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A2 verb #2,000 mais comum 5 min de leitura

纪念

jìniàn
At the A1 level, 纪念 is introduced primarily as a noun meaning 'souvenir' or 'memento.' Students learn it in the context of travel or friendship. For example, '这是一个纪念' (This is a souvenir). The focus is on the physical object that helps one remember a place or a person. Learners at this stage don't need to worry about the complex historical or formal verb usages. They should simply recognize that when they buy something at a gift shop, it's a 纪念品 (jìniànpǐn). The concept is kept concrete and linked to everyday objects like photos, postcards, or small gifts. It's about the 'what' rather than the 'why' or 'how' of commemoration.
At the A2 level, learners begin to use 纪念 as a verb in simple sentences. They learn to express the idea of doing something to remember a specific day or person. For instance, '我们要纪念他的生日' (We want to commemorate his birthday). The word is often paired with dates and simple events. A2 students also learn the common phrase '留作纪念' (keep as a memento), which is useful when taking photos with friends. The distinction between a regular gift (礼物) and a souvenir (纪念品) becomes clearer. The focus shifts from just the object to the simple action of keeping a memory alive through that object or a small activity.
At the B1 level, the usage of 纪念 expands into more formal and social contexts. Students learn to use it in the context of 'Anniversaries' (纪念日) and 'Commemorative activities' (纪念活动). They start to see the word in news articles or short stories about historical figures. B1 learners should be able to distinguish 纪念 from 记得 and 庆祝. They understand that 纪念 carries a more serious or reflective tone. They might use it to describe why a certain statue was built or why a holiday is observed. The grammar becomes more complex, involving structures like '为了纪念...而...' (In order to commemorate..., [action]...).
At the B2 level, 纪念 is used in academic and professional discussions. Learners can discuss the significance of national monuments (纪念碑) or memorial halls (纪念馆). They understand the cultural weight of the word in Chinese society, such as its role in the Qingming Festival or other traditional holidays. B2 students can use 纪念 to discuss abstract concepts like 'collective memory' or 'historical legacy.' They are expected to use the word with appropriate collocations, such as '具有纪念意义' (to have commemorative significance). The focus is on the societal and historical importance of the act of commemoration.
At the C1 level, learners explore the literary and philosophical nuances of 纪念. They can analyze how authors use the word to evoke nostalgia, national identity, or existential reflection. They understand the difference between 纪念 and more formal synonyms like 缅怀 or 追悼. C1 students can use 纪念 in complex rhetorical structures and understand its use in classical-style modern prose. They can discuss the ethics of memory—what a society chooses to 纪念 and what it chooses to forget. The word is no longer just a vocabulary item but a tool for deep cultural and historical analysis.
At the C2 level, the learner has a native-like grasp of 纪念. They can use it in high-level political speeches, legal documents, or sophisticated literary criticism. They understand the subtle connotations it carries in different political eras of Chinese history. A C2 learner can appreciate the irony or subtext when 纪念 is used in satirical or avant-garde literature. They can effortlessly switch between its various forms and synonyms to achieve precise emotional or formal effects. For a C2 learner, 纪念 is a thread that connects personal sentiment, cultural tradition, and national narrative, and they can manipulate this thread with total fluency.
Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas

纪念 em 30 segundos

  • 纪念 is a dual-purpose word: a verb for commemorating and a noun for souvenirs.
  • It is more formal and intentional than the simple verb 'to remember' (记得).
  • Commonly found in terms like 纪念日 (anniversary) and 纪念品 (souvenir).
  • Essential for discussing history, personal milestones, and travel experiences.

The term 纪念 (jìniàn) is a versatile and essential word in the Chinese lexicon, serving as both a verb and a noun. At its most fundamental level, it describes the act of keeping a person, an event, or a specific moment alive in one's memory through formal or informal means. Unlike the simple act of 'remembering' (记得), 纪念 implies a level of intentionality and often involves a ritual, an object, or a ceremony. It is the bridge between the fleeting nature of time and the human desire for permanence. When used as a verb, it translates to 'to commemorate' or 'to honor the memory of.' When used as a noun, it refers to a 'souvenir,' 'memento,' or 'commemoration.'

Etymological Root
The character 纪 (jì) relates to recording or discipline, while 念 (niàn) relates to thought or missing someone. Together, they form the concept of 'recording a thought' or 'disciplining the memory.'
Grammatical Flexibility
It can act as a direct object (买个纪念), a predicate (纪念鲁迅), or an attributive (纪念活动).
Emotional Resonance
It carries a tone of respect and solemnity, often used in historical and personal contexts.

“我们在这里集会，是为了纪念那些为国家牺牲的英雄。” (We gather here to commemorate the heroes who sacrificed for the country.)

“这张照片是我留作纪念的。” (I kept this photo as a souvenir.)

“学校举行了校庆纪念大会。” (The school held a commemorative assembly for the anniversary.)

“他送给我一支笔作为纪念。” (He gave me a pen as a memento.)

“这块碑是用来纪念这位科学家的。” (This monument is used to honor the memory of this scientist.)

In modern usage, 纪念 has expanded into the digital realm. People post 'commemorative' photos on social media to mark anniversaries (纪念日). It is also heavily used in political and historical discourse to ensure that national tragedies or triumphs are not forgotten by the younger generations. The word encapsulates the human struggle against oblivion, making it a cornerstone of both personal identity and collective history.

Using 纪念 correctly requires understanding its dual nature as a noun and a verb. As a verb, it is transitive, meaning it usually takes an object—typically a person, a date, or an event. As a noun, it often appears in phrases like '作为纪念' (as a souvenir) or '留作纪念' (keep as a memento). It is important to distinguish it from 记得 (to remember/recall) and 怀念 (to cherish the memory of/miss). While 记得 is a cognitive function, 纪念 is an action or an object of remembrance.

  • As a Verb: Subject + 纪念 + Object. Example: 我们纪念这位伟大的诗人 (We commemorate this great poet).
  • As a Noun: Object + 作为纪念. Example: 这张照片留作纪念 (Keep this photo as a memento).
  • In Compound Words: 纪念日 (Anniversary), 纪念碑 (Monument), 纪念馆 (Memorial hall), 纪念品 (Souvenir).

When you want to say 'to celebrate an anniversary,' you would use '纪念...周年' (jìniàn... zhōunián). For example, '纪念结婚十周年' (Commemorating the 10th wedding anniversary). Note that for happy occasions, 庆祝 (qìngzhù - to celebrate) is often used interchangeably, but 纪念 adds a layer of reflection and historical weight. In formal writing, 纪念 is preferred for solemn occasions, such as the anniversary of a historical event or the passing of a significant figure.

You will encounter 纪念 in a variety of settings, ranging from the highly formal to the intimately personal. In the public sphere, it is a staple of news broadcasts and government announcements. Every year, media outlets report on ceremonies held to 纪念 historical milestones, such as the end of a war or the founding of an institution. You will see it on signs in museums (纪念馆) and on plaques attached to statues or monuments (纪念碑).

In a personal context, you'll hear it during gift exchanges. If a friend is moving away, they might give you a small gift and say, '送给你留个纪念' (Giving this to you as a keepsake). On social media, users often post photos with the hashtag #纪念日# to mark birthdays, relationship milestones, or the first day at a new job. In academic and literary circles, 纪念 is used in the titles of essays or collections published to honor a deceased scholar or writer (例如：《纪念鲁迅》).

One of the most frequent errors learners make is confusing 纪念 with 记得 (jìde). 记得 is simply the mental state of not forgetting something (e.g., 'I remember his name'). 纪念, however, is the external action taken to honor that memory. You cannot say '我纪念他的名字' to mean you remember his name; you would say '我记得他的名字.' You would use 纪念 if you were holding a ceremony to honor his name.

Another common mistake is the confusion between 纪念 and 怀念 (huáiniàn). 怀念 is an emotional state—feeling nostalgic or missing someone who is gone. 纪念 is the formal act. You can 怀念 your childhood (miss it), but you 纪念 a historical event (commemorate it). While you can 纪念 a person by 怀念-ing them, the words are not interchangeable in sentence structure. Lastly, be careful with 纪念品. Don't use it for a 'gift' (礼物) in general; it must be a gift specifically intended to serve as a reminder of a place or event.

Several words share semantic space with 纪念, but each has a distinct nuance. 庆祝 (qìngzhù) means 'to celebrate' and is usually associated with joyful events like birthdays or victories. 缅怀 (miǎnhuái) is a more formal and literary term for 'to cherish the memory of,' often used for ancestors or martyrs with a sense of deep respect and longing. 追思 (zhuīsī) is specifically used for 'reminiscing' or 'memorializing' the deceased, often in a religious or funeral context.

留念 (liúniàn) is very close to 纪念 when used as a noun meaning 'keepsake,' but it is more commonly used as a verb meaning 'to keep as a souvenir' in the context of photography (e.g., 拍照留念 - take a photo as a memento). 祭奠 (jìdiàn) is a much more specific term referring to the traditional Chinese ritual of offering sacrifices to the dead. Understanding these distinctions helps in choosing the right level of formality and emotional tone for your conversation or writing.

How Formal Is It?

Formal

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Informal

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Nível de dificuldade

Gramática essencial

Exemplos por nível

1

这是一个纪念。

This is a souvenir.

Simple 'Subject + be + Noun' structure.

2

我买了一个纪念品。

I bought a souvenir.

Using the noun form 纪念品.

3

这张照片送给你留纪念。

I give this photo to you as a memento.

留纪念 is a common short phrase.

4

这是我们的纪念。

This is our memento.

Possessive pronoun + 纪念.

5

书里有一朵花，是纪念。

There is a flower in the book; it's a memento.

Existential sentence + 纪念.

6

我喜欢这个纪念品。

I like this souvenir.

Verb 'like' + noun.

7

这是北京的纪念。

This is a souvenir of Beijing.

Location + 的 + 纪念.

8

你要什么纪念品？

What souvenir do you want?

Question with 什么.

1

我们要纪念他的生日。

We want to commemorate his birthday.

纪念 used as a verb.

2

这张照片留作纪念吧。

Let's keep this photo as a memento.

留作纪念 is a fixed expression.

3

这是我给你的纪念礼物。

This is a commemorative gift I'm giving you.

纪念 used as an adjective modifying 礼物.

4

我们拍照纪念一下。

Let's take a photo to commemorate this.

Verb + 纪念 + 动量词 (一下).

5

这个杯子很有纪念意义。

This cup has a lot of commemorative significance.

纪念意义 is a common collocation.

6

他在纪念册上写了字。

He wrote in the commemorative album.

纪念册 means 'commemorative album/yearbook'.

7

明天是我们的结婚纪念日。

Tomorrow is our wedding anniversary.

纪念日 is a compound noun.

8

这件衣服是留作纪念的。

This piece of clothing is kept as a memento.

是...的 structure for emphasis.

1

学校举行了纪念活动。

The school held a commemorative activity.

举行 + 纪念活动.

2

为了纪念这位老师，我们种了一棵树。

In order to commemorate this teacher, we planted a tree.

为了... (in order to) structure.

3

这枚邮票是为纪念奥运会发行的。

This stamp was issued to commemorate the Olympics.

为... (for) + 纪念.

4

我们要永远纪念那些英雄。

We must always commemorate those heroes.

Adverb 永远 + 纪念.

5

这个纪念馆免费向公众开放。

This memorial hall is open to the public for free.

纪念馆 as a subject.

6

他写了一篇文章来纪念他的祖父。

He wrote an article to commemorate his grandfather.

来 (to/in order to) + 纪念.

7

这些照片记录了那个有纪念意义的时刻。

These photos recorded that commemorative moment.

有纪念意义的 + noun.

8

大家集会纪念五四运动。

Everyone gathered to commemorate the May Fourth Movement.

Verb phrase as purpose.

1

这座纪念碑是为了纪念战争中的牺牲者而建立的。

This monument was built to commemorate the victims of the war.

是为了...而... structure.

2

这部电影是向那位伟大的科学家致敬并纪念他。

This movie pays tribute to and commemorates that great scientist.

Parallel verbs: 致敬 and 纪念.

3

政府发行了纪念币来庆祝建国五十周年。

The government issued commemorative coins to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the founding of the country.

纪念币 (commemorative coin).

4

这个节日的设立具有深远的纪念意义。

The establishment of this festival has profound commemorative significance.

具有...意义 (to have... significance).

5

我们应当以实际行动来纪念先辈。

We should commemorate our ancestors with practical actions.

以... (with/by) + 纪念.

6

这本纪念集收录了他生前的所有作品。

This commemorative collection includes all his works from during his lifetime.

纪念集 (commemorative collection).

7

这次会议是纪念改革开放四十周年的重要活动。

This meeting is an important activity to commemorate the 40th anniversary of reform and opening up.

Noun phrase as a predicate.

8

他在纪念仪式上发表了感人的讲话。

He delivered a touching speech at the memorial ceremony.

纪念仪式 (memorial ceremony).

1

这种纪念方式体现了民族的集体记忆。

This way of commemorating reflects the collective memory of the nation.

Abstract subject + 纪念方式.

2

历史不应仅仅被纪念，更应被反思。

History should not only be commemorated, but more importantly, reflected upon.

Passive voice + 不仅仅...更... structure.

3

他用这种独特的方式纪念那段逝去的岁月。

He commemorated those passing years in this unique way.

用...方式 + 纪念.

4

纪念不仅是对过去的缅怀，更是对未来的期许。

Commemoration is not only a cherishing of the past, but also an expectation for the future.

纪念 as an abstract noun/subject.

5

文学作品往往是作家对时代的一种纪念。

Literary works are often a writer's way of commemorating an era.

Metaphorical use of 纪念.

6

这座建筑本身就是一座无声的纪念碑。

This building itself is a silent monument.

纪念碑 used metaphorically.

7

我们纪念他，是因为他代表了一种不屈的精神。

We commemorate him because he represents an unyielding spirit.

Causal clause explaining the reason for 纪念.

8

这种纪念活动已逐渐演变成一种文化符号。

This commemorative activity has gradually evolved into a cultural symbol.

演变成 (evolve into) + 符号.

1

纪念的本质在于对抗遗忘，赋予苦难以尊严。

The essence of commemoration lies in resisting oblivion and bestowing dignity upon suffering.

Philosophical definition of 纪念.

2

通过纪念，我们将个体的生命碎片拼凑成宏大的历史叙事。

Through commemoration, we piece together individual fragments of life into a grand historical narrative.

Complex prepositional phrase + metaphor.

3

这种仪式化的纪念往往掩盖了历史真实的复杂性。

This ritualized commemoration often obscures the true complexity of history.

Critical perspective on 纪念.

4

在后现代语境下，纪念的意义正经历着前所未有的解构。

In the postmodern context, the meaning of commemoration is undergoing an unprecedented deconstruction.

Academic terminology (语境, 解构).

5

他终其一生都在用文字为那个消失的阶层建立一座纪念馆。

He spent his entire life using words to build a memorial for that vanished social class.

Metaphorical and literary usage.

6

纪念不仅仅是回望，它更是一种重塑当下的力量。

Commemoration is not just looking back; it is a force that reshapes the present.

Abstract philosophical assertion.

7

官方的纪念叙事往往与民间的集体记忆存在偏差。

Official commemorative narratives often deviate from the collective memory of the people.

Sociopolitical analysis.

8

在这个速朽的时代，真正的纪念显得尤为珍贵。

In this ephemeral era, true commemoration appears particularly precious.

Sophisticated vocabulary (速朽, 尤为).

Colocações comuns

举行纪念活动
具有纪念意义
留作纪念
纪念周年
建立纪念碑
发行纪念邮票
深切纪念
永志纪念
作为纪念
合影留念

Frases Comuns

纪念日

纪念品

纪念馆

纪念碑

纪念币

纪念册

纪念章

纪念金币

纪念大会

纪念刊

Frequentemente confundido com

纪念 vs 记得 (Cognitive memory)

纪念 vs 怀念 (Emotional longing)

纪念 vs 庆祝 (Joyful celebration)

Expressões idiomáticas

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

Fácil de confundir

纪念 vs 留念

Specifically for photos or keepsakes.

纪念 vs 缅怀

Much more formal and solemn.

纪念 vs 祭奠

Religious/ritualistic for the dead.

纪念 vs 周年

The time period, while 纪念 is the act.

纪念 vs 礼物

A general gift, not necessarily for memory.

Padrões de frases

Família de palavras

Relacionado

Como usar

Collocation

Pair with '活动', '意义', or '日'.

Noun vs Verb

Ensure the context clarifies if it's the act or the object.

Erros comuns
  • Using 纪念 when you just mean 'to remember' (记得).
  • Using 纪念 for a generic birthday party without any reflective element.
  • Confusing 纪念品 (souvenir) with 奖品 (prize).
  • Incorrectly placing 纪念 in a sentence (e.g., *我买纪念一个).
  • Using 纪念 for 'to miss someone' (should be 想念 or 怀念).

Dicas

Learn the Compounds

Learn 纪念日, 纪念品, and 纪念碑 together to see how the word functions in different contexts.

Verb vs Noun

Pay attention to whether 纪念 is followed by an object (verb) or preceded by a possessive (noun).

Respect the Tone

Use 纪念 for serious or respectful contexts. It shows you understand Chinese social etiquette.

Photo Phrase

Memorize '拍张照片留个纪念' (Take a photo as a memento). It's a great social icebreaker.

Use with '意义'

Using '具有纪念意义' makes your writing sound more advanced and native-like.

News Keywords

When you hear '周年' (anniversary), listen for '纪念' immediately before or after it.

Historical Context

In history books, 纪念 is often used to frame the importance of an event.

Gift Giving

Labeling a gift as a '纪念品' instead of just a '礼物' adds sentimental value.

Social Media

Check the hashtag #纪念日 on Weibo or Xiaohongshu to see how people use it in real life.

Contrast with 记得

Practice making two sentences: one with 记得 (mental) and one with 纪念 (action).

Memorize

Mnemônico

To 纪念 is to put a 'Ji' (record) on your 'Nian' (thoughts).

Origem da palavra

Contexto cultural

Giving a 纪念品 is a standard part of Chinese hospitality and business etiquette.

The phrase '拍照留念' is heard at every tourist attraction in China.

Visiting 纪念馆 (memorial halls) of the revolution is a popular activity.

Pratique na vida real

Contextos reais

Iniciadores de conversa

"你的结婚纪念日是怎么过的？"

"你买过最有意义的纪念品是什么？"

"我们拍照留个纪念吧？"

"这个城市有什么著名的纪念碑吗？"

"你会怎么纪念你的好朋友？"

Temas para diário

写一件你留作纪念的东西及其背后的故事。

如果你要为一个历史人物建立纪念馆，你会选谁？为什么？

描述一次你参加过的纪念活动。

为什么人类需要纪念过去？

你最想纪念的一段时光是什么？

Perguntas frequentes

10 perguntas

Yes, like a wedding anniversary (结婚纪念日).

庆祝 is 'to celebrate' (party, joy), while 纪念 is 'to commemorate' (remember, reflect).

Usually, yes, but 纪念 can also be an abstract concept.

It sounds very formal, like you are honoring a dead hero. Use '我想你' or '我记得你' for friends.

It is a monument or memorial stone.

纪念日快乐！

Yes, it is extremely common in both daily life and formal media.

Yes, as in '纪念活动' (commemorative activity).

A memorial museum or hall.

Usually, we use 庆祝 for birthdays, but 纪念 might be used for a very significant milestone birthday.

Teste-se 180 perguntas

/ 180 correct

Perfect score!

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