Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'walaw' (ولو) or 'ma'a anna' (مع أن) to express that a result happens regardless of a condition.
- Use 'walaw' (ولو) for hypothetical or extreme conditions: 'walaw kuntu mut'aban' (even if I were tired).
- Use 'ma'a anna' (مع أن) for factual concessions: 'ma'a annahu ghaniyy' (although he is rich).
- Ensure the verb tense following 'walaw' matches the hypothetical nature of the statement.
Overview
لكن (but) to convey a deeper relationship of non-dependence, asserting that the main clause remains valid irrespective of the concessive clause. At the C1 level, this is not merely about understanding the basic meaning of even if or although; it is about grasping the nuanced semantic and pragmatic functions of various concessive particles, their specific syntactic requirements, and their impact on the overall tone and argument.He is rich, but he is stingy(
هو غني، لكنه بخيل) and Although he is rich, he is stingy(
رغم أنه غني، فهو بخيل). The latter emphasizes the surprising or contradictory nature of the stinginess given his wealth, suggesting a deeper observation. This nuanced expression is a hallmark of advanced language proficiency.How This Grammar Works
even if, posit a potential or imaginary situation that, should it occur, would still not alter the outcome of the main clause. Factual concessive conditionals, translated as although or despite the fact that,refer to an existing, undeniable reality that nevertheless does not prevent the main clause from being true.
Formation Pattern
وَلَوْ (wa-law) and حَتَّى لَوْ (ḥattā law)
لَوْ (law – if).
وَلَوْ / حَتَّى لَوْ + Past Tense Verb (perfect tense) + Result Clause (often with لَـ or implicit)
الفعل الماضي) after وَلَوْ or حَتَّى لَوْ is a crucial syntactic feature, even when the intended meaning is present or future. This is a common characteristic of conditional clauses in Arabic, where the perfect tense signifies completion of the condition, irrespective of its temporal actuality. The meaning is not that the action *did* happen, but that *if* it were to happen/have happened, the result would ensue. It signals an irrealis mood.
سَأَذْهَبُ وَلَوْ أَمْطَرَتِ السَّمَاءُ.
I will go even if it rains (lit. even if the sky rained).
أَمْطَرَتْ is past tense, but the meaning is future/hypothetical.*
لَنْ أُصَدِّقَهُ حَتَّى لَوْ حَلَفَ.
حَلَفَ is past tense, referring to a future hypothetical action.*
كَانَ سَيُسَاعِدُكَ وَلَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُ مَالٌ.
كان سيساعدك) with a hypothetical concessive (ولم يكن).*
مَهْمَا (mahmā)
مَهْمَا conveys a sense of no matter what, however much, whatever, or whenever. It functions as an interrogative pronoun or adverb that has taken on a concessive role. It emphasizes the *extent* or *unspecified nature* of the condition that will not change the outcome.
مَهْمَا + Jussive Verb (مجزوم) or Past Tense Verb (perfect) + Result Clause (often preceded by فَـ (fa-))
مَهْمَا is often in the jussive mood (المجزوم), reflecting its origin as a conditional particle. However, in more colloquial or less formal MSA, the past tense verb is also commonly used.
فَـ (fa-) particle is crucial before the result clause, particularly if the result clause is a nominal sentence (starting with a noun or pronoun), a command, a negative sentence, or a verbal sentence beginning with قد, لن, سوف, سـ, or ما. If the result clause is a simple affirmative verbal sentence in the present tense (without سـ or سوف), فَـ can sometimes be omitted, though its inclusion is generally safer and more common.
مَهْمَا تَفْعَلْ، لَنْ أُغَيِّرَ رَأْيِي.
تَفْعَلْ is jussive. لَنْ أُغَيِّرَ requires فَـ in formal writing, often implied in speech.*
مَهْمَا قَالَ، فَهُوَ كَاذِبٌ.
No matter what he said, he is a liar.
قَالَ is past tense. The nominal result clause هو كاذب *must* be preceded by فَـ.*
مَهْمَا تَشْتَدَّ الصُّعُوبَاتُ، فَالنَّجَاحُ مُمْكِنٌ.
However difficult the challenges become, success is possible.
تَشْتَدَّ is jussive. النجاح ممكن is a nominal sentence, requiring فَـ.*
رَغْمَ أَنَّ (raghma anna), مَعَ أَنَّ (maʿa anna), بِالرَّغْمِ مِنْ أَنَّ (bi-r-raghmi min anna), عَلَى الرَّغْمِ مِنْ أَنَّ (ʿalā ar-raghmi min anna)
although, even though, or despite the fact that.They introduce a full nominal sentence.
رَغْمَ أَنَّ / مَعَ أَنَّ / بِالرَّغْمِ مِنْ أَنَّ / عَلَى الرَّغْمِ مِنْ أَنَّ + Noun/Pronoun in Accusative Case (اسم أَنَّ منصوب) + Predicate (خبر أَنَّ)
رَغْمَ (despite) or مَعَ (with/despite) followed by أَنَّ (that). Remember that أَنَّ is one of the sisters of إِنَّ, which means it takes a noun or pronoun in the accusative case (منصوب) as its subject, and its predicate (خبر) is typically in the nominative case (مرفوع) or can be a prepositional phrase or verb.
رَغْمَ (raghma) alone is a preposition that takes a noun in the genitive case or a مصدر مؤول (verbal noun equivalent). Example: رغم المرض (Despite the illness).
رَغْمَ أَنَّ (raghma anna) introduces a full sentence (جملة اسمية).
رَغْمَ أَنَّهُ مَرِيضٌ، ذَهَبَ إِلَى الْعَمَلِ.
Although he is sick, he went to work.
ـهُ is the accusative pronoun, the subject of أنّ. مَرِيضٌ is its predicate.*
مَعَ أَنَّ الْطَّقْسَ سَيِّئٌ، خَرَجْنَا لِلنُّزْهَةِ.
Even though the weather is bad, we went out for a stroll.
الْطَّقْسَ is accusative, the subject of أنّ. سَيِّئٌ is its predicate.*
عَلَى الرَّغْمِ مِنْ أَنَّ الْكِتَابَ طَوِيلٌ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ مُفِيدٌ جِدًّا.
Despite the fact that the book is long, it is very useful.
إِلَّا أَنَّ (ʾillā ʾanna) in the main clause for emphasis, often used with على الرغم من أن.*
رَغْمَ أَنَّ (raghma anna) | Despite that | Standard, common, generally neutral formality. | Requires a nominal sentence. |
مَعَ أَنَّ (maʿa anna) | With that | Interchangeable with رَغْمَ أَنَّ, slightly more common in speech. | Also requires a nominal sentence. |
بِالرَّغْمِ مِنْ أَنَّ (bi-r-raghmi min anna) | By the despite of that | More formal and emphatic than رَغْمَ أَنَّ. | Often used in academic or legal texts. |
عَلَى الرَّغْمِ مِنْ أَنَّ (ʿalā ar-raghmi min anna) | Upon the despite of that | Very formal, often implies a stronger contrast. Can be followed by إِلَّا أَنَّ. | Common in literary and elevated discourse. |
وَإِنْ (wa-in)
وَلَوْ is standard for hypothetical, classical Arabic and some elevated modern contexts, particularly poetry or religious texts, may use وَإِنْ (wa-in) to mean even if or although. This is the emphatic form of the conditional إِنْ (in – if).
وَإِنْ + Jussive Verb (مجزوم) + Result Clause
فَاصْبِرْ وَإِنْ طَالَ الزَّمَانُ.
So be patient, even if time is long (lit. became long).
طَالَ is past tense here, commonly used after إنْ for a more definite sense. A jussive form would be يطُلْ.*
When To Use It
وَلَوْ, مَهْمَا):وَلَوْ and مَهْمَا are your go-to options. They project confidence that external factors, even if significant, will not deter the core action or belief.- Professional Settings:
سَنُنْجِزُ الْمَشْرُوعَ فِي الْمَوْعِدِ الْمُحَدَّدِ وَلَوْ تَطَلَّبَ ذَلِكَ الْعَمَلَ لَيْلًا وَنَهَارًا.(We will complete the project on time, even if it requires working day and night.) This shows commitment and resolve to stakeholders. - Personal Conviction:
مَهْمَا حَاوَلُوا إِثْبَاطَ عَزِيمَتِي، فَلَنْ أَتَخَلَّى عَنْ حُلْمِي.(No matter how much they try to discourage me, I will not give up my dream.) Here,مهماemphasizes the universality of the opposition and the speaker's unyielding spirit.
رَغْمَ أَنَّ, مَعَ أَنَّ):- Academic Analysis:
رَغْمَ أَنَّ النَّظَرِيَّةَ مُتَطَوِّرَةٌ، إِلَّا أَنَّهَا تَنْقُصُهَا الْبَرَاهِينُ الْعَمَلِيَّةُ.(Although the theory is advanced, it lacks practical evidence.) This allows for a balanced critique, acknowledging merit while pointing out flaws. - Social Observation:
يُسَافِرُ كَثِيرًا مَعَ أَنَّهُ يَكْرَهُ الطَّيَرَانَ.(He travels a lot even though he hates flying.) This highlights an interesting personal paradox.
وَلَوْ / حَتَّى لَوْ | Emphasize hypothetical impossibility/resolve | Strong declarations, promises, warnings. | Reflects strong will and commitment in the face of adversity. |مَهْمَا | Universal non-dependence, intensity | Persistent effort, overcoming obstacles, dramatic statements. | Conveys enduring resolve and steadfastness. |رَغْمَ أَنَّ / مَعَ أَنَّ | Factual contrast, acknowledging reality | Analysis, critiques, nuanced observations, polite disagreement. | Shows intellectual honesty and balanced perspective. |
Common Mistakes
رَغْمَ with رَغْمَ أَنَّ:رَغْمَ (raghma) is a preposition meaning despite or in spite of and must be followed by a noun in the genitive case (مجرور) or a مصدر مؤول (a verbal noun phrase). رَغْمَ أَنَّ (raghma anna) is a conjunction meaning although or despite the fact thatand must be followed by a full nominal sentence (i.e.,
أَنَّ + its subject in the accusative + its predicate).- Incorrect:
رَغْمَ أَنَّ الْمَرَضِ، ذَهَبَ إِلَى الْعَمَلِ.(الْمَرَضِis genitive, butأَنَّrequires accusative). - Correct:
رَغْمَ الْمَرَضِ، ذَهَبَ إِلَى الْعَمَلِ.(Despite the illness, he went to work.) - Correct:
رَغْمَ أَنَّهُ مَرِيضٌ، ذَهَبَ إِلَى الْعَمَلِ.(Although he is sick, he went to work.)
وَلَوْ / حَتَّى لَوْ:وَلَوْ or حَتَّى لَوْ because the English translation even if it rainssounds present or future. However, as discussed, Arabic grammar mandates the past tense verb form (
الفعل الماضي) in these hypothetical concessive clauses, even when the meaning is present or future.- Incorrect:
سَأَذْهَبُ وَلَوْ تُمْطِرُ السَّمَاءُ.(تُمْطِرُis present tense). - Correct:
سَأَذْهَبُ وَلَوْ أَمْطَرَتِ السَّمَاءُ.(I will go even if it rains.)
فَـ (fa-) with مَهْمَا's Result Clause:فَـ (fa-) particle before the result clause of مَهْمَا is a common error, especially when the result is a nominal sentence, a command, or a negative clause. Its inclusion adds clarity and is generally considered more grammatically sound, especially in formal writing.- Incorrect:
مَهْمَا قَالَ، أَنَا لَنْ أُصَدِّقَهُ.(Missingفَـbefore the nominal clauseأَنَا). - Correct:
مَهْمَا قَالَ، فَأَنَا لَنْ أُصَدِّقَهُ.(No matter what he said, I will not believe him.)
أَنَّ (anna) after Concessive Conjunctions:أَنَّ (like إِنَّ) requires its subject to be in the accusative case (منصوب) and its predicate to be in the nominative case (مرفوع) (unless it's a verbal sentence). Learners sometimes forget the case changes, especially with nouns.- Incorrect:
مَعَ أَنَّ الطَّقْسُ سَيِّئٌ، خَرَجْنَا.(الطَّقْسُis nominative). - Correct:
مَعَ أَنَّ الطَّقْسَ سَيِّئٌ، خَرَجْنَا.(Even though the weather is bad, we went out.)
لكن (lākin) for Stronger Concessions:لكن is a valid conjunction for but, it simply contrasts two ideas without the emphatic non-dependence of concessive conditionals. Using لكن when a stronger although or even if is warranted can make your expression less precise and persuasive.- Less impactful:
هو فقير، لكنه كريم.(He is poor, but he is generous.) - More impactful:
رَغْمَ أَنَّهُ فَقِيرٌ، فَهُوَ كَرِيمٌ جِدًّا.(Although he is poor, he is very generous.) – This emphasizes the surprising nature of his generosity despite his poverty.
Real Conversations
Concessive conditionals are not confined to formal texts; they are integral to expressing complex thoughts in everyday Arabic, adapting to various registers from casual chat to professional dialogue. Their usage in modern contexts often reflects a blend of classical precision and colloquial fluidity.
1. Professional and Academic Discourse:
In formal settings, these structures are used to articulate caveats, acknowledge challenges, and present nuanced arguments. They are vital for intellectual honesty and persuasive rhetoric.
- Meeting Discussion: رَغْمَ أَنَّ التَّقْرِيرَ يُشِيرُ إِلَى بَعْضِ التَّحَدِّيَاتِ، إِلَّا أَنَّنَا مُلْتَزِمُونَ بِتَحْقِيقِ الْأَهْدَافِ الْمَطْلُوبَةِ. (Although the report indicates some challenges, we are committed to achieving the required objectives.) – Here, رَغْمَ أَنَّ allows the speaker to acknowledge difficulties without undermining commitment, often followed by إِلَّا أَنَّ for stronger assertion.
- Academic Paper: مَهْمَا اخْتَلَفَتْ مَنَاهِجُ الْبَحْثِ، فَإِنَّ الْهَدَفَ الْأَسَاسِيَّ يَبْقَى فَهْمَ الظَّاهِرَةِ. (No matter how research methodologies differ, the primary goal remains understanding the phenomenon.) – مَهْمَا here highlights a unifying principle despite methodological diversity.
2. Social Media and Texting (Slightly Adapted):
Even in informal digital communication, the core meaning of concessive conditionals persists, though sometimes with slight grammatical leniency or abbreviation. The ability to convey complex relationships in short bursts makes them effective.
- Text Message: بجي ولو الجو حر. لا تشيل هم. (I'll come even if the weather is hot. Don't worry.) – The وَلَوْ retains its classical function of hypothetical non-dependence, indicating resolve.
- Social Media Comment: الصورة حلوة مع انها قديمة. (The picture is nice even though it's old.) – مَعَ أَنَّ is used casually to acknowledge a minor drawback that doesn't negate the positive main statement. The أَنَّ might sometimes be dropped in very casual speech, but its presence is common even in written informal contexts.
3. Everyday Conversation:
In spoken Arabic, the exact syntactic rules might be slightly relaxed, but the functional meaning of the particles is maintained. These structures add depth to everyday explanations and storytelling.
- راح أسويها مهما كانت الصعوبات. (I will do it no matter what the difficulties are.) – مَهْمَا here is used for emphasis, showing determination.
- تعبان رغم إني نمت كويس. (I'm tired even though I slept well.) – This is a common and slightly colloquial usage where أَنَّ is implied or sometimes omitted with رَغْمَ when followed by a verbal sentence, though رَغْمَ أَنِّي is more grammatically formal. It highlights a personal contradiction.
Cultural Observation: In many Arabic-speaking societies, the ability to express oneself with both conviction and a recognition of existing complexities is a highly valued trait. Concessive conditionals allow speakers to demonstrate resilience, intellectual depth, and a sophisticated understanding of cause and effect, even when articulating simple truths. This mirrors a cultural appreciation for steadfastness (الصمود) and nuanced rhetoric (البلاغة).
Quick FAQ
حَتَّى (ḥattā) alone to mean even if?In formal Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), using حَتَّى alone to mean even if is generally not standard for introducing a conditional clause. It usually functions as until or in order to. However, in many Arabic dialects, حَتَّى *can* indeed be used on its own with a similar concessive meaning, especially when preceding a verb. For clear, unambiguous, and grammatically correct MSA, always pair it with لَوْ, forming حَتَّى لَوْ.
رَغْمَ أَنَّ, مَعَ أَنَّ, and بِالرَّغْمِ مِنْ أَنَّ?Yes, there are subtle differences:
رَغْمَ أَنَّis standard and widely used in both formal and semi-formal contexts. It's a solid, neutral choice.مَعَ أَنَّis slightly less formal thanرَغْمَ أَنَّand is very common in spoken Arabic and less formal writing. Semantically, they are nearly identical.بِالرَّغْمِ مِنْ أَنَّandعَلَى الرَّغْمِ مِنْ أَنَّare generally considered more formal and emphatic. They add a stronger sense ofdespite the overwhelming fact that...
and are frequently found in academic papers, official documents, and literary texts. The addition of the prepositionsبِـ(bi-) orعَلَى(ʿalā) andمِنْ(min) intensifies the concessive force.
وَلَوْ when the meaning is present or future?This is a characteristic feature of Arabic conditional grammar, especially with hypothetical (لَوْ) and concessive conditional particles (وَلَوْ, حَتَّى لَوْ). The perfect tense (past tense form) in the conditional clause does not denote past time but rather marks the condition as a completed hypothesis or a hypothetical state of affairs. It signifies that the condition is either contrary to fact, unlikely, or simply a supposition, regardless of its actual temporality. The focus is on the *completion* of the hypothetical setup, not its past occurrence. This allows the main clause to then express its consequence based on that established hypothesis.
إِنْ (in) be used concessively, similar to وَلَوْ?Yes, in classical Arabic and certain elevated or poetic modern contexts, وَإِنْ (wa-in) is indeed used concessively, meaning even if or although. It functions similarly to وَلَوْ for hypothetical conditions, but typically takes a jussive verb (or past tense verb, which often implicitly functions as jussive for إنْ). While وَلَوْ is the more common and general choice in contemporary MSA for hypothetical concession, encountering وَإِنْ in older texts or formal prose is expected. For example, وَإِنْ كَانَ الْحَقُّ مُرًّا (even if the truth is bitter). Its usage often carries a slightly more literary or emphatic tone than وَلَوْ.
Beyond the core structures, you might encounter phrases like مهما يكن من أمر (mahmā yakun min amr – whatever the case may be) or بصرف النظر عن (bi-ṣarfi an-naẓari ʿan – regardless of), which can serve similar concessive functions, often used to bridge ideas or provide a more general disclaimer. However, the particles discussed (وَلَوْ, مَهْمَا, رَغْمَ أَنَّ, etc.) are the primary and most grammatically integrated means of forming concessive clauses directly within sentences. These phrases tend to be more parenthetical or introductory.
Concessive Structure Formation
| Structure | Particle | Followed By | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Hypothetical
|
ولو (walaw)
|
Verb/Noun
|
ولو كنت (even if I were)
|
|
Factual
|
مع أن (ma'a anna)
|
Nominal Sentence
|
مع أنني (although I)
|
Meanings
These structures allow the speaker to acknowledge a fact or condition while simultaneously asserting that the main clause remains true regardless.
Hypothetical Concession
Used for conditions that may or may not happen.
“ولو نجح، لن أكون سعيداً.”
“سأشتريها ولو كانت غالية.”
Factual Concession
Used for established facts that contrast with the main clause.
“مع أن الوقت متأخر، سأكمل عملي.”
“مع أنني متعب، سأخرج معك.”
Reference Table
| 连词 | 阿拉伯语 | 功能 | 后面接什么 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Wa-law
|
ولو
|
即使 (假设性)
|
过去时态动词
|
|
Hatta law
|
حتى لو
|
即使 (强调)
|
过去时态动词
|
|
Mahma
|
مهما
|
无论什么
|
动词 (过去时/主余格)
|
|
Raghma (anna)
|
رغم (أن)
|
尽管 / 尽管有
|
名词 / 后缀 + 句子
|
|
Ma'a anna
|
مع أن
|
即使
|
名词 / 后缀 + 句子
|
|
Kayfama
|
كيفما
|
无论如何 / 无论怎样
|
动词
|
正式程度
سأقوم بذلك ولو كان صعباً. (Personal determination)
سأفعل ذلك ولو كان صعباً. (Personal determination)
حسويها ولو كانت صعبة. (Personal determination)
بخلصها ولو شو ما صار. (Personal determination)
让步连词宇宙
假设性 (也许)
- Wa-law / Hatta law 即使
事实性 (真实)
- Raghma (anna) 尽管
- Ma'a anna 即使
普遍性 (无论什么)
- Mahma 无论什么
- Kayfama 无论如何
“即使” 对比 “尽管”
如何选择连词？
条件是真实的/正在发生的吗？
这是一个假设性的“如果……会怎样”吗？
语法构成要素
连词
- • Wa-law
- • Mahma
- • Raghma
所需动词
- • 过去式 (Kana)
- • 主余格 (Majzum)
连接词
- • Fa (用于结果)
- • Anna (用于名词)
按水平分级的例句
سأدرس ولو كنت متعباً.
I will study even if I am tired.
سأذهب ولو كان الجو بارداً.
I will go even if the weather is cold.
سأشتري هذا ولو كان غالياً.
I will buy this even if it is expensive.
سأساعدك ولو كنت مشغولاً.
I will help you even if I am busy.
مع أنني متعب، سأعمل.
Although I am tired, I will work.
سأحاول ولو فشلت.
I will try even if I fail.
مع أن الفيلم طويل، هو ممتع.
Although the movie is long, it is fun.
سأصل ولو تأخرت.
I will arrive even if I am late.
سأقبل الوظيفة ولو كان الراتب قليلاً.
I will accept the job even if the salary is low.
مع أنني لا أتفق معه، أحترمه.
Although I don't agree with him, I respect him.
سأنهي التقرير ولو كان صعباً.
I will finish the report even if it is difficult.
مع أن الوقت متأخر، سأقرأ.
Although it is late, I will read.
سألتزم بالخطة ولو واجهنا صعوبات.
I will stick to the plan even if we face difficulties.
مع أن المشروع مكلف، هو ضروري.
Although the project is expensive, it is necessary.
سأستمر في المحاولة ولو لم ينجح أحد.
I will continue trying even if no one succeeds.
مع أنني درست جيداً، الامتحان كان صعباً.
Although I studied well, the exam was hard.
سأدافع عن رأيي ولو عارضني الجميع.
I will defend my opinion even if everyone opposes me.
مع أن النتائج غير متوقعة، سنستمر.
Although the results are unexpected, we will continue.
سأحقق هدفي ولو طال الزمن.
I will achieve my goal even if it takes a long time.
مع أن التحديات كبيرة، نحن مستعدون.
Although the challenges are great, we are ready.
سأظل متمسكاً بمبادئي ولو كلفني ذلك الكثير.
I will remain committed to my principles even if it costs me a lot.
مع أن النظرية تبدو معقدة، هي منطقية.
Although the theory seems complex, it is logical.
سأواجه الحقيقة ولو كانت مؤلمة.
I will face the truth even if it is painful.
مع أن التغيير صعب، هو ضرورة حتمية.
Although change is difficult, it is an inevitable necessity.
容易混淆
Both contrast ideas.
常见错误
ولو أنا متعب
ولو كنت متعباً
مع أن الجو بارد
مع أن الجوَّ باردٌ
ولو هو يذهب
ولو ذهب
مع أنني كنت أذهب
مع أنني ذهبت
句型
سأفعل ___ ولو كان ___
Real World Usage
سأجي ولو تأخرت
“ كان ”的小技巧
不要重复使用
戏剧感爆棚
Smart Tips
Use ma'a anna for stronger arguments.
发音
Stress
Stress the first syllable of 'walaw'.
Rising-Falling
Walaw... (rise) ...it is hard (fall).
Shows determination.
记住它
记忆技巧
Walaw is for 'What if' (hypothetical), Ma'a anna is for 'Matter of fact' (factual).
视觉联想
Imagine a wall (Walaw) that you are climbing over despite it being high. Imagine a map (Ma'a) showing a fact you are looking at.
Rhyme
Walaw for the dream, Ma'a anna for the scene.
Story
Ali wanted to climb a mountain. He said, 'I will climb it, walaw it is dangerous.' He looked at the map and said, 'Ma'a anna the path is long, I will finish it.'
Word Web
挑战
Write 3 sentences about your day using 'walaw' and 3 using 'ma'a anna'.
文化笔记
Often use 'walaw' as a standalone expression of 'you're welcome' or 'of course'.
Derived from 'wa' (and) + 'law' (if).
对话开场白
هل ستسافر ولو كان الجو سيئاً؟
日记主题
常见错误
Test Yourself
___ أن السيارة قديمة، إلا أنها تعمل جيداً.
Choose the correct translation for: 'I will go even if I am tired.'
Find and fix the mistake:
مهما تفعل، أنا أحبك.
Score: /3
练习题
1 exercisesسأذهب ___ كان الجو بارداً.
Score: /1
Practice Bank
12 exercises___ كان الثمن، سأدفعه.
Match the items:
الطقس / بارداً / سأخرج / ولو / كان
رغم أنه درس كثيراً، ___
翻译: 'No matter where you go.'
رغم هو مريض، جاء.
سأسافر مع أن الوقت ___.
Difference between 'Wa-law' and 'Raghma'?
الصين / اطلبوا / ولو / العلم / في
___ كانت النتيجة، أنا فخور بك.
Even if you are busy...
مهما تقولُ لن أسمعك.
Score: /12
常见问题 (1)
No, use ma'a anna.
Scaffolded Practice
1
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
aunque
Spanish uses subjunctive mood after aunque in some cases.
même si
French requires specific tense agreement.
auch wenn
German word order changes.
tatoe
Japanese uses particles at the end of the clause.
即使
Chinese has no verb conjugation.
ولو
None.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
Related Grammar Rules
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