Esta página no seu idioma

English

فارسی

العربية

Deutsch

Español

Français

日本語

한국어

中文

हिन्दी

A2 noun #3,000 mais comum 4 min de leitura

图书

tushu Top 3,000

Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas 图书 em 30 segundos

Explicação 图书 in your Level:

At the A1 level, learners usually encounter '书' (shū) first. '图书' is introduced primarily through the word '图书馆' (túshūguǎn - library). At this stage, you just need to know that '图书' refers to books in a formal way. You might see it on signs or in simple sentences about where books are kept. It is rarely used in spoken A1 Chinese, but recognizing it in '图书馆' is essential for basic survival Chinese.

Cadastre-se grátis para ler a explicação completa

At the A2 level, you begin to see '图书' in more varied contexts, such as school environments or community centers. You learn that it's a collective noun. You might hear '这里有很多图书' (There are many books here) in a classroom setting. You should start distinguishing between the 'book' you read (书) and 'books' as a resource (图书). This level focuses on using '图书' in compound words like '图书卡' (library card).

At the B1 level, you use '图书' to discuss topics like education, hobbies, and public services. You will learn to use it with more specific measure words like '册' (cè). You might describe a '图书展' (book fair) you visited or discuss the importance of '图书捐赠' (book donation). You are expected to understand that '图书' is more formal than '书' and use it appropriately in written assignments about school or culture.

Cadastre-se grátis para ler a explicação completa

At the B2 level, '图书' appears in more complex discussions about the '图书市场' (book market), '电子图书' (e-books), and '图书出版' (book publishing). You will encounter it in news articles and formal reports. You should be able to discuss the impact of digital media on the '图书行业' (book industry). The word becomes a tool for discussing socio-economic and cultural trends rather than just physical objects.

Cadastre-se grátis para ler a explicação completa

At the C1 level, '图书' is used in academic and professional contexts. You might study '图书情报学' (Library and Information Science) or discuss '图书分类法' (book classification systems). You will use '图书' to analyze the preservation of '古籍图书' (ancient books) and its role in cultural heritage. The nuance between '图书', '书籍', and '文献' becomes critical for precise expression in essays and presentations.

Cadastre-se grátis para ler a explicação completa

At the C2 level, '图书' is a fundamental term in high-level discourse regarding the philosophy of information, the history of the written word, and global publishing standards. You might engage in debates about '图书审查' (book censorship) or the '图书定价制度' (book pricing systems). At this level, you use the word with total precision, understanding its historical roots and its contemporary legal and administrative implications in the Chinese-speaking world.

Cadastre-se grátis para ler a explicação completa

Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas

图书 em 30 segundos

A formal word for books.
Used in 'library' (túshūguǎn).
Refers to books as a collection.
Common in news and business.

The term 图书 (túshū) is a formal and collective noun in Chinese that translates to 'books' or 'publications.' While the simple character 书 (shū) is used in everyday conversation to refer to a single book you are reading or buying, 图书 is used when referring to books as a category, a collection, or an industry. It is most commonly encountered in professional, administrative, and academic settings. For instance, you will see it in the word for library (图书馆), book fair (图书展), or publishing house (图书出版).

Formal Context: Used in news, business, and education to describe the collective world of literature and printed materials.
Etymology: Composed of '图' (tú - map/picture) and '书' (shū - book/writing), reflecting ancient times when collections consisted of both texts and maps.

Historically, '图书' referred specifically to maps and registers of land, but over centuries, it evolved into the standard term for a library's contents. In modern China, if you are discussing the 'book market' or 'book classification,' 图书 is the mandatory choice over the more casual 书.

这家图书馆有超过十万册图书。(This library has over 100,000 volumes of books.)

Using 图书 correctly requires understanding its role as a formal noun. It is rarely used with simple measure words like 本 (běn) in casual speech. Instead, it often pairs with measure words like 册 (cè) or 部 (bù), or functions as a modifier for other nouns. For example, '图书分类' (book classification) or '图书管理' (book management).

As a Subject: 图书是人类进步的阶梯。(Books are the ladder of human progress.)
As an Object: 学校正在采购一批新图书。(The school is purchasing a batch of new books.)

请爱护馆内图书，不要乱涂乱画。(Please take care of the books in the library; do not scribble on them.)

In the sentence above, '图书' is used because the context is a public institution (the library). If you were at home talking to a child, you would simply say '不要在书上乱画'. This distinction is key for learners moving from A2 to B1 levels.

You will encounter 图书 in several specific environments. First and foremost is the 图书馆 (túshūguǎn). Signs in libraries, announcements about borrowing limits, and digital catalogs all use this term. Secondly, in the retail world, large bookstores are often called 图书大厦 (túshū dàshà), implying a grander scale than a neighborhood 'shudian.'

欢迎来到北京图书大厦。(Welcome to the Beijing Book Mansion.)

Another common place is in the news. Reports on the '图书出版业' (book publishing industry) or '图书捐赠' (book donation) activities are frequent. When the government discusses literacy or education resources, they always refer to '图书资源' rather than just '书'.

The most frequent mistake for English speakers is overusing 图书 in casual contexts. In English, 'book' covers both formal and informal usage. In Chinese, using '图书' when you mean 'the book I'm reading right now' sounds unnatural and overly stiff.

Incorrect: *我想买这本图书。(Wǒ xiǎng mǎi zhè běn túshū.) - Too formal for a personal purchase.
Correct: 我想买这本书。(Wǒ xiǎng mǎi zhè běn shū.) - Natural and common.

Another mistake is using the wrong measure word. While 本 (běn) is acceptable, 册 (cè) is much more common when paired with '图书' in a professional context. Using '个' (ge) with '图书' is a major grammar error.

错误：三个图书。正确：三册图书。(Wrong: Three 'ge' books. Right: Three volumes of books.)

Understanding the synonyms of 图书 helps refine your vocabulary. The most direct alternative is 书籍 (shūjí), which is also a collective noun but sounds even more literary and slightly more abstract than '图书'.

书 (shū): The general, everyday word for a book. Use this 90% of the time in conversation.
书籍 (shūjí): Collective and literary. Often used when discussing the value of literature or 'all books'.
文献 (wénxiàn): Documents or literature. Usually refers to academic papers, historical records, or primary sources.

While '图书' focuses on the physical or digital volume as an item in a collection, '书籍' focuses more on the content and the concept of books as a medium of knowledge.

How Formal Is It?

Curiosidade

In ancient China, '图书' often referred to the 'He Tu' and 'Luo Shu,' mystical diagrams that were said to be the origin of Chinese culture.

Guia de pronúncia

UK /tʰu³⁵ ʂu⁵⁵/

US /tu³⁵ ʃu⁵⁵/

First syllable has a rising inflection, second is flat.

Rima com

地图 (dìtú) 读书 (dúshū) 秘书 (mìshū) 画图 (huàtú) 文书 (wénshū) 证书 (zhèngshū) 丛书 (cóngshū) 家书 (jiāshū)

Erros comuns

Pronouncing 'Tu' with a falling tone.
Confusing the 'sh' in 'Shu' with a soft 's'.

Nível de dificuldade

Leitura 2/5

The characters are common and relatively easy to recognize for A2 learners.

Escrita 3/5

'图' has many strokes and requires practice to write neatly.

Expressão oral 2/5

Pronunciation is straightforward but tones must be clear.

Audição 2/5

Easily recognized in common compounds like 'túshūguǎn'.

O que aprender depois

Pré-requisitos

书图大小有

Aprenda a seguir

图书馆借还分类出版

Avançado

文献典籍编纂馆藏

Gramática essencial

Measure words for books

一册图书 (yí cè túshū)

Existential sentences with Location + 有 + Object

图书馆里有很多图书。

Using 'ba' (把) to indicate disposal

请把图书放好。

Attributes modifying nouns with 'de' (的)

精美的图书。

Directional complements

他拿出一本图书。

Cadastre-se grátis para ler a explicação completa

Exemplos por nível

图书馆在那儿。

The library is over there.

Uses 图书 in the compound 图书馆 (library).

这里有图书。

There are books here.

Simple existential sentence with 图书.

我看图书。

I look at books.

Subject-Verb-Object.

图书很大。

The books are large.

Adjective predicate.

这是图书吗？

Is this a book?

Simple question with 吗.

我有三本图书。

I have three books.

Using measure word 本 (běn).

图书馆不远。

The library is not far.

Negative sentence with 不.

老师有图书。

The teacher has books.

Possessive sentence.

图书馆里有很多图书。

There are many books in the library.

Use of 里 (inside) and 很多 (many).

我想办一张图书卡。

I want to apply for a library card.

Compound word 图书卡 (library card).

这些图书很旧了。

These books are very old.

Use of 这些 (these) and 了 (change of state).

我们可以去图书室吗？

Can we go to the reading room?

Compound word 图书室 (reading room).

请把图书放回原位。

Please put the books back in their original place.

Ba-sentence (把).

这里的图书可以借吗？

Can the books here be borrowed?

Passive potential construction.

他每天在图书馆看图书。

He reads books in the library every day.

Time and location phrase placement.

学校买了新图书。

The school bought new books.

Completed action with 了.

这次图书展非常热闹。

This book fair is very crowded and lively.

Compound word 图书展 (book fair).

他专门收集这类图书。

He specializes in collecting this type of book.

Use of 专门 (specializing) and 这类 (this type).

我们需要对图书进行分类。

We need to classify the books.

Formal construction 对...进行 (carry out ... on).

这些图书是捐赠给山区孩子的。

These books are donated to children in the mountains.

Shi...de (是...的) construction for emphasis.

图书管理员正在整理书架。

The librarian is tidying the bookshelves.

Compound word 图书管理员 (librarian).

网上有很多电子图书。

There are many e-books online.

Compound word 电子图书 (e-book).

我们要爱护公共图书。

We should take care of public books.

Adjective modifier 公共 (public).

这本图书的内容很丰富。

The content of this book is very rich.

Abstract noun 内容 (content).

图书出版业面临着巨大的挑战。

The book publishing industry is facing huge challenges.

Compound word 图书出版业 (publishing industry).

图书馆的图书资源非常充足。

The library's book resources are very sufficient.

Abstract noun 资源 (resources).

他写的图书在全国范围内发行。

The books he wrote are distributed nationwide.

Passive/Distribution context.

我们要提高图书的利用率。

We need to improve the utilization rate of books.

Formal term 利用率 (utilization rate).

这些图书反映了当代的社会问题。

These books reflect contemporary social issues.

Verb 反映 (reflect).

图书的装订非常精美。

The binding of the books is very exquisite.

Specific noun 装订 (binding).

他在图书公司担任编辑。

He works as an editor in a book company.

Compound word 图书公司 (book company).

图书的分类号标注在书脊上。

The book's classification number is marked on the spine.

Technical term 分类号 (classification number).

图书情报学是一门综合性的学科。

Library and Information Science is a comprehensive discipline.

Academic term 图书情报学.

数字化转型对传统图书造成了冲击。

Digital transformation has had an impact on traditional books.

Formal construction 对...造成冲击.

该机构致力于珍稀图书的保护。

The organization is committed to the protection of rare books.

Formal verb 致力于 (committed to).

图书的目录索引做得非常详细。

The book's table of contents and index are very detailed.

Technical term 目录索引.

这些图书是研究历史的重要文献。

These books are important documents for studying history.

Nouns as predicates.

图书的版权保护越来越受到重视。

Formal term 版权保护 (copyright protection).

他深入研究了图书的演变史。

He conducted an in-depth study of the evolution of books.

Formal verb 深入研究.

图书的流通速度反映了文化活力。

The circulation speed of books reflects cultural vitality.

Abstract concept 流通速度 (circulation speed).

图书不仅是知识的载体，更是文化的传承。

Books are not only carriers of knowledge but also the inheritance of culture.

Sophisticated conjunction 不仅是...更是.

在信息爆炸的时代，图书的筛选显得尤为重要。

In the age of information explosion, the screening of books is particularly important.

Formal adverb 尤为 (particularly).

图书的社会价值不应仅以销量来衡量。

The social value of books should not be measured solely by sales volume.

Passive/Evaluative construction.

他探讨了图书在构建国民精神中的作用。

He explored the role of books in constructing the national spirit.

Abstract verb 探讨 (explore).

图书出版的多元化促进了思想的交流。

The diversification of book publishing has promoted the exchange of ideas.

Nominalization of complex concepts.

图书的编纂过程极其严谨。

The process of compiling books is extremely rigorous.

Formal noun 编纂 (compilation).

我们要警惕图书过度商业化带来的弊端。

We must be wary of the drawbacks brought by the over-commercialization of books.

Complex object with modifier.

图书作为人类智慧的结晶，具有永恒的魅力。

Books, as the crystallization of human wisdom, have eternal charm.

Metaphorical expression 智慧的结晶.

Colocações comuns

图书馆

图书卡

图书展

图书管理员

电子图书

图书出版

图书分类

图书捐赠

图书大厦

图书资源

Frases Comuns

图书情报

— Library and information science.

他在大学学图书情报。

图书目录

— Book catalog.

请查看图书目录。

图书室

— Small library or reading room.

我们学校有一个小图书室。

图书漂流

— Book crossing/sharing activity.

我参加了图书漂流活动。

图书市场

— The book market.

图书市场竞争激烈。

图书发行

— Book distribution.

这本书的图书发行量很大。

图书索引

— Book index.

通过图书索引找资料。

图书借阅

— Borrowing books.

图书借阅规则。

图书零售

— Book retail.

图书零售店。

图书编纂

— Compiling books.

图书编纂工作。

Frequentemente confundido com

图书 vs 书

'Shū' is for general use; 'Túshū' is for collections or formal contexts.

图书 vs 书籍

'Shūjí' is more abstract and collective than 'Túshū'.

图书 vs 本子

'Běnzi' refers to notebooks, not reading books.

Expressões idiomáticas

"博览群书"

— To have read a vast number of books; well-read.

他博览群书，知识渊博。

Literary

"书中自有黄金屋"

— Books contain houses of gold (reading leads to wealth).

古人云：书中自有黄金屋。

Proverb

"书呆子"

— Bookworm; someone who only knows books but lacks common sense.

他是个书呆子，不懂生活。

Informal

"书香门第"

— A family with a literary reputation or tradition of scholarship.

他出身于书香门第。

Formal

"废寝忘食"

— To neglect sleep and food (often used for reading/studying).

他读起书来废寝忘食。

Idiom

"开卷有益"

— Opening a book is always beneficial.

多读书吧，开卷有益。

Proverb

"读万卷书，行万里路"

— Read ten thousand books and travel ten thousand miles.

我们要读万卷书，行万里路。

Proverb

"闭门造车"

— To build a cart behind closed doors (ignoring the outside world/books).

不能闭门造车，要多看书。

Idiom

"汗牛充栋"

— So many books that they make the ox sweat (huge collection).

他的藏书汗牛充栋。

Literary

"书不释手"

— Cannot put the book down.

他对这本图书爱不释手。

Idiom

Fácil de confundir

图书 vs 书籍

Both mean books collectively.

'Túshū' is more about the physical/administrative object; 'Shūjí' is more about the literary/abstract concept.

这些图书需要分类。 vs. 书籍是进步的阶梯。

图书 vs 书本

Both refer to books.

'Shūběn' emphasizes the physical book as a source of academic knowledge.

书本上的知识。

图书 vs 文献

Both refer to written material.

'Wénxiàn' is strictly for research, archives, and official records.

历史文献。

图书 vs 读物

Both refer to things to read.

'Dúwù' focuses on the target audience or purpose.

儿童读物。

图书 vs 刊物

Both are publications.

'Kānwù' refers specifically to magazines and journals (periodicals).

学术刊物。

Padrões de frases

Subject + 有 + 图书。

我有图书。

Location + 有 + 很多 + 图书。

图书馆里有很多图书。

Subject + 喜欢 + 看 + 这种 + 图书。

我喜欢看这种图书。

图书 + 被 + Verb + 了。

图书被借走了。

对 + 图书 + 进行 + Verb。

对图书进行分类。

图书 + 是 + ... + 的载体。

图书是智慧的载体。

把 + 图书 + Verb + Result.

把图书放回原处。

虽然...但是...图书...

虽然现在有电子书，但是纸质图书仍然受欢迎。

Família de palavras

Substantivos

图书馆

图书卡

图书室

图书管理员

Verbos

读书

看书

写书

印书

Adjetivos

书面的

书卷气的

Relacionado

字

画

纸

笔

墨

Cadastre-se grátis para ver todos os exemplos

Como usar

frequency

High in written/formal Chinese; Medium in spoken Chinese.

Erros comuns

Using '个' as a measure word. → 一册图书 or 一本图书
'个' is too generic and incorrect for books.
Saying '我要去书店借图书'. → 我要去图书馆借图书。
You borrow from a library (图书馆), buy from a bookstore (书店).
Using '图书' for a notebook. → 本子 or 笔记本
'图书' is for printed reading material only.
Using '图书' in casual chat like '这本图书真好看'. → 这本书真好看。
'图书' sounds too stiff in a friendly conversation.
Confusing 'tú' and 'dú'. → túshū (books) vs. dúshū (to study/read)
'Tú' is a noun; 'Dú' is a verb.

Dicas

Choose the right word

Use 'shū' for personal actions and 'túshū' for formal or collective situations.

Measure words

Use '册' (cè) for a more professional sound when counting 'túshū'.

Stroke order

Pay attention to '图'. The outside 'box' is written first, then the inside, then the bottom line.

Politeness

When asking a librarian for help, using 'túshū' makes you sound polite and educated.

Expansion

Learn 'túshūguǎn' (library) and 'túshūkǎ' (library card) together.

Respect

Books are valued in China. Handle 'túshū' with care in public spaces.

Context clues

If you hear 'túshū', expect a formal topic like education or administration.

Online search

When searching for scholarly books online, use '图书' as a keyword instead of '书'.

HSK Prep

'图书' is a common HSK word. Practice its usage in writing tasks.

Visuals

Associate '图' with a picture frame and '书' with a stack of papers.

Memorize

Mnemônico

Think of a 'Two-Shoe' (Tu-Shu) library where you need two shoes to walk through all the books.

Associação visual

Imagine a map (图) tucked inside a book (书).

Word Web

图书馆书架借书还书看书新书旧书好书

Desafio

Try to find three signs in your city that use the characters 图 or 书 and explain their meaning.

Origem da palavra

The word '图书' dates back to the Han Dynasty. '图' (tú) originally meant maps or charts, and '书' (shū) meant texts or writings.

Significado original: Maps and documents/registers.

Sino-Tibetan

Contexto cultural

No major sensitivities, but always treat physical books with respect in Chinese settings.

English uses 'books' for everything. Chinese splits 'shū' (casual) and 'túshū' (formal/collective).

The Library of Alexandria (亚历山大图书馆) The Siku Quanshu (四库全书)

Pratique na vida real

Contextos reais

Library

借图书
还图书
图书证
图书管理员

School

参考图书
课外图书
图书角
整理图书

Bookstore

图书展销
新到图书
图书折扣
特价图书

Digital

下载图书
在线图书
电子图书库
图书软件

News

图书销量
图书排行榜
图书版权
图书进出口

Iniciadores de conversa

"你经常去图书馆借图书吗？"

"你最喜欢的图书类型是什么？"

"你觉得电子图书会取代纸质图书吗？"

"你们学校的图书资源丰富吗？"

"你参加过图书展吗？"

Temas para diário

写一写你最喜欢的一本图书。

描述一下你理想中的图书馆。

谈谈你对图书捐赠的看法。

如果你是一个图书管理员，你会做什么？

纸质图书和电子图书，你更喜欢哪一个？为什么？

Perguntas frequentes

10 perguntas

Technically yes, but it sounds very formal. Usually, you would say '一本书' (yì běn shū) for a single book. '图书' is better for a collection or the general concept of books in a library.

'图书馆' (túshūguǎn) is a library where you borrow books. '书店' (shūdiàn) is a bookstore where you buy books.

Not really. It is a very stable, formal word. Sometimes '书呆子' (shūdāizi) is used for a nerd, but it uses 'shū' not 'túshū'.

'本' (běn) is common, but '册' (cè) is more formal and fits '图书' better in academic contexts.

In ancient China, official records and collections often consisted of both maps/charts and written texts. The name stuck.

It sounds a bit like 'I want to look at the library's collection.' If you just want to read, say '我想看书'.

'电子图书' (diànzǐ túshū) or more commonly '电子书' (diànzǐ shū).

Usually no. Magazines are '杂志' (zázhì) or '刊物' (kānwù). '图书' refers specifically to books.

It means 'Book Mansion' or 'Book Palace,' usually a very large, multi-story bookstore.

Yes, the usage is identical in both Mainland China and Taiwan.

Cadastre-se grátis para ver dicas e notas