der Mut 30秒了解
- Der Mut is a masculine German noun meaning courage or bravery.
- It is primarily used in the singular and often appears in fixed idioms like 'Mut machen'.
- Grammatically, it requires the masculine articles (der/den/dem) and is an abstract concept.
- It is a central cultural value in Germany, especially in the form of 'Zivilcourage'.
The German noun der Mut is a fundamental concept in the German language, transcending a simple translation of 'courage'. At its core, it represents the psychological and emotional strength to face fear, pain, danger, uncertainty, or intimidation. Unlike 'bravery' which might imply a lack of fear, Mut often implies the presence of fear and the conscious decision to overcome it. In German culture, Mut is viewed as a virtue that combines willpower with moral conviction.
- Grammatical Gender
- Masculine (der Mut). It is typically used in the singular. While a plural 'Mute' exists in very specific poetic or archaic contexts, it is virtually never used in modern German.
- Core Essence
- The inner drive to act despite internal or external resistance. It is the fuel for personal growth and social change.
Historically, the word stems from the Old High German 'muot', which originally meant 'mind', 'spirit', or 'disposition'. This explains why it appears in words like Hochmut (pride/arrogance) or Demut (humility). Over centuries, the meaning narrowed down to the specific quality of bravery.
"Man braucht Mut, um sich seines eigenen Verstandes zu bedienen." - Immanuel Kant (adapted)
In modern usage, Mut is categorized into various nuances. There is Zivilcourage (social courage), which is the bravery to stand up for one's values in public, and Wagemut (daring), which leans more towards taking risks. Understanding Mut is essential for understanding German social dynamics, where 'Mut zur Lücke' (courage to leave a gap) is a common idiom for accepting imperfection.
Ohne Mut können wir keine großen Ziele erreichen.
- Etymological Root
- Proto-Germanic *mōdaz, meaning 'spirit' or 'anger'.
- Semantic Range
- From small daily acts of honesty to heroic deeds of self-sacrifice.
Der Bergsteiger bewies großen Mut bei der Besteigung der Eiger-Nordwand.
Using der Mut correctly involves understanding its collocations and the verbs it typically pairs with. Since it is a masculine noun, you must pay attention to the case endings of accompanying adjectives and articles. For example, in the accusative case, it remains 'den Mut'.
- Verbal Pairings
- Mut haben (to have courage), Mut fassen (to take heart/gather courage), Mut machen (to encourage someone), Mut beweisen (to prove one's courage).
When you want to say someone is brave, you use the adjective mutig. However, the noun Mut is often preferred in formal writing or when discussing the concept abstractly. For instance, 'Er hat den Mut, die Wahrheit zu sagen' sounds more impactful than 'Er ist mutig und sagt die Wahrheit'.
Du musst Mut fassen, bevor du den Chef um eine Gehaltserhöhung bittest.
Another common structure is 'Mut zu + Dative'. This expresses the courage to do or be something. 'Mut zur Veränderung' (courage for change) or 'Mut zur Hässlichkeit' (courage to be ugly/unconventional) are frequent expressions in German media and self-help contexts.
In professional settings, Mut is often linked to innovation. 'Mut zum Risiko' (courage to take risks) is a phrase you will hear in startups and leadership seminars. It implies a calculated risk rather than recklessness.
Ihre Rede gab den Mitarbeitern neuen Mut.
- Prepositional Use
- Mit Mut (with courage), voller Mut (full of courage), ohne Mut (without courage).
Verlier nicht den Mut, auch wenn es schwierig wird!
You will encounter Mut in a variety of contexts, from bedtime stories to political speeches. In literature, it is the defining trait of the protagonist. In German news, the term Zivilcourage is frequently used when reporting on citizens who intervene in dangerous situations to help others.
In den Nachrichten wurde sein Mut gelobt, als er das Kind aus dem Fluss rettete.
In daily conversation, friends might say 'Nur Mut!' to each other. This is a common way to say 'Take heart!' or 'Don't be afraid!' when someone is facing a challenge like a job interview or a difficult conversation.
- Pop Culture
- Songs often use 'Mut' as a theme for overcoming heartbreak or starting over. Titles like 'Mut zur Freiheit' are common.
- Political Discourse
- Politicians often call for 'Mut zu Reformen' (courage for reforms), suggesting that the public needs to be brave enough to accept change.
Die Bergsteigerin hat den Mut, den Gipfel alleine zu erklimmen.
In sports commentary, a team might be praised for their 'Mut zum Angriff' (courage to attack), especially if they are the underdog. It implies playing proactively rather than defensively.
„Nur Mut! Du schaffst das“, sagte die Lehrerin vor der Prüfung.
One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is confusing Mut with Wut (anger). While they sound similar, they are opposites in emotional tone. Mut is constructive and brave, while Wut is destructive and angry.
- Gender Errors
- Using 'das Mut' or 'die Mut'. Remember: der Mut. Abstract nouns ending in -ut can be tricky (e.g., die Armut, die Demut), but Mut is masculine.
- Pluralization
- Trying to say 'viele Mute'. In German, we use 'viel Mut' (uncountable) or 'Mutproben' (tests of courage) if we need to count instances.
Falsch: Ich habe eine große Wut (Anger). Richtig: Ich habe großen Mut (Courage).
Another mistake is using the wrong preposition. Learners often say 'Mut für' when they should use 'Mut zu'. For example, 'Mut zur Lücke' is a fixed expression; 'Mut für die Lücke' would sound non-native.
Falsch: Er hat den Mut für die Wahrheit. Richtig: Er hat den Mut zur Wahrheit.
Finally, avoid using 'mutig' when you mean 'courage' as a noun. 'Er hat mutig' is grammatically incorrect; it must be 'Er ist mutig' or 'Er hat Mut'.
German has several words that overlap with Mut, each with a specific nuance. Understanding these differences will elevate your German from A2 to B2/C1 levels.
- Tapferkeit
- Often translated as 'bravery'. It usually refers to endurance in the face of pain or hardship, often in a military or physical sense.
- Kühnheit
- Boldness or audacity. It implies a certain level of daring that might border on the provocative or risky.
- Beherztheit
- Decisiveness. Acting quickly and bravely in a moment of crisis.
Seine Kühnheit überraschte alle Anwesenden.
Then there is Zivilcourage. This is a very important word in German culture. It specifically refers to the courage to stand up for democratic values or human rights, even when it's socially uncomfortable or dangerous.
Es gehört viel Zivilcourage dazu, in der U-Bahn gegen Mobbing vorzugehen.
On the opposite side, we have Feigheit (cowardice) and Angst (fear). Interestingly, German often pairs these: 'Mut und Angst' are seen as two sides of the same coin.
How Formal Is It?
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发音指南
难度评级
需要掌握的语法
按水平分级的例句
Ich habe Mut.
I have courage.
Simple subject + verb + noun.
Hast du Mut?
Do you have courage?
Question form.
Der Mut ist gut.
Courage is good.
Noun with definite article.
Hab Mut!
Have courage!
Imperative form of 'haben'.
Er braucht Mut.
He needs courage.
Verb 'brauchen' + accusative (den) Mut.
Sie zeigt Mut.
She shows courage.
Present tense.
Wir brauchen viel Mut.
We need a lot of courage.
'Viel' is used with uncountable nouns.
Mut ist wichtig.
Courage is important.
Abstract noun without article.
Ich brauche Mut für die Prüfung.
I need courage for the exam.
Preposition 'für' + accusative.
Meine Mutter macht mir Mut.
My mother encourages me.
Idiom 'Mut machen' + dative object.
Er hat den Mut, 'Nein' zu sagen.
He has the courage to say 'no'.
Infinitive clause with 'zu'.
Ohne Mut kann man das nicht machen.
Without courage, one cannot do that.
Preposition 'ohne' + accusative.
Sein Mut hat alle überrascht.
His courage surprised everyone.
Possessive pronoun 'sein'.
Wir müssen Mut fassen.
We must take heart.
Modal verb + idiom 'Mut fassen'.
Sie verliert nie den Mut.
She never loses heart.
Negation 'nie' + accusative 'den Mut'.
Nur Mut! Alles wird gut.
Take heart! Everything will be fine.
Common encouraging phrase.
Es erfordert viel Mut, die Wahrheit zu sagen.
It requires a lot of courage to tell the truth.
Verb 'erfordern' (to require).
Nach dem Unfall hat er neuen Mut geschöpft.
After the accident, he gained new courage.
Idiom 'Mut schöpfen'.
Sie bewies großen Mut in der Krise.
She proved great courage in the crisis.
Verb 'beweisen' + adjective ending (-en).
Man darf den Mut nicht sinken lassen.
One must not let one's courage fail.
Idiom 'den Mut sinken lassen'.
Er sprach mit viel Mut vor dem Publikum.
He spoke with much courage before the audience.
Prepositional phrase 'mit viel Mut'.
Es gehört Mut dazu, sich zu entschuldigen.
It takes courage to apologize.
Phrase 'es gehört ... dazu'.
Trotz seiner Angst zeigte er Mut.
Despite his fear, he showed courage.
Genitive preposition 'trotz'.
Die Nachricht gab ihr wieder Mut.
The news gave her courage again.
Dative 'ihr' + 'Mut'.
Zivilcourage bedeutet, Mut im Alltag zu zeigen.
Civil courage means showing courage in everyday life.
Compound noun 'Zivilcourage'.
Der Mut zum Risiko ist wichtig für Unternehmer.
The courage to take risks is important for entrepreneurs.
Fixed expression 'Mut zum Risiko'.
Oft fehlt uns der Mut, etwas Neues zu beginnen.
Often we lack the courage to start something new.
Verb 'fehlen' + dative 'uns'.
Ihr Mut wurde mit einer Medaille belohnt.
Her courage was rewarded with a medal.
Passive voice 'wurde belohnt'.
Man sollte Mut und Übermut nicht verwechseln.
One should not confuse courage and overconfidence.
Comparison of two nouns.
Er ist ein Mann von bewundernswertem Mut.
He is a man of admirable courage.
Genitive attribute 'bewundernswertem Mut'.
Sie ermutigte ihn, seinen Traum zu verfolgen.
She encouraged him to pursue his dream.
Verb 'ermutigen' derived from 'Mut'.
In schwierigen Zeiten ist Mut eine Notwendigkeit.
In difficult times, courage is a necessity.
Abstract statement.
Wagemut ist die Voraussetzung für jede Entdeckung.
Daring is the prerequisite for every discovery.
Nuanced synonym 'Wagemut'.
Sein Handeln zeugt von außergewöhnlichem Mut.
His actions testify to extraordinary courage.
Verb 'zeugen von' + dative.
Manchmal ist der 'Mut zur Lücke' die beste Strategie.
Sometimes the 'courage to leave a gap' is the best strategy.
Idiomatic expression.
Die politische Führung vermisste den Mut zu Reformen.
The political leadership lacked the courage for reforms.
Verb 'vermissen' (to lack/miss).
Tollkühnheit ist oft nur maskierter Mut.
Recklessness is often just masked courage.
Philosophical comparison.
Sie bewies die Beherztheit, sofort einzugreifen.
She showed the decisiveness to intervene immediately.
Synonym 'Beherztheit'.
Der Mut des Verzweifelten ist oft der größte.
The courage of the desperate is often the greatest.
Genitive 'des Verzweifelten'.
Es bedarf eines gewissen Mutes, gegen den Strom zu schwimmen.
It requires a certain courage to swim against the current.
Verb 'bedürfen' + genitive.
Paul Tillich thematisiert den 'Mut zum Sein' als existenzielle Überwindung der Angst.
Paul Tillich addresses the 'Courage to Be' as an existential overcoming of anxiety.
Academic context.
In Schillers Dramen ist Mut oft mit dem tragischen Schicksal verknüpft.
In Schiller's dramas, courage is often linked to tragic fate.
Literary analysis.
Die ontologische Qualität des Mutes offenbart sich in der Grenzsituation.
The ontological quality of courage reveals itself in the boundary situation.
High-level vocabulary.
Sein Mut war nicht frei von einer gewissen Hybris.
His courage was not free from a certain hubris.
Sophisticated characterization.
Die Dialektik von Mut und Demut prägt das christliche Menschenbild.
The dialectic of courage and humility shapes the Christian image of man.
Theological context.
Man kann den Mut nicht dekretieren; er muss organisch wachsen.
One cannot decree courage; it must grow organically.
Formal verb 'dekretieren'.
Ihre Courage war ein Fanal des Widerstands.
Her courage was a beacon of resistance.
Metaphorical usage.
Der Mut, sich der eigenen Endlichkeit zu stellen, ist die höchste Form der Tapferkeit.
The courage to face one's own finiteness is the highest form of bravery.
Complex philosophical statement.
常见搭配
常用短语
Nur Mut!
Mut zur Lücke
Den Mut nicht sinken lassen
Übermut tut selten gut
Mut der Verzweiflung
Jdm. Mut einflößen
Mutig voran
Mit Mut und Tatkraft
Den Mut haben zu...
Keinen Mut mehr haben
容易混淆的词
习语与表达
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容易混淆
句型
如何使用
Mut is almost always used in the singular.
Often used without 'der' in abstract statements.
- Using 'die Mut' instead of 'der Mut'.
- Confusing 'Mut' with 'Wut' (anger).
- Saying 'Ich habe mutig' instead of 'Ich bin mutig'.
- Translating 'mood' as 'Mut'.
- Using 'für' instead of 'zu' in 'Mut zu etwas'.
小贴士
Gender
Always remember 'der Mut'. Most abstract nouns in -ut are feminine (die Armut), but Mut is the exception.
Idiom
Use 'Mut fassen' when someone finally decides to do something difficult.
Encouragement
Use 'Nur Mut!' as a short, powerful way to say 'Go for it!'.
Precision
In formal texts, distinguish between 'Mut' (internal) and 'Zivilcourage' (social).
Values
Courage is a highly valued trait in German history and literature.
Phonetics
Don't confuse 'Mut' with 'Mund' (mouth) or 'Mond' (moon).
Word Family
Learn 'ermutigen' (to encourage) and 'entmutigen' (to discourage) together.
Prepositions
Use 'Mut zu' for abstract goals (Mut zur Veränderung).
Repetition
Practice the phrase 'den Mut verlieren' in different tenses.
Context
Associate 'Mut' with heroes like the White Rose (Weiße Rose) in German history.
记住它
记忆技巧
Think of 'MOOD'. In the past, Mut meant mood/spirit. Now, to have a 'good mood' for a fight, you need 'Mut' (courage).
词源
Old High German 'muot'
文化背景
The importance of courage in resisting totalitarianism.
A specific German term for social courage.
Courage as the key to using one's own reason.
在生活中练习
真实语境
对话开场白
"Wann hast du das letzte Mal Mut bewiesen?"
"Braucht man Mut, um in ein anderes Land zu ziehen?"
"Wer ist für dich eine mutige Person?"
"Ist Mut wichtiger als Intelligenz?"
"Was bedeutet 'Zivilcourage' für dich?"
日记主题
Schreibe über eine Situation, in der du Mut gebraucht hast.
Warum ist Mut in einer Demokratie wichtig?
Was ist der Unterschied zwischen Mut und Tollkühnheit?
Wie kann man Kindern Mut machen?
Beschreibe einen mutigen Moment in deinem Leben.
常见问题
10 个问题Mut ist immer maskulin: der Mut.
Es gibt praktisch keinen Plural. Man verwendet stattdessen Wörter wie 'Mutproben'.
Es bedeutet, bewusst Lücken zu lassen oder Unvollkommenheit zu akzeptieren.
Mut ist allgemeiner; Tapferkeit bezieht sich oft auf das Ertragen von Schmerz.
Man sagt 'jemandem Mut machen' oder 'ermutigen'.
Nein, 'mutig' ist das Adjektiv. Das Nomen ist 'der Mut'.
Nein, man sagt 'viel Mut'.
Mut, den man in der Gesellschaft zeigt, um anderen zu helfen.
Mit einem langen 'u', wie in 'gut'.
Das Gegenteil ist Feigheit oder Angst.
自我测试 180 个问题
/ 180 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
Mut is more than just the absence of fear; it is the active decision to overcome fear for a purpose. In German, it is a versatile noun used to encourage others, describe heroes, and discuss social responsibility.
- Der Mut is a masculine German noun meaning courage or bravery.
- It is primarily used in the singular and often appears in fixed idioms like 'Mut machen'.
- Grammatically, it requires the masculine articles (der/den/dem) and is an abstract concept.
- It is a central cultural value in Germany, especially in the form of 'Zivilcourage'.
Gender
Always remember 'der Mut'. Most abstract nouns in -ut are feminine (die Armut), but Mut is the exception.
Idiom
Use 'Mut fassen' when someone finally decides to do something difficult.
Encouragement
Use 'Nur Mut!' as a short, powerful way to say 'Go for it!'.
Precision
In formal texts, distinguish between 'Mut' (internal) and 'Zivilcourage' (social).
例句
Man braucht viel Mut für so eine Entscheidung.
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abgeneigt
B1不喜欢某事或想要避开它。
ablehnend
B1表示你不赞成某事或某人，好像在拒绝他们一样。
abneigen
B1对某人或某事感到厌恶或反感。
Abneigung
B1Abneigung 意为对某人或某事物的强烈厌恶或反感。这是一种深刻的厌恶。 公司里对突然的变化存在一些厌恶感。
Abscheu
B1这是一种非常强烈的厌恶或憎恶感。
abscheuen
B1指怀着强烈的厌恶感，极度憎恨某人或某物。
Ach!
A1啊！太美了。 / 啊，我明白了。
ach
A2啊，噢；表达惊讶、理解或遗憾等各种情感。
akzeptierend
B1accepting
Albtraum
A2噩梦；可怕的梦，或现实中极其糟糕的情况。'我昨晚做了一个噩梦' 可以说 'Ich hatte letzte Nacht einen Albtraum'。
