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A2 verb 7 min de leitura

运行

yunxing
Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas
Explicação 运行 in your Level:
In A1, you're learning the very basics. You might hear simple sentences about machines working, like 'The machine runs.' You won't be expected to use 运行 yourself yet, but you'll start to recognize it in very simple contexts, perhaps related to toys or basic appliances.
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At A2, you begin to understand more practical language. You'll start to hear and use 运行 for common things like computer programs and basic machinery. Sentences will be straightforward, like 'The computer is running.' You'll be able to say 'This program runs' or 'The car is running.'
In B1, your understanding expands. You'll use 运行 more confidently for technology, machinery, and even simple business operations. You'll understand sentences describing how well something runs and be able to form more complex sentences about systems operating. You might also encounter it in discussions about economic activities.
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At B2, you can use 运行 with greater precision. You'll understand its application in technical manuals, business reports, and discussions about complex systems. You'll be able to explain the performance of software, the operation of machinery, and the functioning of economic models using 运行 and its related structures.
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In C1, you have a nuanced understanding. You can use 运行 in sophisticated contexts, including academic or highly technical discussions, and understand subtle implications. You can differentiate it clearly from similar words and use it to describe abstract processes and complex system dynamics with accuracy.
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At C2, your command of 运行 is native-like. You use it effortlessly in any context, understanding its full range of meanings and connotations. You can analyze its usage in literature, research papers, and specialized fields, and employ it to express complex ideas with complete mastery.
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Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas

The Chinese word 运行 (yùn xíng) is a versatile verb that means 'to run,' 'to operate,' or 'to function.' It's used in a wide variety of contexts, from the literal operation of machinery to the abstract functioning of economic systems or computer programs. When you want to say that something is working, moving, or performing its intended task, 运行 is often the word you'll need.

Think about everyday objects and systems. A car engine runs (运行). A computer program runs (运行). A factory operates (运行). Even abstract concepts like a business plan or a government policy can be said to be running (运行) if they are being implemented and are in effect.

Basic Usage
Machines run, programs run, systems operate.

电脑程序正在 运行。

In Computing
When you talk about software, apps, or operating systems, 运行 is the standard term for them being active and working.

这个软件可以 运行 在多种操作系统上。

Beyond Machines
The concept extends to economies, systems, and even natural processes. For instance, 'economic operations' can be described as 经济运行 (jīngjì yùnxíng).

公司的财务状况良好，业务 运行 得很顺利。

In summary, 运行 is a fundamental verb for describing anything that is actively working, functioning, or in operation. It's a word you'll encounter frequently in technical discussions, everyday conversations about technology, and even when discussing broader societal or economic systems.

Using 运行 (yùn xíng) correctly involves understanding its common subjects and objects. It's typically used when referring to things that have a process of operation or execution. Here are some common patterns and examples:

Subject + 运行
This is the most straightforward structure. The subject is something that operates.

这台机器 运行得很稳定。

Subject + 运行 + 得 + Adjective/Adverb
This pattern describes how something is running or operating.

我们的新系统 运行得非常 高效。

Subject + 正在 + 运行
Indicates that something is currently running or operating.

服务器 正在 运行，请稍候。

Specific Objects of Operation
While 运行 can sometimes stand alone, it's often followed by what is being run, especially in more technical contexts, though not always explicitly stated as a direct object.

这个程序需要特定的环境才能 运行。

Figurative Use
It can also be used for more abstract systems, like economic policies or social systems.

新的经济政策正在 运行。

Practice constructing sentences with different subjects and describing how they run. This will help you internalize the usage of 运行.

You'll encounter 运行 (yùn xíng) in a multitude of everyday and technical situations. Here's where you're most likely to hear or see it:

Technology and Computing
This is probably the most common place. When people talk about software, apps, operating systems, or even hardware performance, they use 运行. For example:

  • “这个应用程序在我的电脑上 运行得很快。” (This application runs very fast on my computer.)
  • “你安装的这个软件能 运行吗？” (Can this software you installed run?)
  • “系统 运行出现了一些问题。” (There are some problems with the system running.)
Machinery and Equipment
Any kind of machine, from a factory production line to a simple appliance, can be described as running using 运行. For instance:

  • “请确保机器 运行前已安全启动。” (Please ensure the machine is safely started before it runs.)
  • “这台打印机 运行时声音很大。” (This printer makes a lot of noise when it runs.)
Business and Economics
In business contexts, 运行 can refer to the operation of a company, a project, or an economic system.

  • “公司 运行 得很有效率。” (The company is running very efficiently.)
  • “这个项目目前 运行 顺利。” (This project is currently running smoothly.)
  • “国家经济 运行 良好。” (The national economy is running well.)
Science and Engineering
In scientific experiments or engineering projects, 运行 refers to the process of them being carried out or functioning.

  • “实验 运行 过程中需要密切监控。” (Close monitoring is required during the experiment's operation.)
  • “这个系统 运行 已经超过了设计寿命。” (This system has been running beyond its designed lifespan.)

You'll also hear it in casual conversations, for example, when someone is troubleshooting a device or discussing the performance of their computer. The key is that 运行 always implies something is actively functioning or performing its intended task.

Learners of Chinese often make a few common mistakes when using 运行 (yùn xíng). Understanding these pitfalls can help you avoid them:

Confusing with 'Start' or 'Begin'
Mistake: Using 运行 to mean simply 'to start' something. For example, saying “我运行电脑” (wǒ yùn xíng diànnǎo) when you mean 'I am starting the computer.'
Correction: The correct verb for starting a device is usually '开' (kāi) or '启动' (qǐdòng). 运行 implies that something is already in the process of working or operating. “启动电脑” (qǐdòng diànnǎo) means 'to start the computer.' Once it's on and working, then it is '运行'.
Using it for Living Things
Mistake: Applying 运行 to people or animals in the sense of them 'running' or 'moving.' For example, saying “小狗在院子里运行” (xiǎo gǒu zài yuànzi lǐ yùn xíng).
Correction: For living beings that are running or moving, use verbs like '跑' (pǎo) for running, '走' (zǒu) for walking, or '活动' (huódòng) for being active. 运行 is reserved for machines, programs, systems, and abstract processes.
Incorrect Grammar with Adverbs
Mistake: Placing adverbs incorrectly when describing how something runs. For instance, “电脑运行很快” (diànnǎo yùn xíng hěn kuài) is grammatically awkward.
Correction: When describing the manner of operation, use the structure Subject + 运行 + 得 + Adverb/Adjective. The correct sentence would be “电脑运行得很快” (diànnǎo yùn xíng de hěn kuài) - The computer runs very fast.
Overusing '运行' for Simple Actions
Mistake: Using 运行 for very simple, immediate actions where a more common verb would suffice. For example, saying “我运行这个文件” (wǒ yùn xíng zhège wénjiàn) when you mean 'I am opening this file.'
Correction: For opening files or executing simple commands, verbs like '打开' (dǎkāi - to open) or '执行' (zhíxíng - to execute) are more appropriate. 运行 implies a sustained process of operation.

By being mindful of these common errors, you can use 运行 more accurately and sound more natural to native speakers.

While 运行 (yùn xíng) is a key verb for 'to run' or 'to operate,' several other words can be used depending on the specific context and nuance you want to convey. Understanding these alternatives helps you choose the most precise word.

启动 (qǐdòng)
Meaning: To start, to launch, to boot up.
Usage: This is used for the initial action of making something begin its operation. It's the opposite of shutting down. 运行 refers to the state *after* it has started.
Comparison: You 启动 a computer, and then the computer 运行s. You 启动 an application, and then the application 运行s.
Example: “请 启动 你的电脑。” (Please start your computer.) vs. “我的电脑 运行得很慢。” (My computer runs very slowly.)
操作 (cāozuò)
Meaning: To operate, to manipulate, operation (noun).
Usage: This verb often refers to the human action of controlling or manipulating a machine or system. It can also be a noun referring to the act of operation.
Comparison: 运行 describes the system's state of working, while 操作 describes a person's action of making it work or interacting with it.
Example: “他正在 操作 这台机器。” (He is operating this machine.) vs. “这台机器 运行 得很平稳。” (This machine runs very smoothly.)
执行 (zhíxíng)
Meaning: To execute, to carry out, to perform.
Usage: This is commonly used for tasks, commands, or programs that are executed. It has a sense of carrying out a specific instruction or plan.
Comparison: While 运行 is about general operation, 执行 is about completing a specific task or command. A program might 运行, but a specific command within it is 执行.
Example: “电脑正在 执行 你的指令。” (The computer is executing your command.) vs. “这个软件 运行 起来有点慢。” (This software runs a bit slow.)
运转 (yùnzhuǎn)
Meaning: To run, to operate (often for complex systems or economies, implying movement and functioning).
Usage: Similar to 运行 but often emphasizes the continuous, dynamic functioning of larger systems, like economies, organizations, or intricate machinery. It can imply a cyclical or ongoing process.
Comparison: 运行 is more general. 运转 often suggests a more complex, perhaps mechanical or economic, system in motion.
Example: “工厂的机器 运转 得很顺利。” (The factory machines are running smoothly.) vs. “国家的经济 运行 正在恢复。” (The country's economy is recovering.)

Mastering these distinctions will significantly enhance your fluency and accuracy when discussing how things work in Chinese.

How Formal Is It?

Curiosidade

The character 运 itself is composed of 辶 (chuò), a radical indicating movement or a road, and 军 (jūn), meaning 'army.' This combination suggests movement, perhaps like an army on the move. The character 行 is a pictograph of a foot or a person walking.

Guia de pronúncia

UK /ˈrʌnɪŋ/
US /ˈrʌnɪŋ/
The stress is on the first syllable: RUN-ning.
Rima com
spinning winning beginning swimming listening singing ringing bringing
Erros comuns
  • Pronouncing the 'u' sound like 'oo' (as in 'soon').
  • Adding an extra syllable or misplacing the stress.
  • Not clearly articulating the final 'ng' sound.

Nível de dificuldade

Leitura 2/5

At A2 level, 运行 is encountered in simple texts, often related to technology or everyday machines. Sentences are usually straightforward, making it relatively easy to understand its core meaning in context.

Escrita 2/5
Expressão oral 2/5
Audição 2/5

O que aprender depois

Pré-requisitos

电脑 程序 机器 系统 工作 开始

Aprenda a seguir

启动 停止 操作 执行 稳定 效率

Avançado

运转 运作 优化 监控 性能 自动化

Gramática essencial

Describing Manner with '得' (de)

This is a very common pattern when describing how something runs. The structure is: Subject + Verb + 得 + Adjective/Adverb. For 运行, it's: Subject + 运行 + 得 + Adjective/Adverb. For example: 电脑 运行 得很快 (The computer runs very fast).

Using '正在' (zhèngzài) for Ongoing Actions

To indicate that something is currently in the process of running, use 正在 before 运行. Structure: Subject + 正在 + 运行. For example: 程序 正在 运行 (The program is running).

Using '可以' (kěyǐ) for Capability

To say that something is capable of running or can run, use 可以 before 运行. Structure: Subject + 可以 + 运行. For example: 这个软件 可以 运行 (This software can run).

Noun Phrases with 运行

While 运行 is primarily a verb, it can sometimes be part of noun phrases, often referring to the act or state of operation. For example, 运行时间 (runtime) or 运行成本 (operating cost).

Using Adverbs with 运行

Adverbs like '稳定' (stably), '高效' (efficiently), '正常' (normally) are often used with 运行, typically following the '得' structure or directly preceding the verb in more concise contexts. For example: 系统 运行 稳定 (The system runs stably).

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Exemplos por nível

1

汽车在运行。

The car is running.

2

电脑运行。

The computer runs.

3

这个玩具运行。

This toy runs.

4

灯在运行。

The light is running.

5

风扇运行。

The fan runs.

6

水泵运行。

The water pump runs.

7

电梯运行。

The elevator runs.

8

时钟运行。

The clock runs.

1

这个程序正在运行。

This program is running.

The adverb '正在' (zhèngzài) indicates an ongoing action.

2

机器运行得很慢。

The machine runs very slowly.

The structure '运行得 + adjective' describes the manner of operation.

3

我的手机运行正常。

My phone is running normally.

'正常' (zhèngcháng) means 'normal' or 'properly'.

4

我们需要检查系统运行。

We need to check the system's operation.

'检查' (jiǎnchá) means 'to check'.

5

这个软件可以运行。

This software can run.

'可以' (kěyǐ) means 'can' or 'is able to'.

6

服务器正在运行。

The server is running.

7

发动机运行良好。

The engine is running well.

'良好' (liánghǎo) means 'good' or 'fine'.

8

请确保设备运行安全。

Please ensure the device runs safely.

'安全' (ānquán) means 'safe'.

1

该操作系统可以稳定运行多年。

This operating system can run stably for many years.

'稳定' (wěndìng) means 'stable'.

2

公司的业务运行遇到了挑战。

The company's business operations have encountered challenges.

'业务' (yèwù) means 'business' or 'operations'.

3

我们需要优化程序的运行速度。

We need to optimize the program's running speed.

'优化' (yōuhuà) means 'to optimize', '速度' (sùdù) means 'speed'.

4

这个机器人能独立运行。

This robot can operate independently.

'独立' (dúlì) means 'independent'.

5

经济运行的指标显示出增长。

Economic operation indicators show growth.

'指标' (zhǐbiāo) means 'indicator', '增长' (zēngzhǎng) means 'growth'.

6

当电力中断时，备用系统将自动运行。

When the power is interrupted, the backup system will run automatically.

'备用系统' (bèiyòng xìtǒng) means 'backup system', '自动' (zìdòng) means 'automatic'.

7

请确保所有设备在运行前都已连接好。

Please ensure all devices are connected before running.

'连接' (liánjiē) means 'to connect'.

8

这个老旧的软件还在运行。

This old software is still running.

1

该系统的设计允许其在极端条件下长时间运行。

The system's design allows it to run for extended periods under extreme conditions.

'极端条件' (jíduān tiáojiàn) means 'extreme conditions', '长时间' (cháng shíjiān) means 'long time'.

2

我们正在评估新模型的运行效率。

We are evaluating the operational efficiency of the new model.

'评估' (pínggū) means 'to evaluate', '效率' (xiàolǜ) means 'efficiency'.

3

一旦启动，该程序将自动执行一系列任务。

Once launched, the program will automatically execute a series of tasks.

'一旦' (yīdàn) means 'once', '一系列' (yī xìliè) means 'a series of'.

4

全球经济运行的稳定性受到多种因素的影响。

The stability of the global economic operation is affected by multiple factors.

'稳定性' (wěndìngxìng) means 'stability', '多种因素' (duō zhǒng yīnsù) means 'multiple factors'.

5

通过监控日志，我们可以追踪程序的运行轨迹。

By monitoring logs, we can track the program's running trajectory.

'监控' (jiānkòng) means 'to monitor', '轨迹' (guǐjì) means 'trajectory' or 'path'.

6

这个复杂的算法需要强大的计算资源才能顺利运行。

This complex algorithm requires powerful computing resources to run smoothly.

'算法' (suànfǎ) means 'algorithm', '计算资源' (jìsuàn zīyuán) means 'computing resources'.

7

研究表明，该设备在低功耗模式下也能高效运行。

Research indicates that the device can also run efficiently in low-power mode.

'低功耗' (dī gōnghào) means 'low power consumption', '研究' (yánjiū) means 'research'.

8

我们必须确保生产线的连续运行。

We must ensure the continuous operation of the production line.

'连续' (liánxù) means 'continuous'.

1

该平台的弹性架构使其能够应对突发的高并发请求。

The platform's elastic architecture enables it to handle sudden high-concurrency requests.

'弹性架构' (tánxìng jiàgòu) means 'elastic architecture', '高并发' (gāo bìngfā) means 'high concurrency'.

2

通过对系统日志的深度分析，我们能够识别出潜在的性能瓶颈。

Through in-depth analysis of system logs, we can identify potential performance bottlenecks.

'深度分析' (shēndù fēnxī) means 'in-depth analysis', '性能瓶颈' (xìngnéng píngjǐng) means 'performance bottleneck'.

3

新政策的推行旨在优化国家宏观经济的运行。

The implementation of the new policy aims to optimize the operation of the national macroeconomy.

'推行' (tuīxíng) means 'to implement' or 'to promote', '宏观经济' (hóngguān jīngjì) means 'macroeconomy'.

4

这种分布式计算模型允许其在异构环境中高效运行。

This distributed computing model allows it to run efficiently in heterogeneous environments.

'分布式计算' (fēnbùshì jìsuàn) means 'distributed computing', '异构环境' (yìgòu huánjìng) means 'heterogeneous environment'.

5

我们必须审慎评估在关键基础设施上运行新软件的风险。

We must cautiously assess the risks of running new software on critical infrastructure.

'审慎' (shěnshèn) means 'cautious' or 'prudent', '关键基础设施' (guānjiàn jīchǔ shèshī) means 'critical infrastructure'.

6

该仿真程序的运行结果与实际观测数据高度吻合。

The simulation program's running results closely match the actual observational data.

'仿真程序' (fǎngzhēn chéngxù) means 'simulation program', '高度吻合' (gāodù wěnhé) means 'highly consistent' or 'closely match'.

7

为了确保系统的长期稳定运行，我们需要定期进行维护。

To ensure the long-term stable operation of the system, we need to perform regular maintenance.

'长期' (chángqī) means 'long-term', '维护' (wéihù) means 'maintenance'.

8

这种创新的运行机制显著提高了能源利用效率。

This innovative operational mechanism significantly improves energy utilization efficiency.

'运行机制' (yùnxíng jīzhì) means 'operational mechanism', '能源利用效率' (néngyuán lìyòng xiàolǜ) means 'energy utilization efficiency'.

1

该模型的鲁棒性使其能够在各种非理想条件下持续运行。

The model's robustness allows it to operate continuously under various non-ideal conditions.

'鲁棒性' (lǔbàngxìng) means 'robustness', '非理想条件' (fēi lǐxiǎng tiáojiàn) means 'non-ideal conditions'.

2

通过对系统架构的精细调优，我们实现了前所未有的运行性能。

Through fine-tuning of the system architecture, we have achieved unprecedented operational performance.

'精细调优' (jīngxì tiáoyōu) means 'fine-tuning', '前所未有' (qiánsuǒwèiyǒu) means 'unprecedented'.

3

其先进的算法确保了数据处理过程的实时运行和高精度。

Its advanced algorithms ensure the real-time operation and high precision of the data processing.

'实时运行' (shíshí yùnxíng) means 'real-time operation', '高精度' (gāo jīngdù) means 'high precision'.

4

该跨国企业的全球化运营网络是其成功的基石。

The multinational corporation's global operational network is the cornerstone of its success.

'跨国企业' (kuàguó qǐyè) means 'multinational corporation', '基石' (jīshí) means 'cornerstone'.

5

我们必须确保所有关键任务的持续运行，不受任何干扰。

We must ensure the continuous operation of all critical tasks, free from any interference.

'关键任务' (guānjiàn rènwù) means 'critical tasks', '不受任何干扰' (bù shòu rènhé gānrǎo) means 'free from any interference'.

6

该项目的运行模式采用了最新的敏捷开发方法。

The project's operational model adopts the latest agile development methodologies.

'运行模式' (yùnxíng móshì) means 'operational model', '敏捷开发' (mǐnjié kāifā) means 'agile development'.

7

其卓越的性能归功于其高度优化的底层运行库。

Its excellent performance is attributed to its highly optimized underlying runtime libraries.

'卓越的性能' (zhuóyuè de xìngnéng) means 'excellent performance', '底层运行库' (dǐcéng yùnxíng kù) means 'underlying runtime libraries'.

8

对系统瓶颈的深入剖析有助于提升其整体运行效率。

In-depth analysis of system bottlenecks helps to improve its overall operational efficiency.

'深入剖析' (shēnrù pōuxī) means 'in-depth analysis', '整体运行效率' (zhěngtǐ yùnxíng xiàolǜ) means 'overall operational efficiency'.

Colocações comuns

程序运行
系统运行
机器运行
经济运行
稳定运行
正常运行
高效运行
长期运行
连续运行
模拟运行

Frases Comuns

正在运行

— Currently running; in operation.

我的电脑 正在运行 一个大型软件。

运行良好

— Running well; functioning properly.

这个新买的打印机 运行良好。

运行缓慢

— Running slowly; operating slowly.

我的手机 运行缓慢，需要重启。

运行成本

— Operating cost; running cost.

降低 运行成本 是公司的目标。

运行模式

— Operating mode; running mode.

这个设备有几种不同的 运行模式。

运行状态

— Operating status; running status.

请检查服务器的 运行状态。

运行时间

— Runtime; operating time.

这个程序的 运行时间 很长。

运行效率

— Operational efficiency; running efficiency.

我们需要提高 运行效率。

运行中断

— Interruption of operation; runtime interruption.

由于电力问题，运行中断 了。

运行维护

— Operational maintenance; running maintenance.

为了保证 运行维护，我们需要定期检查。

Frequentemente confundido com

运行 vs 启动 (qǐdòng)

启动 means 'to start' or 'to launch,' referring to the initial action of making something begin to work. 运行 means 'to run' or 'to operate,' referring to the ongoing process after it has started. You 启动 a program, and then the program 运行s.

运行 vs 操作 (cāozuò)

操作 often implies human action of controlling or manipulating a system. 运行 describes the system's state of functioning, often independently of direct human input at that moment.

运行 vs 执行 (zhíxíng)

执行 means 'to execute' or 'to carry out,' usually referring to specific commands, tasks, or instructions. 运行 is a more general term for the overall operation of a program or system.

Expressões idiomáticas

"运转不灵"

— Not running smoothly; malfunctioning (literally: operating not agile/smooth).

这台旧机器 运转不灵，经常出毛病。

General
"行云流水"

— Smooth and natural, like flowing clouds and water (often used to describe writing, art, or performance, but can metaphorically apply to systems running perfectly).

他的演讲 行云流水，听众们都非常投入。

Literary/Formal
"马马虎虎"

— So-so, careless (can describe something that runs in a sloppy or mediocre way).

他的工作 马马虎虎，系统运行也跟着出问题。

Informal
"有条不紊"

— Orderly, methodical (describes something running in a structured and organized manner).

整个项目 有条不紊 地运行着。

Formal
"朝令夕改"

— Issuing orders in the morning and changing them in the evening (describes frequent, inconsistent changes, which would make any system hard to run).

这种 朝令夕改 的管理方式，让公司难以正常运行。

Formal/Critical
"顺水推舟"

— To go with the flow, to take advantage of a favorable situation (can metaphorically describe a system that operates smoothly due to favorable conditions).

有了良好的市场环境，公司 顺水推舟 地运行得更好。

General
"风生水起"

— Flourishing, booming (describes a very successful and dynamic operation).

他的创业公司 风生水起，运行得非常好。

General/Positive
"名存实亡"

— Existing in name only, not in reality (describes a system that is nominally running but is ineffective).

这个部门虽然还在 运行，但已经 名存实亡。

Critical/Negative
"按部就班"

— To follow the prescribed steps, step-by-step (describes a system running according to a strict procedure).

我们的生产流程 按部就班 地运行。

General
"滴水不漏"

— Water-tight, flawless (describes a system running without any errors or leaks).

这个安全系统 滴水不漏，运行非常可靠。

Formal/Positive

Fácil de confundir

运行 vs 启动

Both relate to making something work.

启动 is the act of beginning the process, the 'start button.' 运行 is the process itself, the 'engine running.' You launch (启动) a car, and then the engine runs (运行).

我 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>启动</mark> 了电脑，但是它 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>运行</mark> 得很慢。

运行 vs 操作

Both involve making something work.

操作 usually implies direct human control or manipulation. 运行 can happen automatically or independently. A pilot operates (操作) the plane, and the plane runs (运行).

工程师 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>操作</mark> 了机器，然后机器开始 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>运行</mark>。

运行 vs 执行

Both are related to processes in computing.

执行 refers to completing a specific command or task. 运行 refers to the overall state of the program or system. A program runs (运行), and within it, commands are executed (执行).

这个程序 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>运行</mark> 得很流畅，并且 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>执行</mark> 了所有指令。

运行 vs 运转

Very similar meaning, often interchangeable.

运转 often emphasizes a more dynamic, continuous, or cyclical movement, especially for larger systems like economies or complex machinery. 运行 is more general. You can say '经济运行' or '经济运转,' but '运转' might be slightly more common for the overall economic system in motion.

工厂的机器 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>运行</mark> 得很稳定，而整个经济系统正在 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>运转</mark>。

运行 vs 工作

Both mean 'to function' or 'to work'.

工作 is more general and can apply to people or things. When applied to machines, it often implies a simpler state of functioning or not functioning. 运行 implies a more sustained or active process of operation, especially for programs and complex systems. 'The printer is working' could be '打印机在工作', but 'The printer driver is running' would be '打印机驱动程序在运行'.

这个打印机 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>工作</mark> 正常，但是我的新软件 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>运行</mark> 起来很慢。

Padrões de frases

A2

Subject + 运行

电脑 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>运行</mark>。

A2

Subject + 正在 + 运行

程序 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>正在</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>运行</mark>。

A2

Subject + 运行 + 得 + Adjective

机器 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>运行</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>很慢</mark>。

B1

Subject + 运行 + Adverb + Adjective

系统 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>运行</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>非常稳定</mark>。

B1

Subject + 可以 + 运行

这个软件 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>可以</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>运行</mark>。

B2

Subject + 运行 + (Object/Context) + 得 + Adverb/Adjective

该应用程序 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>运行</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>在不同设备上效果很好</mark>。

B2

Subject + (Adverb) + 运行 + (Object/Context)

我们正在 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>评估</mark> 新模型的 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>运行</mark> 效率。

C1

Subject + 运行 + (Adverbial Phrase/Clause)

该平台的弹性架构使其能够 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>运行</mark> 以应对突发的高并发请求。

Família de palavras

Substantivos

运行
运行者
运行商

Verbos

运行
运行

Relacionado

运转
操作
执行
启动
停止
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Como usar

frequency

Very High, especially in contexts related to technology and modern systems.

Erros comuns
  • Using 运行 for 'starting' a device. → 启动 (qǐdòng) or 开 (kāi).

    Learners often confuse 运行 (to run/operate) with 启动 (to start). You 启动 a computer, and then the computer 运行s. Saying '我运行电脑' (I run the computer) is incorrect; '我启动电脑' (I start the computer) or '电脑在运行' (The computer is running) are correct.

  • Using 运行 for people or animals running. → 跑 (pǎo) for running, or 活动 (huódòng) for being active.

    运行 is for machines, programs, and systems, not living beings. Saying '小狗运行' (The puppy runs) is incorrect. Use '小狗在跑' (The puppy is running).

  • Incorrect placement of '得' (de) when describing manner. → Subject + 运行 + 得 + Adjective/Adverb.

    A common error is omitting '得' or placing it incorrectly. Instead of '电脑运行很快', the correct structure is '电脑运行<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>得</mark>很快'.

  • Using 运行 as a direct object for 'opening' a file. → 打开 (dǎkāi) or 执行 (zhíxíng) for specific commands.

    While a program runs (运行), the action of opening a file is usually described with 打开. For executing a command, use 执行. Saying '我运行这个文件' is less precise than '我打开这个文件'.

  • Confusing 运行 with 运转 in all contexts. → Use 运行 for general operation, and 运转 for more dynamic or cyclical processes, especially economies or complex machinery.

    While often interchangeable, 运转 can carry a nuance of continuous motion or a larger system in operation that 运行 might not always emphasize. For general machine or program operation, 运行 is safer.

Dicas

Describing Performance

To describe how well something is running, use the pattern: Subject + 运行 + 得 + Adjective/Adverb. For example: '程序运行得很流畅' (The program runs very smoothly).

Distinguish from 'Start'

Remember that 运行 is about the ongoing process of operating. The initial act of starting is usually 启动 (qǐdòng). Don't confuse 'starting the computer' with 'the computer running'.

Tone Practice

Pay attention to the tones: yùn (4th tone) xíng (2nd tone). Practicing these tones correctly will make your pronunciation much clearer.

Visual Associations

Imagine a complex machine with many moving parts, all 'moving' (运) and 'going' (行) together to perform its function. This can help you remember the core meaning of 运行.

Tech Talk

If you're learning Chinese for technology, 运行 is a fundamental verb. Make sure you can use it to talk about software, hardware, and systems.

运行 vs. 运转

While similar, 运转 often implies a more dynamic, continuous, or cyclical motion, especially for economies or complex machinery. 运行 is more general.

Ongoing Actions

Use 正在 (zhèngzài) before 运行 to clearly indicate that something is currently in the process of running. For example: '服务器正在运行' (The server is running).

Beyond Computers

Don't limit 运行 to just computers. It's used for cars, factories, economic systems, and more. Broaden your understanding of its applications.

Sentence Building

Practice creating sentences with different subjects and describing their operation. This active recall is crucial for solidifying your understanding.

Memorize

Mnemônico

Think of a computer program (like a character in a game) that needs to 'run' (运行) through a 'road' (运) to 'go' (行) to its destination. Or imagine a factory 'transporting' (运) materials and 'moving' (行) them through production to 'operate'.

Associação visual

Picture a complex clockwork mechanism where gears are 'moving' (运) and 'going' (行) in a synchronized fashion to keep time. Or visualize a computer's internal processes as a stream of data 'traveling' (运) and 'functioning' (行) to display a webpage.

Word Web

运行 (yùn xíng) - to run, to operate 电脑 (diànnǎo) - computer 程序 (chéngxù) - program 机器 (jīqì) - machine 系统 (xìtǒng) - system 操作 (cāozuò) - operate 启动 (qǐdòng) - start 停止 (tíngzhǐ) - stop 正常 (zhèngcháng) - normal 缓慢 (huǎnmàn) - slow 效率 (xiàolǜ) - efficiency 稳定 (wěndìng) - stable

Desafio

Try to explain to a friend how your computer runs a program using the word 运行 and its related vocabulary. For example, '我的电脑正在运行一个程序，它运行得很稳定。'

Origem da palavra

The word 运行 is a compound word formed from 运 (yùn) and 行 (xíng). 运 originally meant 'to move,' 'to transport,' or 'to carry.' 行 originally meant 'to go,' 'to walk,' or 'to move.' Together, they convey the idea of moving and going, thus developing into the meaning of 'to run' or 'to operate.'

Significado original: Move and go; transport and travel.

Sino-Tibetan

Contexto cultural

The word itself is neutral and technical. However, discussing the 'running' of systems can touch upon sensitive topics like economic stability, technological control, or governmental efficiency, depending on the context.

In English, we use 'run' for computers, programs, engines, and even for abstract things like 'running a business' or 'running a country.' The Chinese 运行 covers a similar range.

The concept of 'harmonious society' (和谐社会 - héxié shèhuì) implies systems and organizations running smoothly and in balance. Modern China's rapid economic development is often described in terms of its robust 'economic operation' (经济运行 - jīngjì yùnxíng). The widespread adoption of smartphones and apps means that 'program running' (程序运行 - chéngxù yùnxíng) is a daily experience for millions.

Pratique na vida real

Contextos reais

Talking about computers and software.

  • 程序运行
  • 运行得很快
  • 运行缓慢
  • 正在运行
  • 运行正常

Discussing machinery and equipment.

  • 机器运行
  • 运行良好
  • 运行安全
  • 运行状态

Describing business or economic activities.

  • 经济运行
  • 公司运行
  • 运行效率
  • 运行成本

General conversations about things working.

  • 设备运行
  • 系统运行
  • 运行顺利

Troubleshooting technical issues.

  • 运行中断
  • 运行问题
  • 需要运行

Iniciadores de conversa

"你今天用的电脑运行得怎么样？"

"你最近有没有遇到什么软件运行的问题？"

"你觉得这个新机器运行起来怎么样？"

"我们公司的系统运行得还算顺利吗？"

"你有没有试过运行一些比较老的程序？"

Temas para diário

描述一下你今天电脑运行的情况，是快还是慢？

写下你最近一次遇到程序运行失败的经历，当时是怎么解决的？

想象一下你正在设计一个新产品，你会如何描述它的运行机制？

你认为什么因素会影响一个系统的运行效率？

用中文写一段关于你最喜欢的应用程序是如何运行的。

Perguntas frequentes

10 perguntas

启动 (qǐdòng) means 'to start' or 'to launch.' It's the action of initiating a process. 运行 (yùn xíng) means 'to run' or 'to operate,' describing the ongoing state of that process. You 启动 a program, and then the program 运行s. Think of 启动 as turning the key in a car, and 运行 as the engine running down the road.

No, 运行 is generally not used for people or animals in the sense of them 'running' or moving. For people running, use 跑 (pǎo). For general activity, use 活动 (huódòng). 运行 is primarily for machines, computer programs, systems, and abstract processes.

You typically use the pattern: Subject + 运行 + 得 + Adjective/Adverb. For example, '电脑运行得很慢' (The computer runs very slowly) or '系统运行得很稳定' (The system runs very stably).

Yes, 运行 is commonly used in economics to describe the functioning of the economy, markets, or policies. For example, '经济运行' (economic operation) or '市场运行' (market operation).

While primarily a verb, 运行 can sometimes function as a noun referring to the act or state of operation, especially in compound words like 运行时间 (runtime) or 运行成本 (operating cost). However, in most standalone contexts, it's used as a verb.

操作 (cāozuò) usually implies direct human action to control or manipulate something. 运行 (yùn xíng) describes the state of the machine or program functioning, which might be happening automatically or with minimal direct human input at that moment. A person operates (操作) the machine, and the machine runs (运行).

工作 (gōngzuò) is a more general term for 'to work' and can be used for simpler machines that are functioning. 运行 is more specific to sustained operation, especially for complex systems, software, and processes. If a computer program is running, you would say it is 运行, not just 工作.

You could say '系统运行出现问题' (xìtǒng yùnxíng chūxiàn wèntí - the system operation has appeared problems) or '系统运行错误' (xìtǒng yùnxíng cuòwù - system running error).

Yes, 运行 can be used for abstract concepts like economic policies, social systems, or plans if they are being implemented and are functioning. For example, '新的政策正在运行' (The new policy is running/being implemented).

The most common opposites are 停止 (tíngzhǐ - to stop) and 关闭 (guānbì - to close/shut down). 暂停 (zàntíng - to pause) is a temporary stop.

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