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hydrogen

A1 noun #4,000 最常用 16分钟阅读

hydrogen

前4,000

开始练习例句笔记与提示 hydrogen 30秒了解

解析 hydrogen in your Level:

At the A1 level, you should know that hydrogen is a very simple thing. It is a gas. You cannot see it, smell it, or taste it. It is very important because it is in water. We write water as H2O. The 'H' stands for hydrogen. You might hear about hydrogen in school science classes. It is the first element in the list of all chemical elements. You can say 'The sun is made of hydrogen' or 'Water has hydrogen.' It is a very light gas, like the gas in some balloons, but usually we use a different gas called helium for balloons because hydrogen can burn easily. Just remember: hydrogen is small, light, and part of water. It is the number one element in the whole universe. Most of the stars you see at night are mostly hydrogen. It is a fundamental part of our world, even if we cannot see it with our eyes.

At the A2 level, you can start using hydrogen in more specific sentences. You might learn that hydrogen is used as a fuel for some cars and buses. These are called 'hydrogen vehicles.' They are good for the environment because they do not produce dirty smoke; they only produce water. You can also talk about 'hydrogen gas.' For example, 'The scientist put hydrogen gas into the tube.' You should know that hydrogen is very flammable, which means it catches fire very easily. This is why people have to be very careful when they move it or store it. You might also see 'hydrogenated' on food labels, like 'hydrogenated oil.' This means hydrogen was added to the oil to make it solid. Hydrogen is the lightest gas in the world. It is much lighter than the air we breathe. This is a basic scientific fact that is useful to know.

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At the B1 level, you can discuss hydrogen in the context of the environment and technology. You might hear about 'green hydrogen,' which is a way to make fuel without hurting the planet. People talk about the 'hydrogen economy' as a way to stop using oil and coal. You can explain that hydrogen is a 'clean energy source' because burning it only creates water vapor. In a chemistry context, you might learn about 'hydrogen bonds.' These are weak connections between molecules that are very important in biology and for the properties of water. You can also use the word in more complex grammar, like 'If we had more hydrogen refueling stations, more people would buy hydrogen cars.' You should also be aware of the historical context, such as the Hindenburg airship, which showed how dangerous hydrogen can be if it is not handled correctly. This level involves understanding both the benefits and the risks of using this element.

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At the B2 level, you should be comfortable using hydrogen in technical and academic discussions. You might talk about 'nuclear fusion,' which is when hydrogen atoms join together to make helium and release a huge amount of energy. This is what happens in the sun and in a 'hydrogen bomb.' You can also discuss 'industrial applications,' such as using hydrogen to make ammonia for fertilizer or to refine oil. You should understand the difference between 'atomic hydrogen' and 'molecular hydrogen' (H2). In environmental debates, you might analyze the challenges of 'hydrogen storage' and 'transportation,' noting that because hydrogen is so light and small, it can easily leak through tiny holes. You can use terms like 'electrolysis' to describe how hydrogen is separated from water using electricity. At this level, you are expected to use precise vocabulary and understand the role of hydrogen in global energy transitions and chemical manufacturing.

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At the C1 level, your understanding of hydrogen should be quite sophisticated. You can discuss its role in 'quantum mechanics,' as the hydrogen atom is the simplest system for studying electron shells and energy levels. You might read research papers about 'hydrogen embrittlement,' which is when hydrogen makes metals like steel brittle and likely to break. This is a major concern for engineers building pipelines. You can speak fluently about 'decarbonization strategies' involving hydrogen, comparing the efficiency of 'fuel cells' to 'battery electric vehicles.' You should be able to explain the nuances of 'isotopes,' such as the use of 'deuterium' in nuclear reactors or 'tritium' in self-illuminating signs. Your vocabulary should include terms like 'hydrogenation,' 'dehydrogenation,' and 'hydrogen-rich environments.' You can participate in high-level debates about the economic feasibility of a global hydrogen infrastructure, considering factors like energy density and production costs. You understand hydrogen not just as a gas, but as a critical variable in complex scientific and economic systems.

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At the C2 level, you have a masterly command of the term 'hydrogen' and its myriad applications. You can discuss the 'primordial nucleosynthesis' of hydrogen in the early universe with precision. You are capable of critiquing 'spectroscopic data' used to identify hydrogen in distant galaxies. In the realm of theoretical physics, you might discuss the 'Bohr model' of the hydrogen atom and its limitations compared to modern 'quantum field theory.' You can navigate the most complex industrial regulations regarding 'hydrogen safety' and 'standardization.' In a business context, you can lead strategic discussions on 'hydrogen value chains,' from 'electrolyzer' manufacturing to 'off-take agreements' in the heavy industry sector. You understand the philosophical and historical significance of hydrogen as the 'Ur-element' of the cosmos. Whether writing a peer-reviewed article on 'catalytic hydrogenation' or delivering a keynote speech on the 'geopolitics of hydrogen,' your use of the word is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker and subject matter expert.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

hydrogen 30秒了解

Hydrogen is the lightest chemical element and the most common substance in the entire universe, making up stars and the majority of space gas.
It is a colorless, odorless gas that is highly reactive and forms water when combined with oxygen, represented by the chemical symbol H.
Scientists consider hydrogen a key clean energy source because it produces only water vapor when used in fuel cells, helping reduce carbon emissions.
Found in everything from the sun to organic molecules in our bodies, hydrogen is the fundamental building block of matter and modern chemistry.

Hydrogen is the fundamental building block of the cosmos, representing the very first element on the periodic table and the most abundant substance in the known universe. To understand hydrogen is to understand the origin of everything, as it was the primary matter created during the Big Bang. In its most common form, hydrogen exists as a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas. Despite its simplicity—consisting of just one proton and one electron—it is incredibly powerful. When you look at the stars at night, you are seeing massive balls of hydrogen gas undergoing nuclear fusion, a process that releases the light and heat necessary for life on Earth. In our daily lives, hydrogen is rarely found as a pure gas on its own because it is highly reactive; it prefers to bond with other elements. The most famous example of this is water, where two hydrogen atoms join with one oxygen atom to create the liquid we drink. Scientists and engineers use the word hydrogen frequently when discussing chemistry, physics, and modern energy solutions. As the world seeks cleaner ways to power cars and factories, hydrogen has become a 'buzzword' for the future of green energy. Because it produces only water vapor when burned as fuel, it is seen as a key solution to reducing pollution. You will encounter this word in school science books, news reports about climate change, and even in discussions about space exploration, as liquid hydrogen is often used to propel rockets into orbit.

Chemical Identity: Hydrogen is represented by the symbol 'H' and has an atomic number of 1, making it the lightest element in existence.

The sun is mostly made of hydrogen, which it turns into helium to produce energy.

In academic settings, hydrogen is discussed in terms of its isotopes, such as deuterium and tritium, which have different numbers of neutrons. In industrial settings, hydrogen is vital for creating ammonia for fertilizers, which helps grow the food that feeds the global population. It is also used in the 'hydrogenation' of fats and oils in the food industry. When people use the word hydrogen in a casual context, they are often referring to the potential for hydrogen-powered vehicles, which are often called 'fuel cell vehicles.' The word carries a connotation of cleanliness and high-tech innovation. However, it also carries a historical weight; many people associate hydrogen with the Hindenburg disaster, where a hydrogen-filled airship caught fire. This historical event is why safety is always a major part of the conversation when discussing hydrogen storage and transport. Despite its volatility, hydrogen is essential to modern life, from the water in our taps to the energy in our sun. It is the invisible giant of the chemical world, small in size but massive in influence.

Universal Abundance: Approximately 75% of the elemental mass of the universe is hydrogen, found in vast clouds of gas between stars.

Scientists are researching how to use hydrogen as a clean fuel for airplanes and ships.

Industrial Utility: Beyond energy, hydrogen is a critical component in the refining of petroleum and the production of methanol.

During the chemistry experiment, the students collected hydrogen gas in a test tube.

The hydrogen bond is what gives water its unique properties, like surface tension.

A hydrogen atom is the simplest atom, containing only one proton and one electron.

Using the word 'hydrogen' correctly requires understanding whether you are speaking about the chemical element in general or the gas specifically. Because it is a mass noun (uncountable), we usually do not say 'hydrogens' unless we are referring to specific types of isotopes or atoms in a complex molecule. For example, you would say, 'The balloon is filled with hydrogen,' not 'with a hydrogen.' When describing its role in compounds, we often use it as a modifier, as in 'hydrogen peroxide' or 'hydrogen bond.' In scientific writing, precision is key. You might write, 'Hydrogen is the primary constituent of Jovian planets like Jupiter.' In more casual conversation about technology, you might say, 'I heard that hydrogen cars are becoming more popular in Japan.' Notice how the word often pairs with 'fuel,' 'gas,' 'atom,' and 'bomb.' Each of these pairings changes the context significantly. A 'hydrogen bomb' refers to a devastating weapon of mass destruction, while 'hydrogen fuel' refers to a hopeful solution for the climate crisis. It is important to match the tone of your sentence to these contexts. If you are a student, you might use it in a descriptive way: 'Hydrogen is located at the top left of the periodic table.' If you are an environmentalist, you might say, 'We need to invest in green hydrogen to reach net-zero emissions.' The word is versatile but always points back to that single, light atom. When using it in a sentence, ensure you are clear about its state—is it a gas, a part of a liquid, or a source of energy? This clarity helps the listener or reader follow your logic.

Grammatical Usage: Hydrogen is usually an uncountable noun. Example: 'There is a lot of hydrogen in the atmosphere of stars.'

The scientist measured the amount of hydrogen released during the chemical reaction.

In complex sentences, 'hydrogen' can act as the subject or the object. For instance, 'Hydrogen powers the stars through a process called nuclear fusion.' Here, it is the subject performing the action. In the sentence, 'The engine burns hydrogen to produce electricity,' it is the object. You can also use it in the possessive form when referring to its properties: 'Hydrogen's low density makes it ideal for use in weather balloons.' However, it is more common to use 'the density of hydrogen.' When writing about the future of energy, you might use it in a list: 'The company is exploring wind, solar, and hydrogen energy.' This shows that hydrogen is being treated as a category of power. In chemistry, you will often see it combined with prefixes or suffixes, such as 'dehydrogenation' (the removal of hydrogen). Understanding these variations allows you to use the word in more sophisticated ways. Whether you are talking about the vastness of space or the microscopic world of atoms, 'hydrogen' remains a constant, reliable term. Always remember that because it is an element, it should not be capitalized unless it starts a sentence or is part of a title. This is a common mistake among learners who think element names are proper nouns.

Colloquial Shortening: In some technical fields, experts might just say 'H' (the symbol) instead of the full word.

If you mix hydrogen and oxygen and add a spark, you get a small explosion and water.

Descriptive Phrases: Commonly used with adjectives like 'liquid,' 'gaseous,' 'molecular,' and 'atomic.'

Many scientists believe that hydrogen is the key to sustainable transport.

The hydrogen economy is a proposed system where hydrogen is the main energy carrier.

You can find hydrogen in almost every organic molecule in your body.

You will hear 'hydrogen' in a variety of real-world settings, ranging from the highly technical to the broadly political. In a high school or university chemistry lab, the word is spoken daily. Teachers will explain how 'hydrogen ions' determine the pH level of a liquid, making it acidic or basic. You might hear a lab partner say, 'Be careful with the hydrogen cylinder; it's under high pressure.' Moving from the classroom to the boardroom, you will hear business leaders and politicians talking about 'the hydrogen economy.' This refers to a future where hydrogen replaces oil and gas. In news broadcasts, especially those focused on technology or the environment, reporters might discuss 'green hydrogen'—hydrogen produced using renewable energy like wind or solar power. They might say, 'The government has announced a new subsidy for green hydrogen production.' If you are a fan of science fiction or space documentaries, 'hydrogen' is a staple. Narrators often describe how 'giant clouds of interstellar hydrogen' collapse to form new stars. In movies like 'The Martian' or 'Interstellar,' characters might discuss using hydrogen for life support or fuel. You also hear it in medical contexts, though less frequently, when discussing 'hydrogen peroxide' as an antiseptic for cuts and scrapes. In the automotive industry, you'll hear engineers talk about 'hydrogen fuel cells' as an alternative to heavy batteries for electric vehicles. Even in the food industry, if you read the back of a snack package, you might see 'partially hydrogenated vegetable oil,' which tells you that hydrogen was used to change the texture of the oil. Ultimately, 'hydrogen' is a word that bridges the gap between the microscopic world of atoms and the global scale of energy and climate change. It is a word that signals innovation, science, and the very nature of the universe.

News & Media: Frequently mentioned in reports about 'clean energy' and 'climate targets.'

BBC News reported on a new plant that uses wind power to create hydrogen.

In social settings, you might hear 'hydrogen' mentioned in debates about the best way to save the planet. Someone might argue, 'Electric cars are okay, but hydrogen is better for long-haul trucks.' This shows how the word has entered the public consciousness as a symbol of 'the next big thing.' In academic lectures, professors might delve into 'hydrogen bonding,' explaining why ice floats on water—a crucial concept for biology and earth science. In a more somber context, historical documentaries about the Cold War will inevitably mention the 'hydrogen bomb' and its role in global politics. Even in sports, particularly high-end racing like Formula 1, there are discussions about using hydrogen-based fuels to make the sport more sustainable. Wherever there is a conversation about the fundamental nature of matter or the future of human technology, 'hydrogen' is likely to be heard. It is a word that carries the weight of both scientific fact and future possibility. For a learner, hearing 'hydrogen' is an invitation to think about how science impacts our world every day, from the water we drink to the stars we see. It is a truly universal word, recognized by scientists and citizens alike across the globe.

Pop Culture: Often appears in sci-fi tropes about 'fusion reactors' and 'hydrogen thrusters.'

The documentary explained how hydrogen is the fuel that keeps our sun burning.

Academic Context: Used in chemistry, physics, and astronomy lectures to describe atomic structures and stellar evolution.

In the lab, we learned that hydrogen is highly flammable and must be handled with care.

The city is testing hydrogen buses to see if they can replace diesel vehicles.

Liquid hydrogen is used as rocket fuel because it provides a lot of energy for its weight.

One of the most common mistakes learners make with 'hydrogen' is treating it as a countable noun. You should avoid saying 'a hydrogen' or 'many hydrogens' unless you are specifically talking about individual atoms in a molecule, which is very technical. Instead, use 'some hydrogen,' 'a lot of hydrogen,' or 'hydrogen gas.' For example, 'There is hydrogen in the tank' is correct, whereas 'There is a hydrogen in the tank' is not. Another frequent error is capitalization. While 'Hydrogen' is the name of an element, it is not a proper noun in English grammar. You should only capitalize it if it starts a sentence. For instance, 'We are studying hydrogen' (lowercase) is correct. Learners also often confuse 'hydrogen' with other gases that start with similar sounds or are also common in the atmosphere, like 'nitrogen' or 'helium.' Remember: hydrogen is the lightest and is the 'H' in water. Another mistake involves pronunciation. The first syllable 'hy-' should sound like the word 'high,' and the 'g' is soft, like the 'j' in 'jump.' Some learners mistakenly use a hard 'g' sound. Furthermore, there is often confusion between 'hydrogen' and 'hydro.' While 'hydro' is a prefix related to water (like 'hydroelectric'), 'hydrogen' specifically refers to the element. You shouldn't use them interchangeably. In scientific writing, people sometimes forget that hydrogen usually exists as a diatomic molecule (H2) in its gas form. While you can just say 'hydrogen,' being aware of this distinction is important for advanced science. Lastly, be careful with the term 'hydrogen bomb.' It is a very specific, historical, and sensitive term. Using it casually in a conversation about energy or chemistry might be seen as inappropriate or confusing. Stick to 'hydrogen fuel' or 'hydrogen gas' when discussing science and technology. By avoiding these common pitfalls, your use of the word will sound more natural and professional.

Countability Error: Incorrect: 'I need two hydrogens for this reaction.' Correct: 'I need two hydrogen atoms for this reaction.'

Incorrect: 'The Sun is made of Hydrogen.' Correct: 'The sun is made of hydrogen.'

Another area of confusion is the difference between 'hydrogen' and 'hydrocarbon.' A hydrocarbon is a compound made of hydrogen and carbon (like methane or gasoline), but 'hydrogen' refers to the element alone. Using 'hydrogen' when you mean 'fuel' or 'gasoline' can lead to significant misunderstandings in technical discussions. Additionally, some people confuse 'hydrogen fuel cells' with 'hydrogen combustion.' A fuel cell produces electricity through a chemical reaction, while combustion involves burning the gas. Using the wrong term can make you sound less knowledgeable in a professional setting. In terms of spelling, some learners forget the 'y' or the 'd,' spelling it as 'hidrogen' or 'hyrogen.' Always double-check the spelling! Finally, when discussing 'hydrogenated' products, remember that this is an adjective derived from the noun. Saying 'the oil is hydrogen' is incorrect; you must say 'the oil is hydrogenated.' These small details are what separate a beginner from an advanced speaker. Paying attention to countability, capitalization, and context-specific terms will greatly improve your scientific English.

Spelling & Pronunciation: The 'y' sounds like 'eye' and the 'g' sounds like 'j.' Spelling is H-Y-D-R-O-G-E-N.

Incorrect: 'The car runs on hydro.' Correct: 'The car runs on hydrogen.'

Confusing Elements: Don't confuse hydrogen (H) with Helium (He) or Nitrogen (N).

The teacher explained that hydrogen gas is lighter than air, not nitrogen.

Many students mistakenly think hydrogen is the same thing as oxygen because they are both gases.

In the phrase 'hydrogen peroxide,' the word hydrogen is part of a specific chemical name.

While 'hydrogen' is a unique chemical element, there are several words and terms you might use depending on the context. In a very general sense, if you are talking about its physical state, you might use 'gas.' However, 'gas' is a broad term that includes oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide, so it lacks precision. In a technical or scientific setting, you might refer to it as 'Element One' or simply by its chemical symbol 'H.' If you are discussing its isotopes, you might use 'deuterium' or 'tritium,' which are specific forms of hydrogen. When talking about hydrogen as a fuel source, you might hear it referred to as 'clean fuel' or 'zero-emission fuel,' though these terms can also apply to electricity or biofuels. In chemistry, when hydrogen atoms lose an electron, they are called 'protons' (specifically H+ ions). This is a very common alternative in advanced science. Another related term is 'fuel cell,' which is the technology that uses hydrogen to create power. If you are comparing it to other elements, you might discuss 'helium,' which is the second lightest element and often found alongside hydrogen in stars. In terms of synonyms, there aren't many direct ones because 'hydrogen' is a specific noun. However, you can use descriptive phrases like 'the lightest element' or 'the primary component of the universe.' In the context of industrial processes, you might hear about 'syngas' (synthetic gas), which is a mixture that includes hydrogen. Understanding these alternatives helps you vary your language and show a deeper understanding of the subject matter. Below is a comparison of hydrogen with other common gases to help you distinguish between them.

Hydrogen vs. Helium: Hydrogen is flammable and used for fuel; Helium is non-flammable and used for party balloons.

While hydrogen is the most common element, oxygen is more common in the Earth's crust.

In the world of green energy, you will hear about different 'colors' of hydrogen. 'Green hydrogen' is made with renewable energy, 'blue hydrogen' is made from natural gas with carbon capture, and 'grey hydrogen' is made from natural gas without carbon capture. These are not synonyms but rather specific sub-categories of the word. If you want to sound more like a native speaker in a scientific context, you might use the word 'protium' to refer to the most common isotope of hydrogen. In casual conversation, if you forget the word 'hydrogen,' you might describe it as 'the gas that makes up water' or 'the sun's fuel.' However, 'hydrogen' is such a basic and essential word that it is best to learn it well. It is used globally and has no direct synonym that covers all its meanings. Whether you are a scientist, an engineer, or just someone interested in the future of our planet, knowing how to distinguish hydrogen from its peers is a vital skill. Use 'hydrogen' when you need to be specific, and use broader terms like 'element' or 'fuel' when the specific chemical identity is less important.

Hydrogen vs. Oxygen: Hydrogen is the fuel; oxygen is the gas that allows the fuel to burn. Together, they form water.

Instead of using oil, some companies are switching to hydrogen power.

Hydrogen vs. Nitrogen: Nitrogen makes up 78% of Earth's air and is very stable; hydrogen is rare in air and very reactive.

The hydrogen atom is the simplest model used to teach students about atomic physics.

The hydrogen content of the gas cloud was analyzed using a spectrometer.

Many people use the term 'hydrogen vehicle' to refer to cars powered by fuel cells.

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

Hydrogen is the only element that can exist without neutrons. The most common form of hydrogen is just one proton and one electron. It is also the only element that doesn't belong to a specific 'group' or family on the periodic table perfectly.

发音指南

UK /ˈhaɪ.drə.dʒən/

US /ˈhaɪ.drə.dʒən/

The stress is on the first syllable: HY-dro-gen.

押韵词

oxygen nitrogen glycogen pathogen estrogen hallucinogen carcinogen antigen

常见错误

Pronouncing the 'g' as a hard 'g' (like 'go'). It should be soft (like 'judge').
Saying 'hee-drogen' instead of 'high-drogen'.
Skipping the 'd' sound in the middle.
Putting the stress on the second syllable.
Confusing the 'y' sound with a short 'i' (like 'hit').

难度评级

阅读 2/5

The word itself is easy to recognize, but scientific texts using it can be complex.

写作 3/5

Spelling 'hydrogen' correctly with the 'y' can be tricky for some learners.

口语 2/5

Pronunciation is straightforward once you learn the soft 'g'.

听力 1/5

The word is distinct and usually easy to hear in context.

接下来学什么

前置知识

gas water sun fuel atom

接下来学习

oxygen carbon molecule reaction energy

高级

isotope electrolysis thermodynamics nucleosynthesis catalysis

需要掌握的语法

Mass Nouns and Quantifiers

Use 'much' or 'little' with hydrogen, not 'many' or 'few'.

Compound Nouns

'Hydrogen fuel' functions as a single noun unit.

Articles with Elements

We usually say 'Hydrogen is...' rather than 'The hydrogen is...' unless referring to a specific sample.

Adjective Suffixes (-ated)

Change 'hydrogen' to 'hydrogenated' to describe processed oils.

Prefix 'Hydro-'

Understand that 'hydro-' often relates to water, which contains hydrogen.

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按水平分级的例句

Water is made of hydrogen and oxygen.

L'eau est faite d'hydrogène et d'oxygène.

Hydrogen is an uncountable noun here.

Hydrogen is the first element.

L'hydrogène est le premier élément.

Used as a subject.

The sun has a lot of hydrogen.

Le soleil a beaucoup d'hydrogène.

Follows 'a lot of'.

Hydrogen is a gas.

L'hydrogène est un gaz.

Simple subject-verb-complement structure.

Is there hydrogen in this tank?

Y a-t-il de l'hydrogène dans ce réservoir ?

Question form using 'is there'.

Hydrogen is very light.

L'hydrogène est très léger.

Adjective 'light' describes the noun.

We use hydrogen to make water.

Nous utilisons l'hydrogène pour fabriquer de l'eau.

Infinitive of purpose 'to make'.

Hydrogen has no smell.

L'hydrogène n'a pas d'odeur.

Negative form using 'has no'.

The new bus runs on hydrogen fuel.

Le nouveau bus fonctionne au carburant hydrogène.

'Hydrogen' acts as a modifier for 'fuel'.

Scientists found hydrogen on the moon.

Des scientifiques ont trouvé de l'hydrogène sur la lune.

Past tense 'found'.

Hydrogen can catch fire easily.

L'hydrogène peut s'enflammer facilement.

Modal verb 'can' shows possibility/danger.

This car produces only water from its hydrogen engine.

Cette voiture ne produit que de l'eau avec son moteur à hydrogène.

Present simple for a general fact.

You can mix hydrogen and oxygen to get energy.

Vous pouvez mélanger l'hydrogène et l'oxygène pour obtenir de l'énergie.

Compound object 'hydrogen and oxygen'.

The balloon went up because it was full of hydrogen.

Le ballon est monté parce qu'il était plein d'hydrogène.

Conjunction 'because' introducing a reason.

Hydrogen is much lighter than air.

L'hydrogène est beaucoup plus léger que l'air.

Comparative 'lighter than'.

Do not smoke near the hydrogen tank.

Ne fumez pas près du réservoir d'hydrogène.

Imperative negative 'Do not smoke'.

Green hydrogen is made using wind or solar power.

L'hydrogène vert est fabriqué à partir d'énergie éolienne ou solaire.

Passive voice 'is made'.

The company is investing in hydrogen technology to reduce pollution.

L'entreprise investit dans la technologie de l'hydrogène pour réduire la pollution.

Present continuous 'is investing'.

Hydrogen bonds are responsible for the way water behaves.

Les liaisons hydrogène sont responsables du comportement de l'eau.

Plural 'bonds' used with the modifier 'hydrogen'.

If we use hydrogen, we can protect the environment.

Si nous utilisons l'hydrogène, nous pouvons protéger l'environnement.

First conditional 'If we use... we can'.

The Hindenburg disaster was caused by a hydrogen fire.

La catastrophe du Hindenburg a été causée par un incendie d'hydrogène.

Past passive 'was caused'.

Hydrogen is a versatile element used in many industries.

L'hydrogène est un élément polyvalent utilisé dans de nombreuses industries.

Past participle 'used' as an adjective.

They are building a new hydrogen refueling station in the city.

Ils construisent une nouvelle station de ravitaillement en hydrogène en ville.

Compound noun 'hydrogen refueling station'.

How much hydrogen does the sun burn every second?

Combien d'hydrogène le soleil brûle-t-il chaque seconde ?

Question with 'How much' for uncountable nouns.

Liquid hydrogen is a common propellant for space rockets.

L'hydrogène liquide est un propulseur courant pour les fusées spatiales.

Adjective 'liquid' modifies 'hydrogen'.

The process of removing hydrogen from a molecule is called dehydrogenation.

Le processus de retrait de l'hydrogène d'une molécule est appelé déshydrogénation.

Gerund 'removing' as part of the subject.

Hydrogen fuel cells generate electricity through a chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen.

Les piles à combustible à hydrogène génèrent de l'électricité par une réaction chimique entre l'hydrogène et l'oxygène.

Technical plural 'fuel cells'.

Many experts believe that hydrogen will play a crucial role in the energy transition.

De nombreux experts estiment que l'hydrogène jouera un rôle crucial dans la transition énergétique.

Future 'will play' for predictions.

Hydrogen is often stored under high pressure in specialized tanks.

L'hydrogène est souvent stocké sous haute pression dans des réservoirs spécialisés.

Prepositional phrase 'under high pressure'.

The atomic weight of hydrogen is approximately 1.008.

Le poids atomique de l'hydrogène est d'environ 1,008.

Possessive 'of hydrogen'.

Hydrogenation is used to turn liquid vegetable oils into solid fats.

L'hydrogénation est utilisée pour transformer les huiles végétales liquides en graisses solides.

Noun form 'Hydrogenation'.

Due to its small molecular size, hydrogen can leak through many materials.

En raison de sa petite taille moléculaire, l'hydrogène peut fuir à travers de nombreux matériaux.

Prepositional phrase 'Due to'.

The spectral lines of hydrogen provide clues about the composition of distant stars.

Les raies spectrales de l'hydrogène fournissent des indices sur la composition des étoiles lointaines.

Technical term 'spectral lines'.

Hydrogen embrittlement can cause catastrophic failure in high-strength steel pipelines.

La fragilisation par l'hydrogène peut provoquer une défaillance catastrophique dans les pipelines en acier à haute résistance.

Complex noun phrase 'Hydrogen embrittlement'.

The Haber process uses hydrogen and nitrogen to synthesize ammonia for fertilizers.

Le procédé Haber utilise l'hydrogène et l'azote pour synthétiser l'ammoniac pour les engrais.

Specific historical/scientific term 'Haber process'.

In the early universe, hydrogen and helium were the only elements present in significant quantities.

Dans l'univers primitif, l'hydrogène et l'hélium étaient les seuls éléments présents en quantités significatives.

Adjective phrase 'present in significant quantities'.

Hydrogen-rich compounds are being researched as potential materials for solid-state hydrogen storage.

Des composés riches en hydrogène font l'objet de recherches en tant que matériaux potentiels pour le stockage de l'hydrogène à l'état solide.

Present continuous passive 'are being researched'.

The isotopes of hydrogen, namely deuterium and tritium, are essential for nuclear fusion research.

Les isotopes de l'hydrogène, à savoir le deutérium et le tritium, sont essentiels à la recherche sur la fusion nucléaire.

Appositive phrase 'namely deuterium and tritium'.

Achieving a sustainable hydrogen economy requires overcoming significant logistical and economic hurdles.

La mise en place d'une économie de l'hydrogène durable nécessite de surmonter d'importants obstacles logistiques et économiques.

Gerund phrase as the subject 'Achieving...'.

Hydrogen's high energy content per unit of mass makes it an attractive fuel for heavy-duty transport.

La teneur élevée en énergie de l'hydrogène par unité de masse en fait un carburant attrayant pour le transport lourd.

Possessive 'Hydrogen's'.

The fine structure of the hydrogen atom's energy levels was a pivotal discovery in quantum electrodynamics.

La structure fine des niveaux d'énergie de l'atome d'hydrogène a été une découverte charnière en électrodynamique quantique.

Highly technical noun phrase 'fine structure'.

Catalytic hydrogenation of unsaturated hydrocarbons is a cornerstone of modern petrochemical refining.

L'hydrogénation catalytique des hydrocarbures insaturés est une pierre angulaire du raffinage pétrochimique moderne.

Formal academic 'cornerstone of'.

The prevalence of hydrogen in the interstellar medium allows astronomers to map the structure of our galaxy.

La prévalence de l'hydrogène dans le milieu interstellaire permet aux astronomes de cartographier la structure de notre galaxie.

Noun 'prevalence' followed by a prepositional phrase.

Substantial subsidies are being funneled into hydrogen infrastructure to facilitate a rapid transition away from fossil fuels.

Des subventions substantielles sont injectées dans l'infrastructure de l'hydrogène pour faciliter une transition rapide hors des combustibles fossiles.

Metaphorical verb 'funneled into'.

Theoretical models suggest that metallic hydrogen may exist at the extreme pressures found in the cores of gas giants.

Les modèles théoriques suggèrent que l'hydrogène métallique pourrait exister aux pressions extrêmes trouvées dans les noyaux des géantes gazeuses.

Modal 'may' expressing scientific hypothesis.

The thermodynamic properties of hydrogen present unique challenges for its liquefaction and long-term storage.

Les propriétés thermodynamiques de l'hydrogène présentent des défis uniques pour sa liquéfaction et son stockage à long terme.

Subject-verb agreement with 'properties'.

Hydrogen-induced cracking is a pervasive issue that necessitates rigorous material selection in the aerospace industry.

La fissuration induite par l'hydrogène est un problème omniprésent qui nécessite une sélection rigoureuse des matériaux dans l'industrie aérospatiale.

Adjective 'pervasive' and verb 'necessitates'.

The elucidation of the hydrogen bond's role in DNA stability was fundamental to our understanding of genetics.

L'élucidation du rôle de la liaison hydrogène dans la stabilité de l'ADN a été fondamentale pour notre compréhension de la génétique.

Formal noun 'elucidation'.

近义词

H (chemical symbol) lightest gas element 1 inflammable air (archaic) protium

反义词

heavy elements oxygen (chemical opposite in water) solids

常见搭配

hydrogen fuel cell

hydrogen bond

liquid hydrogen

hydrogen gas

hydrogen bomb

green hydrogen

hydrogen atom

hydrogen peroxide

hydrogen economy

hydrogen sulfide

常用短语

hydrogen-powered

— Using hydrogen as the primary source of energy.

The city introduced hydrogen-powered buses last year.

hydrogen-rich

— Containing a large amount of hydrogen.

Jupiter has a hydrogen-rich atmosphere.

hydrogen cyanide

— A highly poisonous gas used in industrial processes.

Hydrogen cyanide is extremely dangerous to inhale.

hydrogen ion

— A hydrogen atom that has lost its electron (a proton).

Acids are substances that release hydrogen ions.

hydrogen storage

— The methods and technology used to keep hydrogen gas for later use.

Safe hydrogen storage is a major engineering challenge.

hydrogen isotopes

— Different forms of hydrogen with varying numbers of neutrons.

Deuterium is one of the most stable hydrogen isotopes.

hydrogen spectrum

— The set of light frequencies emitted by hydrogen atoms.

The hydrogen spectrum was key to developing atomic theory.

hydrogen refueling

— The act of putting hydrogen fuel into a vehicle.

Hydrogen refueling only takes a few minutes.

hydrogen production

— The industrial process of creating hydrogen gas.

Most hydrogen production currently comes from natural gas.

hydrogen-fueled

— Driven or operated by burning hydrogen.

Hydrogen-fueled rockets are very efficient.

容易混淆的词

hydrogen vs Helium

Both are light gases, but helium is inert (safe) while hydrogen is flammable.

hydrogen vs Nitrogen

Both are colorless gases in the air, but nitrogen is much more common in Earth's atmosphere.

hydrogen vs Oxygen

They are both in water, but oxygen is what we breathe, while hydrogen is the fuel.

习语与表达

"as light as hydrogen"

— Extremely light in weight.

This new carbon fiber frame is as light as hydrogen.

Casual/Metaphorical

"the hydrogen in the room"

— A potentially explosive or sensitive topic that everyone is aware of (rare variation of 'elephant in the room').

Mentioning the budget cuts was like the hydrogen in the room; everyone knew it could blow up.

Informal

"hydrogen-clear"

— Perfectly clear or transparent (referring to the gas's properties).

The instructions were hydrogen-clear; no one made a mistake.

Inventive/Literary

"burning hydrogen at both ends"

— Working extremely hard and fast (a play on 'burning the candle at both ends').

He's been burning hydrogen at both ends to finish the project.

Slang/Humorous

"hydrogen heart"

— Someone with a very energetic or volatile personality.

She has a hydrogen heart; she's always full of energy and ready to go.

Poetic

"fueling the hydrogen"

— Adding to an already intense situation.

His comments were just fueling the hydrogen of the debate.

Informal

"hydrogen-bonded"

— Very closely connected or inseparable.

Those two friends are hydrogen-bonded; you never see them apart.

Informal/Science-geek

"first in the table"

— The most important or primary person/thing (referring to hydrogen's position).

In our family, education is always first in the table.

Metaphorical

"hydrogen-thin"

— Very sparse or lacking substance.

The evidence for the claim was hydrogen-thin.

Descriptive

"sparking the hydrogen"

— Causing a major, sudden event or reaction.

The news sparked the hydrogen of the protest.

Metaphorical

容易混淆

hydrogen vs Hydrocarbon

Both start with 'hydro'.

Hydrogen is a single element; a hydrocarbon is a molecule made of hydrogen and carbon.

Methane is a hydrocarbon, but it contains hydrogen.

hydrogen vs Hydrate

Related to water and hydrogen.

A hydrate is a substance that contains water; hydrogen is just one part of water.

You need to hydrate your body with water, which contains hydrogen.

hydrogen vs Hydrogenate

It's the verb form.

Hydrogen is the thing; hydrogenate is the action of adding it to something else.

Factories hydrogenate oil to make margarine.

hydrogen vs Hydroponics

Starts with 'hydro'.

Hydroponics is growing plants in water; it has nothing to do with pure hydrogen gas.

The farm uses hydroponics to grow lettuce.

hydrogen vs Hydraulic

Starts with 'hydro'.

Hydraulic refers to liquid pressure; hydrogen is a gas element.

The crane uses a hydraulic system.

句型

[Subject] is [Noun/Adjective].

Hydrogen is a gas.

[Subject] runs on [Fuel].

The bus runs on hydrogen.

[Subject] is used for [Gerund].

Hydrogen is used for making energy.

Due to [Noun], [Clause].

Due to its light weight, hydrogen is used in rockets.

[Noun] plays a pivotal role in [Noun Phrase].

Hydrogen plays a pivotal role in the global energy transition.

The [Noun] of [Hydrogen] necessitates [Noun].

The volatility of hydrogen necessitates stringent safety measures.

There is [Noun] in [Location].

There is hydrogen in water.

If [Subject] [Verb], then [Subject] [Verb].

If we burn hydrogen, then we get water.

词族

名词

hydrogenation

dehydrogenation

hydrocarbon

hydride

hydroxide

动词

hydrogenate

dehydrogenate

hydrolyze

形容词

hydrogenous

hydrogenated

hydrogenic

如何使用

frequency

Common in science, technology, and environmental discussions.

常见错误

Using 'a hydrogen' to mean a gas tank. → I need a tank of hydrogen.
Hydrogen is a mass noun; you need to use a container word to count it.
Capitalizing 'hydrogen' in the middle of a sentence. → The sun is made of hydrogen.
Names of elements are common nouns in English and should not be capitalized.
Pronouncing the 'hy' like 'hee'. → Pronounce it like 'high'.
The 'y' in hydrogen has a long 'i' sound.
Confusing hydrogen with hydraulic. → The car runs on hydrogen; the brakes are hydraulic.
Hydrogen is an element; hydraulic refers to liquid pressure systems.
Saying 'hydrogenated oil' is 'hydrogen oil'. → This snack contains hydrogenated oil.
Use the past participle 'hydrogenated' to describe the chemical process.

小贴士

Uncountable Noun

Treat 'hydrogen' like 'water' or 'sugar'. Don't say 'three hydrogens' unless you are in a chemistry lab talking about specific atoms.

The Soft G

The 'g' in hydrogen is soft, like the 'j' in 'juice'. Many learners mistakenly use a hard 'g' like in 'goat'.

Atomic Number 1

Remembering that hydrogen is number one on the periodic table helps you remember it is the lightest and simplest element.

Green vs Blue

In modern English, 'green hydrogen' is a very popular term. Learn it to sound up-to-date on environmental topics.

The Silent Y

Don't forget the 'y' after the 'h'. It's H-Y-D-R-O-G-E-N, not H-I-D-R-O-G-E-N.

Compound Adjectives

When using hydrogen to describe a car, you can say 'hydrogen car' or 'hydrogen-powered car'. Both are very common.

Flammability

Always associate 'hydrogen' with 'flammable' in your mind. This helps you understand safety warnings in English.

H2 Molecule

In chemistry, hydrogen gas is usually written as H2. This is useful to know if you are reading scientific papers.

The Hindenburg

Knowing about the Hindenburg disaster will help you understand why people often talk about hydrogen and safety together.

Universal Element

Remember that hydrogen is everywhere—in the sun, in water, and in you! It is the most common element.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'HY-DRO-GEN'. 'HY' like High (it's high in the sky), 'DRO' like Drop (drops of water), 'GEN' like Generator (it generates energy).

视觉联想

Imagine a giant 'H' made of water drops floating in the middle of a burning sun.

Word Web

Sun Water H2O Fuel Gas Atom Light Energy

挑战

Try to find three things in your house that contain hydrogen. (Hint: Look at anything with water or oil!)

词源

The word 'hydrogen' was coined in 1787 by the French chemist Antoine Lavoisier. He combined the Greek words 'hydro' (meaning water) and 'genes' (meaning forming or creator). He chose this name because when hydrogen burns, it 'creates' water.

原始含义： Water-former or water-creator.

Greek (via French)

文化背景

Be careful when using 'hydrogen bomb' in conversation; it is a sensitive military and historical topic.

In the US and UK, 'hydrogen' is a common topic in climate change discussions and school science fairs.

The Hindenburg Disaster (1937) The movie 'The Martian' (using hydrogen to make water) The Sun (the ultimate hydrogen machine)

在生活中练习

真实语境

Science Class

What is the atomic number of hydrogen?
Hydrogen is a non-metal.
Mix hydrogen with oxygen.
Observe the hydrogen gas.

Environmental News

Green hydrogen production.
Hydrogen fuel cells.
Zero-emission hydrogen.
Transition to hydrogen energy.

Astronomy

The sun fuses hydrogen.
Interstellar hydrogen clouds.
Hydrogen is the most abundant element.
Stars are made of hydrogen.

Health and Cooking

Hydrogenated vegetable oil.
Hydrogen peroxide for cuts.
Hydrogen-rich water.
Avoid hydrogenated fats.

Industrial Safety

Hydrogen leak detection.
Flammable hydrogen gas.
High-pressure hydrogen tank.
Hydrogen safety protocols.

对话开场白

"Do you think hydrogen cars will eventually replace electric cars with batteries?"

"Did you know that water is mostly made of hydrogen atoms?"

"Have you ever heard about 'green hydrogen' in the news lately?"

"I learned today that the sun is mostly hydrogen. Isn't that amazing?"

"Why do you think hydrogen is so important for the future of our planet?"

日记主题

Imagine a world where all cars run on hydrogen. How would the air in your city change?

Write about a science experiment where you discover a new use for hydrogen gas.

If you were a hydrogen atom, where in the universe would you want to be: in a star or in a drop of water?

Explain why hydrogen is called the 'water-former' based on what you learned today.

Describe the pros and cons of using hydrogen as a fuel compared to gasoline.

常见问题

10 个问题

Yes, hydrogen is highly flammable and can be explosive when mixed with oxygen and ignited by a spark. This is why it must be stored and handled with extreme care in industrial and automotive settings. Historical events like the Hindenburg disaster highlight these risks.

Hydrogen is not toxic, but you cannot breathe it to stay alive like oxygen. If a room is filled only with hydrogen, you would suffocate because there is no oxygen for your lungs. It is an odorless gas, so you wouldn't even know it was there.

Hydrogen is called 'green' when it is produced using renewable energy sources like wind or solar power through a process called electrolysis. This means the production process doesn't release any carbon dioxide, making it environmentally friendly.

Most of the hydrogen on Earth is not found as a gas. Instead, it is locked up in chemical compounds. The most common place is in water (H2O). It is also found in plants, animals, and fossil fuels like oil and natural gas.

No, they are different elements. Hydrogen is the first element and is very reactive and flammable. Helium is the second element and is a 'noble gas,' meaning it does not react with anything and is not flammable. Both are very light.

The most common way to make hydrogen today is by 'steam reforming' natural gas. However, a cleaner way is 'electrolysis,' where you use electricity to split water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen gases.

Pure hydrogen has no smell at all. If you smell something 'gassy' near a hydrogen tank, it is likely an added chemical (like sulfur) used to help people detect leaks, or it might be a different gas entirely.

In the past, hydrogen was used in balloons and airships because it is very light. However, because it catches fire so easily, it has mostly been replaced by helium, which is safer even though it is slightly heavier.

A hydrogen bond is a type of attractive force between a hydrogen atom in one molecule and an atom like oxygen or nitrogen in another molecule. These bonds are what give water its special properties, like its high boiling point.

On Earth, hydrogen is a non-metal gas. However, scientists believe that under extreme pressure, like in the center of the planet Jupiter, hydrogen can actually turn into a liquid metal that conducts electricity.

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