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A1 noun #400 最常用 8分钟阅读

آدم

前400

开始练习例句笔记与提示 آدم 30秒了解

解析 آدم in your Level:

At the A1 level, 'آدم' (Âdam) is one of the first nouns you learn. It simply means 'person.' You use it to identify people around you. For example, 'این آدم' (this person) or 'آن آدم' (that person). You also learn it in the context of basic adjectives, like 'آدمِ خوب' (good person) or 'آدمِ بد' (bad person). At this stage, you don't need to worry about the deep philosophical meanings; just focus on using it as a basic label for a human being. You might also see it in the word 'آدم‌برفی' (snowman) during winter lessons. It is a very stable word that doesn't change much, making it easy for beginners to grasp. Just remember the 'e' sound (Ezafe) when you describe the person with an adjective!

At the A2 level, you start using 'آدم' in more complex sentences. You learn how to make it plural ('آدم‌ها') and how to use it as a direct object with 'را'. You also begin to see the difference between 'آدم' and 'نفر' (the counter for people). An A2 student should be able to say things like 'من این آدم را دوست دارم' (I like this person) or 'در این عکس، پنج نفر هستند' (In this photo, there are five people). You might also start encountering 'آدم' in common compound words and simple idioms. It becomes a tool for describing people's basic characteristics and roles in a story.

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At the B1 level, you discover that 'آدم' can be used as an impersonal pronoun, similar to 'one' or 'you' in English. For example, 'آدم در ایران احساس مهمان‌نوازی می‌کند' (One feels hospitality in Iran). This is a major step in sounding more like a native speaker. You also start to understand the cultural nuance of 'آدم بودن' as a moral quality. A B1 student should be able to discuss character traits using 'آدم,' such as 'آدمِ حسابی' (a reliable/proper person) or 'آدمِ شوخ' (a funny person). You'll also see it more frequently in media and simple literature.

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At the B2 level, you should be comfortable with the word's use in various registers. You understand when to use 'آدم' versus 'انسان' or 'فرد' based on the context's formality. You also start learning more complex idioms and proverbs involving 'آدم,' such as 'آدم به آدم می‌رسد' (People eventually meet each other). You can use 'آدم' to express abstract ideas about human nature and society. Your sentences become more nuanced, using 'آدم' to reflect on general truths about life and behavior. You also recognize the word in more advanced grammatical structures, like the 'y-e liyaqat' (âdami - a person who is.../humanity).

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At the C1 level, 'آدم' is used with full stylistic awareness. You can appreciate its use in classical poetry (like Saadi or Rumi) where it represents the 'Universal Man' or the struggle of the human soul. You understand the subtle irony or sarcasm when 'آدم' is used in certain social contexts. You can write essays comparing 'آدمیت' (humanity/morality) with 'بشریت' (the human race). You are also familiar with obscure idioms and literary references. At this level, 'آدم' is no longer just a word for 'person'; it is a philosophical concept that you can manipulate to express complex thoughts on ethics and existence.

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At the C2 level, you have a near-native grasp of 'آدم.' You can detect the slightest shift in meaning based on tone and context. You can use the word in high-level academic discourse, legal contexts (knowing when *not* to use it), and sophisticated creative writing. You are aware of the etymological roots and how they influence modern usage. You can effortlessly switch between the colloquial 'آدم‌ا' and the formal 'آدمیان.' For a C2 learner, 'آدم' is a versatile tool that can be used to evoke deep emotion, provide sharp social commentary, or engage in profound philosophical debate, all while maintaining perfect linguistic decorum.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

آدم 30秒了解

Âdam is the standard Persian word for 'person' or 'human,' used in all levels of speech from casual to formal.
It is gender-neutral and can also function as an impersonal pronoun like 'one' or 'you' in English generalities.
Culturally, it implies moral character; 'being an Âdam' means being a good, ethical, and civilized human being.
Avoid using it as a counter for people; use 'nafar' instead when specifying a number of individuals.

The Persian word آدم (Âdam) is one of the most fundamental and versatile nouns in the Persian language. At its core, it translates to 'person' or 'human being,' but its usage spans from the most basic identification of a human to deep philosophical discussions about morality and the essence of humanity. Derived from the Semitic root referring to the first human, Adam, it carries a weight of universality. In everyday Persian, you will hear it used to describe individuals, to act as an impersonal pronoun similar to the English 'one' or 'you,' and to define the quality of being 'civilized' or 'well-behaved.'

The General Individual: In its simplest form, 'آدم' refers to any person. Unlike 'شخص' (shakhs), which can feel slightly more formal or legalistic, 'آدم' is warm, common, and used in almost every social context. When you see someone walking down the street, they are an 'آدم.'
The Impersonal 'One': Persian speakers frequently use 'آدم' to make general statements about human experience. For example, 'آدم نباید دروغ بگوید' (One should not lie). In this context, it isn't referring to a specific man or woman, but to the collective 'we' or the general 'person.'
The Moral Standard: In Persian culture, 'آدم بودن' (being a person) is a compliment of the highest order. It implies being ethical, kind, and honorable. If someone says 'او واقعاً آدم است' (He is truly a person), they aren't stating a biological fact; they are praising his character.

«بنی‌آدم اعضای یکدیگرند، که در آفرینش ز یک گوهرند»
— Saadi Shirazi: 'The children of Adam are limbs of one another, who in creation are of one essence.'

آن آدم کیست؟ (Who is that person?)

The word is also used in compound verbs and phrases. For instance, 'آدم‌برفی' (Adam-e barfi) literally means 'snow person'—the Persian word for snowman. Similarly, 'آدم‌خوار' (Adam-khâr) means 'man-eater' or 'cannibal.' This flexibility makes it a building block for many other concepts in the language. Whether you are reading a high-level philosophical text or just ordering tea at a café, 'آدم' will be there. It is the bridge between the biological human and the spiritual individual.

هر آدمی یک داستانی دارد. (Every person has a story.)

Using 'آدم' in a sentence is relatively straightforward, but there are grammatical nuances that can elevate your Persian from basic to fluent. Because it is a noun, it follows standard Persian rules for pluralization, definite/indefinite markers, and the use of the object marker 'را' (râ). However, its role as a generic subject is where it truly shines in daily speech.

Singular vs. Plural: To say 'a person,' you add the indefinite 'ی' (yee) to the end: 'آدمی' (âdami). To make it plural, you add 'ها' (hâ): 'آدم‌ها' (âdam-hâ). In formal writing, you might see 'آدمیان' (âdami-yân), though this is rare in speech.
The Direct Object: If the person is the specific object of a verb, use 'را'. For example: 'من آن آدم را می‌شناسم' (I know that person). Without 'را', it becomes indefinite: 'من آدمِ خوبی دیدم' (I saw a good person).

چند آدم در اتاق هستند؟ (How many people are in the room?)

One of the most common ways to use 'آدم' is in the 'Ezafe' construction, where it is linked to an adjective. 'آدمِ بزرگ' (a big/great person), 'آدمِ برفی' (snowman), or 'آدمِ حسابی' (a respectable/proper person). Note that 'آدم' can also act as a placeholder for 'one' in proverbs and general advice. In these cases, it often takes the singular form even if it refers to people in general.

آدم نباید وقتش را تلف کند. (One should not waste their time.)

In colloquial Persian, 'آدم' is often used to refer to oneself in a humble or indirect way. Instead of saying 'I am tired,' a person might say 'آدم خسته می‌شود' (A person gets tired), implying that anyone in their situation would feel the same. This adds a layer of shared human experience to the conversation.

You will encounter 'آدم' everywhere—from the bustling bazaars of Tehran to the refined verses of classical Persian poetry. It is a word that transcends social class. In a taxi, the driver might complain about 'آدم‌های این زمانه' (people of these times). In a university lecture, a professor might discuss 'حقوق آدم' (human rights, though 'حقوق بشر' is more common). It is the bread and butter of Persian social interaction.

In the Marketplace: 'اینجا خیلی آدم هست!' (There are so many people here!). You'll hear this in crowded places like the Grand Bazaar or on the Metro during rush hour.
In Family Life: Parents often use 'آدم' to teach children manners. 'مثل آدم بشین' (Sit like a [proper] person/human) is a common phrase telling a child to sit still and behave.

او آدم خیلی باهوشی است. (He is a very smart person.)

In Iranian cinema and TV dramas, 'آدم' is used to build character. A villain might be described as 'بی‌آدم' (without humanity) or 'ناآدم' (not a person/inhumane). Conversely, a hero is often called a 'مردِ آدم' or simply 'آدمِ واقعی' (a real person). The word is deeply tied to the Iranian concept of 'Adab' (etiquette/culture). To be an 'آدم' is to have 'Adab.'

همه آدم‌ها اشتباه می‌کنند. (All people make mistakes.)

While 'آدم' is a simple word, English speakers often make a few predictable errors when integrating it into their Persian. The most common mistake involves counting, followed by confusing it with more formal synonyms like 'فرد' (fard) or 'شخص' (shakhs).

The Counting Error: In English, we say 'five people.' In Persian, while 'پنج آدم' is technically understandable, it sounds very unnatural. You should use the counter 'نفر' (nafar). Correct: 'پنج نفر' (five persons). Use 'آدم' when talking about people in general, not when counting specific quantities.
Confusing 'آدم' with 'بشر': 'بشر' (bashar) also means human, but it is much more scientific or collective. You wouldn't call your friend a 'بشر' in a casual way; you'd use 'آدم.' Use 'بشر' for 'mankind' or 'the human race' in academic contexts.

Incorrect: من دو آدم دیدم. (I saw two people.)
Correct: من دو نفر را دیدم.

Another mistake is overusing 'آدم' in very formal writing. In a legal document or a formal news report, 'فرد' (fard - individual) or 'شخص' (shakhs - person/entity) is preferred. 'آدم' has a slightly more 'earthy' and informal feel. Also, remember that 'آدم' is gender-neutral. It applies to men, women, and children equally.

Persian has a rich vocabulary for 'personhood.' Choosing the right word depends on the level of formality and the specific nuance you want to convey. Here is how 'آدم' compares to its closest relatives.

آدم (Âdam) vs. انسان (Ensân): 'Ensân' is more formal and philosophical. It refers to 'humanity' as a species. 'Âdam' is the everyday word for a person. You'll hear 'Ensân' in poetry, science, and philosophy. You'll hear 'Âdam' in the kitchen and the street.
آدم (Âdam) vs. شخص (Shakhs): 'Shakhs' is 'person' in a more formal or specific sense. It is often used in administrative contexts or when referring to a 'personality' (shakhsiyat). 'Âdam' is more general and less stiff.
آدم (Âdam) vs. نفر (Nafar): As mentioned, 'Nafar' is primarily a counter. While it means 'person,' you use it when you are specifying a number. 'چند نفر؟' (How many people?) vs. 'چه آدمی؟' (What kind of person?).

او یک فردِ معمولی است. (He is an ordinary individual - slightly more formal than 'âdam'.)

In summary, use 'آدم' for 90% of your daily conversations. It is the most natural, versatile, and culturally resonant word for 'person' in Persian. Reserve 'Ensân' for deep thoughts, 'Shakhs' for formal situations, and 'Nafar' for counting.

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

In Persian, 'آدم' is used so broadly that it can even refer to a 'snowman' (آدم‌برفی), literally 'Snow Adam.' It shows how the name of the first man became the generic word for any human-like figure.

发音指南

UK /ɑːˈdæm/

US /ɑːˈdæm/

The stress is typically on the second syllable: â-DAM.

押韵词

عالم (Âlam) خاتم (Khâtam) ماتم (Mâtam) با هم (Bâ ham) کم (Kam - partial) غم (Gham - partial) دم (Dam) نم (Nam)

常见错误

Pronouncing the first 'â' like the 'a' in 'cat' (it should be deep like 'father').
Making the 'd' too explosive (Persian 'd' is dental and softer).
Stressing the first syllable instead of the second.
Ignoring the distinction between 'â' and 'a'.
In compounds, forgetting the Ezafe link.

难度评级

阅读 1/5

Very easy to recognize and read. Two simple letters.

写作 1/5

One of the easiest words to write in Persian script.

口语 2/5

Easy to say, but requires correct 'â' vs 'a' distinction.

听力 2/5

Easy to hear, but can be confused with 'dam' (breath/moment) if not careful.

接下来学什么

前置知识

من (Man - I) است (Ast - Is) خوب (Khub - Good)

接下来学习

زن (Zan - Woman) مرد (Mard - Man) بچه (Bach-che - Child)

高级

انسانیت (Ensâniyat - Humanity) شخصیت (Shakhsiyat - Personality) فردیت (Fardiyat - Individuality)

需要掌握的语法

Ezafe Construction

آدمِ خوب (Âdam-e khub) - The short 'e' links the noun to the adjective.

Indefinite 'i'

آدمی (Âdami) - Adding 'i' to the end makes it 'a person'.

Pluralization with -hâ

آدم‌ها (Âdam-hâ) - The standard plural form for 'people'.

Direct Object Marker 'râ'

من آن آدم را دیدم (I saw that person).

Impersonal Subject

آدم خسته می‌شود (One gets tired).

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按水平分级的例句

این آدم کیست؟

Who is this person?

Simple question with 'ki' (who).

او آدم خوبی است.

He/She is a good person.

Use of Ezafe (-e) between 'âdam' and 'khub'.

من یک آدم می‌بینم.

I see a person.

Indefinite 'yek' and the verb 'bin' (to see).

آن آدم خوشحال است.

That person is happy.

Demonstrative 'ân' (that).

آدم‌برفی بزرگ است.

The snowman is big.

Compound word 'âdam-barfi'.

این آدم برادر من است.

This person is my brother.

Possessive 'man' (my).

آدم‌ها اینجا هستند.

The people are here.

Plural marker '-hâ'.

یک آدم در ماشین است.

A person is in the car.

Preposition 'dar' (in).

من آن آدم را می‌شناسم.

I know that person.

Direct object marker 'râ' after 'âdam'.

چند آدم در پارک هستند؟

How many people are in the park?

Question word 'chand' (how many).

او آدمِ خیلی مهربانی است.

He/She is a very kind person.

Adverb 'kheyli' (very) modifying the adjective.

آدم‌ها به غذا نیاز دارند.

People need food.

Plural subject with the verb 'niyâz dâshtan'.

آن آدمِ بلندقد کیست؟

Who is that tall person?

Compound adjective 'boland-ghad'.

من با آن آدم حرف زدم.

I talked with that person.

Preposition 'bâ' (with).

آدم‌های زیادی در شهر زندگی می‌کنند.

Many people live in the city.

Adjective 'ziyâd' (many) in plural construction.

این آدمِ عجیبی است.

This is a strange person.

Adjective 'ajib' (strange).

آدم نباید دروغ بگوید.

One should not lie.

Impersonal use of 'âdam' as 'one'.

او واقعاً آدمِ حسابی است.

He is truly a respectable/proper person.

Idiomatic use of 'âdam-e hesâbi'.

آدم وقتی خسته است، باید استراحت کند.

When one is tired, one should rest.

Conditional 'vaghti' with impersonal 'âdam'.

او آدمِ شوخی است و همه را می‌خنداند.

He is a funny person and makes everyone laugh.

Causative verb 'khandândan'.

آدم چطور می‌تواند این کار را انجام دهد؟

How can one do this task?

Question word 'chetor' (how) with 'âdam'.

او آدمِ باخدایی است.

He is a God-fearing/pious person.

Compound adjective 'bâ-khodâ'.

آدم در این هوا سرما می‌خورد.

One catches a cold in this weather.

Idiomatic 'sarmâ khordan' (to catch a cold).

او آدمِ دهن‌بینی است.

He is a person who is easily influenced by what others say.

Idiomatic compound 'dahan-bin'.

آدم به آدم می‌رسد، کوه به کوه نمی‌رسد.

People meet each other, but mountains do not (proverb).

Classic Persian proverb about destiny and connection.

او آدمِ بافرهنگ و فرهیخته‌ای است.

He is a cultured and educated person.

Formal adjectives 'bâ-farhang' and 'farhikhte'.

آدم نباید به هر کسی اعتماد کند.

One should not trust just anyone.

Use of 'har kasi' (anyone).

او آدمِ دورویی است و نباید به او تکیه کرد.

He is a two-faced person and should not be relied upon.

Idiomatic 'do-ru' (two-faced).

آدم وقتی پیر می‌شود، به گذشته فکر می‌کند.

When one gets old, one thinks about the past.

Impersonal 'âdam' in a reflective sentence.

او آدمِ کله‌شقی است و حرف کسی را گوش نمی‌دهد.

He is a stubborn person and doesn't listen to anyone.

Colloquial 'kalle-shagh' (stubborn).

آدم از شنیدن این خبر تعجب می‌کند.

One is surprised to hear this news.

Gerund 'shenidan' (hearing).

او آدمِ خیرخواهی است و به فقرا کمک می‌کند.

He is a benevolent person and helps the poor.

Compound adjective 'kheyr-khâh'.

آدمیت به جامه و لباس نیست.

Humanity is not about clothes and attire.

Abstract noun 'âdamiyat' (humanity/virtue).

او آدمِ دنیا‌دیده‌ای است و تجربیات زیادی دارد.

He is a worldly/experienced person and has many experiences.

Compound adjective 'donyâ-dide'.

آدم در کشاکش دهر سنگ زیرین آسیا می‌شود.

In the struggles of time, one becomes the bottom grindstone (bears the heavy burden).

Literary metaphor using 'âdam'.

او آدمِ توداری است و احساساتش را بروز نمی‌دهد.

He is a reserved person and does not reveal his feelings.

Idiomatic 'tu-dâr' (reserved/secretive).

آدمی را آدمیت لازم است.

A human needs humanity (moral character).

Use of 'râ' as a dative marker in classical style.

او آدمِ فرصت‌طلبی است که از هر موقعیتی سود می‌جوید.

He is an opportunistic person who profits from every situation.

Compound 'forsat-talab'.

آدم گاهی در تنهایی خویش گم می‌شود.

One sometimes gets lost in their own loneliness.

Reflective and poetic use of 'âdam'.

او آدمِ یک‌دنده‌ای است و هرگز کوتاه نمی‌آید.

He is a very stubborn person and never backs down.

Idiomatic 'yek-dande' (stubborn).

رسد آدمی به جایی که به جز خدا نبیند.

A human reaches a place where they see nothing but God.

Famous line by Saadi; 'âdami' as the universal human soul.

او آدمِ صاحب‌نامی در عرصه سیاست است.

He is a renowned/famous person in the field of politics.

Formal compound 'sâheb-nâm'.

آدم در مواجهه با مرگ به حقارت خویش پی می‌برد.

One realizes one's own insignificance when facing death.

Philosophical discourse using 'âdam'.

او آدمِ بوقلمون‌صفتی است که هر لحظه رنگ عوض می‌کند.

He is a chameleon-like person who changes colors (opinions) every moment.

Highly literary idiom 'bughalamun-sefat'.

آدمی در عالم خاکی نمی‌آید به دست.

A [true] human is not easily found in this earthly world.

Classical poetic structure (Hafez).

او آدمِ کج‌خیالی است که همه چیز را منفی می‌بیند.

He is a paranoid/distorted-thinking person who sees everything negatively.

Compound 'kaj-khiyâl'.

آدم باید در ناملایمات روزگار صبور باشد.

One must be patient during the hardships of time.

Formal vocabulary 'nâ-molâyemât'.

او آدمِ تهی‌مغزی است که فقط ادعا دارد.

He is a shallow/empty-headed person who only makes claims.

Pejorative compound 'tohi-maghz'.

常见搭配

آدمِ خوب

آدمِ بد

آدمِ حسابی

آدمِ بزرگ

آدمِ برفی

آدمِ معمولی

آدمِ باهوش

آدمِ نادان

آدمِ پولدار

آدمِ بیکار

常用短语

مثل آدم

— Properly or decently. Often used to tell someone to behave.

مثل آدم رفتار کن!

آدمِ خودش

— Someone's own man/henchman. Someone who works for another.

او آدمِ رئیس است.

آدمِ فضایی

— Alien or extraterrestrial.

آیا به آدم‌های فضایی باور داری؟

آدمِ آهنی

— Robot.

این اسباب‌بازی یک آدمِ آهنی است.

آدمِ خیر

— A charitable person or benefactor.

یک آدمِ خیر هزینه را پرداخت کرد.

آدمِ بیکس

— A lonely person with no family or friends.

او یک آدمِ بیکس و تنهاست.

آدمِ همه‌فن‌حریف

— A jack-of-all-trades; someone good at everything.

او یک آدمِ همه‌فن‌حریف است.

آدمِ دهن‌لق

— A big-mouth; someone who can't keep a secret.

مواظب باش، او آدمِ دهن‌لقی است.

آدمِ یک‌لا‌قبا

— A poor or humble person with no possessions.

او یک آدمِ یک‌لا‌قبای ساده است.

آدمِ سرشناس

— A well-known or prominent person.

او آدمِ سرشناسی در این شهر است.

容易混淆的词

آدم vs نفر (Nafar)

Use 'nafar' for counting (e.g., 5 nafar), use 'âdam' for general description.

آدم vs دم (Dam)

Dam means 'breath' or 'moment.' It sounds like the second syllable of Âdam.

آدم vs عدم (Adam)

Adam (with a different 'a') means 'non-existence' or 'lack.' Be careful with pronunciation.

习语与表达

"آدم شدن"

— To become civilized, to learn manners, or to reform oneself.

بالاخره بعد از سال‌ها آدم شد.

Informal

"آدم به آدم می‌رسه"

— The world is small; people will eventually meet again.

نگران نباش، آدم به آدم می‌رسه.

Neutral

"آدم را آدم می‌سازد"

— People are shaped by their interactions with others.

همیشه یادت باشد که آدم را آدم می‌سازد.

Literary

"آدمِ کسی بودن"

— To be someone's subordinate or lackey.

من آدمِ تو نیستم!

Informal

"آدم حساب کردن"

— To take someone seriously or treat them with respect.

او اصلاً مرا آدم حساب نکرد.

Informal

"آدمِ روزگار"

— A person of the world; someone experienced.

او آدمِ روزگار است و سرد و گرم را چشیده.

Literary

"آدمِ دم‌دمی‌مزاج"

— A moody or fickle person.

با آدمِ دم‌دمی‌مزاج نمی‌توان معامله کرد.

Neutral

"آدمِ نون‌به‌نرخ‌روز‌خور"

— An opportunist who changes with the wind.

او یک آدمِ نون‌به‌نرخ‌روز‌خور واقعی است.

Informal/Critical

"آدمِ چشم‌وپاک"

— A chaste or honorable person (regarding their gaze).

او آدمِ چشم‌وپاکی است.

Neutral

"آدمِ حرف‌شنو"

— An obedient or reasonable person.

بچه باید آدمِ حرف‌شنویی باشد.

Neutral

容易混淆

آدم vs انسان (Ensân)

Both mean human.

Ensân is more formal/scientific; Âdam is more common/personal.

حقوق انسان vs. آدمِ خوب.

آدم vs مردم (Mardom)

Both refer to people.

Mardom is plural (the people/public); Âdam is singular (a person).

مردم ایران vs. این آدم.

آدم vs فرد (Fard)

Both mean individual.

Fard is formal/statistical; Âdam is everyday.

هر فرد vs. یک آدم.

آدم vs شخص (Shakhs)

Both mean person.

Shakhs is formal/legal; Âdam is warm/casual.

شخصِ ثالث vs. آدمِ مهربان.

آدم vs بشر (Bashar)

Both mean human.

Bashar is collective/academic; Âdam is individual/casual.

آینده بشر vs. آن آدم.

句型

[Subject] آدمِ [Adjective] است.

او آدمِ خوبی است.

من [Demonstrative] آدم را [Verb].

من این آدم را می‌شناسم.

آدم نباید [Verb].

آدم نباید بترسد.

او آدمِ [Compound Adjective]ای است.

او آدمِ کله‌شقی است.

آدمی را [Noun] لازم است.

آدمی را صداقت لازم است.

رسد آدمی به جایی که...

رسد آدمی به جایی که بجز خدا نبیند.

Mixed

مثلِ آدم [Verb]!

مثلِ آدم حرف بزن!

Mixed

چه آدمِ [Adjective]ای!

چه آدمِ عجیبی!

词族

名词

آدمیت (Âdamiyat - Humanity/Morality)

آدم‌کشی (Âdam-koshi - Homicide)

آدم‌ربایی (Âdam-robâyi - Kidnapping)

آدم‌خواری (Âdam-khâri - Cannibalism)

动词

آدم شدن (Âdam shodan - To become civilized/reformed)

آدم کردن (Âdam kardan - To civilize/train someone)

形容词

آدم‌وار (Âdam-vâr - Human-like/Decent)

ناآدم (Nâ-âdam - Inhumane)

بی‌آدم (Bi-âdam - Lacking people/humanity)

如何使用

frequency

Extremely high; one of the top 100 most used nouns in Persian.

常见错误

Using 'Âdam' to count people (e.g., 'Se âdam'). → Use 'nafar' (e.g., 'Se nafar').
In Persian, 'nafar' is the mandatory counter for humans in most contexts.
Pronouncing 'Âdam' with a short 'a' at the start. → Use the long 'â' (like 'father').
A short 'a' changes the word to 'Adam' (non-existence), which is totally different.
Forgetting the Ezafe in 'Âdam khub'. → Âdam-e khub.
Adjectives must be linked to nouns with the Ezafe sound.
Using 'Âdam' in very formal legal documents. → Use 'Shakhs' or 'Fard'.
'Âdam' is too informal/earthy for legal or high-level administrative writing.
Thinking 'Âdam' only refers to men. → It refers to all humans.
Despite the biblical origin, it is a completely gender-neutral term in modern Persian.

小贴士

Don't forget the Ezafe

When adding an adjective like 'good' (khub), always say 'Âdam-e khub.' The 'e' sound is essential.

Moral Nuance

Remember that calling someone an 'Âdam' is a compliment to their character, not just their species.

Snowman Fun

Use 'Âdam-barfi' in winter to impress your Persian friends. It's a very common and friendly word.

Impersonal 'One'

Try using 'Âdam' instead of 'Man' (I) when talking about general feelings to sound more native.

Spoken Plural

Listen for 'Âdam-â' in movies. It's the casual version of 'Âdam-hâ'.

Formal Alternatives

In essays, swap 'Âdam' for 'Ensân' or 'Fard' to increase the level of formality.

Respectable Person

Learn 'Âdam-e hesâbi.' It's a great way to describe someone you respect professionally or personally.

Counting People

Always use 'nafar' as the counter for people. 'Panj nafar' is better than 'Panj âdam'.

Biblical Root

Knowing it comes from 'Adam' helps you remember it means 'person' or 'human'.

Human Connection

Use 'Âdam' when you want to emphasize the human element in a story or situation.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of the first man, 'Adam.' In Persian, every 'person' is an 'Adam.'

视觉联想

Visualize a generic 'stick figure' or a 'snowman.' Both are called 'Âdam' in Persian.

Word Web

Âdam (Person) Âdam-barfi (Snowman) Âdamiyat (Humanity) Âdam-koshi (Murder) Âdam-robâ (Kidnapper) Bani-Âdam (Mankind) Âdam-khâr (Cannibal) Âdam-âhani (Robot)

挑战

Try to use 'Âdam' in three different ways today: once to describe a friend, once to make a general rule (One should...), and once to describe a snowman or robot.

词源

The word 'آدم' originates from the Hebrew 'Adam' (אָדָם), which is related to 'adamah' (earth/ground). In Islamic and Persian tradition, it refers to the first human created by God.

原始含义： Earth-born or ground-man.

Semitic (via Arabic and religious texts into Persian).

文化背景

While 'Âdam' is neutral, using 'آدمِ من' (my person) can sound possessive or imply a lackey relationship. Use with care.

In English, 'Adam' is just a name. In Persian, it is the common noun for 'person.' Don't be surprised if people use it constantly.

Saadi's poem 'Bani Âdam'. The Quranic story of Adam and Eve (Âdam va Havvâ). Modern Persian pop songs using 'Âdam' to mean 'the individual'.

在生活中练习

真实语境

Describing People

آدمِ خوبی است
آدمِ عجیبی است
آدمِ باهوشی است
آدمِ مهربانی است

General Advice

آدم باید مراقب باشد
آدم نباید دروغ بگوید
آدم چطور می‌تواند...
آدم وقتی...

Winter/Snow

آدم‌برفی بسازیم
دماغِ آدم‌برفی
شال‌گردن برای آدم‌برفی
آدم‌برفی آب شد

Science Fiction

آدمِ فضایی
آدمِ آهنی
حمله آدم‌های فضایی
سفینه آدم‌فضایی‌ها

Social Criticism

آدمِ نون‌به‌نرخ‌روز‌خور
آدمِ دهن‌لق
آدمِ دورو
آدمِ بی‌مسئولیت

对话开场白

"به نظر تو، یک آدمِ خوب چه ویژگی‌هایی دارد؟ (In your opinion, what characteristics does a good person have?)"

"آیا تا به حال آدم‌برفی درست کرده‌ای؟ (Have you ever made a snowman?)"

"به آدم‌های فضایی باور داری یا نه؟ (Do you believe in aliens or not?)"

"چطور می‌توان یک آدمِ حسابی بود؟ (How can one be a respectable person?)"

"کدام آدم در زندگی تو بیشترین تأثیر را داشته است؟ (Which person has had the most influence in your life?)"

日记主题

امروز با چه آدم‌های جدیدی آشنا شدی؟ درباره آن‌ها بنویس. (What new people did you meet today? Write about them.)

تعریف تو از 'آدم بودن' چیست؟ (What is your definition of 'being a person/human'?)

یک داستان کوتاه درباره یک آدم‌برفی که زنده شد بنویس. (Write a short story about a snowman that came to life.)

آیا ترجیح می‌دهی با آدم‌های باهوش وقت بگذرانی یا آدم‌های مهربان؟ چرا؟ (Do you prefer to spend time with smart people or kind people? Why?)

درباره یک آدمِ بزرگ در تاریخ که او را تحسین می‌کنی بنویس. (Write about a great person in history whom you admire.)

常见问题

10 个问题

Yes, 'Âdam' can refer to a man, a woman, or a child. It is the generic word for any human being.

It's better to use 'nafar.' While 'دو آدم' (two people) is understood, 'دو نفر' is the natural way to say it.

Literally 'Become a person.' It's an idiom meaning 'Behave yourself' or 'Grow up/Get your act together.'

It is neutral to informal. In very formal writing, 'فرد' or 'شخص' is often preferred.

It's a snowman! Literally 'Snow-Adam.' It's a very common and cute compound word.

You can use 'Âdamiyat' (derived from Âdam) for moral humanity, or 'Ensâniyat' for the general concept.

Yes, it comes from the same Semitic root and refers to the first human in religious tradition.

It's a slang/idiom for a 'proper' or 'respectable' person—someone who is reliable and has their life together.

Yes, colloquially, people use 'Âdam' to refer to themselves in a general way, like 'One gets tired' instead of 'I am tired.'

The most common plural is 'Âdam-hâ.' In formal or poetic contexts, you might see 'Âdami-yân.'

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