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A2 noun #2,800 最常用 8分钟阅读

قرض

开始练习 例句 笔记与提示 قرض 30秒了解
解析 قرض in your Level:
At the A1 level, 'قرض' (qarz) is introduced as a simple concept of borrowing and lending. Students learn it primarily through two phrases: 'qarz gereftan' (to borrow) and 'qarz dadan' (to lend). The focus is on concrete, everyday items like a pen, a book, or a small amount of money. For an A1 learner, the goal is to be able to ask for something politely. For example, 'Can I borrow your pen?' (Mish-e khodkaret ro qarz begiram?). The grammar is kept simple, usually in the present or simple past tense. Learners are taught that 'qarz' is a noun that pairs with 'gereftan' (to take) or 'dadan' (to give). They don't need to worry about the complex economic or legal nuances yet. The emphasis is on the social interaction of asking for and returning small favors. Visual aids often show two people exchanging an object to reinforce the 'take/give' nature of the word. Repetition of the phrases 'pool qarz dadan' (to lend money) and 'ketab qarz gereftan' (to borrow a book) helps solidify the word in their basic vocabulary. By the end of this level, a student should feel comfortable using 'qarz' in a classroom or home setting for basic needs.
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At the A2 level, learners expand their use of 'قرض' to include more varied social situations and slightly more complex sentence structures. They begin to use prepositions like 'az' (from) and 'be' (to) consistently. For instance, 'I borrowed money from my mother' (Az madaram pool qarz gereftam). They also start to understand the concept of time in relation to a loan, using phrases like 'for two days' (baraye do rooz). A2 learners are introduced to the negative aspects of borrowing, such as 'not being able to pay back' (natavanestan dar pas dadan). They might encounter the word in simple stories or dialogues about shopping or planning a trip where budgets are discussed. The distinction between 'qarz' and 'vam' (bank loan) might be briefly mentioned to prevent common errors. Exercises at this level often involve role-playing a situation at a shop or between friends. The vocabulary surrounding 'qarz' grows to include 'pas dadan' (to return/repay) and 'pool-e naghd' (cash). The learner's ability to describe a sequence of events—borrowing, using, and returning—is a key milestone at this stage.
At the B1 level, the learner's understanding of 'قرض' becomes more nuanced, moving into the realm of personal finance and social responsibility. They can discuss the reasons *why* someone might need a loan, using connectors like 'chon' (because) or 'be khatere' (due to). They learn about 'qarz-al-hasaneh' as a cultural and religious concept, understanding that it refers to an interest-free loan based on goodwill. B1 students can handle more complex tenses, such as the conditional: 'If I had money, I would lend it to you' (Agar pool dashtam, be to qarz midadam). They also start to use the word in metaphorical contexts, like 'borrowing an idea' or 'borrowing time'. The vocabulary expands to include 'talabkar' (creditor) and 'bedehkar' (debtor). Reading materials might include short articles about personal budgeting or the importance of trust in a community. Learners are expected to express their opinions on borrowing money from friends versus banks. They also become more aware of the 'Ta'arof' involved in these transactions, learning the polite phrases used when offering or requesting financial help.
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At the B2 level, 'قرض' is used in broader economic and social discussions. Learners can understand and participate in debates about national debt, interest rates, and the ethics of lending. They are introduced to formal synonyms like 'esteqraz' and 'madyooniyat'. B2 students can read news reports about 'esteqraz-e khareji' (foreign debt) or 'esteqraz-e dowlat' (government borrowing) and understand the implications for the economy. They learn to use 'qarz' in complex grammatical structures, including passive voices and subjunctive moods in sophisticated arguments. For example, 'It is necessary that the government reduces its borrowing' (Lazem ast ke dowlat esteqraz-e khod ra kahesh dahad). They also explore the idiomatic side of the word, such as 'qarz-o-ghooleh' and its connotations of financial struggle. At this stage, the learner is expected to understand the subtle difference between 'qarz' (a specific loan) and 'bedehi' (the general state of debt) in professional contexts. They can write essays or give presentations on the impact of debt on individuals and society, using a wide range of related vocabulary like 'bahre' (interest), 'sar-resid' (maturity/due date), and 'zamen' (guarantor).
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At the C1 level, the learner achieves a near-native grasp of 'قرض', including its historical, literary, and legal dimensions. They can analyze classical Persian poetry where 'qarz' is used as a metaphor for the transitory nature of life or the soul's debt to the Creator. They understand the legal intricacies of 'Qarz' in the Iranian Civil Code and how it differs from other contracts like 'Ariyat' (lending for use without consumption). C1 learners can navigate high-level financial documents and academic papers on Islamic banking and the role of 'qarz-al-hasaneh' in modern economics. Their vocabulary is rich with archaic and specialized terms. They can use the word with precision in various registers, from the most informal street slang to the most formal academic discourse. They are also sensitive to the cultural taboos and sensitivities surrounding debt in different social strata of Iran. For instance, they understand when 'qarz' might be a sensitive topic and how to use euphemisms or indirect language to discuss it. Their ability to use 'qarz' in complex rhetorical devices, such as irony or hyperbole, is well-developed.
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At the C2 level, the mastery of 'قرض' is absolute. The learner can interpret the most subtle nuances of the word in any context. They can engage in professional legal or economic consultations in Persian, discussing the minute details of loan agreements, debt restructuring, and financial litigation. They are familiar with the etymological roots of the word and its cognates in other Semitic and Indo-European languages. A C2 learner can appreciate and produce sophisticated wordplay involving 'qarz' in literature or high-level journalism. They understand the deep philosophical implications of debt in Persian thought, from the works of Rumi to modern existentialist writers. They can switch effortlessly between different dialects and registers, understanding how the word 'qarz' might be pronounced or used differently in Tehrani, Dari, or Tajik Persian. At this level, the word is not just a vocabulary item but a window into the complex web of Persian social, economic, and spiritual life. They can write authoritative texts on the history of credit in the Persian Bazaar or the evolution of banking laws in Iran, using 'قرض' and its derivatives with perfect accuracy and stylistic elegance.
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开始练习 例句 笔记与提示

قرض 30秒了解

  • Qarz means loan or debt, primarily used for informal borrowing between individuals.
  • It is commonly paired with 'gereftan' (to borrow) and 'dadan' (to lend).
  • Cultural significance includes 'Qarz-al-hasaneh', an interest-free loan based on trust.
  • Distinguish it from 'vam' (formal bank loan) and 'bedehi' (the state of being in debt).

The Persian word قرض (pronounced 'qarz') is a fundamental noun in the Persian language, primarily signifying a loan or a debt. At its core, it represents the act of borrowing something—most commonly money—with the explicit understanding and moral or legal obligation that it will be returned or repaid in the future. While often used in financial contexts, its application extends to objects and even metaphorical favors. In the Iranian cultural and linguistic landscape, the concept of a loan is deeply intertwined with social trust and religious principles, particularly the Islamic concept of 'Qarz-al-hasana' (an interest-free loan). Understanding this word requires looking beyond a simple dictionary definition; it involves recognizing the social contract between the lender and the borrower. When you take a قرض, you are not just receiving capital; you are entering into a relationship of 'bedehkari' (indebtedness) that carries significant weight in Persian social etiquette.

Financial Context
Money borrowed from a person or institution that must be paid back.
Material Context
A physical item, like a book or a tool, borrowed for temporary use.
Abstract Context
A metaphorical debt of gratitude or a favor that needs to be returned.

In daily life, you might hear this word at a local grocery store where a customer might ask for items on credit, or between friends when one is short on cash for a meal. The word originates from Arabic but has been fully integrated into Persian for centuries, maintaining its formal and informal utility. It is important to distinguish it from 'vam' (وام), which typically refers to a more formal bank loan with specific terms and often interest. قرض is more personal, often occurring between individuals who share a level of trust. It is the lifeblood of informal economies in many traditional Iranian bazaars, where 'etebar' (credit/trust) is the currency that facilitates these loans.

"من به دوستم کمی پول قرض دادم تا بتواند کرایه خانه‌اش را بپردازد." (I gave my friend some money as a loan so he could pay his rent.)

"آیا می‌توانم این کتاب را برای چند روز از تو قرض بگیرم؟" (Can I borrow this book from you for a few days?)

"او همیشه در حال قرض گرفتن است و هیچ‌وقت پس نمی‌دهد." (He is always borrowing and never gives it back.)

"زندگی ما پر از قرض و بدهی شده است." (Our life has become full of loans and debts.)

"قرض گرفتن از غریبه‌ها کار درستی نیست." (Borrowing from strangers is not the right thing to do.)

Furthermore, the word قرض appears in various legal and religious texts. In Islamic jurisprudence, 'Qarz' is a contract where one party gives ownership of a fungible property to another, who then becomes liable for its return in kind. This highlights the precision of the word; it isn't just about 'using' something, but about the transfer of liability. When you borrow a cup of sugar from a neighbor, you aren't returning the *exact* same grains of sugar; you are returning an equivalent amount. This is the essence of قرض—the replacement of value.

Using قرض correctly involves mastering its common verbal pairings. The most frequent are 'qarz gereftan' (to borrow) and 'qarz dadan' (to lend). However, the nuances of these actions are shaped by the prepositions and the context of the sentence. For instance, when you borrow *from* someone, you use the preposition 'az' (از). Example: 'Man az baradaram pool qarz gereftam' (I borrowed money from my brother). Conversely, when you lend *to* someone, you use 'be' (به). Example: 'Man be doostam ketab qarz dadam' (I lent a book to my friend).

Qarz Gereftan (قرض گرفتن)
To take a loan/to borrow. Focuses on the recipient.
Qarz Dadan (قرض دادن)
To give a loan/to lend. Focuses on the provider.
Pas Dadan-e Qarz (پس دادن قرض)
To repay the loan. Crucial for maintaining trust.

In more formal or literary settings, you might encounter 'esteqraz' (استقراض), which is the formal act of borrowing, often used in government or large-scale economic contexts. For example, 'esteqraz-e dowlat az bank-e markazi' (the government's borrowing from the central bank). For everyday learners, sticking to the basic 'qarz' is more practical. Another important aspect is the duration. You can specify the time using 'baraye' (for). 'Baraye yek hafte' (for one week). This adds clarity to the agreement.

"آیا می‌توانی به من صد هزار تومان قرض بدهی؟" (Can you lend me 100,000 Tomans?)

Another common usage involves the phrase 'qarz-o-ghooleh' (قرض و قوله). This is a colloquial, somewhat reduplicative phrase used to describe a messy or accumulated state of various small debts. Someone might say, 'Ba qarz-o-ghooleh in mashin ro kharidom' (I bought this car with various small loans and debts), implying they had to scrape money together from multiple sources. This highlights the word's flexibility in informal speech. When using قرض in a sentence, remember that it is a noun, but it acts as the object of the compound verb. Therefore, the stress usually falls on the last syllable of 'qarz' before the verb begins.

You will encounter قرض in a variety of settings, ranging from the highly personal to the strictly professional. In an Iranian household, it’s common to hear family members discussing financial help. A parent might say, 'Be pesaram pool qarz dadam ta maghaze baz kone' (I lent my son money to open a shop). In the traditional Bazaar, the word is ubiquitous. Shopkeepers often have long-standing relationships with customers where 'nesiyeh' (credit) is a form of قرض. You might hear a customer say, 'In ro be-zar pay-e gharz-e man' (Put this on my debt/account).

At the Bank
While 'vam' is more common for formal loans, 'qarz-al-hasaneh' accounts are a specific type of interest-free savings and loan system you'll see on signs.
In Literature
Poets often use 'qarz' metaphorically to talk about life being a 'loan' from God or nature that must be returned upon death.
News and Media
Economic reports frequently discuss 'bedehi-ha-ye dowlat' (government debts) and 'esteqraz-e khareji' (foreign borrowing).

In movies and TV dramas, قرض is a frequent plot device. A character might be in trouble because of 'qarz-e sangin' (heavy debt), leading to tension with 'talabkar-ha' (creditors). This reflects the real-world social pressure associated with debt in Iran. If you are watching a Persian film and a character looks stressed while talking on the phone about money, listen for the word 'qarz'. It often signals a turning point in the story or a deep personal struggle. Furthermore, in the workplace, a colleague might ask to 'qarz' a stapler or a pen, showing the word's versatility in minor daily interactions.

"قرض‌الحسنه یکی از سنت‌های خوب در فرهنگ ماست." (Interest-free lending is one of the good traditions in our culture.)

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is confusing قرض (qarz) with وام (vam). While both translate to 'loan', their usage is distinct. 'Vam' is almost exclusively used for formal, institutional loans, like a mortgage or a business loan from a bank, which usually involves interest ('bahre') and a formal contract. 'Qarz' is more general and covers informal borrowing between friends, neighbors, or family. Using 'vam' when asking a friend for five dollars sounds overly formal and slightly robotic.

Another mistake is the confusion between 'qarz' and 'bedehi' (بدهی). 'Qarz' is the act or the specific amount borrowed, whereas 'bedehi' is the state of owing money (debt). You *take* a 'qarz', and as a result, you *have* a 'bedehi'. For example, 'Man dah million qarz gereftam, pas hala dah million bedehi daram' (I took a 10 million loan, so now I have a 10 million debt). Using them interchangeably can sometimes cloud the meaning of whether you are talking about the transaction or the ongoing financial obligation.

Lastly, learners sometimes forget the correct prepositions. Remember: 'qarz az' (borrow from) and 'qarz be' (lend to). Mixing these up can completely flip the meaning of the sentence, making it sound like you gave money when you actually received it. Also, be careful with the pronunciation; the 'q' (ق) is a deep glottal stop or a voiced uvular plosive, and the 'z' (ض) is a simple 'z' sound in Persian, unlike in Arabic where it has a different phonetic quality.

To truly master قرض, it's helpful to understand its synonyms and related terms. Each has a specific shade of meaning that 'qarz' might not fully capture. For instance, بدهی (bedehi) is the most common word for 'debt' in a general sense. If you owe money to the utility company, that is a 'bedehi', not necessarily a 'qarz' in the sense of a personal loan. دین (deyn) is a more formal, often religious or moral term for debt. It implies a deep obligation that must be fulfilled, sometimes even beyond financial matters.

وام (Vam)
A formal bank loan. Usually involves interest and paperwork.
اعتبار (Etebar)
Credit. The ability to borrow based on trust or financial standing.
نسیه (Nesiyeh)
Buying on credit. Specifically used in retail where you take the goods now and pay later.
مساعده (Mosa'edeh)
An advance on one's salary. It's a type of loan from an employer.

In a legal context, you might see مدیون (madyoon), which means 'indebted' or 'debtor'. This is the person who has taken the 'qarz'. The person who gave the loan is the داین (dayen) or more commonly طلبتکار (talabkar). Understanding these roles helps in navigating more complex conversations about finances. While 'qarz' is the most versatile and common word for beginners, as you progress, using 'vam' for banks and 'nesiyeh' for the bakery will make your Persian sound much more natural and sophisticated.

"او به من مدیون است، نه فقط برای پول، بلکه برای مهربانی‌اش." (He is indebted to me, not just for money, but for his kindness.)

How Formal Is It?

难度评级

需要掌握的语法

Compound Verbs with 'Dadan' and 'Gereftan'

Prepositions 'Az' and 'Be'

Subjunctive mood in requests

Noun-Adjective agreement in Persian

Relative clauses with 'Ke'

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按水平分级的例句

1

من یک مداد قرض گرفتم.

I borrowed a pencil.

Simple past tense of 'qarz gereftan'.

2

او به من کتاب قرض داد.

He lent me a book.

Subject + Indirect Object + Direct Object + Verb.

3

آیا می‌توانم پول قرض بگیرم؟

Can I borrow money?

Using 'tavanestan' (can) for a request.

4

مادرم به من پول قرض می‌دهد.

My mother gives me a loan (lends me money).

Present continuous/habitual sense.

5

من باید این کتاب را پس بدهم.

I must give back this book.

Using 'bayad' (must) with 'pas dadan'.

6

او همیشه قرض می‌گیرد.

He always borrows.

Adverb 'hamisheh' (always) with present tense.

7

قرض گرفتن خوب نیست.

Borrowing is not good.

Gerund-like use of the infinitive.

8

دوستم به من ده تومان قرض داد.

My friend lent me ten Tomans.

Specific amount mentioned.

1

من از برادرم کمی پول قرض گرفتم تا نان بخرم.

I borrowed some money from my brother to buy bread.

Use of 'az' (from) and 'ta' (so that).

2

او قول داد که قرضش را هفته آینده پس بدهد.

He promised to pay back his loan next week.

Subordinate clause with 'ke'.

3

ما برای خرید ماشین به قرض نیاز داریم.

We need a loan to buy a car.

Noun 'qarz' as the object of 'niyaz dashtan'.

4

آیا تو به کسی پول قرض می‌دهی؟

Do you lend money to anyone?

Question form with 'be kasi' (to someone).

5

او کتابم را قرض گرفت و گم کرد.

He borrowed my book and lost it.

Compound sentence with 'va' (and).

6

من نمی‌خواهم از غریبه‌ها قرض بگیرم.

I don't want to borrow from strangers.

Negative 'nemikhaham' (I don't want).

7

قرض دادن به دوستان گاهی مشکل‌ساز است.

Lending to friends is sometimes problematic.

Adjective 'moshkel-saz' (problematic).

8

او بابت قرضی که گرفته بود، تشکر کرد.

He thanked (me) for the loan he had taken.

Relative clause 'ke gerefteh bood'.

1

بسیاری از مردم برای شروع کار خود قرض می‌گیرند.

Many people take loans to start their own business.

General statement about 'mardom' (people).

2

او به خاطر قرض‌های زیادش، مجبور شد خانه‌اش را بفروشد.

Because of his many debts, he was forced to sell his house.

Cause and effect with 'be khatere'.

3

قرض‌الحسنه راهی برای کمک به نیازمندان بدون بهره است.

Qarz-al-hasaneh is a way to help the needy without interest.

Definition-style sentence.

4

اگر به من قرض نمی‌دادی، نمی‌توانستم این دوره را تمام کنم.

If you hadn't lent to me, I couldn't have finished this course.

Past unreal conditional.

5

او همیشه با دقت قرض‌هایش را یادداشت می‌کند.

He always carefully notes down his loans.

Adverbial phrase 'ba deghat' (carefully).

6

آیا فکر می‌کنی قرض گرفتن از بانک بهتر از دوستان است؟

Do you think borrowing from a bank is better than from friends?

Comparative 'behtar az'.

7

او با قرض و قوله توانست یک آپارتمان کوچک بخرد.

With various small loans, he managed to buy a small apartment.

Idiomatic 'qarz-o-ghooleh'.

8

پس دادن قرض در زمان معین، نشانه شخصیت است.

Repaying a loan at a set time is a sign of character.

Abstract subject phrase.

1

دولت برای جبران کسری بودجه به استقراض داخلی روی آورده است.

The government has turned to domestic borrowing to cover the budget deficit.

Formal term 'esteqraz'.

2

او در دریایی از قرض و بدهی غرق شده بود.

He was drowned in a sea of loans and debts.

Metaphorical language.

3

شرایط قرض گرفتن از این موسسه بسیار دشوار است.

The conditions for taking a loan from this institution are very difficult.

Noun phrase as subject.

4

او ترجیح می‌دهد سختی بکشد اما از کسی قرض نگیرد.

He prefers to suffer hardship but not borrow from anyone.

Contrast with 'ama' (but).

5

بازپرداخت قرض‌های خارجی فشار زیادی بر اقتصاد وارد می‌کند.

Repayment of foreign loans puts a lot of pressure on the economy.

Complex subject 'baz-pardakht-e qarz-ha-ye khareji'.

6

او مدعی شد که تمام قرض‌هایش را تا ریال آخر پرداخته است.

He claimed that he had paid all his debts to the last Rial.

Reported speech with 'modda'i shod'.

7

قرض گرفتن بدون برنامه ریزی، راهی به سوی ورشکستگی است.

Borrowing without planning is a path to bankruptcy.

Gerund phrase with 'bedoon-e' (without).

8

اعتبار او به قدری زیاد است که هر چقدر بخواهد به او قرض می‌دهند.

His credit is so high that they lend him as much as he wants.

Result clause 'be ghadri... ke'.

1

در متون فقهی، قرض به عنوان عقدی تملیکی شناخته می‌شود.

In jurisprudential texts, 'qarz' is recognized as an ownership-transferring contract.

Technical legal terminology.

2

او زندگی را قرضی از طبیعت می‌دانست که باید روزی بازگردانده شود.

He considered life a loan from nature that must be returned one day.

Philosophical/Literary usage.

3

تراکم قرض‌های معوقه باعث بحران در سیستم بانکی شد.

The accumulation of overdue loans caused a crisis in the banking system.

Economic jargon 'qarz-ha-ye mo'avagheh'.

4

او با ظرافتی خاص، از زیر بار قرض گرفتن شانه خالی کرد.

With a specific subtlety, he avoided the burden of borrowing.

Idiom 'shaneh khali kardan' (to shirk/avoid).

5

مفهوم قرض در اشعار حافظ، ابعادی عرفانی به خود می‌گیرد.

The concept of 'qarz' in Hafez's poems takes on mystical dimensions.

Literary analysis.

6

استقراض بی‌رویه دولت‌ها منجر به تورم لجام‌گسیخته می‌شود.

Excessive government borrowing leads to runaway inflation.

Advanced vocabulary 'bi-rooyeh' and 'lejam-gosikhteh'.

7

او در وصیت‌نامه‌اش بر تسویه تمام قرض‌های شرعی‌اش تاکید کرد.

In his will, he emphasized the settlement of all his religious debts.

Formal/Legal context.

8

قرض، اگرچه گره‌گشاست، اما می‌تواند زنجیری بر پای آزادی باشد.

A loan, though a problem-solver, can be a chain on the feet of freedom.

Rhetorical contrast.

1

تحلیل اپیستمولوژیک مفهوم قرض در حقوق مدنی ایران، پیچیدگی‌های بسیاری دارد.

The epistemological analysis of the concept of 'qarz' in Iranian civil law has many complexities.

Academic/Philosophical register.

2

او به چنان مرتبه‌ای از فقر رسیده بود که حتی نان را هم به قرض می‌خورد.

He had reached such a level of poverty that he even ate bread on credit/loan.

Extreme hypothetical/narrative use.

3

سیاست‌های پولی باید میان استقراض و نقدینگی توازنی ظریف برقرار کنند.

Monetary policies must establish a delicate balance between borrowing and liquidity.

High-level economic policy language.

4

در دیوان اشعار کلاسیک، گاه جهان مادی به مثابه قرضی فانی تصویر می‌شود.

In classical poetic divans, the material world is sometimes depicted as a mortal loan.

Literary criticism register.

5

حقوق‌دانان بر این باورند که ماهیت قرض با عاریه در جوهر متفاوت است.

Jurists believe that the nature of 'qarz' is fundamentally different from 'ariyeh'.

Comparative legal theory.

6

او با نگاهی هستی‌شناسانه، وجود انسان را قرضی از عدم می‌پنداشت.

With an ontological view, he considered human existence a loan from nothingness.

Existentialist philosophy.

7

بحران بدهی‌های حاکمیتی ریشه در استقراض‌های بی‌پشتوانه سده‌های گذشته دارد.

The sovereign debt crisis is rooted in the unsecured borrowings of past centuries.

Historical/Economic analysis.

8

او در لفافه و با کنایه، به قرض‌های پرداخت‌نشده رقیبش اشاره کرد.

In a veiled and sarcastic way, he alluded to his rival's unpaid loans.

Nuanced social interaction.

常见搭配

قرض گرفتن
قرض دادن
قرض الحسنه
قرض سنگین
قرض بالا آوردن
پس دادن قرض
درخواست قرض
قرض و قوله
بدون قرض
پرداخت قرض

常用短语

قرض گرفتن از کسی
قرض دادن به کسی
زیر بار قرض رفتن
قرض خود را ادا کردن
طلبکار و بدهکار
قرض‌الحسنه دادن
پول قرض لازم داشتن
قرض روی قرض
فرار از قرض
تسویه قرض

容易混淆的词

قرض vs وام (Vam)

قرض vs بدهی (Bedehi)

قرض vs عاریه (Ariyeh)

习语与表达

"قرض و قوله کردن"
"زیر بار قرض رفتن"
"قرضش را صاف کردن"
"کلاه تقی را سر نقی گذاشتن (to pay one debt by creating another)"
"قرض از غریبه، خنده به ریش خود"
"دست به قرض داشتن"
"قرض‌دار و ناله‌دار"
"با قرض زندگی کردن"
"قرض را با قرض پرداختن"
"به قرض افتادن"

容易混淆

قرض vs

قرض vs

قرض vs

句型

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如何使用

legal

A 'qarz' is legally binding even if the agreement is verbal.

social

It is often considered rude to ask for a loan in public.

temporal

You can use 'qarz-e kootah-moddat' for short-term loans.

常见错误
  • Using 'vam' for borrowing a pen.
  • Forgetting the preposition 'az' when borrowing from someone.
  • Confusing 'qarz' (loan) with 'gharaz' (grudge).
  • Using 'qarz kardan' instead of 'qarz gereftan' (though 'kardan' is sometimes used, 'gereftan' is more common).
  • Not distinguishing between the act of borrowing and the state of debt.

小贴士

Verb Pairing

Always pair 'qarz' with 'gereftan' or 'dadan' to form a complete action.

Trust

Lending is a sign of high trust in Persian culture; respect it by paying back on time.

Formal vs Informal

Use 'esteqraz' in formal writing and 'qarz' in daily conversation.

The 'Q' Sound

Practice the uvular 'q' sound; it's deeper than the English 'k'.

Returning Items

Use 'pas dadan' specifically when returning a loan.

Ta'arof

When offered a loan, it's polite to decline at first before accepting.

Spelling

Be careful with the letter 'Zad' (ض) in 'قرض'; don't use 'Zal' or 'Ze'.

Small Debts

Use 'qarz-o-ghooleh' to describe a situation with many small financial obligations.

Contracts

In legal contexts, 'qarz' implies the transfer of ownership of the borrowed item.

Hasaneh

Understand 'Qarz-al-hasaneh' as a key part of Islamic social welfare.

记住它

词源

Arabic (ق-ر-ض)

文化背景

The Bazaar economy relies heavily on informal credit and 'qarz' between merchants.

Interest (Riba) is forbidden in traditional Islamic views, making 'qarz' the preferred method of financial aid.

Lending small items to neighbors is a sign of good neighborliness.

在生活中练习

真实语境

对话开场白

"آیا تا به حال به کسی پول قرض داده‌ای؟ (Have you ever lent money to someone?)"

"به نظر تو قرض گرفتن از بانک بهتر است یا دوستان؟ (Do you think it's better to borrow from a bank or friends?)"

"اگر کسی قرضش را پس ندهد، چه کار می‌کنی؟ (What do you do if someone doesn't pay back their loan?)"

"آیا در کشور شما قرض‌الحسنه وجود دارد؟ (Is there 'Qarz-al-hasaneh' in your country?)"

"آخرین چیزی که قرض گرفتی چه بود؟ (What was the last thing you borrowed?)"

日记主题

Write about a time you borrowed something and lost it.

Describe your feelings about being in debt.

Discuss the pros and cons of lending money to family.

How does debt affect a person's mental health?

Imagine a world where 'qarz' doesn't exist.

常见问题

10 个问题

Qarz is generally for informal loans between people, while Vam is for formal bank loans.

You say 'qarz gereftan'.

You say 'qarz dadan'.

Yes, you can borrow a book or a pen using the word 'qarz'.

It is an interest-free loan given out of kindness or religious duty.

Yes, it has Arabic roots but is used extensively in Persian.

Use 'Mish-e lotfan... qarz begiram?'

It's a colloquial term for having many small, messy debts.

Usually, 'qarz' between individuals does not imply interest in Persian culture.

The common plural is 'qarz-ha'.

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自我测试 200 个问题

/ 200 correct

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