.

3

Ele se incumbiu pessoalmente de supervisionar cada detalhe da construção.

He personally took charge of overseeing every detail of the construction.

Reflexive usage emphasizing personal involvement and assumption of responsibility.

4

A legislação vigente incumbe aos pais a responsabilidade primordial pela educação dos filhos.

Current legislation places the primary responsibility for children's education upon parents.

Impersonal construction highlighting a legal and moral obligation.

5

A diretoria incumbiu o departamento jurídico de revisar todos os contratos.

The board entrusted the legal department with reviewing all contracts.

Formal delegation of a specific task within a corporate structure.

6

Incumbiu à nova geração a difícil missão de reverter os danos ambientais.

It fell to the new generation the difficult mission of reversing environmental damage.

Impersonal construction emphasizing a significant societal duty inherited by a generation.

7

O embaixador foi incumbido de negociar os termos do acordo de paz.

The ambassador was tasked with negotiating the terms of the peace agreement.

Assignment of a high-stakes diplomatic responsibility.

8

Cada cidadão se incumbe de contribuir para o bem-estar social.

Each citizen takes upon themselves the responsibility of contributing to social well-being.

Reflexive usage implying a personal commitment to a societal duty.

1

A magnitude do desafio incumbiu-lhe uma perseverança que transcendia o ordinário.

The magnitude of the challenge imposed upon him a perseverance that transcended the ordinary.

Elevated usage, implying the duty was imposed by the situation itself, demanding extraordinary effort.

2

Incumbia à Academia de Letras o dever de zelar pela pureza e evolução da língua portuguesa.

It was the duty of the Academy of Letters to safeguard the purity and evolution of the Portuguese language.

Formal and historical context, highlighting a long-standing, almost inherent, responsibility.

3

O artista se incumbiu da tarefa hercúlea de dar forma a uma visão que poucos compreendiam.

The artist undertook the Herculean task of giving form to a vision that few understood.

Reflexive usage, emphasizing the artist's voluntary and arduous commitment to a challenging creative endeavor.

4

A própria natureza da sua vocação o incumbiu de ser um farol de esperança em tempos sombrios.

The very nature of his calling charged him with being a beacon of hope in dark times.

Impersonal construction, suggesting the duty is intrinsic to the person's calling or purpose.

5

O legado de seus antecessores incumbiu-lhe a obrigação de honrar a tradição familiar.

The legacy of his predecessors burdened him with the obligation to honor the family tradition.

Formal, often implying a weighty or inherited responsibility.

6

O arquiteto se incumbiu de conceber um espaço que dialogasse harmoniosamente com o entorno histórico.

The architect took on the task of designing a space that would dialogue harmoniously with the historical surroundings.

Reflexive usage, highlighting a professional's dedication to a complex and sensitive design challenge.

7

Incumbia ao filósofo a árdua tarefa de questionar os fundamentos da realidade.

It was the philosopher's arduous task to question the foundations of reality.

Impersonal construction, defining the core intellectual duty of a philosopher.

8

A gravidade da situação incumbiu a todos uma responsabilidade coletiva sem precedentes.

The gravity of the situation imposed upon everyone an unprecedented collective responsibility.

Formal usage, emphasizing a profound and shared obligation arising from a critical event.

Colocações comuns

incumbir de uma tarefa
incumbir a responsabilidade
incumbir a alguém
incumbir-se de
ser incumbido de
incumbir o dever
incumbir a função
incumbir a missão
incumbir o papel
incumbir a obrigação

Frases Comuns

Incumbe a mim

— It is my duty; it falls to me.

Incumbe a mim garantir que a informação seja correta.

Incumbe a nós

— It is our duty; it falls to us.

Incumbe a nós proteger o meio ambiente para as futuras gerações.

Incumbe a ele/ela

— It is his/her duty; it falls to him/her.

Incumbe a ela a organização do evento anual.

Incumbe a eles/elas

— It is their duty; it falls to them.

Incumbe a eles a responsabilidade de manter a ordem.

Incumbe a todos

— It is everyone's duty; it falls to everyone.

Incumbe a todos nós lutarmos por um mundo mais justo.

Incumbir-se de uma tarefa

— To take on a task; to see to a task.

O voluntário se incumbiu de distribuir os alimentos.

Ser incumbido de uma missão

— To be assigned a mission.

O soldado foi incumbido de uma missão secreta.

Incumbir alguém de algo

— To entrust someone with something.

O chefe incumbiu a secretária de organizar a agenda.

A quem incumbe?

— Who is responsible? Whose duty is it?

A quem incumbe a manutenção deste equipamento?

Não me incumbe

— It is not my responsibility; it is not my duty.

Não me incumbe julgar as ações dos outros.

Frequentemente confundido com

incumbir vs Atribuir

'Atribuir' can mean to assign a task, similar to 'incumbir', but it also has broader meanings like attributing credit or blame, which 'incumbir' does not. 'Incumbir' often implies a more formal or inherent duty.

incumbir vs Delegar

'Delegar' is very close to 'incumbir' in assigning tasks, especially in a hierarchical setting. 'Incumbir' can sometimes carry a stronger sense of official obligation or inherent duty compared to the more general transfer of tasks in 'delegar'.

incumbir vs Caber a

The phrase 'caber a' is a common synonym for the impersonal construction of 'incumbir' (e.g., 'incumbe a mim' vs. 'cabe a mim'). However, 'incumbir' can also be used transitively (to entrust someone directly), which 'caber a' does not do.

Expressões idiomáticas

"Incumbir-se de um fardo"

— To take on a heavy responsibility or burden, often willingly.

Ele se incumbiu do fardo de cuidar de toda a família após a perda do pai.

Formal
"O dever incumbe"

— A formal way of saying 'it is one's duty' or 'duty calls'.

Perante a crise, o dever incumbe a todos os cidadãos de agir com responsabilidade.

Formal
"Incumbir a sorte"

— To leave one's fate or outcome to chance or a higher power; to resign oneself to destiny.

Após tentar tudo, ele decidiu incumbir a sorte do seu futuro.

Literary/Formal
"Incumbir o peso da decisão"

— To bear the weight or burden of making a difficult decision.

Como líder, ela teve que incumbir o peso da decisão final sobre o projeto.

Formal
"Incumbir a responsabilidade moral"

— To be morally obligated to do something.

Após o acidente, sentiu que lhe incumbiu a responsabilidade moral de ajudar as vítimas.

Formal
"Incumbir a tarefa ingrata"

— To be assigned an unpleasant or difficult task.

Foi a ele que incumbiram a tarefa ingrata de demitir funcionários.

Formal
"Incumbir a si a glória"

— To take credit or glory for oneself, often implying a sense of entitlement or self-importance.

Ele tentou incumbir a si a glória pelo sucesso da equipe, ignorando o esforço dos outros.

Formal/Critical
"Incumbir o papel de mediador"

— To take on the role of a mediator or peacemaker.

O diplomata se incumbiu do papel de mediador para resolver a disputa.

Formal
"Incumbir a tarefa árdua"

— To be assigned a difficult or arduous task.

A expedição incumbiu-se da tarefa árdua de escalar a montanha.

Formal
"Incumbir o dever cívico"

— To fulfill one's civic duty.

O cidadão consciente cumpre o seu dever cívico de votar.

Formal

Fácil de confundir

incumbir vs incumbir

Its formal nature and multiple grammatical constructions (transitive, reflexive, impersonal) can be confusing.

When used transitively ('incumbir alguém de algo'), it means to assign a task. When used reflexively ('incumbir-se de algo'), it means to take on a task. In impersonal constructions ('incumbe a alguém'), it means it is someone's duty. The key is the context and the prepositions used.

O diretor incumbiu o funcionário de preparar o relatório. (transitive) / O funcionário se incumbiu de preparar o relatório. (reflexive) / Incumbe ao diretor preparar o relatório. (impersonal)

incumbir vs responsabilizar

Both verbs relate to duties and tasks, but their focus is different.

'Incumbir' is about assigning or taking on a task/duty. 'Responsabilizar' is about accountability and holding someone answerable, often for the consequences of not fulfilling a duty. You might be 'incumbido' of a task, and then 'responsabilizado' if you fail.

O chefe incumbiu o estagiário de organizar os documentos. (assigning the task) / O chefe responsabilizou o estagiário pelos erros nos documentos. (making him accountable for mistakes)

incumbir vs delegar

Both verbs are used for assigning tasks, especially in professional settings.

'Delegar' is generally about transferring authority or a specific task, often in a hierarchical context. 'Incumbir' can imply a more fundamental duty or an official charge, and it also has the impersonal and reflexive uses that 'delegar' lacks. 'Incumbir' can feel more official or weighty.

O gerente delegou a apresentação ao seu assistente. (transferring the task) / O diretor incumbiu o assistente de preparar a apresentação. (assigning the task with a sense of official charge)

incumbir vs atribuir

Both can mean to assign something.

'Atribuir' has a broader meaning, including attributing characteristics, causes, or credit. When used for tasks, it's similar to 'incumbir', but 'incumbir' often carries a stronger sense of duty or formal charge, especially in legal or official contexts. 'Atribuir' can be more about assigning a role or a specific piece of work.

Atribuíram-lhe a tarefa de coletar os dados. (assigned the task) / Incumbiram-no da tarefa de coletar os dados. (entrusted him with the task, implying a duty)

incumbir vs caber a

The impersonal construction of 'incumbir' is very similar to 'caber a'.

'Incumbir' can be used transitively (incumbir alguém de algo) and reflexively (incumbir-se de algo), while 'caber a' is primarily used impersonally ('caber a alguém'). Both express duty or responsibility, but 'incumbir' is generally more formal and can imply a stronger sense of official assignment.

Incumbe a mim resolver o problema. (It is my duty/responsibility) / Cabe a mim resolver o problema. (It falls to me/It's up to me)

Padrões de frases

B2

Subject (person/entity) + ser incumbido + de + infinitive/noun

O chefe de departamento foi incumbido de revisar o orçamento anual.

B2

Incumbe + a + indirect object (person/entity) + infinitive/noun

Incumbe aos pais garantir a educação dos filhos.

B2

Subject (person) + incumbir-se + de + infinitive/noun

Ela se incumbiu de organizar o evento beneficente.

C1

Subject (task/responsibility) + ser incumbido + a + indirect object (person/entity)

A tarefa de liderar a equipe foi incumbida ao novo gerente.

C1

Subject (entity/law) + incumbir + direct object (person) + de + infinitive/noun

A Constituição incumbe ao Presidente da República a chefia do Poder Executivo.

C1

Incumbir + direct object (person) + de + infinitive/noun

O juiz incumbiu o advogado de apresentar as provas.

C2

Incumbir + indirect object (person) + de + infinitive/noun (formal/literary)

A gravidade da situação incumbiu-lhe uma profunda reflexão.

C2

Incumbe + a + indirect object (person) + a responsabilidade/obrigação/tarefa de + infinitive/noun

Incumbe a todos nós a responsabilidade de preservar o patrimônio histórico.

Família de palavras

Substantivos

incumbência

Verbos

incumbir
incumbir-se

Relacionado

responsabilidade
dever
obrigação
tarefa
encargo
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Como usar

frequency

Medium-High in formal written Portuguese, lower in spoken language.

Erros comuns
  • Using 'incumbir' in casual conversation. → Use simpler verbs like 'ter que', 'fazer', 'pedir para'.

    'Incumbir' is a formal verb. Using it in informal settings can sound unnatural or overly stiff. For example, instead of 'Incumbiram-me de comprar pão', say 'Pediram-me para comprar pão' or 'Tenho que comprar pão'.

  • Incorrect preposition usage: 'incumbir a alguém de algo' instead of 'incumbir alguém de algo' or 'incumbir a alguém'. → Use 'incumbir alguém de algo' or the impersonal 'incumbe a alguém'.

    The transitive structure is 'incumbir [direct object] de [task]'. The impersonal structure is 'incumbe a [indirect object] [task]'. Mixing these or using incorrect prepositions is a common error.

  • Confusing 'incumbir' with 'incumbir-se de'. → Use 'incumbir' to assign a task to someone else; use 'incumbir-se de' to take on a task yourself.

    'Incumbir' implies entrusting another person. 'Incumbir-se de' means to undertake the task personally. Forgetting the reflexive pronoun 'se' changes the meaning entirely.

  • Incorrect agreement in passive voice. → Ensure the past participle 'incumbido/a/os/as' agrees with the subject.

    In passive constructions like 'ser incumbido', the past participle must match the gender and number of the subject. For example, 'A tarefa foi incumbidA' (feminine singular), 'Os funcionários foram incumbidOS' (masculine plural).

  • Misinterpreting the impersonal construction 'incumbe a alguém'. → Understand that 'incumbe' is the verb, and the person is the indirect object introduced by 'a'.

    Learners may struggle with the structure where the duty itself is implied as the subject, and the person is the indirect object. Saying 'O dever me incumbe' is less common than 'Incumbe-me o dever' or 'Incumbe a mim o dever'.

Dicas

Master the Prepositions

The correct use of prepositions 'de' and 'a' is crucial with 'incumbir'. Remember 'incumbir alguém DE algo' (to entrust someone WITH something) and 'incumbe A alguém' (it falls TO someone). Paying attention to these will significantly improve your accuracy.

Formal is Key

'Incumbir' is a formal verb. Reserve its use for official documents, professional settings, academic writing, or formal speeches. In casual conversations, opt for simpler verbs like 'ter que', 'fazer', or 'cuidar de'.

Distinguish Active, Passive, and Reflexive

Understand the difference: 'Incumbir' (active) assigns a task. 'Ser incumbido' (passive) means being assigned a task. 'Incumbir-se de' (reflexive) means taking on a task yourself. Each conveys a different nuance.

Connect to 'Cumbersome'

Think of 'incumbir' as being given a 'cumbersome' or heavy duty. This association can help you remember its meaning of being tasked with something significant or pressing.

Spot it in Official Texts

When you encounter 'incumbir' in reading, pay attention to the context. It's most likely to appear in legal texts, government decrees, company reports, or formal academic articles, defining specific roles and responsibilities.

Know Your Alternatives

While 'incumbir' is specific, knowing synonyms like 'delegar', 'atribuir', and 'caber a' (impersonal) helps you understand nuances and choose the most appropriate word for different levels of formality and specific meanings.

Stress the Middle Syllable

Remember that the stress in 'incumbir' falls on the second syllable: in-CUM-bir. Practicing the pronunciation will help you recognize it when listening and use it more confidently when speaking.

Practice Verb Forms

Mastering the conjugations of 'incumbir' in different tenses and moods, as well as its past participle ('incumbido/a'), is essential for using it correctly in sentences, especially in passive and reflexive constructions.

Use in Writing Exercises

Actively try to incorporate 'incumbir' into your Portuguese writing practice. Write sentences describing official duties, personal commitments, or assigned tasks to solidify your understanding and usage.

Understand the Cultural Weight

Recognize that 'incumbir' often carries a cultural weight related to duty, honor, and societal roles. Its usage reflects a respect for structure and commitment that is valued in formal Portuguese-speaking contexts.

Memorize

Mnemônico

Imagine a heavy 'ink-cube' being placed on your shoulders. This 'ink-cube' represents a big duty or task that you must 'incumbir'. The 'ink' might stain your shoulders, showing the persistent nature of the responsibility.

Associação visual

Picture a person with a very serious expression, wearing a formal suit, standing under a large, official-looking document that is being lowered onto their shoulders by ropes. The document symbolizes the task or duty being 'incumbed' upon them.

Word Web

Duty Responsibility Task Obligation Entrust Assign Charge Formal

Desafio

Try to use 'incumbir' in three different sentences today: one using the passive voice ('ser incumbido de'), one using the reflexive form ('incumbir-se de'), and one using an impersonal construction ('incumbe a alguém').

Origem da palavra

The Portuguese verb 'incumbir' originates from the Latin verb 'incumbere', which means 'to lie upon', 'to press upon', 'to apply oneself to', or 'to devote oneself to'. It is formed from the prefix 'in-' (upon, on) and 'cumbere' (to lie down, to fall).

Significado original: The core idea in Latin was one of something pressing down or being placed upon someone, leading to the sense of obligation or duty. It also carried the meaning of applying oneself diligently to a task.

Indo-European > Italic > Latin > Romance > Portuguese

Contexto cultural

The word 'incumbir' itself is neutral, but the context in which it is used can carry significant weight. Assigning a difficult or unpleasant task ('incumbir a tarefa ingrata') requires sensitivity. Similarly, discussing inherent duties like parental responsibility needs to be done with respect for the individuals involved.

In English, similar concepts are conveyed by phrases like 'to be entrusted with', 'to be assigned', 'it is incumbent upon someone', 'to take on the responsibility for', or 'to be charged with'. The direct verb 'incumb' exists but is very formal and less common than its Portuguese counterpart.

The concept of 'fado' in Portuguese culture, often associated with destiny and inescapable duties, can indirectly relate to the weight of responsibilities that 'incumbem' upon individuals. In historical Portuguese literature, characters often grapple with inherited duties and societal expectations, where the concept of 'incumbir' would be a natural fit for describing their burdens and roles. The formal structure of Portuguese law and government administration heavily relies on language that defines clear responsibilities, making 'incumbir' a staple in such documentation.

Pratique na vida real

Contextos reais

Legal and Governmental Administration

  • Incumbe ao ministério...
  • A lei incumbe...
  • Ser incumbido de investigar...
  • O dever que incumbe aos cidadãos...

Business and Corporate Management

  • O diretor incumbiu o gerente...
  • Incumbiu-se da gestão...
  • Ser incumbido de liderar...
  • A responsabilidade que incumbe ao conselho...

Academic and Research

  • Incumbia aos estudiosos...
  • O pesquisador incumbiu-se de...
  • Ser incumbido de analisar...
  • A tarefa que incumbe à academia...

Formal Speeches and Presentations

  • Incumbe a cada um de nós...
  • É incumbência de todos...
  • Fui incumbido de...
  • Incumbiu-lhe a honra de...

Ethical and Societal Discussions

  • Incumbe moralmente...
  • A responsabilidade que incumbe à sociedade...
  • Incumbiu-se de ajudar...
  • O dever que incumbe aos pais...

Iniciadores de conversa

"What official responsibilities have you been entrusted with recently?"

"Can you think of a time when a difficult duty fell upon you?"

"How do you feel about taking on new responsibilities?"

"What are some duties you believe are essential for citizens in a democracy?"

"When have you seen someone willingly take on a challenging task?"

Temas para diário

Describe a situation where you were assigned a significant responsibility. How did you feel, and how did you approach it?

Reflect on a time when you felt a strong sense of duty towards something or someone. What was that duty, and how did you fulfill it?

Imagine you are a leader. What kind of tasks would you delegate, and what responsibilities would you keep for yourself?

Write about a societal issue where you believe a specific group or individual has a clear responsibility to act. What is that responsibility?

Consider a personal goal that requires significant effort. How can you 'incumbir-se' of this goal to ensure its success?

Perguntas frequentes

10 perguntas

'Incumbir' is a formal verb used to express that a task or responsibility is officially assigned or is an inherent duty. It often implies a higher degree of formality and importance. 'Ter que' (to have to) is a much more general and common way to express obligation or necessity, suitable for everyday situations. For example, 'Tenho que ir ao supermercado' (I have to go to the supermarket) is casual, while 'Incumbe ao chefe de departamento garantir o cumprimento das metas' (It is the department head's duty to ensure the achievement of the goals) is formal and specific.

Generally, no. 'Incumbir' is a formal verb. For everyday tasks, you would use verbs like 'fazer' (to do), 'organizar' (to organize), 'pedir para' (to ask to), or 'encarregado de' (in charge of). For instance, instead of saying 'Incumbiram-me de comprar pão' (I was tasked with buying bread), you would more naturally say 'Pediram-me para comprar pão' or 'Fui encarregado de comprar pão'.

'Incumbir' (transitive) means to assign a task or responsibility to someone else. For example, 'O professor incumbiu o aluno de fazer a pesquisa.' (The professor assigned the student to do the research.) 'Incumbir-se de' (reflexive) means to take on a task or responsibility oneself, to undertake it. For example, 'O aluno incumbiu-se de fazer a pesquisa.' (The student took it upon himself to do the research.)

The past tense depends on the structure. If it's passive voice, you use 'ser' + past participle: 'Ele foi incumbido de...' (He was tasked with...). If it's active voice, you conjugate 'incumbir': 'O diretor incumbiu o funcionário...' (The director tasked the employee...). If it's reflexive, 'incumbir-se': 'Ela se incumbiu de...' (She took it upon herself...).

While 'incumbir' is understood and used in Brazilian Portuguese, it is generally considered more formal and less common in everyday speech compared to European Portuguese. In Brazil, phrases like 'caber a', 'ser responsável por', or 'ter a tarefa de' are often preferred in many contexts where 'incumbir' might be used in Portugal.

'Incumbe a todos' is an impersonal construction meaning 'It is incumbent upon everyone' or 'It is the duty of everyone'. It is used to express a collective responsibility or obligation that applies to all members of a group or society. For example, 'Incumbe a todos nós cuidar do planeta.' (It is incumbent upon all of us to take care of the planet.)

Yes, it is very common. For example, 'A lei incumbe aos cidadãos o dever de pagar impostos.' (The law assigns citizens the duty to pay taxes.) or 'Incumbiu-lhe a responsabilidade de gerir o projeto.' (The responsibility for managing the project was assigned to him.)

The primary noun form is 'incumbência', which means duty, charge, or responsibility. For example, 'Ele aceitou a incumbência com seriedade.' (He accepted the charge with seriousness.)

You can use the impersonal construction: 'Incumbe a [person] [task/infinitive verb]'. For example, 'Incumbe ao chefe de segurança supervisionar a entrada.' (It is the security chief's job to supervise entry.)

While the word itself is neutral, it can be used in negative contexts when describing unpleasant or difficult duties that are assigned. For example, 'Foi a ele que incumbiram a tarefa ingrata de demitir os funcionários.' (It was him they assigned the ungracious task of firing the employees.) The negativity comes from the nature of the task, not the verb itself.

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