A1 Perguntas 6 min read Fácil

Fazendo perguntas básicas: Quem, O quê, Onde (Кто, Что, Где)

Use Kto, Chto, and Gde at the start of sentences without a verb to ask basic questions.
Marcar como aprendido
Pratique

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use 'Kto' for people, 'Chto' for things, and 'Gde' for places to start asking questions in Russian.

  • Kto (Кто) asks about people: Кто это? (Who is this?)
  • Chto (Что) asks about objects/actions: Что это? (What is this?)
  • Gde (Где) asks about location: Где ты? (Where are you?)
Question Word + Verb + Subject/Object?

Overview

Já se perguntou por que não consegue encontrar um verbo como «é» ou está ao fazer perguntas em russo? Você está rolando o Instagram, vê uma foto legal de uma pessoa misteriosa em Moscou e quer perguntar Quem é este?. Em russo, você simplesmente diz Kto eto?.
Sem enrolação, sem verbos extras, direto ao ponto. As palavras interrogativas russas são seu primeiro superpoder real no idioma.
As palavras interrogativas russas são a base de todas as conversas que você terá. Quer esteja tentando encontrar o Starbucks mais próximo, identificando um novo amigo num chat em grupo ou perguntando o que é aquela sopa estranha numa cantina local, você precisa destas três palavras: Kto, Chto e Gde.

How This Grammar Works

Em português dizemos Quem é aquele? ou
Onde é a estação?
. Em russo, o «é» é invisível. Para fazer uma pergunta, geralmente você coloca a palavra interrogativa no início da frase.
  1. 1Identifique seu alvo: É uma pessoa? Use Kto. É uma coisa? Use Chto. É um lugar? Use Gde.
  2. 2Adicione o sujeito: Esta é a pessoa ou coisa sobre a qual você está perguntando.
  3. 3A entonação é tudo: Em russo, você nem sempre muda a ordem das palavras. Sua voz precisa subir na palavra interrogativa.

Formation Pattern

1
Criar estas perguntas segue uma fórmula muito simples:
2
O padrão 'Quem': Kto + [Substantivo/Pronome]?
3
O padrão 'O que': Chto + [Substantivo/Pronome]?
4
O padrão 'Onde': Gde + [Substantivo/Pronome]?

When To Use It

Você usará estas palavras em quase todas as interações sociais.
  • Redes Sociais: Você vê uma tag numa foto: Kto eto?.
  • Apps de Entrega: Você está esperando sua comida: Gde moya pica?.
  • Compras: Você vê um gadget estranho: Chto eto?.

Common Mistakes

A maior armadilha para falantes de português é tentar traduzir a palavra «é».
  • Erro: Kto iz eto?.
  • Correção: Apenas diga Kto eto?.
Outro erro clássico é a pronúncia de Chto. Evite o som de Tch. Deve soar como Shto.

Contrast With Similar Patterns

À medida que progredir, verá estas palavras mudarem suas terminações (casos). No nível A1, você só precisa do Nominativo.

Quick FAQ

P: Preciso mudar o Kto se estiver perguntando sobre uma garota?

R: Não! Neste nível, Kto é universal.

P: Por que Chto soa como 'Shto'?

R: É apenas como a língua evoluiu, é mais fácil de falar.

3. Basic Interrogative Usage

Russian Transliteration Meaning Usage
Кто
Kto
Who
People
Что
Chto
What
Things
Где
Gde
Where
Location

Meanings

These are the fundamental interrogative words used to request information about identity, objects, and location.

1

Identity

Asking for the identity of a person or living being.

“Кто это?”

“Кто твой друг?”

2

Object/Action

Asking for the identity of an object or an activity.

“Что это?”

“Что ты делаешь?”

3

Location

Asking for the physical position of someone or something.

“Где мой телефон?”

“Где Москва?”

Reference Table

Reference table for Fazendo perguntas básicas: Quem, O quê, Onde (Кто, Что, Где)
Question Word English Translation Pronunciation Hint Used For...
`Кто`
Who
Ktoh
People and pets
`Что`
What
Shto
Objects and concepts
`Где`
Where
Gdeh
Locations and positions

Espectro de formalidade

Formal
Кто там?

Кто там? (At the door)

Neutro
Кто там?

Кто там? (At the door)

Informal
Кто там?

Кто там? (At the door)

Gíria
Кто там?

Кто там? (At the door)

The Big Three Russian Questions

Question Words

People

  • Кто Who

Objects

  • Что What

Location

  • Где Where

Who vs. What in Russian

Animate (Кто)
Друг Friend
Кошка Cat
Inanimate (Что)
Кофе Coffee
Книга Book

Choosing the Right Question Word

1

Are you asking about a person?

YES
Use Кто
NO
Go to next step
2

Are you asking about a place?

YES
Use Где
NO ↓

Common Scenarios

☕

At the Café

  • • Что это?
  • • Где меню?
  • • Кто официант?
📱

On Social Media

  • • Кто это?
  • • Что это за тренд?
  • • Где ты?
Cadastre-se grátis para ler a explicação completa

Exemplos por nível

1

Кто это?

Who is this?

2

Что это?

What is this?

3

Где ты?

Where are you?

4

Где Москва?

Where is Moscow?

1

Что ты делаешь?

What are you doing?

2

Кто твой друг?

Who is your friend?

3

Где находится банк?

Where is the bank located?

4

Что ты хочешь?

What do you want?

1

Кого ты видел?

Whom did you see?

2

Чего ты хочешь от меня?

What do you want from me?

3

Где бы ты хотел жить?

Where would you like to live?

4

Кто из них прав?

Which of them is right?

1

Не знаю, кто это сделал.

I don't know who did this.

2

Что бы ни случилось, я буду там.

Whatever happens, I will be there.

3

Где бы я ни был, я помню о доме.

Wherever I am, I remember home.

4

Кто бы мог подумать?

Who would have thought?

1

Кто из нас не ошибался?

Who among us hasn't made a mistake?

2

Что ни день, то новые новости.

Every day brings new news.

3

Где уж нам до них.

We are nowhere near their level.

4

Кто есть кто в этой истории?

Who is who in this story?

1

Что за человек этот Иван?

What kind of person is this Ivan?

2

Где-где, а в Петербурге красиво.

If anywhere, it's beautiful in St. Petersburg.

3

Кто-кто, а он точно знает.

He, if anyone, definitely knows.

4

Что к чему, я не пойму.

I don't understand what's what.

Fácil de confundir

Asking Basic Questions: Who, What, Where (Кто, Что, Где) vs Gde vs Kuda

Learners use Gde for movement.

Asking Basic Questions: Who, What, Where (Кто, Что, Где) vs Kto vs Chto

Using Kto for animals or objects.

Asking Basic Questions: Who, What, Where (Кто, Что, Где) vs Chto vs Kak

Using Chto for 'how'.

Erros comuns

✗

Кто это? (for a chair)

✓

Что это?

Kto is for people only.
✗

Gde is pronounced 'G-dee'

✓

Gde (G-deh)

The 'e' is not an 'ee' sound.
✗

Chto is pronounced 'Ch-to'

✓

Shto

The 'ch' is a historical spelling.
✗

Kto is plural

✓

Kto is singular

Kto always takes singular verbs.
✗

Gde ты идешь?

✓

Куда ты идешь?

Gde is for static location, Kuda for movement.
✗

Что ты хочешь?

✓

Чего ты хочешь?

Some verbs require genitive.
✗

Кто ты видел?

✓

Кого ты видел?

Direct object requires accusative.
✗

Где ты был?

✓

Где ты был?

Actually correct, but watch for case agreement.
✗

Что он сказал?

✓

Что он сказал?

Correct, but ensure verb gender matches.
✗

Кто это сделал?

✓

Кто это сделал?

Correct, but watch for past tense gender.
✗

Что за...

✓

Что за...

Ensure correct usage of 'za'.
✗

Где-где

✓

Где-где

Ensure correct intonation.
✗

Кто-кто

✓

Кто-кто

Ensure correct intonation.

Padrões de frases

Кто ___?

Что ___?

Где ___?

Кто ___ в ___?

Real World Usage

Texting constant

Ты где?

Ordering food very common

Что это?

Job interview common

Кто вы?

Travel common

Где метро?

Social media very common

Кто это?

Classroom common

Что значит это слово?

Cadastre-se grátis para ver todos os exemplos
💡

The Silent 'Is'

Never look for the word 'is' in Russian present tense questions. It doesn't exist! Just put the question word and the noun together.
⚠️

Pronunciation Alert

Don't say 'Ch-to'. It sounds very foreign. Always pronounce 'Что' as 'Shto'.
🎯

The 'Eto' Hack

If you don't know the noun, just use 'Eto' (this). 'Kto eto?' or 'Chto eto?' will cover 90% of your beginner needs.

Smart Tips

Always use 'Chto'.

Кто это? (book) → Что это? (book)

Use 'Kuda' instead of 'Gde'.

Где ты идешь? → Куда ты идешь?

Use 'Kto'.

Что это? (person) → Кто это? (person)

Keep it simple.

Где ты делаешь? → Что ты делаешь?

Pronúncia

/ʂto/

Chto

Pronounced as 'Shto'.

/gdʲe/

Gde

The 'd' is soft before 'e'.

Rising

Кто? ↑

Questioning tone

Memorize

Mnemônico

Kto is for the 'K'rew (people), Chto is for 'C'hings, Gde is for 'G'eography (places).

Associação visual

Imagine a person (Kto) holding a box (Chto) while standing on a map (Gde).

Rhyme

Kto is who, Chto is what, Gde is where, give it a shot!

Story

I asked 'Kto' is at the door. He was holding 'Chto' (a gift). I asked him 'Gde' he bought it.

Word Web

КтоЧтоГдеКогоЧегоКуда

Desafio

Write 3 questions about your room using these words.

Notas culturais

Asking 'Who is this?' is very direct. Use 'Izvinite' (excuse me) first.

These words are Proto-Slavic in origin.

Iniciadores de conversa

“

Кто твой любимый актер?

“

Что ты любишь есть?

“

Где ты живешь?

“

Кто сегодня придет?

Temas para diário

Write about who is in your family.
Write about what you have in your bag.
Write about where you want to travel.
Write about what you did yesterday.

Erros comuns

Incorrect

Correto

Incorrect

Correto

Incorrect

Correto

Incorrect

Correto

Sign up free to see all tips

Test Yourself

Fill in the blank with the correct question word.

___ это? (Asking about a person)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Кто
Use 'Кто' (Who) when asking about people.
Which sentence is correct for asking 'Where is the hotel?' Múltipla escolha

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Где отель?
'Где' is the correct word for location ('Where').
Find the mistake in this sentence asking about a sandwich. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Кто это сэндвич?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Что это сэндвич?
A sandwich is an object, so you must use 'Что' (What), not 'Кто' (Who).

Score: /3

Exercicios praticos

8 exercises
Fill in the blank.

___ это? (Who is this?)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Кто
Kto is for people.
Choose the correct word. Múltipla escolha

___ ты? (Where are you?)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Где
Gde is for location.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Кто это? (pointing at a book)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Что это?
Chto is for objects.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

ты / Где / ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Где ты?
Standard order.
Match the word to the meaning. Match Pairs

Match Kto, Chto, Gde.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Who, What, Where
Correct definitions.
Choose the correct word. Múltipla escolha

___ ты делаешь?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Что
What are you doing?
Fill in the blank.

___ ты идешь?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Куда
Kuda is for movement.
Build a question. Sentence Building

Use Kto.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Кто там?
Natural order.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
Fill in the blank. Preencher as lacunas

___ мой телефон?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Где
Translate 'What is this?' into Russian. Tradução

What is this?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Что это?
Put the words in the correct order to ask 'Who is there?' Sentence Reorder

там / Кто / ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Кто там?
Match the Russian word with its English meaning. Match Pairs

Match the words:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Кто:Who, Что:What, Где:Where
How do you ask 'Where is the WiFi?' Múltipla escolha

Choose the best option:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Где вай-фай?
Correct the question: 'Shto eto?' (written correctly) Error Correction

Што это?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Что это?
Fill in the blank. Preencher as lacunas

___ твой папа?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Кто
Translate 'Where are you?' (informal). Tradução

Where are you?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Где ты?
Which question word matches a pizza? Múltipla escolha

___ это? (It's a pizza)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Что
Ask 'Where is the museum?' Sentence Reorder

музей / Где / ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Где музей?

Score: /10

Perguntas frequentes (8)

It's a historical spelling that stuck.

Usually no, use Chto or 'Kakaya sobaka'.

Yes, static location.

People will understand, but it sounds unnatural.

Yes, like Kak, Pochemu, Kogda.

Yes, in different cases.

Yes, for emphasis.

Ask questions about everything you see.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

Cadastre-se grátis para praticar

In Other Languages

Spanish high

Quién/Qué/Dónde

Spanish has accents.

French high

Qui/Quoi/Où

French requires more complex sentence structure.

German high

Wer/Was/Wo

German has more complex case endings.

Japanese moderate

Dare/Nani/Doko

Japanese question words stay in place.

Arabic moderate

Man/Ma/Ayna

Arabic is written right-to-left.

Chinese low

Shéi/Shénme/Nǎlǐ

Chinese is non-inflected.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Next
Dizendo 'Não' em Russo (не)

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