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جُمْلَة

A2 noun #1,500 最常用 14分钟阅读

جُمْلَة

jumlah 前1,500

At the A1 level, learners are introduced to the absolute basics of Arabic vocabulary, and the word جُمْلَة (jumla) is encountered almost immediately in the context of the classroom. For a beginner, this word simply means 'sentence'. It is a highly practical noun used by teachers to give instructions. A student at this level will hear phrases like 'اكتب جملة' (Write a sentence) or 'اقرأ الجملة' (Read the sentence). The focus is entirely on recognizing the word as a label for the grammatical unit they are trying to construct. They learn that a sentence is made up of words (kalimat) and that it needs to make sense. At this stage, there is no need to delve into the complex rules of nominal versus verbal sentences, nor is there any exposure to the commercial meaning of 'wholesale'. The goal is simply functional recognition. When looking at a textbook, the heading 'الجمل' (al-jumal - the sentences) tells them what they are about to read or practice. They might learn to describe a sentence simply, using basic adjectives, such as saying 'جملة طويلة' (a long sentence) or 'جملة قصيرة' (a short sentence). The interaction with the word is straightforward, literal, and entirely confined to the educational environment, serving as a foundational meta-linguistic term that helps them navigate their early Arabic studies.

As learners progress to the A2 level, their understanding of جُمْلَة (jumla) deepens significantly, particularly within the realm of grammar. They are no longer just writing random sentences; they are beginning to understand Arabic syntax. At this stage, the critical distinction between 'الجملة الاسمية' (al-jumla al-ismiyya - the nominal sentence) and 'الجملة الفعلية' (al-jumla al-fi'liyya - the verbal sentence) is introduced. This is a major milestone in Arabic learning. An A2 student knows that a nominal sentence starts with a noun and typically describes a state, while a verbal sentence starts with a verb and describes an action. They use the word 'jumla' constantly when analyzing their own writing or reading simple texts. Furthermore, they might begin to encounter the plural form, 'جُمَل' (jumal), more frequently as they read short paragraphs. While the primary focus remains grammatical, an A2 learner living in an Arabic-speaking country might also start noticing the word on shop signs (بيع بالجملة - wholesale), though they may not fully grasp the commercial mechanics yet. Their vocabulary is expanding to include words that connect sentences, like 'و' (and) or 'لكن' (but), allowing them to form compound sentences. The word 'jumla' thus transitions from a simple classroom instruction to a core concept they actively manipulate to express more complex thoughts.

At the B1 level, the learner's interaction with the word جُمْلَة (jumla) expands beyond the classroom and grammar books into practical, everyday life and more nuanced communication. Grammatically, they are comfortable with complex sentence structures, including conditional sentences (جملة الشرط) and relative clauses (جملة الصلة). They use the word to discuss the mechanics of the language with ease. However, the most significant expansion at this level is the active use of its commercial meaning. A B1 learner can confidently navigate a market and ask, 'هل تبيع بالجملة أم بالمفرق؟' (Do you sell wholesale or retail?). They understand the economic implications of buying 'bil-jumla' and can use it in practical negotiations. Additionally, they begin to use the abstract forms of the word to structure their speech and writing. They might use the phrase 'في الجملة' (in summary / overall) to conclude a short presentation or an essay. This shows a developing ability to use language not just to convey basic facts, but to organize thoughts and provide a macro-perspective. The word is no longer just a label for a grammatical unit; it is a versatile tool used for economic transactions and rhetorical structuring, reflecting the B1 learner's growing independence and fluency in diverse contexts.

Reaching the B2 level indicates a high degree of fluency, and the usage of جُمْلَة (jumla) reflects this sophistication. Grammatically, the learner is dealing with advanced syntactic analysis (I'rab), where they must identify the grammatical function of an entire sentence within a larger structure (e.g., a sentence functioning as an adjective or an object). They understand concepts like 'جملة لها محل من الإعراب' (a sentence that has a grammatical position). Beyond grammar, their use of the word in its abstract and idiomatic senses becomes highly natural. They can confidently deploy powerful rhetorical phrases like 'أرفض هذا جملة وتفصيلاً' (I reject this completely and utterly) in debates or formal discussions. They understand the subtle nuances between summarizing with 'في الجملة' versus other similar phrases. In professional or academic settings, they can read and comprehend complex texts where 'jumla' refers to the totality of a concept or a large grouping of items. The commercial usage is fully integrated into their vocabulary, allowing them to discuss economic trends, supply chains, and business models using terms like 'تجارة الجملة' (wholesale trade) with precision. At B2, the word is fully unlocked, serving as a multi-faceted instrument for advanced expression, argumentation, and specialized communication.

At the C1 level, the learner possesses an advanced, near-native command of the language, and their understanding of جُمْلَة (jumla) is comprehensive and deeply rooted in Arabic linguistic tradition. They are capable of reading classical Arabic texts, literature, and complex academic papers where the word might be used in highly stylized or archaic ways. In grammar, they can debate the finer points of syntax, discussing the historical development of sentence structure theories among ancient Arab grammarians. They understand the philosophical underpinnings of why Arabic categorizes sentences the way it does. Rhetorically, they use the word and its derivatives with effortless precision, employing it to craft persuasive arguments, write elegant essays, and deliver formal speeches. They can play with the root meaning (gathering/totality) to create nuanced literary effects. In professional contexts, such as law or advanced economics, they understand highly specialized usages of the term. A C1 user doesn't just know what the word means; they know how it feels, its weight in a sentence, and its historical resonance. They can easily navigate the subtle semantic shifts between 'sentence', 'wholesale', and 'totality' without any conscious effort, demonstrating a profound mastery of Arabic vocabulary and its intricate web of meanings.

At the C2 level, the mastery of the word جُمْلَة (jumla) is absolute, mirroring that of a highly educated native speaker, such as a scholar, writer, or seasoned orator. The user at this level can deconstruct the word etymologically, tracing its root (ج-م-ل) through its various manifestations in classical poetry, Quranic exegesis (Tafsir), and historical treatises. They are intimately familiar with how classical grammarians like Sibawayh utilized the concept of the 'jumla' to build the entire edifice of Arabic syntax. In contemporary usage, they can employ the word in the most complex and demanding rhetorical situations, using phrases like 'جملة القول' (the summary of the speech) or 'على الجملة' (as a whole) with perfect stylistic appropriateness. They can effortlessly switch registers, using it to negotiate a multi-million dollar wholesale contract in one moment, and then using it to analyze the syntactic structure of a 10th-century poem the next. At this pinnacle of language proficiency, the word is not merely a tool for communication; it is an object of linguistic appreciation. The C2 user understands the cultural and historical weight carried by the concept of 'totality' and 'structure' inherent in the word, utilizing it to express the most profound and complex ideas with unparalleled elegance and precision.

开始练习例句笔记与提示

جُمْلَة 30秒了解

Grammatically means 'sentence'.
Commercially means 'wholesale'.
Abstractly means 'totality'.
Root relates to gathering/beauty.

The Arabic word جُمْلَة (jumla) is a highly versatile and fundamental term in the Arabic language, carrying multiple layers of meaning depending entirely on the context in which it is utilized. At its most basic and widely recognized level, particularly for learners of the language, it translates to 'sentence' in the grammatical sense. A sentence in Arabic, much like in English, is defined as a set of words that is complete in itself, conveying a full and independent thought, typically containing a subject and a predicate, and often a verb. However, the richness of Arabic vocabulary means that this word extends far beyond mere grammar. The root of the word, jeem-meem-laam (ج-م-ل), is associated with concepts of gathering, collecting, totality, and even beauty. This underlying concept of 'gathering things together into a whole' perfectly explains its secondary, yet equally important, meanings. In commercial and everyday contexts, جُمْلَة means 'wholesale' or 'in bulk', referring to goods sold in large quantities rather than individually. Furthermore, it can mean 'totality', 'group', or 'the whole of something'. Understanding these distinct yet conceptually connected meanings is crucial for achieving fluency and comprehension in both written and spoken Arabic across various domains, from academic settings to bustling marketplaces.

Grammatical Context: In grammar, it refers to a complete syntactic unit, divided primarily into nominal sentences (starting with a noun) and verbal sentences (starting with a verb), forming the backbone of Arabic syntax and communication.

This is a beautiful sentence. هَذِهِ جُمْلَةٌ جَمِيلَةٌ.

When we delve deeper into the grammatical application, Arabic categorizes sentences in a way that might be unfamiliar to speakers of Indo-European languages. The distinction between a Jumla Ismiyya (Nominal Sentence) and a Jumla Fi'liyya (Verbal Sentence) is not just a matter of word order, but of fundamental structural philosophy. A nominal sentence focuses on a state of being or a description, inherently carrying a sense of permanence or established fact, whereas a verbal sentence emphasizes action, occurrence, and temporal events. This dual structure allows Arabic to express nuances of meaning and emphasis with remarkable precision and elegance.

The verbal sentence begins with a verb. تَبْدَأُ الْجُمْلَةُ الْفِعْلِيَّةُ بِفِعْلٍ.

Commercial Context: In the world of trade and commerce, the term shifts to mean 'wholesale', indicating the sale of goods in large quantities, typically to retailers rather than direct consumers, highlighting the 'totality' aspect of the root.

Moving away from grammar, the commercial usage of جُمْلَة is ubiquitous in Arab markets and business environments. When you see a sign saying 'بيع بالجملة' (Bay' bil-jumla), it immediately signals that the establishment is a wholesaler. This concept is vital for anyone engaging in business, trade, or even everyday shopping in the Middle East and North Africa. The contrast here is with the word 'مفرق' (mafraq) or 'تجزئة' (tajzi'a), which mean retail. Understanding this distinction can save you money and clarify business negotiations. The idea of 'wholesale' perfectly aligns with the root meaning of gathering things together into a single, large entity or transaction.

We sell wholesale only. نَحْنُ نَبِيعُ بِالْجُمْلَةِ فَقَطْ.

Wholesale prices are lower. أَسْعَارُ الْجُمْلَةِ أَقَلُّ.

Abstract Context: Abstractly, it signifies the entirety, the whole, or the general sum of something, often used in phrases to mean 'in general' or 'altogether', providing a macro perspective on a subject or situation.

Finally, the abstract usage of the word encapsulates the idea of totality. Phrases like 'جملة وتفصيلاً' (jumlatan wa tafseelan), meaning 'in whole and in detail' or 'completely and utterly', showcase this perfectly. When someone rejects an idea 'jumlatan wa tafseelan', they are rejecting every single aspect of it, from the broad concept down to the minutiae. Similarly, 'في الجملة' (fil-jumla) can translate to 'on the whole' or 'generally speaking'. This demonstrates the profound interconnectedness of Arabic vocabulary, where a single root concept—gathering or totality—branches out to describe the structure of language, the mechanics of commerce, and abstract philosophical completeness.

I reject the proposal completely. أَرْفُضُ الاِقْتِرَاحَ جُمْلَةً وَتَفْصِيلاً.

Mastering the usage of جُمْلَة (jumla) requires an understanding of the specific prepositional phrases and collocations that accompany it in its various contexts. Because the word serves multiple distinct functions—grammatical, commercial, and abstract—the way it is integrated into a sentence changes significantly based on the intended meaning. For learners, the most frequent initial encounter with this word will be in the language classroom, where it is used straightforwardly as a noun to refer to sentences you are reading, writing, or analyzing. In this context, it behaves like any standard feminine noun, taking adjectives that agree with it in gender, number, and definiteness. You will frequently hear instructors ask you to 'write a useful sentence' (اكتب جملة مفيدة) or 'translate this sentence' (ترجم هذه الجملة). The adjective 'mufida' (useful/meaningful) is almost permanently attached to 'jumla' in traditional Arabic grammar instruction, emphasizing that a sentence must convey a complete, understandable thought to be considered valid.

In the Classroom: Use it as a direct object or subject when discussing language exercises, translation, or grammatical analysis, often paired with adjectives like 'long', 'short', 'nominal', or 'verbal'.

Read the first sentence aloud. اِقْرَأِ الْجُمْلَةَ الْأُولَى بِصَوْتٍ عَالٍ.

When transitioning to the commercial sphere, the usage shifts entirely. Here, جُمْلَة is rarely used alone; it is almost always part of a prepositional phrase, most commonly 'بالجملة' (bil-jumla), meaning 'by wholesale' or 'in bulk'. This phrase functions as an adverbial modifier describing how an action (like buying or selling) is performed, or as an adjectival phrase describing a noun (like a merchant or a market). For instance, 'تاجر جملة' (tajir jumla) means 'wholesale merchant'. You will use this when discussing supply chains, business models, or simply trying to buy a large quantity of goods for a cheaper price. The grammatical structure here relies heavily on the Idafa (genitive construction) or prepositional attachment, making it a fixed expression in the commercial lexicon.

He buys goods wholesale. يَشْتَرِي الْبَضَائِعَ بِالْجُمْلَةِ.

In Business: Employ the phrase 'bil-jumla' to describe the method of transaction, or use it in Idafa constructions like 'suq al-jumla' (wholesale market) to specify locations or roles.

In more advanced, abstract, or formal discourse, the word is used to summarize or to express totality. The phrase 'في الجملة' (fil-jumla) is an excellent transitional phrase for writing or formal speaking, equivalent to 'overall', 'in summary', or 'generally speaking'. It allows the speaker to pull back from specific details and offer a concluding, overarching thought. Another powerful rhetorical device is the phrase 'جملة وتفصيلاً' (jumlatan wa tafseelan). This is used for absolute, categorical statements, usually rejections or denials. It means you are rejecting the thing in its entirety (jumlatan) and in all its specific details (tafseelan). Using these phrases elevates your Arabic from intermediate to advanced, demonstrating a grasp of idiomatic and rhetorical structures.

Overall, the situation is improving. فِي الْجُمْلَةِ، الْوَضْعُ يَتَحَسَّنُ.

The idea was rejected completely. رُفِضَتِ الْفِكْرَةُ جُمْلَةً وَتَفْصِيلاً.

In Formal Speech: Utilize phrases like 'fil-jumla' to summarize arguments, providing a sophisticated transition that indicates a comprehensive view of the topic at hand.

He explained the matter in summary. شَرَحَ الْأَمْرَ فِي الْجُمْلَةِ.

The environments where you will encounter the word جُمْلَة (jumla) are as varied as its meanings, making it a high-frequency word across completely different spheres of life in the Arab world. The most immediate and common environment for any student of the language is, unsurprisingly, the educational setting. From primary schools in Arabic-speaking countries to university-level language courses worldwide, this word echoes through the halls. Teachers use it constantly to instruct students on reading, writing, and grammar. You will hear it in commands, in textbook instructions, and during exams. It is the fundamental building block of language instruction. Whenever syntax, grammar rules, or text comprehension is being discussed, the word is unavoidable. It is the canvas upon which the rules of Nahw (Arabic syntax) are painted.

Educational Institutions: Schools, universities, and language centers are prime locations, where it is used to discuss the mechanics of language, reading assignments, and writing exercises.

The teacher wrote a sentence on the board. كَتَبَ الْمُعَلِّمُ جُمْلَةً عَلَى السَّبُّورَةِ.

Stepping out of the classroom and into the bustling streets of any Arab city, the context shifts dramatically to the commercial districts. Industrial areas, large markets (souqs), and import/export hubs are plastered with this word. Signage above large warehouses or specialized stores will prominently feature the phrase 'بيع بالجملة' (Wholesale). If you visit areas like Al-Muski in Cairo, the wholesale markets in Deira, Dubai, or the traditional souqs of Damascus and Amman, this word is the lifeblood of the local economy. Merchants shout it, buyers negotiate based on it, and business cards display it to indicate the scale of their operations. In this environment, hearing the word means you are dealing with large quantities, bulk logistics, and B2B (business-to-business) commerce.

This is the central wholesale market. هَذَا هُوَ سُوقُ الْجُمْلَةِ الْمَرْكَزِيُّ.

Commercial Districts: Warehouses, souqs, and business centers use it extensively to denote bulk trade, distinguishing wholesale operations from retail shops.

Furthermore, you will hear the abstract forms of the word in formal broadcasts, news reports, political speeches, and academic lectures. When a news anchor summarizes a complex geopolitical event, they might use 'في الجملة' (overall) to give the audience a synthesized view of the situation. In political debates or legal proceedings, the emphatic 'جملة وتفصيلاً' (completely and utterly) is frequently deployed by speakers to categorically deny accusations or reject proposals. This usage highlights the word's capacity to function as a powerful rhetorical tool in high-register Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). Therefore, whether you are analyzing a poem, buying a hundred kilos of rice, or listening to a parliamentary debate, this versatile word will undoubtedly make an appearance.

The minister rejected the accusations completely. رَفَضَ الْوَزِيرُ الِاتِّهَامَاتِ جُمْلَةً وَتَفْصِيلاً.

Generally speaking, the results were positive. فِي الْجُمْلَةِ، كَانَتِ النَّتَائِجُ إِيجَابِيَّةً.

Media and Politics: News broadcasts, debates, and formal speeches utilize its abstract forms to summarize complex issues or issue categorical denials.

He spoke about the issue in its entirety. تَحَدَّثَ عَنِ الْقَضِيَّةِ بِجُمْلَتِهَا.

When learning and using the word جُمْلَة (jumla), students often fall into a few predictable traps, primarily stemming from direct translation from their native languages or confusion between its distinct meanings. One of the most frequent grammatical mistakes is confusing it with the word عِبَارَة (ibara), which translates to 'phrase' or 'expression'. In English, people sometimes use 'phrase' and 'sentence' interchangeably in casual conversation, but in Arabic grammar, the distinction is strict. A 'jumla' must be a complete thought, typically containing a subject and predicate (and often a verb), whereas an 'ibara' is a group of words that functions as a single unit but does not necessarily form a complete thought. Calling a simple prepositional phrase a 'jumla' in an Arabic class will quickly draw a correction from the teacher.

Sentence vs. Phrase: Do not use 'jumla' to refer to incomplete thoughts or simple phrases; use 'ibara' for expressions and reserve 'jumla' for grammatically complete sentences.

This is a phrase, not a sentence. هَذِهِ عِبَارَةٌ وَلَيْسَتْ جُمْلَةً.

Another common area of confusion arises in the commercial context. Learners who know the word only as 'sentence' are often deeply confused when they see it on a storefront. They might attempt to translate 'بيع بالجملة' literally as 'selling by the sentence', which makes no sense. It is crucial to mentally separate the grammatical meaning from the commercial meaning. Furthermore, even when learners understand it means 'wholesale', they might use it incorrectly in a sentence. They might say 'أنا أشتري جملة' (I buy wholesale) without the necessary preposition, whereas the correct, natural phrasing requires the preposition 'bi' (بـ), making it 'أنا أشتري بالجملة' (I buy by wholesale/in bulk). Omitting the preposition makes the sentence sound awkward and grammatically incomplete to a native speaker.

He sells in bulk (wholesale). هُوَ يَبِيعُ بِالْجُمْلَةِ.

Missing Prepositions: Failing to use the preposition 'bi' (بـ) before 'jumla' when intending the meaning of 'wholesale' is a frequent syntactic error among learners.

Finally, there is a pronunciation and spelling mistake that occurs occasionally. The word is pronounced with a Damma (short 'u' sound) on the Jeem: جُمْلَة (jumla). Some learners, confusing it with the word for camel, جَمَل (jamal), might mispronounce it or misspell it if they are not paying attention to the short vowels. While the context usually makes it clear whether you are talking about a sentence or a desert animal, pronouncing it 'jamla' or 'jamal' when you mean 'sentence' is a noticeable error. Additionally, in abstract phrases like 'جملة وتفصيلاً', learners sometimes forget the accusative ending (tanween fatha) which is grammatically required because the words function as absolute objects (maf'ul mutlaq) or adverbs of manner (hal) in the sentence structure. Mastering these nuances ensures your Arabic sounds natural and precise.

Pay attention to the short vowel on the first letter. اِنْتَبِهْ لِلْحَرَكَةِ الْقَصِيرَةِ عَلَى الْحَرْفِ الْأَوَّلِ.

The camel is not a sentence. الْجَمَلُ لَيْسَ جُمْلَةً.

Vowel Confusion: Mispronouncing the initial Damma (u) as a Fatha (a), confusing the word for 'sentence' with the word for 'camel'.

Write a correct sentence. اُكْتُبْ جُمْلَةً صَحِيحَةً.

To fully grasp the precise meaning and application of جُمْلَة (jumla), it is highly beneficial to compare it with similar words in the Arabic lexicon. Because 'jumla' operates in grammatical, commercial, and abstract spheres, its synonyms and related terms also fall into these distinct categories. In the realm of grammar and writing, the most closely related words are عِبَارَة (ibara), فَقْرَة (faqra), and كَلِمَة (kalima). As discussed previously, an 'ibara' is a phrase or expression—a unit of language smaller than a sentence that does not necessarily convey a complete, independent thought. A 'kalima' is a single word, the fundamental building block of both phrases and sentences. On the other end of the spectrum, a 'faqra' is a paragraph, which is a collection of sentences (jumal) organized around a single main idea. Understanding this hierarchy—from kalima to ibara to jumla to faqra—is essential for any student learning to write and analyze Arabic texts.

Linguistic Hierarchy: Understand the progression: Kalima (word) builds an Ibara (phrase), which builds a Jumla (sentence), which builds a Faqra (paragraph).

The paragraph consists of several sentences. تَتَكَوَّنُ الْفَقْرَةُ مِنْ عِدَّةِ جُمَلٍ.

Shifting to the commercial meaning of 'wholesale', the direct antonym is crucial for context. The opposite of selling 'bil-jumla' (wholesale) is selling 'bil-mafraq' (بالمفرق) or 'bit-tajzi'a' (بالتجزئة), both of which mean 'retail' or selling items individually. The word 'tajzi'a' comes from the root for 'part' or 'portion', perfectly contrasting with the 'totality' implied by 'jumla'. When discussing business models, you will constantly hear these terms contrasted. A 'tajir jumla' (wholesale merchant) supplies a 'tajir tajzi'a' (retail merchant). Recognizing these opposing terms helps solidify the meaning of 'jumla' in a business context, ensuring you understand exactly what type of transaction is taking place.

Retail trade is different from wholesale trade. تِجَارَةُ التَّجْزِئَةِ تَخْتَلِفُ عَنْ تِجَارَةِ الْجُمْلَةِ.

Commercial Opposites: Contrast 'Jumla' (wholesale) with 'Tajzi'a' or 'Mafraq' (retail) to understand the full spectrum of commercial transactions.

In the abstract sense of 'totality' or 'summary', words like مَجْمُوع (majmu' - total/sum), كُلِّيَّة (kulliyya - entirety), and خُلَاصَة (khulasa - summary/essence) occupy similar semantic space. When you say 'في الجملة' (overall/in summary), it is similar in function to saying 'بشكل عام' (bishakl 'amm - in general) or 'خلاصة القول' (khulasat al-qawl - the summary of the matter). However, 'jumla' carries a specific nuance of gathering disparate parts into a single, unified whole. It is less about mathematical addition (like majmu') and more about conceptual completeness. By comparing these terms, learners can choose the exact word that fits the precise rhetorical nuance they wish to convey, moving beyond basic vocabulary into advanced, expressive Arabic.

In general, the weather is good. بِشَكْلٍ عَامٍّ، الطَّقْسُ جَيِّدٌ.

The total number of students is fifty. مَجْمُوعُ الطُّلَّابِ خَمْسُونَ.

Abstract Synonyms: Words like 'Majmu'' (total) and 'Khulasa' (summary) share conceptual space but have different rhetorical nuances compared to the totality implied by 'Jumla'.

This is a short phrase. هَذِهِ عِبَارَةٌ قَصِيرَةٌ.

How Formal Is It?

正式

非正式

俚语

难度评级

需要掌握的语法

按水平分级的例句

هَذِهِ جُمْلَةٌ قَصِيرَةٌ.

This is a short sentence.

Basic nominal sentence using a demonstrative pronoun and an adjective.

اُكْتُبْ جُمْلَةً فِي الدَّفْتَرِ.

Write a sentence in the notebook.

Imperative verb followed by an indefinite object.

أَنَا أَقْرَأُ جُمْلَةً.

I am reading a sentence.

Present tense verb with a direct object.

الْجُمْلَةُ صَعْبَةٌ.

The sentence is difficult.

Simple nominal sentence (subject and predicate).

هَلْ هَذِهِ جُمْلَةٌ صَحِيحَةٌ؟

Is this a correct sentence?

Question structure using 'Hal' with an adjective agreement.

أُرِيدُ جُمْلَةً جَدِيدَةً.

I want a new sentence.

Verb 'to want' followed by an object and adjective.

الْمُعَلِّمُ يَقُولُ جُمْلَةً.

The teacher says a sentence.

Verbal sentence structure starting with the subject.

هَذِهِ جُمْلَةٌ مُفِيدَةٌ.

This is a useful (meaningful) sentence.

Common collocation 'jumla mufida' used in basic grammar.

الْجُمْلَةُ الِاسْمِيَّةُ تَبْدَأُ بِاسْمٍ.

The nominal sentence starts with a noun.

Introduction of grammatical terminology (nominal sentence).

الْجُمْلَةُ الْفِعْلِيَّةُ تَبْدَأُ بِفِعْلٍ.

The verbal sentence starts with a verb.

Introduction of grammatical terminology (verbal sentence).

كَتَبْتُ جُمْلَتَيْنِ فِي الِامْتِحَانِ.

I wrote two sentences in the exam.

Use of the dual form (jumlatayn) in the accusative case.

هَذَا الْمَتْجَرُ يَبِيعُ بِالْجُمْلَةِ.

This store sells wholesale.

First introduction of the commercial meaning using the preposition 'bi'.

رَبَطْتُ بَيْنَ الْجُمْلَتَيْنِ بِحَرْفِ عَطْفٍ.

I connected the two sentences with a conjunction.

Using prepositions and dual forms to discuss sentence structure.

فَهِمْتُ مَعْنَى الْجُمْلَةِ.

I understood the meaning of the sentence.

Idafa (genitive) construction: 'meaning of the sentence'.

الْفَقْرَةُ تَتَكَوَّنُ مِنْ خَمْسِ جُمَلٍ.

The paragraph consists of five sentences.

Use of the plural form 'jumal' with numbers 3-10.

أَسْعَارُ الْجُمْلَةِ رَخِيصَةٌ.

Wholesale prices are cheap.

Idafa construction using the commercial meaning.

اشْتَرَى التَّاجِرُ الْبَضَائِعَ بِالْجُمْلَةِ لِيَبِيعَهَا بِالتَّجْزِئَةِ.

The merchant bought the goods wholesale to sell them retail.

Contrasting 'wholesale' and 'retail' in a complex sentence.

فِي الْجُمْلَةِ، كَانَتِ الرِّحْلَةُ مُمْتِعَةً رَغْمَ بَعْضِ الْمَشَاكِلِ.

Overall, the trip was enjoyable despite some problems.

Using 'fil-jumla' as an abstract summarizing phrase.

يَجِبُ أَنْ تَكُونَ الْجُمْلَةُ الشَّرْطِيَّةُ مُكْتَمِلَةَ الْأَرْكَانِ.

The conditional sentence must have complete components.

Advanced grammatical terminology (conditional sentence).

سُوقُ الْجُمْلَةِ يَفْتَحُ أَبْوَابَهُ فِي الصَّبَاحِ الْبَاكِرِ.

The wholesale market opens its doors early in the morning.

Using 'suq al-jumla' as a specific location/concept.

تَرْجَمَةُ هَذِهِ الْجُمْلَةِ تَتَطَلَّبُ فَهْماً عَمِيقاً لِلسِّيَاقِ.

Translating this sentence requires a deep understanding of the context.

Using the word as the subject of a complex verbal sentence.

رَفَضَ الْمُدِيرُ الْخُطَّةَ جُمْلَةً وَتَفْصِيلاً.

The manager rejected the plan completely and utterly.

Introduction of the powerful rhetorical idiom 'jumlatan wa tafseelan'.

تَحْتَوِي هَذِهِ الْمَقَالَةُ عَلَى جُمَلٍ مُعَقَّدَةٍ جِدّاً.

This article contains very complex sentences.

Using the plural form with an adjective describing complexity.

هَلْ يُمْكِنُكَ صِيَاغَةُ الْجُمْلَةِ بِطَرِيقَةٍ أُخْرَى؟

Can you formulate the sentence in another way?

Using 'jumla' as the object of a verbal noun (formulation).

إِعْرَابُ هَذِهِ الْجُمْلَةِ يُوَضِّحُ مَوْقِعَهَا مِنَ النَّصِّ.

The grammatical analysis of this sentence clarifies its position in the text.

Discussing advanced syntax (I'rab) of entire sentences.

تِجَارَةُ الْجُمْلَةِ تُعَدُّ عَصَبَ الِاقْتِصَادِ فِي هَذِهِ الْمِنْطَقَةِ.

Wholesale trade is considered the backbone of the economy in this region.

Using the commercial term in a macro-economic context.

الْجُمْلَةُ الِاعْتِرَاضِيَّةُ تُوضَعُ بَيْنَ شَرْطَتَيْنِ لِلتَّوْضِيحِ.

The parenthetical sentence is placed between two dashes for clarification.

Specific grammatical term for a parenthetical or interrupting clause.

بَعْدَ مُنَاقَشَةٍ طَوِيلَةٍ، اتَّفَقْنَا عَلَى الْأَمْرِ فِي الْجُمْلَةِ.

After a long discussion, we agreed on the matter in principle (overall).

Nuanced use of 'fil-jumla' to mean 'in principle' or 'broadly speaking'.

شَرِكَتُنَا مُتَخَصِّصَةٌ فِي اسْتِيرَادِ الْمَوَادِّ الْغِذَائِيَّةِ بِالْجُمْلَةِ.

Our company specializes in importing foodstuff wholesale.

Professional business context using 'bil-jumla'.

لَا يُمْكِنُ قَبُولُ هَذَا الِادِّعَاءِ جُمْلَةً وَتَفْصِيلاً لِافْتِقَارِهِ لِلْأَدِلَّةِ.

This claim cannot be accepted in whole or in detail due to its lack of evidence.

Formal, legalistic use of the idiom for absolute rejection.

الْجُمْلَةُ الْوَاقِعَةُ خَبَراً تَكُونُ فِي مَحَلِّ رَفْعٍ.

The sentence functioning as a predicate is in the nominative position.

Highly technical grammatical analysis of sentence functions.

تَأَثَّرَتْ أَسْعَارُ الْجُمْلَةِ بِتَقَلُّبَاتِ السُّوقِ الْعَالَمِيَّةِ.

Wholesale prices were affected by global market fluctuations.

Economic reporting context.

يَرَى النُّحَاةُ أَنَّ الْجُمْلَةَ هِيَ الْوَحْدَةُ الْأَسَاسِيَّةُ لِبِنَاءِ الْمَعْنَى التَّامِّ.

Grammarians consider the sentence to be the fundamental unit for building complete meaning.

Academic discourse on linguistic theory.

تَحْتَكِرُ بَعْضُ الشَّرِكَاتِ الْكُبْرَى قِطَاعَ الْجُمْلَةِ مِمَّا يُؤَثِّرُ عَلَى صِغَارِ التُّجَّارِ.

Some major companies monopolize the wholesale sector, which affects small merchants.

Complex socio-economic analysis.

جُمْلَةُ الْقَوْلِ أَنَّ الْأَزْمَةَ تَتَطَلَّبُ حُلُولاً جَذْرِيَّةً وَلَيْسَ مُسَكِّنَاتٍ.

The summary of the matter is that the crisis requires radical solutions, not painkillers.

Advanced rhetorical phrase 'jumlat al-qawl' for summarizing an argument.

إِنَّ نَفْيَ التُّهْمَةِ جُمْلَةً وَتَفْصِيلاً هُوَ الِاسْتِرَاتِيجِيَّةُ الدِّفَاعِيَّةُ الْوَحِيدَةُ الْمُتَاحَةُ.

Denying the accusation completely and utterly is the only available defensive strategy.

Legal terminology combined with the absolute rejection idiom.

تَتَمَيَّزُ لُغَةُ الْكَاتِبِ بِاسْتِخْدَامِ الْجُمَلِ الْمُرَكَّبَةِ الَّتِي تَعْكِسُ تَعْقِيدَ أَفْكَارِهِ.

The author's language is characterized by the use of compound sentences that reflect the complexity of his thoughts.

Literary critique discussing sentence structure (compound sentences).

تَمَّ بَيْعُ الْمَحْصُولِ بِجُمْلَتِهِ قَبْلَ حَصَادِهِ بِسَبَبِ الطَّلَبِ الْمُرْتَفِعِ.

The crop was sold in its entirety before its harvest due to high demand.

Using 'bi-jumlatihi' to mean 'in its entirety' or 'the whole of it'.

الْجُمْلَةُ الْمُسْتَأْنَفَةُ لَا مَحَلَّ لَهَا مِنَ الْإِعْرَابِ حَسَبَ قَوَاعِدِ النَّحْوِ.

The resumed (inceptive) sentence has no grammatical position according to the rules of syntax.

Highly specialized grammatical terminology (inceptive sentence).

تَشْهَدُ أَسْوَاقُ الْجُمْلَةِ تَحَوُّلاً رَقْمِيّاً يُسَهِّلُ عَمَلِيَّاتِ التَّوْرِيدِ.

Wholesale markets are witnessing a digital transformation that facilitates supply operations.

Modern economic and technological context.

لَقَدْ أَسَّسَ عَبْدُ الْقَاهِرِ الْجُرْجَانِيُّ نَظَرِيَّةَ النَّظْمِ عَلَى اعْتِبَارِ الْجُمْلَةِ، لَا الْكَلِمَةِ الْمُفْرَدَةِ، مَنَاطاً لِلْبَلَاغَةِ.

Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani founded the theory of syntax (Nazm) on the consideration of the sentence, not the single word, as the locus of eloquence.

Deep historical and linguistic analysis of classical Arabic rhetorical theory.

إِنَّ انْهِيَارَ سَلَاسِلِ الْإِمْدَادِ أَصَابَ قِطَاعَ تَجَارَةِ الْجُمْلَةِ بِشَلَلٍ شِبْهِ تَامٍّ، مِمَّا أَنْذَرَ بِكَارِثَةٍ اقْتِصَادِيَّةٍ.

The collapse of supply chains paralyzed the wholesale trade sector almost completely, warning of an economic disaster.

High-level economic analysis with complex vocabulary.

يَتَجَلَّى الْإِعْجَازُ الْقُرْآنِيُّ فِي سَبْكِ الْجُمَلِ وَتَرَابُطِهَا بِمَا يَعْجِزُ عَنْهُ الْبَشَرُ.

The Quranic inimitability is manifested in the weaving of sentences and their interconnectedness in a way that humans are incapable of.

Theological and literary discourse (I'jaz al-Quran).

وَعَلَى الْجُمْلَةِ، فَإِنَّ الْمُقَارَبَةَ الْفَلْسَفِيَّةَ لِهَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ تَقْتَضِي تَفْكِيكَ الْمَفَاهِيمِ الْأَسَاسِيَّةِ.

And on the whole, the philosophical approach to this issue requires the deconstruction of fundamental concepts.

Philosophical discourse using 'wa 'ala al-jumla' as a high-register transition.

تِلْكَ الِادِّعَاءَاتُ بَاطِلَةٌ جُمْلَةً وَتَفْصِيلاً، وَلَا تَرْتَقِي إِلَى مُسْتَوَى الشُّبْهَةِ فَضْلاً عَنِ الدَّلِيلِ.

Those claims are void in whole and in detail, and do not even rise to the level of suspicion, let alone evidence.

Extremely formal, legal/rhetorical demolition of an argument.

يُفَرِّقُ الْأُصُولِيُّونَ بَيْنَ دَلَالَةِ الْمُفْرَدِ وَدَلَالَةِ الْجُمْلَةِ فِي اسْتِنْبَاطِ الْأَحْكَامِ الشَّرْعِيَّةِ.

Scholars of jurisprudence distinguish between the implication of the single word and the implication of the sentence in deriving legal rulings.

Specialized terminology from Usul al-Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence).

تُشَكِّلُ مَبِيعَاتُ الْجُمْلَةِ الْمُؤَشِّرَ الْأَدَقَّ لِقِيَاسِ حَجْمِ التَّدَاوُلِ التِّجَارِيِّ الْحَقِيقِيِّ فِي السُّوقِ الْمَحَلِّيَّةِ.

Wholesale sales constitute the most accurate indicator for measuring the volume of real commercial trading in the local market.

Advanced macro-economic reporting.

إِنَّ تَعْقِيدَ الْجُمْلَةِ السَّرْدِيَّةِ لَدَى الرِّوَائِيِّ يَعْكِسُ حَالَةَ التَّشَظِّي النَّفْسِيِّ لِأَبْطَالِهِ.

The complexity of the narrative sentence in the novelist's work reflects the state of psychological fragmentation of his protagonists.

Advanced literary criticism and psychological analysis.

常见搭配

جُمْلَة مُفِيدَة

جُمْلَة اسْمِيَّة

جُمْلَة فِعْلِيَّة

بَيْع بِالْجُمْلَة

تَاجِر جُمْلَة

سُوق الْجُمْلَة

فِي الْجُمْلَة

جُمْلَة وَتَفْصِيلاً

أَسْعَار الْجُمْلَة

جُمْلَة اعْتِرَاضِيَّة

常用短语

اُكْتُبْ جُمْلَةً

اقْرَأِ الْجُمْلَةَ

هَلْ تَبِيعُ بِالْجُمْلَةِ؟

أَسْعَارُ الْجُمْلَةِ

فِي الْجُمْلَةِ

جُمْلَةُ الْقَوْلِ

تِجَارَةُ الْجُمْلَةِ

جُمْلَةٌ صَحِيحَةٌ

جُمْلَةٌ خَاطِئَةٌ

تَرْجِمِ الْجُمْلَةَ

容易混淆的词

جُمْلَة vs عِبَارَة (phrase)

جُمْلَة vs جَمَل (camel)

جُمْلَة vs فَقْرَة (paragraph)

习语与表达

容易混淆

جُمْلَة vs

句型

如何使用

context warning

Do not use 'jumlatan wa tafseelan' in casual conversation; it sounds overly dramatic.

common collocations

Always pair with 'mufida' (useful) when discussing basic grammar.

regional differences

In Egypt, it is pronounced 'Gumla'.

常见错误

Confusing 'jumla' (sentence) with 'ibara' (phrase).
Pronouncing it 'jamal' (camel) instead of 'jumla'.
Forgetting the preposition 'bi' when meaning wholesale (saying 'jumla' instead of 'bil-jumla').
Translating 'wholesale' literally in a grammatical context.
Overusing 'jumlatan wa tafseelan' in casual, everyday speech.

小贴士

Jumla vs. Ibara

Never confuse a sentence (jumla) with a phrase (ibara). A jumla must make complete sense on its own. If it leaves you hanging, it's probably an ibara.

Shopping in Bulk

When in an Arab market, look for signs saying 'بالجملة' (bil-jumla). This means they sell wholesale. You can often get better prices if you buy in bulk here.

Mind the Vowel

Always pronounce the first vowel as a short 'u' (Damma). Saying 'jamal' instead of 'jumla' changes the meaning from 'sentence' to 'camel', which can cause funny misunderstandings in class.

Summarizing Thoughts

Use the phrase 'في الجملة' (fil-jumla) in your essays to mean 'overall' or 'in summary'. It makes your writing sound much more advanced and native-like.

Emphatic Rejection

If you want to strongly disagree with something in a formal setting, use 'أرفض هذا جملة وتفصيلاً' (I reject this completely). It shows a high level of vocabulary mastery.

Sentence Types

Always identify the first word of an Arabic sentence. If it's a noun, it's a Jumla Ismiyya. If it's a verb, it's a Jumla Fi'liyya. This determines all the grammar rules that follow.

Business Terms

Learn the collocation 'تاجر جملة' (tajir jumla), meaning wholesale merchant. It is essential vocabulary if you are studying business Arabic or working in trade.

Classroom Commands

Listen carefully to your Arabic teacher. They will use the word 'jumla' constantly. 'Iqra al-jumla' means read the sentence. 'Uktub jumla' means write a sentence.

Plural Recognition

Recognize the plural form 'جُمَل' (jumal). It looks very similar to 'camel' (jamal) but has a Damma on the Jeem and a Fatha on the Meem. Context will usually tell you which one it is.

Market Haggling

Even in retail shops, you can sometimes ask for 'si'r al-jumla' (the wholesale price) if you are buying a large quantity of items. It's a valid negotiation tactic.

记住它

记忆技巧

Imagine a CAMEL (Jamal) carrying a heavy WHOLESALE load of books full of SENTENCES (Jumla).

词源

Arabic root ج-م-ل (j-m-l)

文化背景

Asking for a 'jumla' price in a retail shop is a common haggling tactic in Arab markets.

'Jumla' is standard across all registers. 'Jumlatan wa tafseelan' is highly formal.

The pronunciation of the 'Jeem' varies (e.g., 'Gumla' in Egypt, 'Zhumla' in the Levant), but the word remains the same.

在生活中练习

真实语境

对话开场白

"هَلْ يُمْكِنُكَ كِتَابَةُ جُمْلَةٍ عَنْ نَفْسِكَ؟ (Can you write a sentence about yourself?)"

"هَلْ تُفَضِّلُ الشِّرَاءَ بِالْجُمْلَةِ أَمْ بِالتَّجْزِئَةِ؟ (Do you prefer buying wholesale or retail?)"

"مَا هِيَ أَصْعَبُ جُمْلَةٍ قَرَأْتَهَا بِالْعَرَبِيَّةِ؟ (What is the hardest sentence you've read in Arabic?)"

"هَلْ تَعْرِفُ سُوقَ الْجُمْلَةِ فِي مَدِينَتِكَ؟ (Do you know the wholesale market in your city?)"

"مَا الْفَرْقُ بَيْنَ الْجُمْلَةِ الِاسْمِيَّةِ وَالْفِعْلِيَّةِ؟ (What is the difference between a nominal and verbal sentence?)"

日记主题

اُكْتُبْ خَمْسَ جُمَلٍ عَنْ يَوْمِكَ. (Write five sentences about your day.)

صِفْ تَجْرِبَتَكَ فِي التَّسَوُّقِ بِالْجُمْلَةِ. (Describe your experience shopping wholesale.)

لِمَاذَا تَعْتَبِرُ الْجُمْلَةُ مُهِمَّةً فِي التَّوَاصُلِ؟ (Why is the sentence important in communication?)

مَا هِيَ الْجُمْلَةُ الَّتِي تُلَخِّصُ حَيَاتَكَ؟ (What sentence summarizes your life?)

اُكْتُبْ فَقْرَةً تَتَكَوَّنُ مِنْ عَشْرِ جُمَلٍ. (Write a paragraph consisting of ten sentences.)

常见问题

10 个问题

A 'jumla' is a complete sentence that conveys a full thought, typically with a subject and predicate. An 'ibara' is a phrase or expression that may not be a complete thought. For example, 'in the house' is an ibara, while 'The man is in the house' is a jumla. Teachers are strict about this distinction in Arabic grammar. Use jumla for complete sentences only. Use ibara for idiomatic expressions or incomplete clauses.

To say 'wholesale', you use the word jumla with the preposition 'bi' (بـ), making it 'bil-jumla' (بالجملة). For example, 'I buy wholesale' is 'Ashtari bil-jumla'. A wholesale market is 'Suq al-jumla'. A wholesale merchant is 'Tajir jumla'. It is the exact same word as 'sentence', just used in a commercial context.

Both meanings derive from the Arabic root (ج-م-ل), which means to gather, collect, or form a totality. A sentence is a gathering of words that forms a complete, total meaning. Wholesale is the gathering of goods into a large, total bulk. The underlying concept of 'totality' connects these seemingly different English translations.

This is a powerful rhetorical idiom that translates to 'in whole and in detail' or 'completely and utterly'. It is used to express absolute rejection, denial, or acceptance of something. If you reject an idea 'jumlatan wa tafseelan', you are saying you reject the broad concept and every single minor detail of it. It is highly formal and emphatic.

It is pronounced 'jum-la' with a short 'u' sound (Damma) on the first letter, Jeem. The 'm' has a sukoon (no vowel), and the 'la' has a short 'a' sound (Fatha). Be careful not to say 'jamla' or 'jamal', as 'jamal' means camel. The pronunciation of the Jeem itself may vary by region (e.g., 'g' in Egypt), but the vowels remain the same.

A Jumla Ismiyya is a 'Nominal Sentence' in Arabic grammar. It is a sentence that begins with a noun or pronoun. It typically consists of a Mubtada (subject) and a Khabar (predicate). For example, 'Al-kitabu jadeed' (The book is new). It describes a state of being rather than an action.

A Jumla Fi'liyya is a 'Verbal Sentence' in Arabic grammar. It is a sentence that begins with a verb. It typically consists of a Fi'l (verb), a Fa'il (subject/doer), and often a Maf'ul Bihi (object). For example, 'Kataba al-waladu al-darsa' (The boy wrote the lesson). It emphasizes action and occurrence.

While the root implies gathering, 'jumla' is rarely used to refer to a physical group of people in modern Arabic (you would use 'majmu'a' or 'jama'a'). However, in classical texts, you might find it referring to the 'totality' of a group. Today, stick to 'sentence', 'wholesale', or 'totality/summary'.

The plural of jumla is جُمَل (jumal). It is a broken plural. You use it when referring to multiple sentences, such as 'I wrote five sentences' (Katabtu khamsa jumal). It is not typically used in the plural for the commercial meaning of 'wholesale'.

'Fil-jumla' (في الجملة) is used as a transitional or summarizing phrase, meaning 'overall', 'in summary', or 'generally speaking'. You place it at the beginning or end of a statement to indicate that you are giving a broad overview rather than focusing on specific details. For example, 'Fil-jumla, the project was a success'.