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A2 noun #2,500 最常用 9分钟阅读

لوازم

lavazem
开始练习 例句 笔记与提示 لوازم 30秒了解
解析 لوازم in your Level:
At the A1 level, you should think of لوازم (lavāzem) as a word for 'things' or 'stuff' that you need for school or home. It is most commonly seen in the phrase لوازم‌التحریر (lavāzem-ot-tahrir), which means school supplies like pens, pencils, and notebooks. You might hear a teacher say, 'Bring your supplies to class.' At this level, you don't need to worry about the complex Arabic grammar behind the word. Just remember that it is a plural word and it usually comes with another word to describe what kind of 'stuff' it is. For example, لوازمِ من (my things). It is a very useful word when you are shopping or looking for your belongings. If you lose your bag, you might say 'My things are in the bag' using this word. It's one of the first 'big' words you learn that helps you talk about the world of objects around you.
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At the A2 level, you begin to use لوازم in more specific compound nouns. You will encounter it frequently in shopping contexts. You should be able to recognize and use terms like لوازم خانگی (household appliances), لوازم آرایشی (cosmetics), and لوازم ورزشی (sports equipment). You are now expected to use the Ezafe (the 'e' sound) correctly: lavāzem-e.... You should also understand that لوازم is a collective noun. Instead of saying 'I need a pen, a notebook, and a ruler,' you can summarize it by saying 'I need لوازم‌التحریر.' This level is about categorization. You use this word to group objects together based on their purpose. You should also be able to ask where specific 'lavāzem' are located in a store, which is a key survival skill for traveling in Iran.
By B1, you should understand the nuance that لوازم implies 'necessity' (from its root L-Z-M). You can now use it in more varied sentences, such as لوازم مورد نیاز برای سفر (the necessary items for a trip). You should also start distinguishing لوازم from its synonyms like وسایل (vasāyel) and ابزار (abzār). While وسایل is more general, لوازم often feels more like 'supplies' or 'provisions'. You might use it when talking about preparing for a project or a hobby. For example, if you are into photography, you would talk about your لوازم عکاسی (photography gear). You should also be comfortable using it in the plural sense without adding unnecessary plural suffixes, and understand its role in more complex sentences involving verbs like تهیه کردن (to provide/prepare) or فراهم کردن (to make available).
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At the B2 level, you use لوازم in professional and semi-formal contexts. You might discuss لوازم یدکی (spare parts) in the context of car maintenance or industrial repairs. You understand that لوازم can also be used for 'accessories' (لوازم جانبی). Your vocabulary includes more technical compounds like لوازم آزمایشگاهی (laboratory supplies) or لوازم ایمنی (safety equipment). You can also use the word in a slightly more abstract way, such as 'the requirements for success' (لوازم موفقیت), although this is still less common than physical usage. You are expected to have a firm grasp of the 'Ezafe' construction even in fast speech and be able to explain the difference between 'Lavāzem' and 'Tajhizāt' (equipment) to a lower-level learner. You also recognize the word in news reports about trade, imports, and exports of goods.
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At the C1 level, you appreciate the linguistic roots of لوازم and its relationship to the word لازم (necessary). You can use it in highly formal writing and academic discussions. You might encounter it in legal texts referring to 'appurtenances' or 'fixtures' of a property. You understand the stylistic choice of using لوازم over وسایل to sound more authoritative or precise. You are also aware of the word ملزومات (malzumāt), which is a more formal cousin of لوازم, and you know when to switch between them. Your usage is idiomatic and fluid. You can discuss the 'logistical requirements' (لوازم لجستیکی) of a large-scale operation. You also understand the word's role in classical or older literature where it might have a broader meaning of 'consequences' or 'implications' of a philosophical argument, though this is rare in modern prose.
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At the C2 level, you have a masterly command of لوازم and all its derivatives. You can use it in complex philosophical or legal discourse where it refers to the 'inherent requirements' or 'logical consequences' of a premise (e.g., لوازم منطقی یک ادعا). You are familiar with its use in various dialects and historical registers of Persian. You can write technical manuals, commercial contracts, or academic papers using the word with perfect precision. You understand the subtle socio-economic connotations of the word in different contexts—for instance, how 'Lavāzem-e Khānegi' functions as a major economic indicator in Iranian market analysis. You can effortlessly navigate the most technical 'Lavāzem' categories, from aerospace components to specialized surgical instruments, and you can use the word to create sophisticated metaphors in creative writing.
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开始练习 例句 笔记与提示

لوازم 30秒了解

  • Lavāzem means 'supplies' or 'equipment' and is used to categorize items by their purpose (e.g., school, home, sports).
  • It is a plural noun that almost always uses the Ezafe construction to connect with a descriptive category.
  • Commonly heard in shops, it covers everything from stationery (lavāzem-e tahrir) to home appliances (lavāzem-e khānegi).
  • While similar to 'vasāyel', it specifically implies that the items are 'necessary' or 'required' for the task.

The Persian word لوازم (lavāzem) is a versatile and essential noun that every learner must master early on. Etymologically, it is the Arabic broken plural of the word لازمه (lāzeme), which translates to 'necessity' or 'requirement'. However, in contemporary Persian usage, it has evolved into a collective noun referring to the set of tools, equipment, supplies, or accessories required for a specific task, profession, or lifestyle. It is the 'stuff' you need to get things done. Whether you are talking about the pencils in your backpack or the heavy machinery in a factory, لوازم is the umbrella term that covers it all.

Core Concept
The functional items required to complete an action or maintain a state.
Scope
Ranges from small stationery to large household appliances.
Grammatical Role
Usually functions as the head of an Ezafe construction (e.g., لوازمِ تحریر).

Understanding لوازم requires looking at its practical applications. It is rarely used in isolation; instead, it is almost always paired with a qualifying noun that defines the category of items. For instance, لوازم خانگی (lavāzem-e khānegi) refers to household appliances like refrigerators and washing machines. Without the qualifier 'khānegi', the word remains broad and ambiguous. This flexibility makes it one of the most high-frequency words in commercial and domestic contexts in Iran.

"برای شروع نقاشی، ابتدا باید لوازم مورد نیاز را خریداری کنید."
— To start painting, you must first purchase the necessary equipment.

In a philosophical sense, لوازم implies that these items are not just random objects, but 'necessities'. If you are a student, your لوازم‌التحریر (stationery) are the 'necessary things' for your education. If you are a mechanic, your لوازم یدکی (spare parts) are the 'necessities' for repair. This nuance of 'necessity' distinguishes it from more general words like چیزها (chizhā - things) or وسایل (vasāyel - means/tools), although they are often used interchangeably in casual speech.

Example Categories of Lavāzem:

  • لوازم ورزشی (Sports equipment)
  • لوازم برقی (Electrical appliances)
  • لوازم بهداشتی (Toiletries/Hygiene products)
  • لوازم آشپزخانه (Kitchenware)

When you travel to Iran, you might hear someone say لوازمم را جمع کردم (I gathered my things). Here, لوازم refers to personal belongings. It suggests a sense of order and purpose—these are the items the traveler deemed 'necessary' for the journey. This word bridges the gap between the abstract concept of 'necessity' and the physical reality of 'objects'.

Synonym Note
While 'Vasāyel' is very similar, 'Lavāzem' often sounds slightly more formal or technical in commercial listings.

Using لوازم correctly involves understanding the Ezafe construction and its role in compound nouns. Because لوازم is a plural noun, it typically takes a modifier to specify what kind of equipment is being discussed. In Persian, this is done by adding a short 'e' sound (the Ezafe) to the end of lavāzem before the next word.

  • 1.

    The Commercial Compound

    Most often, you will see it as: [لوازم] + [e] + [Category]. Example: لوازمِ خانگی (Lavāzem-e khānegi). This is the standard way to name departments in stores or sections in a catalog.

  • 2.

    The Collective Subject

    When لوازم is the subject of a sentence, it usually takes a plural verb, although in colloquial speech, people might occasionally use a singular verb if they view the 'equipment' as a single unit. Example: لوازم رسیدند (The supplies arrived).

  • 3.

    The 'Mored-e Niyāz' Pattern

    A very common phrase is لوازم مورد نیاز (lavāzem-e mored-e niyāz), meaning 'required equipment'. This is used in instructions, recipes, and project plans.

In formal writing, لوازم is preferred over the more casual وسیله‌ها (vasile-hā). For example, a government document would use لوازم اداری (office supplies) rather than چیزهای دفتر. If you want to sound more professional or precise, لوازم is your go-to word. It carries a connotation of professional utility.

Usage in Sentences:

"فروشگاه لوازم یدکی در این خیابان است."

(The spare parts shop is on this street.)

"تمام لوازم سفر را در چمدان گذاشتم."

(I put all the travel gear in the suitcase.)

One subtle point: لوازم can also be used in more abstract contexts, though this is less common for A2 learners. For example, لوازمِ یک زندگیِ شاد (the requirements/essentials of a happy life). Here, it moves away from physical objects toward necessary conditions. However, for daily communication, stick to its physical meaning.

When shopping, you can ask: ببخشید، لوازمِ آرایشی کجاست؟ (Excuse me, where are the cosmetics?). Or if you are at a repair shop: لوازمِ این ماشین موجود است؟ (Are the parts for this car available?). The word is incredibly functional and will help you navigate almost any service-oriented environment in an Iranian city.

You will encounter لوازم in almost every corner of Iranian daily life, from the bustling grand bazaars to the modern digital marketplaces like Digikala. It is the language of commerce, organization, and preparation. If you walk down a commercial street in Tehran, Shiraz, or Isfahan, your eyes will be met with neon signs and banners prominently featuring this word.

At the Bazaar

Merchants use it to define their niche. 'Lavāzem-e Ghannādi' (Baking supplies) or 'Lavāzem-e Khayyāti' (Sewing supplies) are common sights.

In the Media

Television commercials frequently advertise 'Lavāzem-e Khānegi' (Home appliances), often emphasizing brands like Samsung, LG, or local brands like Pars Khazar.

At School/University

Teachers will give lists of 'Lavāzem-e Tahrir' (Stationery) that students need to buy before the start of the academic year in Mehr (September).

Online Shopping

The main categories on Persian websites are almost always labeled with 'Lavāzem', making it the primary navigation keyword.

In a domestic setting, you might hear a mother telling her child: لوازمت را از روی زمین جمع کن (Pick up your things from the floor). Here, it refers to toys, books, or school supplies. It’s a word that organizes the chaos of physical objects into a category of 'belongings'.

Common Public Signs:

  • لوازم یدکی خودرو (Auto Spare Parts)
  • لوازم صوتی و تصویری (Audio and Video Equipment)
  • لوازم جانبی موبایل (Mobile Accessories)
  • لوازم شکار و ماهیگیری (Hunting and Fishing Gear)

Furthermore, in professional environments like hospitals or construction sites, the word is used to denote specialized gear. لوازم پزشکی (Medical equipment) or لوازم ایمنی (Safety gear) are critical terms in those sectors. The word is ubiquitous because it provides a neat linguistic box for 'everything needed for X'.

Finally, during the Persian New Year (Nowruz) preparations, you'll hear about لوازم سفره هفت‌سین (The items for the Haft-Sin table). This shows how the word even enters the realm of tradition and ritual, describing the symbolic objects that make the celebration complete.

While لوازم is a common word, learners often stumble over its plural nature, its synonyms, and its specific usage in compound phrases. Avoiding these pitfalls will make your Persian sound much more natural and precise.

Mistake 1: Double Pluralization
As mentioned, لوازم is already the plural of لازمه. Many learners mistakenly say لوازم‌ها (lavāzem-hā). While you might hear this in very informal, uneducated speech, it is grammatically redundant. Stick to لوازم.
Mistake 2: Confusing with 'Abzār' (Tools)
Learners often use لوازم when they specifically mean 'tools' like hammers or screwdrivers. While لوازم is broad, ابزار (abzār) is the correct word for mechanical tools. If you go to a hardware store, ask for ابزارآلات, not just لوازم.
Mistake 3: Misusing 'Asāsiyeh' (Furniture/Essentials)
When moving house, learners often say لوازمِ خانه. While correct, Iranians specifically use اثاثیه (asāsiyeh) for furniture and large household goods. لوازم is more for appliances and smaller items.

Another common error is the omission of the Ezafe. Because لوازم is almost always followed by a modifier, you must remember the 'e' sound. Saying lavāzem tahrir sounds robotic; lavāzem-e tahrir is the correct, fluid way to say it. This 'e' acts as the glue that holds the concept together.

Incorrect vs. Correct:

  • ❌ من لوازم‌ها خریدم. (I bought 'supplises'.)
  • ✅ من لوازم خریدم. (I bought supplies.)
  • ❌ لوازم ماشین خراب است. (The car 'necessity' is broken - meaning a part.)
  • ✅ قطعاتِ ماشین خراب است. (The car parts are broken - 'ghata'āt' is better for specific parts.)

Finally, don't confuse لوازم with ملزومات (malzumāt). While they share the same root, ملزومات is much more formal and often used in legal or highly academic contexts to mean 'requirements' or 'prerequisites'. For 99% of your daily needs, لوازم is the word you want.

Persian has several words that overlap with لوازم. Knowing the subtle differences between them will elevate your vocabulary from basic to intermediate. Here is a breakdown of the most common synonyms and related terms.

وسایل (Vasāyel)

This is the most common synonym. While لوازم emphasizes 'necessity' or 'supplies', وسایل (plural of وسیله) emphasizes 'means' or 'tools'. In daily life, they are 90% interchangeable. However, you'd say وسایلِ نقلیه (means of transport), never لوازمِ نقلیه.

تجهیزات (Tajhizāt)

This word is more formal and technical. It translates to 'equipment' or 'hardware'. You hear this in military, medical, or industrial contexts. For example, تجهیزاتِ نظامی (military equipment). لوازم is for your home; تجهیزات is for a professional facility.

ابزار (Abzār)

Specifically refers to 'tools'. If you need a hammer, a saw, or a digital tool (like software), ابزار is the word. لوازم is the broad category; ابزار is the specific implement.

امکانات (Emkānāt)

This means 'facilities' or 'amenities'. While لوازم are physical objects you can carry, امکانات are the features of a place, like a swimming pool in a hotel or high-speed internet in an office.

Comparative Example:

"این بیمارستان لوازم مصرفی دارد، اما تجهیزات پیشرفته ندارد."

(This hospital has consumable supplies, but it doesn't have advanced equipment.)

Understanding these distinctions helps you navigate specific environments. If you go to a 'Lavāzem-e Varzeshi' store, you'll find balls, jerseys, and rackets. If you look for 'Tajhizāt-e Varzeshi', you're more likely to find heavy gym machinery like treadmills and weight stations. The former is for the player; the latter is for the facility.

In summary, while لوازم is a great 'catch-all' word for A2 learners, as you progress, try to use ابزار for tools, تجهیزات for professional gear, and وسایل for general items. This nuance will make your Persian sound sophisticated and precise.

How Formal Is It?

难度评级

需要掌握的语法

Ezafe Construction

Arabic Broken Plurals in Persian

Compound Nouns

Subject-Verb Agreement with Collective Nouns

Possessive Suffixes

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按水平分级的例句

1

من لوازم مدرسه دارم.

I have school supplies.

Simple S-O-V structure.

2

این لوازمِ من است.

These are my things.

Use of Ezafe with possessive pronoun.

3

لوازم کجاست؟

Where are the supplies?

Basic question word 'kojāst'.

4

او لوازم تحریر می‌خرد.

He/She buys stationery.

Present continuous/habitual 'mikharad'.

5

لوازم در کیف است.

The supplies are in the bag.

Prepositional phrase 'dar kif'.

6

من لوازم ندارم.

I don't have the supplies.

Negative verb 'nadāram'.

7

لوازمِ تو زیباست.

Your things are beautiful.

Adjective 'zibāst' describing the plural noun.

8

بیا لوازم را جمع کنیم.

Let's gather the things.

Imperative/Subjunctive 'jam' konim'.

1

فروشگاه لوازم خانگی کجاست؟

Where is the household appliances store?

Compound noun with Ezafe.

2

او لوازم آرایشی می‌فروشد.

She sells cosmetics.

Occupational description.

3

لوازم ورزشی گران است.

Sports equipment is expensive.

Subject-Adjective agreement.

4

باید لوازم سفر را آماده کنیم.

We must prepare the travel gear.

Modal verb 'bāyad' + subjunctive.

5

لوازم آشپزخانه در طبقه دوم است.

Kitchenware is on the second floor.

Locational phrase.

6

این لوازم برای تعمیر ماشین است.

These supplies are for car repair.

Purpose phrase 'barāye ta'mir'.

7

لوازمِ جانبیِ موبایل دارید؟

Do you have mobile accessories?

Double Ezafe (lavāzem-e jānebi-ye...).

8

او تمام لوازمش را فروخت.

He sold all his things.

Possessive suffix '-ash'.

1

لوازم مورد نیاز را در لیست بنویس.

Write the required items on the list.

Passive participle 'mored-e niyāz' as a modifier.

2

بدون لوازم ایمنی کار نکنید.

Do not work without safety equipment.

Negative imperative with 'bedun-e'.

3

او لوازم عکاسی حرفه‌ای دارد.

He has professional photography gear.

Adjective 'herfe'i' modifying the compound.

4

لوازم یدکی این ماشین کمیاب است.

Spare parts for this car are rare.

Specific noun 'yadeki'.

5

شرکت لوازم اداری جدید خرید.

The company bought new office supplies.

Formal subject 'sherkat'.

6

لوازم بهداشتی را در قفسه بگذار.

Put the toiletries on the shelf.

Direct object marker 'rā'.

7

او به دنبال لوازم موسیقی است.

He is looking for musical instruments/supplies.

Compound verb 'be donbāl-e ... budan'.

8

لوازم کوهنوردی ما کامل نیست.

Our mountain climbing gear is not complete.

Possessive 'mā' and negative 'nist'.

1

واردات لوازم برقی با محدودیت مواجه شد.

The import of electrical appliances faced restrictions.

Formal/News register.

2

لوازم آزمایشگاهی باید استریل باشند.

Laboratory equipment must be sterile.

Technical terminology.

3

او در بخش فروش لوازم پزشکی کار می‌کند.

He works in the medical equipment sales department.

Complex prepositional phrase.

4

لوازم جانبی این دستگاه در جعبه موجود است.

The accessories for this device are available in the box.

Adjective 'mojud' (available).

5

کیفیت لوازم خانگی ایرانی بهبود یافته است.

The quality of Iranian home appliances has improved.

Perfect tense 'behbūd yāfte ast'.

6

لوازم صوتی و تصویری را از برق بکشید.

Unplug the audio and video equipment.

Coordinated nouns 'soti va tasviri'.

7

او برای خرید لوازم شکار به مغازه رفت.

He went to the shop to buy hunting gear.

Infinitive of purpose 'barāye kharid-e'.

8

لوازم قنادی شامل قالب و همزن است.

Baking supplies include molds and mixers.

Defining a category.

1

تامین لوازم لجستیکی پروژه بر عهده اوست.

Providing the project's logistical supplies is his responsibility.

Formal phrase 'bar ohde-ye'.

2

لوازم و ملزومات اداری به طور متمرکز خریداری شد.

Office supplies and requirements were purchased centrally.

Synonym pairing for emphasis.

3

او در مقاله‌اش به لوازم منطقی این نظریه پرداخت.

In his article, he addressed the logical implications of this theory.

Abstract usage of 'lavāzem'.

4

لوازم دندانپزشکی باید از استانداردهای بالایی برخوردار باشند.

Dental equipment must possess high standards.

Formal verb 'barkhordār budan'.

5

نوسانات ارز بر قیمت لوازم یدکی تاثیر گذاشته است.

Currency fluctuations have affected the price of spare parts.

Economic context.

6

لوازم جانبیِ لوکس برای خودروهای گران‌قیمت تقاضای زیادی دارد.

Luxury accessories for expensive cars are in high demand.

Compound adjectives.

7

او تمام لوازم و ابزارآلات کارگاه را بیمه کرد.

He insured all the workshop's supplies and tools.

Comprehensive listing.

8

لوازم التحریر فانتزی در میان نوجوانان محبوب است.

Fancy/decorative stationery is popular among teenagers.

Loanword 'fāntezi'.

1

تبیین لوازم و مقتضیات عصر جدید، رسالت اصلی این کتاب است.

Explaining the requirements and exigencies of the modern era is the main mission of this book.

Highly academic register.

2

لوازمِ عقدِ قرارداد شامل احراز هویت طرفین است.

The prerequisites for signing the contract include verifying the identities of the parties.

Legal usage.

3

او به بررسی لوازمِ معرفت‌شناختیِ این دیدگاه پرداخت.

He proceeded to examine the epistemological implications of this viewpoint.

Philosophical terminology.

4

لوازم و ابزارِ تولید در این کارخانه کاملاً بومی‌سازی شده است.

The supplies and tools of production in this factory have been completely localized.

Industrial/Political context.

5

عدم تامین لوازم اولیه، تولید را با وقفه مواجه کرد.

Failure to provide raw supplies caused a hiatus in production.

Formal 'adam' construction.

6

لوازمِ ضروری برای گذار به اقتصاد دیجیتال فراهم نیست.

The necessary requirements for transitioning to a digital economy are not provided.

Macroeconomic context.

7

او با دقت لوازم و ابزارِ جراحی را ضدعفونی کرد.

He meticulously disinfected the surgical supplies and tools.

Adverbial precision.

8

لوازمِ زندگیِ زاهدانه با تجملات سازگار نیست.

The requirements of an ascetic life are not compatible with luxury.

Ethical/Religious context.

常见搭配

لوازم خانگی (Home appliances)
لوازم تحریر (Stationery)
لوازم یدکی (Spare parts)
لوازم آرایشی (Cosmetics)
لوازم ورزشی (Sports gear)
لوازم جانبی (Accessories)
لوازم مورد نیاز (Required supplies)
لوازم برقی (Electrical goods)
لوازم پزشکی (Medical equipment)
لوازم اداری (Office supplies)

常用短语

خرید لوازم (Buying supplies)
فروشگاه لوازم (Supplies store)
لوازم خود را جمع کردن (To pack one's things)
لیست لوازم (List of items)
لوازم دست دوم (Second-hand items)
لوازم اصلی (Original parts/items)
لوازم ضروری (Essential supplies)
لوازم شخصی (Personal belongings)
لوازم لوکس (Luxury items)
لوازم کارکرده (Used equipment)

容易混淆的词

لوازم vs ابزار (Abzār - specifically tools like hammers)

لوازم vs اثاثیه (Asāsiyeh - specifically furniture)

لوازم vs قطعات (Ghata'āt - specifically mechanical parts)

习语与表达

"لوازمش جور است (He has everything he needs / He is well-equipped)"
"با تمام لوازم (With all the bells and whistles)"
"لوازمِ سفر بستن (To prepare for a journey/life change)"
"از لوازمِ کار است (It's part of the job/necessary)"
"لوازمِ عیش (Items for pleasure/partying)"
"لوازمِ خانه بر دوش (Someone who moves often)"
"لوازمِ کار فراهم کردن (To set the stage for something)"
"لوازمِ معیشت (The means of living)"
"لوازمِ دیوانگی (The signs/requirements of madness)"
"لوازمِ قدرت (The trappings of power)"

容易混淆

لوازم vs

لوازم vs

لوازم vs

لوازم vs

لوازم vs

句型

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如何使用

domestic

Refers to belongings and household items.

technical

Refers to specific components or gear.

commercial

Used as a primary category label in retail.

常见错误
  • Saying 'Lavāzem-hā' (Redundant plural).
  • Using it for 'tools' when 'Abzār' is more specific.
  • Forgetting the Ezafe link to the category.
  • Using it for large furniture (use 'Asāsiyeh' instead).
  • Pronouncing the 'v' as a 'w'.

小贴士

Learn in Pairs

Always learn 'Lavāzem' with a category word like 'Tahrir' or 'Khānegi' to make it stick.

The Ezafe Rule

Don't forget the 'e' sound! It's 'Lavāzem-e...', not just 'Lavāzem'.

Bazaar Signs

Look for signs starting with 'لوازم' when you are walking in an Iranian city to practice reading.

Use for Belongings

When you want to say 'my stuff', 'lavāzem-e man' is a safe and natural choice.

Commercials

Watch Iranian TV ads for home appliances; you will hear 'Lavāzem-e Khānegi' constantly.

Formal Contexts

In reports, use 'لوازم' instead of 'چیزها' to sound more professional.

Root Connection

Remember that 'Lāzem' means necessary. 'Lavāzem' are just 'necessary things'.

Spare Parts

If your car breaks down, 'Lavāzem-e Yadeki' is the most important phrase to know.

Department Names

Most departments in Iranian stores are named 'Lavāzem-e...'. Use this to navigate.

Arabic Plural

Knowing it's a broken plural helps you understand why it doesn't look like 'Lāzem'.

记住它

词源

Arabic

文化背景

Small 'lavāzem' like fancy stationery are common gifts for students.

Bazaars are often organized by 'lavāzem' type (e.g., the shoe section, the copperware section).

When asking for 'lavāzem', it's polite to use 'Bebakhshid' (Excuse me) first.

在生活中练习

真实语境

对话开场白

"لوازم تحریر از کجا بخرم؟ (Where should I buy stationery?)"

"بهترین برند لوازم خانگی چیست؟ (What is the best brand of home appliances?)"

"آیا لوازم یدکی این ماشین را دارید؟ (Do you have the spare parts for this car?)"

"برای کوهنوردی چه لوازمی لازم است؟ (What gear is needed for mountain climbing?)"

"لوازم آرایشی اصل کجاست؟ (Where are original cosmetics found?)"

日记主题

List the 'Lavāzem' you use every day for your work.

Describe the 'Lavāzem' you would take on a trip to the desert.

Write about a time you forgot important 'Lavāzem' for an event.

What 'Lavāzem' do you think are essential for a happy home?

Compare the 'Lavāzem' of a student today versus 50 years ago.

常见问题

10 个问题

It is grammatically plural (the plural of 'lazima'), but it is used as a collective noun in Persian, similar to 'supplies' or 'equipment'.

It is better to avoid it. 'Lavāzem' is already plural. Adding '-hā' is redundant and considered incorrect in standard Persian.

They are very similar. 'Lavāzem' implies necessity (supplies), while 'Vasāyel' implies means or tools. They are often interchangeable.

The correct term is 'Lavāzem-e Tahrir' (لوازم تحریر).

It means 'spare parts', usually for cars or machinery.

Usually no. For furniture, 'Asāsiyeh' (اثاثیه) or 'Moblemān' (مبلمان) is preferred.

Yes, in formal or philosophical Persian, it can mean 'requirements' or 'implications' of an idea.

It means 'accessories', such as those for a phone, computer, or car.

You can say: 'Gheymat-e in lavāzem chand ast?'

No, it is a labiodental 'v', like in the English word 'very'.

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