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B1 noun #2,500 最常用 7分钟阅读

ضرب

zarb
开始练习 例句 笔记与提示 ضرب 30秒了解
解析 ضرب in your Level:
At the A1 level, 'Zarb' is most commonly introduced as 'multiplication'. Students learn it as a basic math command. You might hear 'Zarb kon' (Multiply) in a simple classroom setting. It is one of the four basic operations. At this stage, learners don't need to worry about the musical or legal nuances, just the idea of 'times' in math. For example, '2 times 2' is '2 zarb-dar 2'. It's a functional word for basic life skills like shopping or simple counting.
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At A2, the meaning expands to include physical 'hitting' in simple contexts. You might learn 'Zarb zadan' (to hit/strike) in the context of sports or playing a simple drum. You also encounter 'Zarb-ol-Masal' (proverb) for the first time, as A2 learners start reading short cultural stories. The focus is on recognizing the word in different simple sentences, like 'He hit the ball' or 'This is a famous proverb'. The connection between 'striking' and 'calculating' starts to become visible.
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B1 is the 'sweet spot' for 'Zarb'. Here, you learn compound verbs and legal/formal terms. You distinguish between 'Zarb' (the concept) and 'Zarbeh' (the specific hit). You use it to describe the rhythm of music ('Zarb-e ahang') and understand its role in Persian classical music. You also learn the phrase 'Zarb o shatm' (assault) in news contexts. This level requires you to use 'Zarb' accurately in math, music, and general description of force.
At B2, you explore the idiomatic and abstract uses of 'Zarb'. You understand 'Zarb-ol-ajal' (deadline) and 'Ba zarb-e zoor' (by force). You can discuss the historical context of 'Zarb-e sekke' (minting coins) and how it relates to the economy. Your vocabulary includes derivatives like 'Mazrab' (multiple) and 'Mezrab' (plectrum). You are expected to use the word in more complex sentence structures and understand its metaphorical 'weight' in literature and journalism.
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C1 learners use 'Zarb' in academic and literary analysis. You might analyze the 'Zarb-ahang' (rhythmic structure) of a poem by Hafez or Rumi. You understand the theological or philosophical implications of 'Zarb' in classical texts where it might mean 'setting an example' or 'casting a mold'. You are comfortable with all technical applications, from advanced mathematics to complex legal statutes regarding physical injury. The word becomes a tool for nuanced expression.
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At the C2 level, 'Zarb' is understood in its full etymological glory. You can trace its journey from Arabic into Persian and its various transformations. You might use it in high-level discourse about 'Zarb-e ghate' (a decisive blow) in political strategy or 'Zarb-e penhan' (hidden influence). You have a master's command of all proverbs and can use 'Zarb' to describe the subtle 'pulse' of a society or an era. It is no longer just a word, but a multifaceted concept of impact and order.
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开始练习 例句 笔记与提示

ضرب 30秒了解

  • Zarb primarily means multiplication in math and a strike or beat in physical and musical contexts.
  • It is used in legal terms like 'Zarb o shatm' (assault) and cultural terms like 'Zarb-ol-masal' (proverb).
  • Common compound verbs include 'Zarb kardan' (to multiply) and 'Zarb zadan' (to hit or play a drum).
  • Distinguish it from 'Zaraban' (pulse) and 'Zarbeh' (a specific, single hit).

The Persian word ضرب (Zarb) is a multifaceted noun rooted in Arabic that has deeply integrated into the Persian linguistic fabric. At its core, it signifies the act of striking or hitting, but its applications span across mathematics, music, linguistics, and law. In a mathematical context, it refers to multiplication, the process of repeated addition. In music, it denotes the beat or tempo, often associated with the 'Tonbak' (a traditional Persian drum). Understanding 'Zarb' requires a grasp of its physical, abstract, and technical dimensions.

Physical Strike
The literal act of hitting an object or person, often used in legal or medical contexts.
Mathematical Operation
The calculation of the product of two numbers (e.g., 2 times 2).
Rhythmic Beat
The foundational pulse in Persian classical music that guides the melody.

معلم از دانش‌آموزان خواست که جدول ضرب را حفظ کنند.

— The teacher asked the students to memorize the multiplication table.

Historically, 'Zarb' also refers to the minting of coins (Zarb-e Sekke). In the medieval era, coins were literally 'struck' with a die to create an impression. This historical nuance survives in modern Persian when discussing currency and economic history. Furthermore, the word forms the basis of 'Zarb-ol-Masal' (proverb), which literally translates to 'the striking of an example,' implying a truth that hits home with clarity and impact.

او با یک ضرب سنگین، در را باز کرد.

— He opened the door with a heavy strike.
Minting
The process of manufacturing coins by striking metal.
Proverbial Usage
Used in the term 'Zarb-ol-Masal' to denote cultural wisdom.

این آهنگ ضرب تندی دارد.

— This song has a fast beat.

پلیس گزارش ضرب و شتم را ثبت کرد.

— The police recorded the report of assault and battery.

To truly master 'Zarb', one must see it as more than just 'multiplication'. It is the energy behind a movement, the precision of a calculation, and the echo of a cultural proverb. Whether you are in a math class, a concert hall, or reading a legal document, 'Zarb' provides the necessary framework to describe forceful or repetitive actions. Its versatility makes it a B1-level essential, bridging the gap between basic physical descriptions and complex abstract concepts.

Using ضرب correctly depends heavily on the accompanying verb. In Persian, nouns often combine with 'light verbs' to create specific meanings. For 'Zarb', the most common partners are kardan (to do), zadan (to hit), and khordan (to receive/be hit). Each combination shifts the meaning significantly, making it vital for learners to memorize these pairings.

  • ضرب کردن (Zarb Kardan): This is almost exclusively used for mathematical multiplication. For example, 'Two multiplied by three' is 'Do zarb-dar se'.
  • ضرب زدن (Zarb Zadan): This refers to the act of striking, particularly in music (playing the drum) or minting coins. It implies an intentional, rhythmic, or productive strike.
  • ضرب خوردن (Zarb Khordan): This is the passive or accidental form, often used in sports or accidents to mean 'to be injured' or 'to receive a blow'.

Grammar Note: When using Zarb in math, the preposition 'dar' (in/by) is essential. Example: 5 ضرب در 4 می شود 20.

In formal writing, you will encounter ضرب‌الاجل (Zarb-ol-Ajal), which means a 'deadline'. This uses the 'strike' metaphor to indicate a point in time that 'hits' or terminates a period. Another common formal term is ضرب و شتم (Zarb o Shatm), a legal phrase for assault. Notice how the word maintains its sense of 'force' across these different registers.

When speaking colloquially, 'Zarb' can also imply momentum. 'Ba zarb-e pool' means 'with the force of money' (i.e., using bribery or wealth to get things done). This idiomatic use shows how the physical concept of a 'strike' translates into social influence. Mastering these nuances allows a B1 learner to transition from simple sentences to more expressive and idiomatic Persian.

You will encounter ضرب in four primary environments in Iran. First and foremost is the educational system. From second grade onwards, Iranian children are obsessed with the 'Jadval-e Zarb' (multiplication table). If you are near a school or tutoring center, this word will be ubiquitous. Teachers will shout 'Zarb kon!' (Multiply!) during arithmetic lessons.

The second environment is traditional music venues. If you attend a performance of Persian classical music, the 'Zarb' (referring to the Tonbak drum) is the heartbeat of the ensemble. You might hear someone say, 'Zarb-e in ahang khaili ghavi ast' (The beat of this song is very strong). Here, the word evokes culture, tradition, and the sophisticated rhythms of the Middle East.

در زورخانه، مرشد با صدای ضرب ورزشکاران را هدایت می‌کند.

— In the Zurkhaneh, the Morshed guides the athletes with the sound of the Zarb.

Thirdly, you will hear it in news and legal reports. Phrases like 'Zarb o shatm' (assault) or 'Zarb-e mohel' (a fatal blow) are common in crime reporting. It carries a heavy, serious tone in these contexts. Finally, in everyday conversation, Iranians use 'Zarb-ol-Masal' (proverbs) constantly. Someone might preface a piece of advice by saying, 'Be ghol-e zarb-ol-masal...' (As the proverb says...), making 'Zarb' a key to understanding Persian social wisdom.

One of the most frequent errors for learners is confusing ضرب (Zarb) with ضربان (Zaraban). While both come from the same root, 'Zaraban' is strictly for the 'pulse' or 'heartbeat'. You cannot say 'Zarb-e ghalb-am tond ast' (My heart's strike is fast); you must use 'Zaraban'. 'Zarb' is an external beat or a mathematical action, while 'Zaraban' is internal and biological.

Another mistake is the incorrect use of prepositions in mathematics. Many learners forget the word dar. Saying 'Do zarb se' is understandable but grammatically incomplete; it should be 'Do zarb dar se'. Think of it as 'Two multiplied in three'.

Wrong: او ضرب خورد (He multiplied - when meaning he got hurt).
Right: او ضربه خورد (He received a blow/injury).

There is also a subtle distinction between ضرب (Zarb) and ضربه (Zarbeh). 'Zarb' is often the noun for the concept (multiplication, rhythm) or the act in general, while 'Zarbeh' usually refers to a single, specific physical hit or blow. If you are talking about a soccer player kicking a ball, use 'Zarbeh'. If you are talking about the rhythm of the game, use 'Zarb'.

To expand your vocabulary, it is helpful to look at words related to the concept of 'striking' and 'calculation'. کوبش (Koobesh) is a synonym for striking or pounding, but it feels more heavy and industrial than 'Zarb'. While 'Zarb' can be a light musical tap, 'Koobesh' implies a forceful crushing action.

In the realm of mathematics, جمع (Jam') is the opposite (addition), تفریق (Tafriq) is subtraction, and تقسیم (Taqsim) is division. Knowing these four together is essential for basic numeracy in Persian. For 'rhythm', you might also hear ریتم (Ritm), which is a French loanword used frequently in modern music, whereas 'Zarb' remains the traditional term.

لطمه (Latmeh)
A blow or damage, usually used for abstract harm like 'damage to reputation'.
صدمه (Sadameh)
Physical injury or damage to an object.
تپش (Tapesh)
The throb or palpitation of the heart, similar to Zaraban.

Finally, consider مضراب (Mezrab). This is the small plectrum or 'pick' used to strike the strings of instruments like the Santur or Tar. It shares the same root as 'Zarb' (Z-R-B), reinforcing the idea that in Persian culture, music is an art of 'striking' strings or skins to create beauty.

How Formal Is It?

难度评级

需要掌握的语法

Compound verbs with 'kardan'

The use of 'dar' in mathematical expressions

Ezafe construction in noun phrases

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按水平分级的例句

1

دو ضرب در دو می‌شود چهار.

Two times two is four.

Simple math sentence.

2

جدول ضرب را بلدی؟

Do you know the multiplication table?

Question form.

3

او به توپ ضرب زد.

He hit the ball.

Past tense of Zarb zadan.

4

این ضرب آسان است.

This multiplication is easy.

Adjective usage.

5

سه ضرب در پنج چند است؟

How much is three times five?

Interrogative.

6

من ضرب را دوست دارم.

I like multiplication.

Direct object.

7

بیا ضرب کنیم.

Let's multiply.

Imperative/Suggestion.

8

این یک ضرب است.

This is a strike/beat.

Basic identification.

1

این ضرب‌المثل خیلی معروف است.

This proverb is very famous.

Compound noun.

2

او با ضرب دست، میخ را کوبید.

He hammered the nail with a hand strike.

Descriptive noun.

3

ضرب‌آهنگ این موسیقی شاد است.

The rhythm of this music is happy.

Compound noun for rhythm.

4

نباید به کسی ضرب زد.

One should not hit anyone.

Modal verb usage.

5

او در امتحان ضرب اشتباه کرد.

He made a mistake in the multiplication test.

Prepositional phrase.

6

صدای ضرب طبل می‌آید.

The sound of the drum beat is coming.

Genitive construction (Ezafe).

7

او ضربه کوچکی به در زد.

He gave a small tap to the door.

Diminutive/Specific hit.

8

ماشین او ضرب خورد.

His car got a dent/was hit.

Passive/Accidental.

1

پلیس مانع ضرب و شتم شد.

The police prevented the assault and battery.

Legal terminology.

2

این آهنگ ضرب بسیار پیچیده‌ای دارد.

This song has a very complex beat.

Adjective modification.

3

او با ضرب‌الاجل تعیین شده موافقت کرد.

He agreed to the set deadline.

Formal compound noun.

4

سکه در زمان ساسانیان ضرب می‌شد.

Coins were minted during the Sassanid era.

Historical passive.

5

او از ناحیه سر ضربه دیده است.

He has sustained an injury to the head area.

Medical context.

6

این ضرب‌المثل به این موقعیت می‌خورد.

This proverb fits this situation.

Idiomatic usage.

7

او با ضرب و زور وارد اتاق شد.

He entered the room by force.

Adverbial phrase.

8

حاصل‌ضرب این دو عدد بزرگ است.

The product of these two numbers is large.

Mathematical term (Product).

1

ضربات پی‌درپی دشمن باعث عقب‌نشینی شد.

The enemy's successive strikes caused a retreat.

Plural noun.

2

او با ضرب‌المثلی نغز، پاسخ منتقد را داد.

He answered the critic with a pithy proverb.

Literary adjective.

3

تورم ضربه سنگینی به اقتصاد زد.

Inflation dealt a heavy blow to the economy.

Metaphorical usage.

4

او در نواختن ضرب استاد است.

He is a master at playing the Zarb (drum).

Musical instrument name.

5

این قرارداد ضرب‌الاجل یک ماهه دارد.

This contract has a one-month deadline.

Business context.

6

او از ضربه روحی رنج می‌برد.

He is suffering from emotional trauma.

Psychological context.

7

ضرب سکه‌های جدید متوقف شد.

The minting of new coins was stopped.

Economic noun.

8

او با ضرب شست خود، همه را ترساند.

He intimidated everyone with his show of power.

Idiom (Zarb-e shast).

1

ساختار ضرب‌آهنگی اشعار مولوی بی‌نظیر است.

The rhythmic structure of Rumi's poems is unique.

Academic literary analysis.

2

او با ضربتی قاطع، به غائله خاتمه داد.

With a decisive blow, he ended the turmoil.

Archaic/Formal suffix -at.

3

این واقعه ضربه‌ای جبران‌ناپذیر به اعتبار او بود.

This event was an irreparable blow to his reputation.

Complex adjective.

4

تحلیل ضرب‌آهنگ در موسیقی دستگاهی ایران ضروری است.

Analyzing the beat in Iranian Dastgah music is essential.

Technical musical term.

5

او ضرب‌المثل‌های عامیانه را به نقد کشید.

He critiqued the folk proverbs.

Sociological context.

6

ضرب سکه در این دوره، نشان‌دهنده استقلال سیاسی بود.

Minting coins in this period indicated political independence.

Political history.

7

او با ضرب و زورِ منطق، بحث را برد.

He won the debate with the sheer force of logic.

Abstract metaphor.

8

ضربات وارده بر پیکره تیم، ناشی از سوءمدیریت بود.

The blows dealt to the team's structure were due to mismanagement.

Passive participle construction.

1

تجلی ضرب در ساحت عرفان، معنایی فراتر از صوت دارد.

The manifestation of rhythm in the realm of mysticism has a meaning beyond sound.

Philosophical register.

2

او به تبیین ضرب‌المثل‌ها از منظر زبان‌شناسی شناختی پرداخت.

He proceeded to explain proverbs from the perspective of cognitive linguistics.

High academic register.

3

ضربِ سکه، در حکمِ بیانیه‌ی حاکمیت در اعصار گذشته بود.

The minting of coins functioned as a declaration of sovereignty in past ages.

Formal historical analysis.

4

انحراف از ضرب‌آهنگِ فطری، موجبِ پریشانیِ روان می‌گردد.

Deviation from the innate rhythm leads to psychological distress.

Formal psychological/philosophical.

5

او با ضربِ قلمِ خود، بساطِ ظلم را برچید.

With the strike of his pen, he dismantled the apparatus of oppression.

Poetic metaphor.

6

ضرباتِ خردکننده‌ی تاریخ بر پیکرِ تمدن‌های کهن.

The crushing blows of history upon the body of ancient civilizations.

Grand historical narrative.

7

او در مقامِ ضرب‌شناس، به بررسیِ تطبیقیِ ریتم‌ها پرداخت.

In the capacity of a rhythmologist, he conducted a comparative study of rhythms.

Professional title usage.

8

ضرب‌الاجل‌های سیاسی، غالباً ابزاری برای فشارِ دیپلماتیک هستند.

Political deadlines are often tools for diplomatic pressure.

Geopolitical register.

常见搭配

جدول ضرب
ضرب و شتم
ضرب‌آهنگ
ضرب سکه
حاصل‌ضرب
ضرب‌الاجل
ضرب‌المثل
ضرب زدن
ضرب خوردن
ضرب در

常用短语

ضرب در ده
به ضرب و زور
ضرب شست نشان دادن
ضرب مستقیم
تحت ضرب قرار گرفتن
ضرب فنی
ضرب سکه طلا
ضرب‌آهنگ تند
ضرب‌المثل معروف
ضرب و تقسیم

容易混淆的词

ضرب vs ضربان

ضرب vs ضربه

ضرب vs ذرب

习语与表达

"ضرب شست نشان دادن (To show one's power/intimidate)"
"با ضرب و زور (By sheer force/against one's will)"
"ضرب‌المثل شدن (To become a proverb/very famous)"
"ضرب سکه به نام کسی (To mint coins in someone's name/recognize authority)"
"ضرب فنی کردن (To win by a knockout - sports)"
"از ضرب افتادن (To lose rhythm/momentum)"
"ضرب دست داشتن (To have a heavy/powerful hand)"
"به ضرب پول (By the power of money/bribery)"
"ضرب گرفتن (To start tapping a rhythm)"
"ضرب زدن به هدف (To hit the mark)"

容易混淆

ضرب vs

ضرب vs

ضرب vs

句型

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如何使用

math

Always use 'dar' after 'Zarb'.

music

Zarb can refer to the instrument itself.

常见错误
  • Saying 'Zarb-e ghalb' instead of 'Zaraban-e ghalb'.
  • Forgetting 'dar' in math problems.
  • Using 'Zarb' when you mean a single 'Zarbeh' in sports.
  • Confusing the spelling with other 'Z' letters.
  • Using 'Zarb kardan' for hitting a person (use 'Zadan').

小贴士

Math Prepositions

Always use 'dar' (in) when multiplying numbers: 2 ضرب در 2.

Music Master

If you see a drum in a Persian band, call it a 'Zarb' to impress locals.

Proverb Power

Learn one 'Zarb-ol-masal' a week to sound like a native speaker.

Legal Terms

Know 'Zarb o shatm' so you can understand news or legal warnings.

Short Vowel

The 'a' in Zarb is short (like 'cat'), not long like 'father'.

Spelling

Always use 'Zad' (ض), never 'Zal' (ذ) or 'Ze' (ز).

Show Power

Use 'Zarb-e shast' when someone shows off their impressive skills.

Coinage

In museums, look for the word 'Zarb' on ancient coins to see where they were made.

Penalty

A penalty kick is a 'Zarbeh-ye Panalti', using the specific form of Zarb.

Product

The result of a multiplication is called 'Hasil-e Zarb'.

记住它

词源

Arabic

文化背景

The Morshed uses a Zarb to keep the rhythm for ancient heroic sports.

Iranian history is categorized by the 'Zarb' (minting) of different dynasties.

在生活中练习

真实语境

对话开场白

"آیا جدول ضرب را در مدرسه دوست داشتی؟"

"ضرب‌آهنگ مورد علاقه تو در موسیقی چیست؟"

"یک ضرب‌المثل جالب به من یاد بده."

"آیا تا به حال صدای ضرب (تنبک) را شنیده‌ای؟"

"در ورزش شما، ضربه فنی وجود دارد؟"

日记主题

یک خاطره از یادگیری جدول ضرب بنویسید.

چگونه ضرب‌آهنگ زندگی شما در این ماه تغییر کرده است؟

درباره یک ضرب‌المثل که به زندگی شما مربوط است بنویسید.

常见问题

10 个问题

No, it also means strike, beat, rhythm, and minting coins.

It is the Persian word for 'proverb' or 'adage'.

Yes, it is another name for the Tonbak, a traditional drum.

Panj zarb-dar panj.

Zarb is the concept or act; Zarbeh is the specific instance of a hit.

Yes, in 'Zarb o shatm' which means physical assault.

It is a formal word for a deadline.

Yes, in phrases like 'ba zarb o zoor' (by force).

It is an Arabic root that is fully integrated into Persian.

In Persian, 'Zarb-ha'; in formal/Arabic style, 'Zarabat'.

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