§ Basic use of 'ilm'
You've learned that 'ilm' means 'weather'. Now let's see how it behaves in sentences. It's pretty straightforward, similar to 'weather' in English.
- Estonian word
- ilm
- Meaning
- weather
Milline on ilm täna?
Translation hint: What is the weather today?
Ilm on ilus.
Translation hint: The weather is beautiful.
§ Describing the weather
When you want to talk about specific weather conditions, you often combine 'ilm' with an adjective or another noun. Here are some common ways.
- Good weather: hea ilm
- Bad weather: halb ilm
- Rainy weather: vihmane ilm
- Sunny weather: päikesepaisteline ilm
Täna on vihmane ilm.
Translation hint: Today it is rainy weather.
Ma armastan päikesepaistelist ilma.
Translation hint: I love sunny weather.
§ Common phrases with 'ilm'
Here are some useful phrases you can start using right away.
- What's the weather like? Milline ilm on? (More casual)
- The weather is cold/warm. Ilm on külm/soe.
- The weather is changing. Ilm muutub.
Prognoosi kohaselt ilm muutub homme.
Translation hint: According to the forecast, the weather will change tomorrow.
§ 'Ilm' in conjunction with time expressions
You can easily combine 'ilm' with words that indicate time, such as 'täna' (today), 'homme' (tomorrow), 'eile' (yesterday), 'hommikul' (in the morning), 'õhtul' (in the evening).
Eile oli ilm väga tuuline.
Translation hint: Yesterday the weather was very windy.
Hommikul oli ilm jahe.
Translation hint: In the morning the weather was cool.
Keep practicing these simple sentences and phrases. The more you hear and use 'ilm', the more natural it will become in your Estonian conversations. Great job so far!
难度评级
short
short
short
short
接下来学什么
接下来学习
高级
按水平分级的例句
Erinevalt varasematest sajanditest, kus ilm oli sageli elukutse ja isegi saatuse kujundaja, on tänapäeval meie võime ilmastikutingimusi ennustada ja nendega kohaneda oluliselt paranenud.
Unlike previous centuries, where weather often shaped professions and even destiny, today our ability to predict and adapt to weather conditions has significantly improved.
The genitive form 'ilmastikutingimusi' (weather conditions) is used after 'kohandama' (to adapt).
Kuigi kevadine ilm pakub tavaliselt rõõmu, võib ettearvamatu temperatuurikõikumine põhjustada ebamugavusi ja isegi ootamatuid terviseprobleeme.
Although spring weather usually brings joy, unpredictable temperature fluctuations can cause discomfort and even unexpected health problems.
The partitive form 'ebamugavusi' (discomforts) is used after 'põhjustama' (to cause).
Ajalooliselt on eesti rahvas olnud tugevalt seotud maaeluga, kus iga-aastane saak sõltus suuresti sellest, kuidas ilm soosis põlluharimist.
Historically, the Estonian people have been strongly connected to rural life, where the annual harvest largely depended on how the weather favored farming.
The illative form 'maaeluga' (with rural life) is used after 'seotud' (connected).
Globaalse kliimamuutuse tõttu on äärmuslikud ilmastikunähtused, nagu tormid ja üleujutused, sagenenud, nõudes uusi lähenemisviise linnaplaneerimises ja taristu arenduses.
Due to global climate change, extreme weather phenomena, such as storms and floods, have become more frequent, demanding new approaches in urban planning and infrastructure development.
The partitive form 'äärmuslikud ilmastikunähtused' (extreme weather phenomena) is the subject of the sentence, followed by the passive verb 'sagenenud' (have become more frequent).
Pikka aega oli mereilm ettearvamatu ja ohtlik, kuid kaasaegne tehnoloogia võimaldab meremeestel saada täpset informatsiooni ja vältida potentsiaalseid katastroofe.
For a long time, sea weather was unpredictable and dangerous, but modern technology allows sailors to receive accurate information and avoid potential catastrophes.
The elative form 'pikka aega' (for a long time) indicates duration.
Teadlased uurivad pidevalt, kuidas päikese aktiivsuse tsüklid mõjutavad Maa kliimat ja kuidas see omakorda peegeldub lokaalses ilmas.
Scientists are constantly studying how solar activity cycles affect Earth's climate and how this, in turn, is reflected in local weather.
The illative form 'lokaalses ilmas' (in local weather) is used after 'peegelduma' (to be reflected).
Lapsepõlve mälestused suvepuhkustest on sageli seotud päikeselise ilmaga, mis loob nostalgilise tunde ja igatsuse möödunud aegade järele.
Childhood memories of summer vacations are often associated with sunny weather, which creates a nostalgic feeling and longing for times past.
The comitative form 'päikeselise ilmaga' (with sunny weather) is used after 'seotud' (associated).
Erinevate kultuuride folkloor ja mütoloogia on rikkad lugudest, kus ilm mängib olulist rolli kangelaste seiklustes ja jumalate tahte ilmingutes.
The folklore and mythology of different cultures are rich with stories where weather plays a significant role in heroes' adventures and manifestations of divine will.
The inessive form 'kangelaste seiklustes' (in heroes' adventures) is used after 'rolli mängima' (to play a role).
自我测试 30 个问题
Eile oli ____ külm ilm. (Yesterday the weather was very cold.)
To express 'very cold weather', 'väga' (very) is the most suitable intensifier here.
Ma loodan, et homme on hea ____. (I hope the weather will be good tomorrow.)
The context implies a wish for favorable atmospheric conditions, for which 'ilm' (weather) is the correct word.
Mis ____ täna on? (What is the weather like today?)
The question asks about the current atmospheric conditions, so 'ilm' (weather) is the correct word.
Suvel on ____ tavaliselt soe ja päikeseline. (In summer, the weather is usually warm and sunny.)
The sentence describes general summer conditions, making 'ilm' (weather) the logical choice to complete the thought.
Halb ____ võib reisiplaanid rikkuda. (Bad weather can ruin travel plans.)
Only 'ilm' (weather) fits the context of ruining travel plans due to atmospheric conditions.
Kas sulle meeldib vihmase ____ istuda toas ja raamatut lugeda? (Do you like to sit indoors and read a book in rainy weather?)
The dative case 'ilmal' is required here when talking about 'in rainy weather'.
This is a common way to ask 'How is the weather today?' in Estonian. 'Kuidas' means 'how', 'on' is 'is', 'täna' is 'today', and 'ilm' is 'weather'.
'Eile' means 'yesterday', 'oli' is 'was', 'väga' means 'very', 'ilus' is 'beautiful', and 'ilm' is 'weather'. So, 'Yesterday the weather was very beautiful.'
'Prognoos' means 'forecast', 'lubab' means 'promises' or 'predicts', 'homseks' is 'for tomorrow', 'päikesepaistelist' is 'sunny', and 'ilma' is 'weather' (in the genitive case here).
Pay close attention to how Estonians discuss meteorological phenomena related to climate change.
An expert is explaining the forecast for long-term weather changes in our region. What are the main threats?
A local resident describes how unusual weather conditions have affected their daily life and agriculture.
Read this aloud:
Arutlege sõbraga kliimamuutuste mõju üle Eesti ilmastikule, kasutades keerukaid verbivorme ja nimisõnafraase.
Focus: kliimamuutuste, ilmastikule, keerukaid verbivorme
你说的：
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
Kirjeldage üksikasjalikult ebatavalist ilmastikunähtust, mida olete viimasel ajal Eestis kogenud, pakkudes välja selle võimalikke põhjuseid ja tagajärgi.
Focus: üksikasjalikult, ilmastikunähtust, kogenud, põhjuseid, tagajärgi
你说的：
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
Esitage oma vaatenurk teadlaste väidete kohta globaalse soojenemise mõjust polaaralade ilmastikule ja elukeskkonnale.
Focus: vaatenurk, teadlaste väidete, globaalse soojenemise, polaaralade, elukeskkonnale
你说的：
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
This sentence discusses the instability of weather forecasts in recent weeks. 'Viimased nädalad' (last weeks) is the subject, followed by the verb 'on' (have been). 'Ilmastiku prognoosid' (weather forecasts) specifies what has been unstable, and 'üsna ebastabiilsed' (quite unstable) describes their state.
This sentence describes how recent significant weather changes have made road conditions dangerous. 'Viimastel aegadel' (in recent times) sets the timeframe. 'Ilm on teinud suuri muutusi' (the weather has made big changes) explains the cause. 'Ja need teed on olukorra ohtlikuks teinud' (and these roads have made the situation dangerous) explains the consequence.
This sentence highlights how the influence of weather on our behavior and decisions is often underestimated. The subordinate clause 'Kuidas ilm mõjutab meie käitumist ja otsuseid' (How weather influences our behavior and decisions) acts as the subject of the main clause 'on sageli alamhinnatud' (is often underestimated).
The unpredictable weather further complicates the situation.
Global warming points to potential climate changes.
Species need adaptive strategies to withstand extreme weather.
/ 30 correct
Perfect score!
