用你的语言查看此页面

English

فارسی

العربية

Deutsch

Español

Français

日本語

한국어

Português

हिन्दी

B1 adjective #3,500 最常用 9分钟阅读

کر

Q: How do I say 'I am hard of hearing'?

You should use the term 'سنگینگوش' (Sangin-gush). You can say 'من کمی سنگینگوش هستم' or informally 'گوشم یکم سنگینه'. This is a very natural and polite way to express that you have some difficulty hearing without saying you are completely deaf.

kar 前3,500

开始练习例句笔记与提示 کر 30秒了解

解析 کر in your Level:

At the A1 level, you only need to know that 'کر' (Kor) means 'deaf.' You might use it in very simple sentences like 'او کر است' (He is deaf). At this stage, it is important to focus on the pronunciation to make sure you don't confuse it with 'کور' (blind). You might see this word in a basic list of physical descriptions or in a simple story about a character who cannot hear. The goal is just recognition and very basic usage in the present tense. You should also learn that the opposite is 'شنوا' (hearing), though you will rarely use the opposite in basic conversation. Just remember: 'Kor' rhymes with 'Door' and it means someone cannot hear sounds.

免费注册阅读完整解释

At the A2 level, you can start using 'کر' in slightly more complex sentences, such as describing someone's condition over time: 'او از بچگی کر بود' (He was deaf from childhood). You should also learn the polite alternative 'ناشنوا' (Nāshonavā) for use in classroom settings or when speaking with teachers. You might encounter the word in descriptions of loud environments, like 'صدای تلویزیون خیلی زیاد است، دارم کر می‌شوم!' (The TV volume is too high, I'm going deaf!). At this stage, you begin to see how 'کر' functions with common verbs like 'بودن' (to be) and 'شدن' (to become). You should be able to distinguish between 'کر' (the person) and 'کری' (the condition of deafness).

免费注册阅读完整解释

At the B1 level, which is your current stage, you should understand the social nuances of the word 'کر.' You know that while it is the common word, 'ناشنوا' is more respectful in professional contexts. You can use 'کر' in compound structures like 'کر کردن' (to deafen) and understand idiomatic expressions like 'گوشش کر است' (referring to someone who won't listen to advice). You should also be comfortable using 'سنگین‌گوش' to describe someone who is hard of hearing. Your ability to use 'کر' in different tenses (past, present, and future) and in conditional sentences (e.g., 'If the noise is too loud, I will go deaf') should be developing. You are also starting to recognize the word in more varied media like short news clips or social media posts.

At the B2 level, you should be able to discuss the social and medical aspects of deafness using 'کر' and its synonyms. You can understand more complex idioms like 'گوش فلک را کر کردن' (to deafen the heavens/to be extremely loud). You should be able to read and understand articles about the 'جامعه ناشنوایان' (the Deaf community) in Iran and the challenges they face. At this level, you can use 'کر' metaphorically in debates or essays, perhaps discussing how certain people are 'deaf' to the needs of the environment or society. You understand the historical and literary weight of the word when it appears in modern Persian prose or poetry.

免费注册阅读完整解释

At the C1 level, you have a deep understanding of the word 'کر' in classical literature. You can analyze poems by Rumi or Saadi where 'کر' is used as a metaphor for spiritual blindness or the inability to hear the 'truth.' You are aware of the linguistic roots of the word and how it relates to other Indo-European languages. You can use the word in sophisticated academic discussions about linguistics, disability studies, or sociology in an Iranian context. You are also proficient in using various registers, knowing exactly when 'کر' is appropriate for dramatic effect and when 'ناشنوا' or 'دارای اختلال شنوایی' (having a hearing disorder) is required for professional precision.

免费注册阅读完整解释

At the C2 level, your mastery of 'کر' is near-native. You can catch subtle puns, wordplay, and very specific cultural references involving the word. You might understand jokes that rely on the phonetic similarity between 'کر' and other words, or you can write poetry and high-level literature that utilizes the word's various meanings and historical connotations. You can navigate the most sensitive social situations involving the Deaf community with perfect linguistic etiquette. You are also able to translate complex English texts about hearing loss into Persian, choosing the most appropriate term from 'کر,' 'ناشنوا,' 'سنگین‌گوش,' or 'اصم' based on the specific context, tone, and historical period of the source text.

免费注册阅读完整解释

开始练习例句笔记与提示

کر 30秒了解

The word 'کر' (Kor) is the standard Persian adjective for 'deaf,' used to describe people with total or significant hearing loss.
While common, it can be blunt; 'ناشنوا' (Nāshonavā) is the preferred formal and polite alternative in modern Iranian society.
It is frequently used in compound verbs like 'کر کردن' (to deafen) and appears in many common idioms and exaggerations.
Pronunciation is key: ensure the short 'o' sound (Kor) to avoid confusion with 'Kur' (blind), which is spelled similarly.

The Persian word کر (Kor) is a primary adjective used to describe the physiological state of being unable to hear. At its most literal level, it corresponds directly to the English word 'deaf.' However, its usage spans a wide spectrum from medical descriptions to colloquial exaggerations and metaphorical expressions. In the modern Persian linguistic landscape, especially within the last few decades, there has been a significant shift in social etiquette. While کر remains the standard dictionary term, it is increasingly viewed as blunt or potentially insensitive in formal or polite social contexts, much like the transition from 'deaf' to 'hearing-impaired' or 'person with hearing loss' in English. In such polite settings, the term ناشنوا (Nāshonavā), which literally translates to 'non-hearing,' is preferred. Understanding when to use کر versus its more formal counterparts is crucial for a B1 learner to navigate social nuances in Iran.

Literal Application: Used to describe a permanent or temporary loss of hearing. For example, 'او از بدو تولد کر بود' (He was deaf from birth).
Metaphorical Usage: Often used to describe someone who is willfully ignoring advice or 'turning a deaf ear' to a situation, as in 'گوش او به نصیحت‌های من کر است' (His ear is deaf to my advice).
Intensive/Adverbial Form: When combined with verbs like 'کردن' (to do/make), it describes an action that causes deafness or is overwhelmingly loud: 'صدای بلند گوشم را کر کرد' (The loud noise deafened me).

پیرمرد بیچاره کمی کر شده است و باید بلند با او حرف بزنی.
— The poor old man has become a bit deaf, and you must speak loudly to him.

Historically, کر appears frequently in classical Persian poetry, often paired with کور (blind) and لال (mute) to describe the human condition or the lack of spiritual perception. For instance, the famous Rumi often uses these terms to describe those who are deaf to the 'divine call.' In these contexts, the word carries a weight of spiritual ignorance rather than physical disability. For a student of Persian, recognizing this word is the first step toward understanding a vast array of idioms related to the senses. It is a monosyllabic word, making it easy to remember but also easy to confuse with 'کور' (blind) due to the similar visual structure in the Perso-Arabic script. The key difference lies in the vowel sound: 'Kor' (deaf) vs. 'Kur' (blind). Mastering the distinction is essential to avoid embarrassing mistakes in conversation.

صدای انفجار آنقدر زیاد بود که برای لحظاتی همه را کر کرد.
— The sound of the explosion was so loud that it deafened everyone for a few moments.

Common Confusion: Learners often confuse کر (Kor) with کور (Kur). Remember: 'Kor' rhymes with 'Door' (deaf), while 'Kur' rhymes with 'Poor' (blind).

Using the word کر effectively requires an understanding of Persian sentence structure and the way adjectives function as predicates. In Persian, adjectives like کر usually follow the noun they modify with an Ezafe (e.g., 'مردِ کر' - the deaf man) or function as the complement of a linking verb like 'بودن' (to be) or 'شدن' (to become). Because the word is short, it often serves as the root for compound verbs and phrases that describe sensory experiences. For a B1 learner, the focus should be on transitioning from simple descriptions to more complex narratives involving cause and effect.

Predictive Usage: 'مادربزرگم کمی کر است.' (My grandmother is a bit deaf.) Here, کر acts as the predicate adjective describing the subject.
Compound Verbs: 'کر کردن' (To deafen). Example: 'این موسیقی گوشم را کر کرد.' (This music deafened my ear.) Note how 'گوش' (ear) is usually the object of the deafening action.

او تظاهر می‌کند که کر است تا به سوالات من جواب ندهد.
— He pretends to be deaf so that he doesn't have to answer my questions.

When describing the severity of deafness, Persian uses modifiers like 'کاملاً' (completely) or 'کمی' (a little). However, a very common idiomatic way to say someone is 'stone-deaf' is to say they are 'کرِ مادرزاد' (deaf from birth) or to use the intensive phrase 'کرِ کر' (completely and utterly deaf). In storytelling, کر is often used to create tension or humor, such as a character who misunderstands a secret because they are 'hard of hearing.' As you advance, you will notice that کر is frequently paired with its sensory siblings: کور (blind) and لال (mute). This trio, 'کر و کور و لال,' is a standard set in both religious texts and everyday idioms to describe someone who is totally oblivious.

آیا می‌دانستی که بتهوون در اواخر عمرش کاملاً کر شده بود؟
— Did you know that Beethoven had become completely deaf toward the end of his life?

As an Exaggeration: In a noisy room, an Iranian might say 'کر شدم!' (I've gone deaf!) to express that the volume is unbearable. This is a very common colloquialism.

In everyday Iranian life, the word کر is heard in a variety of settings, ranging from the domestic to the dramatic. In a typical Iranian household, you might hear a mother jokingly say to her child who is ignoring her, 'مگر کری؟' (Are you deaf?), which is a common, though slightly harsh, rhetorical question used when someone isn't paying attention. On the streets of Tehran, you might encounter the word in the context of loud construction or heavy traffic, where people complain that the noise is 'deafening' (کر کننده). However, it is important to distinguish between this informal usage and the formal language used in news broadcasts or medical facilities.

در اخبار گفتند که این داروی جدید برای افرادی که کر هستند مفید است.
— On the news, they said this new medicine is useful for people who are deaf.

In the realm of Iranian cinema and television, کر is often used in character archetypes. Older characters are frequently portrayed with 'سنگینیِ گوش' (heaviness of the ear), and the word کر is used to drive plot points involving misunderstandings. In the music scene, particularly in the rock or alternative genres emerging in Iran, lyrics might use 'کر' to describe a society that refuses to hear the voices of the youth. This metaphorical layer is quite prevalent in contemporary Persian literature as well. When visiting a doctor in Iran, while you might use کر to describe a sudden loss of hearing, the doctor will likely respond using the term ناشنوایی (deafness/hearing loss) to maintain a professional tone.

Workplace Context: In industrial environments, safety signs might read: 'صدای بلند ممکن است باعث کری شود' (Loud noise may cause deafness).
Social Gatherings: At a loud party, you might hear: 'اینجا خیلی شلوغ است، دارم کر می‌شوم!' (It's so crowded here, I'm going deaf!)

ببخشید، من کمی کرم، می‌توانید بلندتر صحبت کنید؟
— Excuse me, I'm a bit deaf, can you speak louder?

The most frequent mistake English speakers make when learning the word کر is a pronunciation error that leads to a significant semantic shift. Because Persian vowels are subtle, the difference between the short 'o' in Kor (کر) and the long 'u' in Kur (کور) is often missed by beginners. Saying 'Kur' when you mean 'Kor' effectively tells someone they are blind instead of deaf. This can lead to confusion or unintended offense. Another common error is the misplacement of the word in a sentence. While English uses 'deaf' after 'to be' (He is deaf), Persian learners sometimes forget that adjectives can also be used as suffixes in informal speech (e.g., 'کرم' for 'I am deaf').

Vowel Confusion: Mistaking کر (Kor) for کور (Kur). Practice: 'Kor' like 'Core' (but shorter), 'Kur' like 'Cool' (but with an 'r').
Sensitivity Issues: Using کر in a formal setting where ناشنوا is expected. It’s like saying 'the deaf guy' instead of 'the gentleman with hearing loss' in a professional meeting.

Another mistake involves the word کری (Kari). While کر is the adjective, کری is the noun meaning 'deafness.' Learners often swap these, saying 'او کری است' (He is deafness) instead of 'او کر است' (He is deaf). Furthermore, when using the compound verb کر کردن, learners sometimes forget to include the object marker 'را' (ra) for the person or ear being deafened. For example, 'صدای بلند او را کر کرد' (The loud noise deafened him) requires the 'ra' after 'o' (him). Finally, many learners struggle with the plural form. While 'کرها' is grammatically possible, it sounds awkward. The correct plural for 'deaf people' in a respectful context is 'ناشنوایان'.

Incorrect: او کور است و نمی‌شنود. (He is blind and doesn't hear.)
Correct: او کر است و نمی‌شنود. (He is deaf and doesn't hear.)

Persian has a rich vocabulary for sensory states, and کر is just one point on a spectrum. Depending on the level of formality and the specific degree of hearing loss, you might choose a different word. The most important alternative is ناشنوا (Nāshonavā). This is the 'politically correct' and formal term. It is used in media, medical documents, and polite conversation. If you are describing someone who isn't completely deaf but has difficulty hearing, the term سنگین‌گوش (Sangin-gush) is perfect. It literally means 'heavy-eared' and is considered a very polite and common way to describe age-related hearing loss.

کر (Kor) vs. ناشنوا (Nāshonavā): کر is direct, informal, and can be blunt. ناشنوا is formal, respectful, and medical. Use ناشنوا for people you don't know well.
کر (Kor) vs. سنگین‌گوش (Sangin-gush): کر implies a total or significant inability to hear. سنگین‌گوش is 'hard of hearing' and is much more common for elderly relatives.

In literary or archaic Persian, you might encounter the word اصم (Asamm), which is an Arabic loanword meaning deaf. While you won't hear this in daily conversation, it appears in classical poetry and religious texts, often as part of the phrase 'صمٌّ بکمٌ' (deaf and dumb). Another related term is کم‌شنوا (Kam-shonavā), which translates to 'low-hearing.' This is a modern, technical term often used by audiologists to describe various degrees of hearing impairment. For a B1 learner, mastering کر and ناشنوا is the priority, while سنگین‌گوش is a fantastic 'bonus' word that will make your Persian sound much more native and empathetic.

بجای کلمه کر، در محیط‌های رسمی از ناشنوا استفاده کنید.
— Instead of the word 'deaf', use 'non-hearing' in formal environments.

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The word 'کر' is cognate with words in other Indo-European languages that relate to 'hard' or 'stony,' suggesting a metaphorical link between 'hard of hearing' and 'hardness' itself.

发音指南

UK /kɔːr/

US /kɔːr/

The stress is on the only syllable.

押韵词

پر (Por - Full) در (Dar - Door) سر (Sar - Head) خر (Khar - Donkey) تر (Tar - Wet) زر (Zar - Gold) کر (Kor - Deaf) لر (Lor - Luri person)

常见错误

Pronouncing it like 'Kur' (rhyming with 'pool'), which means blind.
Over-emphasizing the 'r' like an American 'r' instead of a Persian tap.
Adding an extra vowel at the end (e.g., 'Kore').

难度评级

阅读 2/5

Very easy to read, but watch out for the 'v' vs 'o' vowel marking.

写作 1/5

Only two letters (ک + ر). Very simple.

口语 3/5

Requires precise vowel pronunciation to avoid 'Kur' (blind).

听力 3/5

Can be confused with 'Kur' or 'Khar' in fast speech.

接下来学什么

前置知识

گوش (Ear) شنیدن (To hear) کور (Blind) لال (Mute) صدا (Sound)

接下来学习

سمعک (Hearing aid) زبان اشاره (Sign language) ناشنوا (Non-hearing) سنگین‌گوش (Hard of hearing) ارتباط (Communication)

高级

اختلال شنوایی (Hearing impairment) حلزون گوش (Cochlea) فرکانس (Frequency) ارتعاش (Vibration) اصم (Archaic deaf)

需要掌握的语法

Adjective Position

مردِ کر (The deaf man) - Adjective follows noun with Ezafe.

Compound Verb Construction

کر کردن (To deafen) - Adjective + auxiliary verb 'kardan'.

Suffix Pronouns with Adjectives

کرم (I am deaf) - Shortened form of 'کر هستم'.

Pluralizing Adjectives for People

کرها (Deaf people) - Using '-ha' to pluralize an adjective used as a noun.

Subjunctive with 'تا'

پنبه در گوش بگذار تا کر نشوی (Put cotton in your ears so you don't go deaf).

免费注册阅读完整解释

按水平分级的例句

او کر است.

He is deaf.

Simple subject + adjective + linking verb.

آیا تو کر هستی؟

Are you deaf?

Question form using 'آیا'.

من کر نیستم.

I am not deaf.

Negative form of 'بودن'.

سگ من کر است.

My dog is deaf.

Possessive 'من' with a noun.

این مرد کر است.

This man is deaf.

Demonstrative adjective 'این'.

او کمی کر است.

He is a bit deaf.

Use of 'کمی' (a little) as a modifier.

ما کر نیستیم.

We are not deaf.

Plural subject 'ما'.

گوش او کر است.

His ear is deaf.

Ezafe construction 'گوشِ او'.

او از بچگی کر بود.

He was deaf from childhood.

Past tense of 'بودن'.

صدای موسیقی مرا کر کرد.

The sound of the music deafened me.

Compound verb 'کر کردن' in the past tense.

پدربزرگم دارد کر می‌شود.

My grandfather is becoming deaf.

Present progressive 'دارد ... می‌شود'.

او کر است اما می‌تواند حرف بزند.

He is deaf but he can speak.

Use of the conjunction 'اما' (but).

چرا جواب نمی‌دهی؟ مگَر کری؟

Why don't you answer? Are you deaf?

Informal rhetorical question.

او به خاطر حادثه کر شد.

He became deaf because of the accident.

Use of 'به خاطر' (because of).

بچه‌ها، اینقدر داد نزنید، کر شدم!

Children, don't scream so much, I've gone deaf!

Colloquial use of 'کر شدم' as an exaggeration.

او برای افراد کر کتاب می‌نویسد.

He writes books for deaf people.

Preposition 'برای' (for).

بتهوون با وجود اینکه کر بود، سمفونی‌های بزرگی ساخت.

Even though Beethoven was deaf, he composed great symphonies.

Concessive clause 'با وجود اینکه'.

در این کارخانه باید از گوش‌گیر استفاده کنی تا کر نشوی.

In this factory, you must use earplugs so you don't go deaf.

Subjunctive mood 'نشوی' after 'تا'.

او خودش را به کری زده است تا به حرف‌های ما گوش ندهد.

He is pretending to be deaf so as not to listen to our words.

Idiom 'خود را به کری زدن'.

صدای انفجار گوش همه را برای دقایقی کر کرد.

The sound of the explosion deafened everyone's ears for minutes.

Direct object marker 'را' with 'گوش همه'.

اگر مراقب نباشی، این صدای بلند تو را کر خواهد کرد.

If you are not careful, this loud noise will deafen you.

Future tense 'خواهد کرد'.

او ترجیح می‌دهد به جای کلمه 'کر' از 'ناشنوا' استفاده کند.

He prefers to use 'non-hearing' instead of the word 'deaf'.

Verb 'ترجیح دادن' (to prefer).

آیا می‌توانی با کسی که کر است ارتباط برقرار کنی؟

Can you communicate with someone who is deaf?

Relative clause 'کسی که...'.

او به دلیل پیری کمی سنگین‌گوش شده است، نه کاملاً کر.

He has become a bit hard of hearing due to old age, not completely deaf.

Contrast between 'سنگین‌گوش' and 'کر'.

جامعه باید حقوق افرادی را که کر یا نابینا هستند رعایت کند.

Society must respect the rights of people who are deaf or blind.

Plural noun 'افراد' modified by a relative clause.

فریادهای او گوش فلک را کر کرده بود.

His screams had deafened the ears of the heavens (he was very loud).

Idiomatic expression for extreme volume.

نویسنده در این داستان از شخصیت یک پیرمرد کر برای ایجاد طنز استفاده کرده است.

The author has used the character of a deaf old man to create humor in this story.

Present perfect tense 'استفاده کرده است'.

او علی‌رغم کری، توانست در مسابقات شنا مدال طلا بگیرد.

Despite his deafness, he was able to win a gold medal in swimming competitions.

Preposition 'علی‌رغم' (despite).

بعضی‌ها در برابر حقیقت خود را به کری و کوری می‌زنند.

Some people pretend to be deaf and blind in the face of truth.

Metaphorical usage of sensory disabilities.

این بیماری اگر درمان نشود، می‌تواند منجر به کر شدن دائمی شود.

If this disease is not treated, it can lead to permanent deafness.

Conditional sentence with 'اگر' and 'منجر به'.

صدای کر کننده جت‌ها از بالای شهر گذشت.

The deafening sound of the jets passed over the city.

Adjectival phrase 'کر کننده' (deafening).

او با استفاده از سمعک دیگر کر نیست و به خوبی می‌شنود.

By using a hearing aid, he is no longer deaf and hears well.

Use of 'دیگر' (no longer).

در اشعار کلاسیک، کر بودن غالباً نمادی از جهل معنوی است.

In classical poems, being deaf is often a symbol of spiritual ignorance.

Abstract noun 'جهل' (ignorance).

بسیاری از منتقدان معتقدند که دولت در برابر خواسته‌های مردم کر شده است.

Many critics believe that the government has become deaf to the people's demands.

Reporting verb 'معتقد بودن' (to believe/be of the opinion).

ویژگی‌های صوتی محیط می‌تواند باعث کری موقت در کارگران شود.

Acoustic features of the environment can cause temporary deafness in workers.

Technical vocabulary 'ویژگی‌های صوتی'.

او در رساله‌اش به بررسی تاریخچه آموزش به کودکان کر در ایران پرداخته است.

In his treatise, he has examined the history of education for deaf children in Iran.

Formal verb 'پرداختن به' (to address/examine).

زبان اشاره، دنیای سکوت را برای افراد کر به دنیایی پر از معنا تبدیل می‌کند.

Sign language transforms the world of silence into a world full of meaning for deaf people.

Verb 'تبدیل کردن' (to transform).

او با چنان شدتی فریاد زد که گویی می‌خواست تمام دنیا را کر کند.

He shouted with such intensity as if he wanted to deafen the whole world.

Conjunction 'گویی' (as if).

درمان‌های نوین ژنتیکی امیدی تازه برای درمان کری مادرزاد ایجاد کرده‌اند.

Modern genetic treatments have created new hope for treating congenital deafness.

Plural verb agreement with 'درمان‌ها'.

این فیلم به زیبایی چالش‌های زندگی یک هنرمند کر را به تصویر می‌کشد.

This film beautifully depicts the challenges of the life of a deaf artist.

Idiom 'به تصویر کشیدن' (to depict).

مولانا در مثنوی معنوی، کر بودن را به ندیدن نشانه‌های الهی پیوند می‌دهد.

Rumi, in the Masnavi, links being deaf to not seeing divine signs.

Literary analysis structure.

سیاستمداران گاهی به عمد گوش خود را بر حقایق تلخ کر می‌کنند تا از مسئولیت بگریزند.

Politicians sometimes intentionally deafen their ears to bitter truths to escape responsibility.

Complex purposeful clause.

واکاوی پدیده کری در ادبیات معاصر نشان‌دهنده انزوای فردی در جوامع مدرن است.

Analyzing the phenomenon of deafness in contemporary literature indicates individual isolation in modern societies.

Highly academic 'واکاوی' (analysis/probing).

او با ظرافتی خاص، تفاوت‌های ظریف بین 'ناشنوایی' و 'کری' را در متن خود تبیین کرده است.

With a specific delicacy, he has explained the subtle differences between 'hearing loss' and 'deafness' in his text.

Formal verb 'تبیین کردن' (to explain/elucidate).

آیا سکوت مطلق، همان‌طور که برای یک فرد کر وجود دارد، برای دیگران قابل درک است؟

Is absolute silence, as it exists for a deaf person, understandable for others?

Philosophical inquiry structure.

این قطعه موسیقی، تجربه‌ی تدریجی کر شدن را با استفاده از کاهش بسامدها بازسازی می‌کند.

This musical piece reconstructs the experience of gradually going deaf using frequency reduction.

Technical musicology terms.

برخی فلاسفه معتقدند که ما در برابر فریادهای استمداد طبیعت کر شده‌ایم.

Some philosophers believe that we have become deaf to nature's cries for help.

Metaphorical environmental discourse.

او چنان در افکار خود غرق بود که گویی نسبت به تمام صداهای اطراف کر شده است.

He was so drowned in his thoughts as if he had become deaf to all surrounding sounds.

Intensive state description.

常见搭配

کر کردن

کر شدن

کرِ مادرزاد

کاملاً کر

کمی کر

صدای کر کننده

خود را به کری زدن

کر و کور

کر و لال

گوشِ کر

常用短语

مگر کری؟

— Are you deaf? (Used when someone ignores you).

سه بار صدایت کردم، مگر کری؟

گوشم کر شد!

— My ear went deaf! (Used when something is too loud).

جیغ نزن، گوشم کر شد!

کر و کور شدن

— To become deaf and blind (metaphorically, to be oblivious).

او از عشق کر و کور شده است.

صدای کر کننده

— A deafening sound.

صدای کر کننده طبل‌ها.

دنیای ناشنوایان

— The world of the deaf.

او در دنیای ناشنوایان زندگی می‌کند.

کریِ موقت

— Temporary deafness.

او دچار کریِ موقت شده است.

مدرسه کرها

— School for the deaf (slightly informal).

او در مدرسه کرها درس می‌خواند.

گوشِ کرِ زمانه

— The deaf ear of the times (literary).

ناله‌های او به گوش کر زمانه نرسید.

درمان کری

— Cure for deafness.

دانشمندان به دنبال درمان کری هستند.

تظاهر به کری

— Pretending to be deaf.

تظاهر به کری راه حل خوبی نیست.

容易混淆的词

کر vs کور (Kur)

Means 'blind'. The spelling is almost identical, but the vowel sound is different.

کر vs خر (Khar)

Means 'donkey'. In fast speech, the 'k' and 'r' sounds might cause confusion.

کر vs کار (Kar)

Means 'work'. The 'a' sound is long, unlike the short 'o' in 'Kor'.

习语与表达

"گوش فلک را کر کردن"

— To be incredibly loud; to deafen the heavens.

صدای ساز او گوش فلک را کر می‌کند.

Literary/Common

"خود را به کری زدن"

— To ignore someone intentionally; to pretend not to hear.

هر چه می‌گویم، خودش را به کری می‌زند.

Colloquial

"کر و کور و لال"

— Totally oblivious or ignorant (often spiritual).

او در برابر حقایق کر و کور و لال است.

Literary/Religious

"گوشش کر است"

— He won't listen to advice or reason.

نصیحت نکن، گوشش کر است.

Colloquial

"کر کردن گوش کسی"

— To talk someone's ear off or be very loud.

با حرف‌هایش گوشم را کر کرد.

Informal

"مثل دیوار کر"

— As deaf as a wall (stone-deaf).

او مثل دیوار کر است.

Informal

"کری از خود نشان دادن"

— To show deafness (to be unresponsive).

او نسبت به مشکلات ما کری از خود نشان می‌دهد.

Formal

"گوشش بدهکار نیست"

— Related idiom: His ear is not a debtor (He doesn't listen/care).

هر چه بگویی، گوشش بدهکار نیست.

Colloquial

"پنبه در گوش گذاشتن"

— To put cotton in one's ears (to act deaf).

انگار پنبه در گوشش گذاشته و هیچ نمی‌شنود.

Idiomatic

"کرِ مصلحتی"

— Conveniently deaf (ignoring what one doesn't want to hear).

او دچار کریِ مصلحتی شده است.

Humorous

容易混淆

کر vs کور

Visual and phonetic similarity.

'Kor' means deaf; 'Kur' means blind. 'Kor' has a short 'o', 'Kur' has a long 'u'.

او کر است (Deaf) vs او کور است (Blind).

کر vs کر

Same spelling as 'Kur' in unvocalized text.

Context usually determines if it's 'Kor' or 'Kur', but 'Kor' is more common for hearing.

Context: 'He didn't hear' -> Kor.

کر vs لال

Often associated with deafness.

'Lāl' means mute (unable to speak). 'Kor' is specifically about hearing.

او کر است اما لال نیست.

کر vs سنگین‌گوش

Both relate to hearing loss.

'Kor' is absolute (deaf); 'Sangin-gush' is partial (hard of hearing).

پیرمرد سنگین‌گوش است، نه کر.

کر vs ناشنوا

Both mean deaf.

'Kor' is the basic adjective; 'Nāshonavā' is the formal/polite version.

Use 'Nāshonavā' in a speech.

句型

[Subject] [Adjective] است.

او کر است.

[Noise] [Subject] را کر کرد.

صدا مرا کر کرد.

[Subject] از [Time] کر بوده است.

او از کودکی کر بوده است.

[Subject] تظاهر به [Noun] می‌کند.

او تظاهر به کری می‌کند.

[Subject] کرِ مادرزاد است.

این کودک کرِ مادرزاد است.

صدای کر کننده [Noun].

صدای کر کننده طبل.

در برابر [Concept] کر شدن.

در برابر حقیقت کر شدن.

گوش فلک را کر کردن.

فریادش گوش فلک را کر کرد.

词族

名词

کری (Kari - Deafness)

ناشنوا (Nāshonavā - Deaf person)

ناشنوایی (Nāshonavāyi - Hearing loss)

动词

کر کردن (Kor kardan - To deafen)

کر شدن (Kor shodan - To go deaf)

形容词

کر (Kor - Deaf)

ناشنوا (Nāshonavā - Non-hearing)

کر کننده (Kor konandeh - Deafening)

如何使用

frequency

Very common in daily life and literature.

常见错误

Using 'Kur' instead of 'Kor'. → Kor (کر)
Saying 'Kur' means you are calling the person blind, which is a completely different disability and can cause confusion.
Saying 'Man Kari hastam'. → Man Kor hastam (or Man Keram).
'Kari' is the noun 'deafness'. You cannot 'be' deafness; you 'are' deaf (Kor).
Omitting 'ra' in 'Seda gusham kor kard'. → Seda gusham ra kor kard.
Since 'gusham' (my ear) is the specific object of the verb 'kor kardan', it needs the 'ra' marker.
Using 'Kor' for a polite introduction. → Nāshonavā (ناشنوا)
In a formal introduction, 'Kor' sounds too blunt and uneducated. 'Nāshonavā' is the appropriate professional term.
Confusing 'Kor' with 'Khar'. → Kor (کر)
'Khar' means donkey. Mispronouncing the vowel can turn a description of hearing loss into an accidental insult.

小贴士

The Short O

Don't stretch the vowel. 'Kor' is quick. If you say 'Koooor', people will think you are talking about something else or mispronouncing 'Kur' (blind).

Politeness First

When meeting a deaf person in Iran, use 'Nāshonavā'. It shows you are culturally aware and respectful of their identity.

The Trio

Learn 'Kor' (deaf), 'Kur' (blind), and 'Lāl' (mute) together. They often appear as a set in Persian idioms and literature.

Pretending

Use 'khodrā be kari zadan' when someone is ignoring your texts or calls. It's a very common way to describe being ignored.

Compound Verbs

Remember that 'Kor kardan' (to deafen) is a transitive verb and usually takes the 'ra' marker for the object.

Noisy Cities

In a city like Tehran, you will use 'Kor shodam' (I went deaf) often because of the traffic and construction noise. It's a great survival phrase!

Visual Check

In Persian script, 'کر' is very short. If you see a 'و' in the middle (کور), it's 'blind'. This is a common reading test error.

Elderly Care

When talking to your Iranian friend about their grandparents, 'Sangin-gush' is the most empathetic word to use.

Vowel Distinction

Listen to recordings of 'Kor' and 'Kur' side by side. The difference between the short 'o' and long 'u' is vital for B1 mastery.

Literary Use

If you are writing a poem or a story, 'Kor' can be used to symbolize a character's internal isolation or lack of awareness.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of a 'Core' (Kor) that is so loud it makes you deaf. Or imagine a door (Dar) slamming so hard you go 'Kor'.

视觉联想

Imagine a giant ear with a big 'X' through the 'Core' of it.

Word Web

گوش (Ear) شنیدن (To hear) صدا (Sound) سکوت (Silence) سمعک (Hearing aid) لال (Mute) کور (Blind) ناشنوا (Deaf)

挑战

Try to use 'کر' and 'کور' in the same sentence to practice the vowel distinction, like: 'او کر است اما کور نیست' (He is deaf but not blind).

词源

Derived from Middle Persian 'karr', which traces back to Proto-Indo-European roots related to being hard or stiff.

原始含义： The word has consistently meant 'deaf' throughout the history of the Persian language.

Indo-European > Indo-Iranian > Iranian > Western Iranian > Persian

文化背景

Avoid using 'کر' as an insult (e.g., 'Are you deaf?'). Always use 'ناشنوا' when referring to a person with a hearing disability in their presence.

Similar to the English shift from 'deaf' to 'hard of hearing' or 'hearing impaired,' Persian has moved from 'کر' to 'ناشنوا' in formal usage.

Rumi's story of the Deaf Man visiting his sick neighbor. Beethoven (often referred to as 'آهنگساز کر'). Jabbar Baghtcheban (founder of the first school for the deaf in Iran).

在生活中练习

真实语境

Medical/Hospital

تست شنوایی
مشکل کری
جراحی گوش
سمعک لازم داشتن

Noisy Environment

گوشم کر شد
صدای کر کننده
خیلی بلند است
داد نزن

School/Education

مدرسه ناشنوایان
معلم زبان اشاره
آموزش به کودکان کر
لب‌خوانی

Classical Literature

کر و کور و گنگ
گوش حقیقت‌نیوش
ندای حق
غفلت

Daily Conversation

کمی کر هستم
بلندتر بگو
نشنیدم چی گفتی
مگر کری؟

对话开场白

"آیا تا به حال به خاطر صدای بلند برای مدتی کر شده‌اید؟ (Have you ever gone deaf for a while due to a loud noise?)"

"به نظر شما زندگی برای یک فرد کر در این شهر سخت است؟ (Do you think life is hard for a deaf person in this city?)"

"آیا با زبان اشاره برای ارتباط با افراد کر آشنایی دارید؟ (Are you familiar with sign language to communicate with deaf people?)"

"اگر یک روز کر شوید، بیش از همه دلتان برای چه صدایی تنگ می‌شود؟ (If you went deaf one day, what sound would you miss the most?)"

"چگونه می‌توانیم فضای شهر را برای افراد ناشنوا بهتر کنیم؟ (How can we make the city space better for non-hearing people?)"

日记主题

درباره تجربه‌ای بنویسید که در آن به دلیل شلوغی زیاد، احساس کردید کر شده‌اید. (Write about an experience where you felt you went deaf due to extreme crowding/noise.)

تفاوت‌های بین واژه 'کر' و 'ناشنوا' را از نظر فرهنگی در ایران توضیح دهید. (Explain the cultural differences between the words 'Kor' and 'Nāshonavā' in Iran.)

داستانی کوتاه درباره مردی بنویسید که تظاهر می‌کرد کر است تا حرف‌های همسرش را نشنود. (Write a short story about a man who pretended to be deaf to avoid hearing his wife's words.)

نقش تکنولوژی در کمک به افرادی که کر هستند را بررسی کنید. (Examine the role of technology in helping people who are deaf.)

اگر بتهوون کر نبود، آیا موسیقی او متفاوت می‌شد؟ نظر خود را بنویسید. (If Beethoven weren't deaf, would his music be different? Write your opinion.)

常见问题

10 个问题

The main difference is formality and politeness. 'Kor' is the direct, dictionary word for 'deaf' and is used in informal settings or exaggerations. 'Nāshonavā' is the polite, formal term used in professional, medical, and respectful contexts. If you are talking to a stranger or about a person with hearing loss in a respectful way, always use 'Nāshonavā'.

It is not inherently offensive, but it can be blunt. Using it to describe someone's disability to their face might be seen as insensitive. However, using it in phrases like 'گوشم کر شد' (My ear went deaf from the noise) is perfectly fine and very common. It's similar to how 'deaf' is used in English versus 'hearing-impaired'.

You should use the term 'سنگین‌گوش' (Sangin-gush). You can say 'من کمی سنگین‌گوش هستم' or informally 'گوشم یکم سنگینه'. This is a very natural and polite way to express that you have some difficulty hearing without saying you are completely deaf.

Yes, the term is 'کرِ مادرزاد' (Kor-e mādar-zād). 'Mādar-zād' literally means 'born of mother' and is used to describe any condition that has existed since birth. It is the equivalent of 'congenital' in English.

It is pronounced with a short 'o' sound, like in the English word 'hot' (if spoken with a British accent) or the 'o' in 'core' but shorter. The 'r' at the end is a quick tap of the tongue against the roof of the mouth, not the long, sliding 'r' found in American English.

This is a famous Persian idiom that literally means 'to deafen the ear of the heavens.' It is used to describe an extremely loud noise, such as a very loud scream, a massive explosion, or even very loud music. It's a poetic way of saying something was 'ear-splittingly loud'.

Yes, you can use it to describe animals. For example, 'سگِ کر' (a deaf dog) or 'گربه من کر است' (My cat is deaf). In this context, it is a purely descriptive adjective and carries no social stigma.

It is written as 'کر'. It consists of two letters: 'ک' (Kāf) and 'ر' (Re). Note that without vowel marks, it looks exactly like 'کور' (blind) would if the 'v' (vāv) was omitted, but 'کور' actually includes a 'و', so 'کر' is shorter.

The literal opposite is 'شنوا' (Shonavā), which means 'hearing' or 'able to hear.' However, in daily conversation, people don't usually describe themselves as 'شنوا' unless they are contrasting it with being deaf or speaking metaphorically about 'listening' to truth.

Yes, one of the most famous is a story by the poet Rumi in the Masnavi. It tells of a deaf man who goes to visit his sick neighbor. Because he can't hear, he pre-plans the entire conversation in his head, leading to a series of hilarious and unfortunate misunderstandings.

免费注册查看提示和笔记