آشامیدن 30秒了解
- A formal Persian verb meaning 'to drink'.
- Commonly seen on signs as 'āšāmīdanī' (drinking water).
- Rarely used in casual conversation; 'khordan' is preferred.
- Found extensively in classical Persian poetry and literature.
The Persian verb آشامیدن (āšāmīdan) is a classic and formal term that translates to 'to drink' in English. While the most common way to say 'to drink' in everyday Persian is either the verb نوشیدن (nūšīdan) or more colloquially خوردن (khordan, which literally means 'to eat'), آشامیدن carries a weight of formality, literary elegance, and specific technicality. It describes the physiological act of taking a liquid into the mouth and swallowing it. In modern Iranian Persian, you will rarely hear someone say 'من آب میآشامم' (I am drinking water) in a casual kitchen setting; instead, you are far more likely to encounter this word in classical poetry, formal medical instructions, or high-level academic texts discussing hydration and biology.
- Register and Context
- This verb is primarily found in the 'Formal' or 'Literary' register. It is often used in the context of ancient literature or when the speaker wants to evoke a sense of grandeur. For instance, in the Shahnameh or the works of Rumi, the act of drinking wine or a divine potion is frequently described using this verb. In a modern sense, it appears in public health notices, such as 'آب آشامیدنی' (drinking water), where the derivative form acts as an adjective.
- Grammatical Essence
- The verb follows the standard Persian conjugation pattern for regular verbs ending in -īdan. Its past stem is آشامید (āšāmīd) and its present stem is آشام (āšām). This stem is crucial for forming the present continuous, imperative, and future tenses. Despite its regularity, its usage is restricted by social convention rather than grammatical complexity.
«او جرعهای از شربت را با احتیاط آشامید.»
Furthermore, the word is deeply embedded in the concept of 'beverages'. The word آشامیدنی (āšāmīdanī) is the standard Persian word for 'drinkable' or 'a drink/beverage'. You will see this on menus, bottled water labels, and signs at public fountains. Understanding this verb is essential for reading Persian signs correctly, even if you don't use the verb itself in conversation. It also appears in compound words like خونآشام (khūn-āšām), which means 'blood-drinker' or 'vampire', showing how the present stem is used to create descriptive nouns. This illustrates that while the verb might feel archaic, its roots are very much alive in the modern Persian lexicon through its various derivatives and compound forms.
Using آشامیدن correctly requires an understanding of Persian verb conjugation and the appropriate context. Since it is a transitive verb, it usually takes a direct object, often marked by the particle را (rā) if the object is definite.
- Standard Conjugation
- In the present tense, you take the present stem آشام, add the prefix می-, and the personal ending. For example, 'I drink' is میآشامم (mī-āšāmam). In the past tense, you use the past stem آشامید, resulting in آشامیدم (āšāmīdam) for 'I drank'.
«حیوانات برای آشامیدن آب به کنار رودخانه آمدند.»
One of the most common ways you will see this verb used is in the infinitive form as a noun. In Persian, the infinitive (آشامیدن) can function as the gerund 'drinking'. For example, 'آشامیدن الکل در این مکان ممنوع است' (Drinking alcohol in this place is forbidden). This usage is very common in legal and regulatory language.
- Imperative Form
- The imperative is formed by adding بـ to the present stem: بیاشام (bi-āšām). However, you will almost never hear this in speech. If a doctor tells you to drink a medicine, they will likely use 'بنوش' (be-nūš) or 'بخور' (be-khor). You might only find 'بیاشام' in a historical novel where a king commands a guest to drink from a goblet.
In summary, while the mechanics of the verb are simple, its application is specialized. Use it when writing formal essays, translating literature, or reading official instructions. For daily survival in an Iranian city, keep it in your passive vocabulary but prioritize 'نوشیدن' for your active speech.
To truly master آشامیدن, you must look beyond the conversational sphere and into the structural parts of the Persian-speaking world. You won't hear it at a party, but you will 'see' it in many official capacities.
- Public Infrastructure
- The most ubiquitous use of this word is on signs. In parks, airports, and city squares across Iran, Tajikistan, and Afghanistan, you will see signs that say آب آشامیدنی (ābe āšāmīdanī). This translates to 'Potable Water' or 'Drinking Water'. Conversely, آب غیرقابل آشامیدن means 'Non-potable water'. This is a vital safety word for any traveler.
- Literature and Poetry
- If you are a student of classical Persian literature, آشامیدن is everywhere. It is used to describe the drinking of wine (bāde-āšāmī) which is a central metaphor in Sufi poetry for divine intoxication. In these contexts, the word carries a mystical and refined connotation that 'khordan' simply cannot provide.
«در متون علمی، همواره از واژه آشامیدن برای توصیف بلع مایعات استفاده میشود.»
You will also hear this word in documentaries, specifically nature documentaries. A narrator might say, 'پلنگ برای آشامیدن آب به آبشخور نزدیک شد' (The leopard approached the watering hole to drink water). Here, the formal tone matches the educational and descriptive nature of the media.
Lastly, in religious contexts, especially during the month of Ramadan, the rules regarding 'آشامیدن' (drinking) and 'خوردن' (eating) are discussed with this specific terminology in religious rulings (fatwas). It defines the legal boundaries of fasting in a precise, non-ambiguous way.
The most significant mistake learners make with آشامیدن is not grammatical, but contextual. Because many dictionaries list it simply as 'to drink', students often use it in situations where it sounds bizarrely formal.
- Mistake #1: Over-Formality
- Imagine being at a friend's house and saying 'من میخواهم کمی چای بیاشامم'. This is like saying in English, 'I desire to partake in the consumption of some tea' while wearing a tuxedo to a backyard barbecue. It’s too much. Stick to نوشیدن or خوردن.
- Mistake #2: Confusing with 'Khordan'
- In colloquial Persian, 'khordan' (to eat) is used for both eating and drinking. Learners often think 'khordan' is only for food. While آشامیدن is technically more accurate for liquids, using 'khordan' for tea, water, or soda is the standard native way. Don't avoid 'khordan' just because you learned آشامیدن is the 'correct' dictionary term.
«اشتباه: من آب میآشامم. (در مکالمه روزمره)»
Another mistake involves the passive voice. While Persian uses 'shodan' to form passives, the passive of آشامیدن (آشامیده شدن) is almost never used. Instead, people use descriptive phrases like 'نوشیده شد' or simply 'خورده شد'.
Finally, avoid using آشامیدن for things that aren't 'thin' liquids. You wouldn't use it for soup (which is 'khordan') or thick smoothies. It is specifically for the fluid, flowing act of drinking water, wine, or juice.
To expand your Persian vocabulary, it is helpful to compare آشامیدن with its synonyms. Each has a specific 'flavor' and social context.
- نوشیدن (Nūšīdan)
- Register: Semi-formal to Formal.
Usage: This is the most versatile 'proper' word for drinking. It is used in books, news, and polite conversation. If you want to sound educated but not like a medieval poet, use this. - خوردن (Khordan)
- Register: Informal / Colloquial.
Usage: The 'go-to' word for everything. 'آب بخور' (Drink water). It is the most natural word in 90% of real-life situations. - سر کشیدن (Sar Kašīdan)
- Register: Idiomatic / Informal.
Usage: This means 'to gulp down' or 'to drink in one go'. It literally means 'to pull the head (back)'. Used when someone drinks a whole glass of water quickly.
| Word | Best For... | Vibe |
|---|---|---|
| آشامیدن | Literature/Signs | Ancient/Official |
| نوشیدن | Polite Speech | Standard/Proper |
| خوردن | Daily Life | Natural/Casual |
There is also the term لاجرعه سر کشیدن which is a very descriptive way to say 'to drink without taking a breath'. While آشامیدن is about the act, these alternatives provide more detail about the *manner* of drinking. In spiritual or poetic texts, you might also encounter تجرع (tajaro'), an Arabic loanword meaning 'to sip slowly and painfully' or 'to endure a bitter drink', often used metaphorically for suffering.
How Formal Is It?
趣味小知识
The word is a 'pure' Persian word (Tāzī-stiz), meaning it hasn't been replaced by an Arabic equivalent in formal literature, unlike many other Persian verbs.
发音指南
- Pronouncing the first 'ā' as a short 'a' (like 'apple').
- Confusing 'sh' with 's'.
- Stressing the first syllable instead of the last.
- Mispronouncing the 'mī' prefix in 'mī-āšāmam' as 'ma'.
- Skipping the 'i' sound in the middle.
难度评级
Easy to recognize because it appears on many signs.
Requires knowledge of formal register to use correctly.
Difficult to use naturally because it's so formal.
Easy to hear in formal news or documentaries.
接下来学什么
前置知识
接下来学习
高级
需要掌握的语法
Infinitive as Noun
آشامیدن آب سرد مفید است.
Subjunctive with Modal 'Bāyad'
او باید آب بیاشامد.
Causal Sentences
او تشنه بود، پس آب آشامید.
Present Stem Suffixes
خونآشام (khūn + āšām).
Past Stem Formation
آشامیدن -> آشامید.
按水平分级的例句
آب آشامیدنی کجاست؟
Where is the drinking water?
آشامیدنی is an adjective derived from the verb.
این آب برای آشامیدن است.
This water is for drinking.
آشامیدن is the infinitive used as a noun.
من آب میآشامم.
I drink water (Very formal).
Present tense: mī + stem + ending.
او شیر آشامید.
He/She drank milk (Formal).
Simple past tense.
آشامیدن خوب است.
Drinking is good.
Infinitive as a subject.
آیا این آب آشامیدنی است؟
Is this water drinkable?
Question form with adjective.
آنها چای آشامیدند.
They drank tea (Formal).
Third person plural past.
او آب سرد میآشامد.
He/She drinks cold water (Formal).
Present tense with adjective 'sard'.
در تابستان باید آب بیشتری آشامید.
In summer, one should drink more water.
Use of 'bāyad' with the short infinitive.
گربه شیر را با لذت آشامید.
The cat drank the milk with pleasure.
Past tense with an adverbial phrase.
آشامیدن آب آلوده خطرناک است.
Drinking contaminated water is dangerous.
Gerund usage.
ما در رستوران شربت آشامیدیم.
We drank syrup/sherbet in the restaurant.
First person plural past.
او همیشه قبل از خواب آب میآشامد.
He always drinks water before sleep.
Habitual present tense.
آیا میخواهی کمی آب بیاشامی؟
Do you want to drink some water? (Formal)
Subjunctive mood: be + present stem + ending.
پرنده از چشمه آب آشامید.
The bird drank water from the spring.
Past tense with preposition 'az'.
آشامیدنِ سریعِ آب برای بدن خوب نیست.
Drinking water quickly is not good for the body.
Ezafe construction between infinitive and adjective.
پزشک به او توصیه کرد که مایعات بیشتری بیاشامد.
The doctor advised him to drink more fluids.
Subjunctive after the verb 'tousiye kardan'.
در این منطقه، آب آشامیدنی کمیاب است.
In this region, drinking water is scarce.
Adjective usage in a complex sentence.
او جام را تا انتها آشامید.
He drank the goblet to the end.
Transitive usage with direct object 'jām'.
آشامیدن قهوه در شب ممکن است باعث بیخوابی شود.
Drinking coffee at night might cause insomnia.
Infinitive as a complex subject.
او با احتیاط از رودخانه آب آشامید.
He cautiously drank water from the river.
Use of adverb 'bā ehtiyāt'.
ورزشکاران باید در حین تمرین آب بیاشامند.
Athletes should drink water during practice.
Modal verb 'bāyad' with subjunctive.
این مایع برای آشامیدن مناسب نیست.
This liquid is not suitable for drinking.
Prepositional phrase 'barāye āšāmīdan'.
او هر روز صبح یک لیوان آب ولرم میآشامد.
She drinks a glass of lukewarm water every morning.
Present habitual.
نویسنده در کتاب خود، صحنه آشامیدن سم توسط قهرمان را توصیف میکند.
The author describes the scene of the hero drinking poison in his book.
Compound noun phrase.
آیا میدانستید که برخی حیوانات در طول عمر خود هرگز آب نمیآشامند؟
Did you know that some animals never drink water during their lifetime?
Negative present tense.
او چنان تشنه بود که تمام پارچ را یکنفس آشامید.
He was so thirsty that he drank the whole pitcher in one breath.
Use of 'chonān... ke' structure.
در متون قدیمی، آشامیدن شراب نمادی از کسب معرفت است.
In ancient texts, drinking wine is a symbol of gaining knowledge.
Abstract usage of the infinitive.
او با وقار تمام، چای خود را آشامید و سکوت کرد.
With total dignity, he drank his tea and remained silent.
Narrative past.
آشامیدن بیش از حدِ آب نیز میتواند خطرناک باشد.
Drinking too much water can also be dangerous.
Adverbial phrase 'biš az had'.
او از آشامیدن هرگونه نوشیدنی الکلی خودداری کرد.
He refrained from drinking any kind of alcoholic beverage.
Verb 'khoddārī kardan' with 'az'.
فرهنگ آشامیدن چای در ایران تاریخچهای طولانی دارد.
The culture of drinking tea in Iran has a long history.
Infinitive used as part of a complex noun phrase.
سقراط با آرامش جام شوکران را آشامید و با شاگردانش وداع کرد.
Socrates calmly drank the hemlock cup and bid farewell to his students.
Historical narrative.
در اشعار حافظ، آشامیدن از جام الست به معنای میثاق ازلی است.
In Hafez's poems, drinking from the Cup of Alast means the eternal covenant.
Literary analysis context.
او جرعهجرعه آب را میآشامید تا طعم آن را بهتر حس کند.
He was drinking the water sip by sip to feel its taste better.
Past continuous with reduplicated adverb 'jor'e-jor'e'.
پرهیز از آشامیدن در طول روزه، تمرینی برای بردباری است.
Abstaining from drinking during the fast is an exercise in patience.
Formal theological context.
او با هر بار آشامیدن، گویی جانی تازه میگرفت.
With every drink, it was as if he was gaining a new life.
Metaphorical usage.
آشامیدن از چشمه معرفت، آرزوی هر سالکی است.
Drinking from the spring of knowledge is the wish of every seeker.
Sufi terminology.
او در حالی که به افق خیره شده بود، قهوهاش را آشامید.
While staring at the horizon, he drank his coffee.
Simultaneous actions using 'dar hālī ke'.
ممنوعیت آشامیدن در این آزمایشگاه به دلایل ایمنی است.
The prohibition of drinking in this laboratory is for safety reasons.
Formal administrative language.
وی با ولعی وصفناپذیر، شهدِ پیروزی را آشامید.
With indescribable greed, he drank the nectar of victory.
Highly metaphorical/literary.
آشامیدنِ پیاپیِ اندوه، روح او را فرسوده کرده بود.
Successive drinking of sorrow had worn out his soul.
Abstract metaphorical usage.
او چنان در متن غرق شده بود که گویی کلمات را میآشامید.
He was so immersed in the text that it was as if he were drinking the words.
Synesthesia/Metaphor.
در فلسفه خیام، آشامیدن می راهی برای گریز از پوچی زمان است.
In Khayyam's philosophy, drinking wine is a way to escape the futility of time.
Philosophical discourse.
او جام تلخِ حقیقت را به تنهایی آشامید.
He drank the bitter cup of truth alone.
Idiomatic/Metaphorical.
آشامیدن از زلالِ اندیشههای او، ذهن را جلا میدهد.
Drinking from the clarity of his thoughts polishes the mind.
Formal praise/Literary.
او با هر جرعه که میآشامید، خاطرات تلخ گذشته را به یاد میآورد.
With every sip he drank, he remembered the bitter memories of the past.
Complex relative clause.
این اثر هنری گویی دعوتی است به آشامیدن از زیباییهای جهان.
This artwork is like an invitation to drink from the beauties of the world.
Artistic criticism/Formal.
常见搭配
常用短语
习语与表达
— To die (Literally: To drink the cup of death).
او سرانجام جام اجل را آشامید.
Literary— To be extremely cruel to someone; to destroy someone.
ظالم خون مظلوم را میآشامد.
Poetic/Old— To get a small taste or understanding of a vast subject.
ما تنها جرعهای از دریای علم او را آشامیدیم.
Formal— To engage in heavy drinking/revelry.
تمام شب به بادهپیمایی و آشامیدن گذشت.
Classical— To be martyred (Literally: To drink the nectar of martyrdom).
او در جبهه شهد شهادت را آشامید.
Religious/Political— To accept a very bitter or humiliating defeat/reality.
او مجبور شد جام زهر را بیاشامد.
Formal/Historical— To drink when not thirsty; to do something unnecessary.
این کار او مثل آشامیدن از سر سیری است.
Informal— To take something and never return it (metaphorical).
او پول را آشامید و پس نداد.
Slang-ish— To feel deep regret (Literally: To drink regret).
او سالهاست که جام حسرت میآشامد.
Poetic— To be unable to drink/eat due to extreme worry.
از غصه، آب خوش از گلویش پایین نمیآشامد.
Idiomatic词族
名词
动词
形容词
相关
记住它
记忆技巧
Think of 'A-Sham' (like a fake thing). If you drink a 'Sham' drink, you are 'Ashamidan'. Or imagine a 'Shamrock' shake that you are slowly 'Asham-ing'.
视觉联想
Imagine a king in a formal palace drinking from a golden cup. That formal act is 'Ashamidan'. Contrast it with a kid drinking a soda (Khordan).
Word Web
挑战
Try to find the word 'آشامیدنی' on five different Persian product labels or signs online today.
词源
Derived from Middle Persian (Pahlavi) 'āšāmīdan'. It has roots in the Proto-Indo-European root *sreu- or *sem- related to swallowing or liquid flow.
原始含义： To take in liquid; to consume a beverage.
Indo-European -> Indo-Iranian -> Iranian -> West Iranian -> Persian.文化背景
No specific sensitivities, but note that in religious contexts, 'āšāmīdan' during fasting hours is a sensitive topic.
English speakers often struggle with the 'formal vs informal' divide in Persian verbs. 'Ashamidan' is like 'to partake of a beverage' vs 'to drink'.
在生活中练习
真实语境
Public Safety
- آب آشامیدنی
- آب غیرقابل آشامیدن
- محل آشامیدن آب
- شیر آب آشامیدنی
Literature
- بادهآشامی
- جام را آشامیدن
- شهد آشامیدن
- سم آشامیدن
Medicine
- آشامیدن مایعات
- آشامیدن قبل از دارو
- ممنوعیت آشامیدن
- آشامیدن با معده خالی
Nature Documentaries
- حیوان برای آشامیدن آمد
- آشامیدن از رودخانه
- زمان آشامیدن
- نیاز به آشامیدن
Religion
- مبطلات روزه
- خوردن و آشامیدن
- حکم آشامیدن
- آداب آشامیدن
对话开场白
"آیا میدانید چرا روی این تابلو نوشته شده آب آشامیدنی؟"
"در کتابهای قدیمی، شاعران چطور درباره آشامیدن باده حرف میزنند؟"
"تفاوت بین خوردن و آشامیدن در زبان فارسی چیست؟"
"آیا شما ترجیح میدهید آب را جرعهجرعه بیاشامید؟"
"در فرهنگ شما، آداب آشامیدن چای چگونه است؟"
日记主题
درباره اهمیت آب آشامیدنی در زندگی روزمره یک انشا بنویسید.
یک داستان کوتاه بنویسید که در آن یک پادشاه جامی جادویی را میآشامد.
تفاوتهای کاربرد واژه 'خوردن' و 'آشامیدن' را در جملات مختلف بررسی کنید.
احساس خود را پس از آشامیدن یک لیوان آب خنک در یک روز گرم توصیف کنید.
آیا تا به حال به تابلوی 'آب غیرقابل آشامیدن' برخورد کردهاید؟ چه اتفاقی افتاد؟
Summary
While 'āšāmīdan' means 'to drink', its primary role in modern Persian is formal. Use it for 'drinking water' signs or when reading Rumi, but use 'khordan' when asking for a glass of water from a friend.
- A formal Persian verb meaning 'to drink'.
- Commonly seen on signs as 'āšāmīdanī' (drinking water).
- Rarely used in casual conversation; 'khordan' is preferred.
- Found extensively in classical Persian poetry and literature.
例句
حیوانات برای آشامیدن آب به رودخانه میآمدند.
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