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B1 noun 10分钟阅读

شورای

shoraye
开始练习 例句 笔记与提示 شورای 30秒了解
解析 شورای in your Level:
At the A1 level, you only need to know that 'Shora' (شورا) means a group of people who talk and make decisions together. Think of it like a 'team' or a 'big meeting' at school or in a building. You might see it on a sign or hear it on the news. Remember that when it's part of a name, it often adds a 'ye' sound at the end: 'Shora-ye...'. For example, 'Shora-ye Madreseh' is the 'School Council'. At this stage, focus on recognizing the word and knowing it's about a group, not just one person. It is a noun. You can say 'This is a council' (این یک شورا است). You don't need to worry about complex politics yet, just the basic idea of a group of leaders.
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At the A2 level, you can start using 'Shora' in simple sentences about your community. You might talk about the 'Shora-ye Shahr' (City Council) or 'Shora-ye Sakhteman' (Building Council). You should understand that this word is formal. You use it when talking about rules or big decisions. You will notice that 'Shora' is an Arabic loanword, which is very common in Persian for official things. You can practice saying who is in a council: 'My father is a member of the council' (پدر من عضو شورا است). You should also be able to recognize it in news headlines, even if you don't understand the whole sentence. It often appears with words like 'meeting' (jalaseh) or 'member' (ozv).
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At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'Shora' (and its Ezafe form 'Shoraye') in various contexts. You understand that it implies a consultative process. You can distinguish between different types of councils, like 'Shora-ye Amniyat' (Security Council) or 'Shora-ye Danesh-amuzi' (Student Council). You should be able to describe what a council does using verbs like 'decide' (tasmim gereftan) or 'approve' (tasvib kardan). You also start to see the word in more abstract ways, like 'Shora-ye Davari' (Jury/Judging Council). Your grammar should be correct: always using the 'ye' suffix when another noun follows it. You are now moving beyond just recognizing the word to using it to describe social and minor political structures.
At the B2 level, you have a nuanced understanding of 'Shora'. You can use it to discuss political systems and institutional hierarchies. You know the specific names of important councils in Iran or Afghanistan, such as the 'Shora-ye Negahban' (Guardian Council) or 'Shora-ye Ali-ye Amniyat-e Melli' (Supreme National Security Council). You can participate in a debate about whether a 'Shora' made the right decision. You understand the difference between 'Shora' and other terms like 'Hey'at' (Board) or 'Anjoman' (Association). You can read newspaper articles about council elections and understand the implications. You also recognize the word in historical contexts, such as the 'Shora-ye Enghelab'. Your vocabulary includes related words like 'mashverat' (consultation) and 'shora-yi' (council-based/adjective).
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At the C1 level, you understand the deep political and philosophical roots of the word 'Shora'. You can discuss the concept of 'Shura' in Islamic political thought and how it compares to Western notions of democracy. You are capable of reading legal documents where the jurisdiction of various 'Shoras' is defined. You can use the word in sophisticated academic writing or professional reports. You understand the subtle connotations of the word in different registers—how it can represent collective wisdom in one context and bureaucratic stagnation in another. You are familiar with compound phrases and idioms involving 'Shora'. You can follow complex legal and political debates on TV where the 'Shora' is a central actor, understanding the technical jargon used by experts.
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At the C2 level, you possess a native-like command of the word 'Shora' and its multifaceted applications. You can analyze the linguistic evolution of the term from classical Arabic to modern Persian. You understand the intricate legal frameworks that govern different councils and can write critiques or scholarly articles on their functions. You can use the word with absolute precision in high-level diplomacy, law, or philosophy. You are aware of the most obscure 'Shoras' in various sectors (e.g., specialized medical or engineering boards) and understand their specific terminologies. You can interpret the socio-political weight of the word in different Persian-speaking regions (Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan) and how their respective 'Shoras' differ in structure and cultural perception. Your use of the word is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker.
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开始练习 例句 笔记与提示

شورای 30秒了解

  • Shora (شورای) means council or board.
  • It is used for formal groups like city councils or school boards.
  • It requires an 'e' sound (Ezafe) when followed by a noun: Shorā-ye.
  • It is a key word in Persian politics, news, and administration.

The Persian word شورا (Shorā), frequently encountered in its construct form شورای (Shorā-ye) due to the Ezafe grammatical link, is a cornerstone of Persian administrative, social, and political vocabulary. It translates primarily as council, board, or assembly. Derived from the Arabic root relating to consultation, it signifies a body of people who gather to deliberate, advise, or govern. In the modern Iranian context, this word is ubiquitous, appearing in everything from high-level state organs to local neighborhood committees.

Administrative Context
It refers to elected or appointed bodies like the 'City Council' (شورای شهر), which manages municipal affairs, or the 'Security Council' (شورای امنیت) in international relations.

Understanding the word requires recognizing the cultural weight of consultation in Middle Eastern societies. The concept of Shura is not just a modern bureaucratic term but a historical and religious principle emphasizing that leaders should not act in isolation. When you see the word شورای, expect a formal setting where collective decision-making is the stated goal.

تصمیم نهایی توسط شورای مدرسه گرفته شد.
(The final decision was made by the school council.)

In daily life, a student might be part of the 'Shora-ye Danesh-amuzi' (Student Council), while a professional might answer to a 'Shora-ye Modiran' (Board of Directors). The word implies a level of formality and structured interaction. It is rarely used for informal groups of friends; for that, you would use words like 'doreh' or 'neshest'.

Legal Weight
In Iranian law, many 'Shoras' have the power to veto legislation or disqualify candidates, most notably the 'Guardian Council' (شورای نگهبان).

شورای امنیت سازمان ملل متحد جلسه اضطراری تشکیل داد.
(The UN Security Council held an emergency meeting.)

Furthermore, the term is used in academic and medical circles. A 'Shora-ye Pezeshki' is a medical board that evaluates a patient's condition or a doctor's conduct. Thus, the word spans from the neighborhood level to the most specialized professional echelons. It is a word of authority, consensus, and institutional structure.

اعضای شورای شهر برای چهار سال انتخاب می‌شوند.
(Members of the city council are elected for four years.)

Synonym Distinction
While 'Majles' (Parliament) is a larger legislative body, 'Shora' is often a smaller, more focused group or a supervisory board.

او به عنوان رئیس شورای حکام انتخاب شد.
(He was elected as the chairman of the Board of Governors.)

In summary, 'Shorā' is the vessel through which collective wisdom is supposed to flow in Persian-speaking societies. Whether it is a 'Shora-ye Deh' (Village Council) deciding on water rights or a 'Shora-ye Ali' (Supreme Council) deciding on national security, the word remains the primary descriptor for organized deliberative bodies.

Using شورای correctly in Persian involves mastering the Ezafe construction. Since the base noun is 'Shora' (شورا), which ends in the long vowel 'ā', you must add a 'ye' (ی) to connect it to the following noun. This creates the 'ye' sound (Shorā-ye) that signifies possession or association.

Basic Structure
[Shora] + [ye] + [Specific Group/Function]. Example: شورایِ آموزش (Council of Education).

When you want to say 'The Council', without specifying which one, you use 'Shora' (شورا). However, in 90% of written and spoken Persian, it is followed by a modifier. For instance, 'Shora-ye Negahban' (شورای نگهبان) is a fixed title. You cannot omit the 'ye' in writing without changing the grammatical meaning.

ما منتظر رای شورای حل اختلاف هستیم.
(We are waiting for the vote of the Dispute Resolution Council.)

In plural forms, you would say 'Shora-ha' (شوراها). For example, 'Shora-ha-ye Shahr' means 'City Councils'. Notice how the 'ye' shifts to the end of the pluralized noun. This is a common point of confusion for learners who might try to put the 'ye' before the plural suffix.

Common Verbs Used with Shora
Tashkil dādan (to form), Tasvib kardan (to approve), Monhal kardan (to dissolve), and Jalaseh dāshtan (to have a meeting).

شورای وزیران لایحه جدید را تصویب کرد.
(The Council of Ministers approved the new bill.)

In spoken Persian, the 'ye' sound is often shortened or blended, but in formal writing, the character 'ی' must be clearly visible. If you are writing a letter to a school board or a government agency, using 'شورای محترم' (The Honorable Council) is a standard respectful opening.

آیا شما در شورای مرکزی عضو هستید؟
(Are you a member of the central council?)

Another nuance is the use of 'Shora' as an adjective in some compound words, though this is rare. Usually, it functions as the head noun in an Ezafe chain. For example, 'Maslahat-e Nezam' (Expediency) is the modifier for 'Shora-ye Tashkhis-e Maslahat-e Nezam' (Expediency Discernment Council). This shows how long and complex these titles can become.

این موضوع در صلاحیت شورای حکام نیست.
(This matter is not within the jurisdiction of the Board of Governors.)

Formal vs. Informal
Formal: 'Shorā-ye melli' (National Council). Informal: 'Shorā-ye mā' (Our council/committee).

By mastering these patterns, you will be able to describe any organized group of decision-makers. The word is stable across all Persian dialects, including Dari and Tajik (where it may be written 'Шӯро'), making it a high-value vocabulary item for any student of the language.

If you turn on a Persian news broadcast (like BBC Persian, VOA Farsi, or IRIB), you will likely hear the word شورای within the first five minutes. It is the lifeblood of political reporting. The 'Security Council' (شورای امنیت) and the 'European Council' (شورای اروپا) are mentioned daily in international news. In Iran, the 'Guardian Council' (شورای نگهبان) is a frequent subject of domestic news, as it oversees elections and legislation.

The Newsroom
News anchors use it to describe legislative hurdles, international resolutions, and local governance updates.

Beyond the news, you will encounter this word in any institutional setting. If you are a student in Iran or Afghanistan, you will hear about the 'Shora-ye Danesh-amuzi' (Student Council) or the 'Shora-ye Enzebati' (Disciplinary Committee). In a workplace, the 'Shora-ye Karegari' (Labor Council) represents workers' rights. It is a word that signifies procedure and officialdom.

سخنگوی شورای نگهبان نتایج بررسی‌ها را اعلام کرد.
(The spokesperson for the Guardian Council announced the results of the reviews.)

In residential areas, particularly in apartment complexes, there is often a 'Shora-ye Sakhteman' (Building Council). This group of neighbors meets to discuss maintenance, cleaning fees (sharzh), and shared rules. If you live in an apartment in Tehran, you will definitely see notices signed by the 'Shora'.

Historical Context
In the history of the 1979 Revolution, 'Shora-ye Enghelab' (Revolutionary Council) was the interim governing body.

شورای همکاری خلیج فارس درباره قیمت نفت گفتگو کرد.
(The Gulf Cooperation Council discussed oil prices.)

You also hear it in cinematic and literary critiques. A 'Shora-ye Bazbini' (Review Board) might decide whether a film is suitable for public release. In this sense, the word can sometimes carry a connotation of censorship or strict oversight, depending on the speaker's perspective. However, at its core, it remains a neutral term for an organized group of decision-makers.

او به عنوان نماینده معلمان در شورای آموزش و پرورش حضور دارد.
(He serves as the teachers' representative in the Council of Education.)

Whether you are navigating the legal system, reading a history book, or just trying to get your apartment elevator fixed, 'Shora' is the word that describes the collective authority you will inevitably encounter.

The most frequent mistake English speakers make with شورای is grammatical rather than semantic. Because the word ends in an 'alef' (ا), many learners forget to add the 'ye' (ی) when using it in an Ezafe construction. They might write 'Shorā Shahr' instead of the correct شورای شهر (Shorā-ye Shahr). In Persian, nouns ending in 'ā' or 'u' require this 'ye' bridge to connect to the next word.

Grammatical Error
Incorrect: شورا امنیت (Shora Amniyat). Correct: شورای امنیت (Shora-ye Amniyat).

Another common confusion is between 'Shora' (Council) and 'Mashverat' (Consultation). While they share the same root, 'Mashverat' is the act of consulting, whereas 'Shora' is the body that performs it. You 'do' mashverat (مشورت کردن), but you 'are a member' of a shora (عضو شورا بودن).

اشتباه: من با شورای او تصمیم گرفتم.
(Mistake: I decided with his council - implying advice.)
درست: من با او مشورت کردم.
(Correct: I consulted with him.)

Learners also often confuse 'Shora' with 'Anjoman' (Association/Society). While they can sometimes be interchangeable, an 'Anjoman' is usually a voluntary group of people with a shared interest (like a 'Poetry Association'), whereas a 'Shora' usually has administrative or decision-making power granted by an institution.

Pronunciation Pitfall
Ensure you pronounce the 'sh' clearly and the 'o' as a short vowel. Some learners elongate the 'o', making it sound like 'Shoora', which is acceptable but can sound overly Arabic in some contexts.

In writing, ensure you don't confuse the final 'ye' of 'Shoraye' with the 'ye' used for 'a/an' (Indefinite 'ye'). In 'Shorā-ye Shahr', the 'ye' is a connector. In 'Shorā-yi' (شورایی), the 'ye' might mean 'a council' or 'council-like' (adjective). Context is key here.

ما به یک شورای جدید نیاز داریم.
(We need a new council - here 'شورای' includes the indefinite 'i' sound.)

Finally, remember that 'Shora' is a formal word. Using it for a casual group of friends deciding where to eat dinner would sound sarcastic or overly dramatic. For casual groups, use 'gorooh' (group) or 'jam' (gathering).

Persian has several words for groups of people who meet for a purpose. Choosing the right one depends on the level of authority and the specific function of the group. شورا is the most administrative and consultative of these terms.

Shora vs. Majles
'Majles' (مجلس) usually refers to a large legislative assembly like a Parliament. 'Shora' is often smaller and can be executive or advisory. A 'Majles' makes laws; a 'Shora' often oversees their implementation or provides expert advice.

Another close relative is Hey'at (هیئت). This word is often translated as 'board' or 'delegation'. It is used in 'Hey'at-e Modireh' (Board of Directors). While 'Shora' implies a consultative assembly, 'Hey'at' often implies a group of experts or officials sent for a specific task or representing a specific entity.

شورای شهر در مقابل مجلس شورای اسلامی قرار دارد.
(The City Council stands in contrast to the Islamic Consultative Assembly/Parliament.)

Anjoman (انجمن) is best translated as 'association', 'society', or 'club'. It is less formal than 'Shora'. For example, 'Anjoman-e Khayerin' (Charity Association). An 'Anjoman' is usually based on shared interests or philanthropy, while a 'Shora' is based on governance or institutional mandate.

Komisiyun (کمیسیون)
This is a direct loanword from 'Commission'. It is typically a sub-group within a 'Shora' or 'Majles' tasked with investigating a specific issue (e.g., 'Komisiyun-e Budje' - Budget Commission).

اعضای شورای امنیت با پیشنهاد کمیسیون موافقت کردند.
(The Security Council members agreed with the commission's proposal.)

Finally, we have Kargroh (کارگروه), meaning 'working group' or 'task force'. This is a more modern, technical term used for temporary groups focused on solving a specific problem. It lacks the long-term institutional weight of a 'Shora'.

Summary of Alternatives
- Shora: Formal Council/Board.
- Majles: Parliament/Large Assembly.
- Hey'at: Executive Board/Delegation.
- Anjoman: Voluntary Association.
- Komisiyun: Specialized Commission.

By choosing the correct term, you demonstrate a deep understanding of Persian social hierarchy and institutional structures. 'Shora' remains the most versatile and important of these for anyone dealing with official Persian documents or news.

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The concept of 'Shura' is so important that an entire chapter (Surah) of the Quran is named 'Ash-Shura'. In modern Persian, it has been fully secularized to mean any administrative council.

发音指南

UK /ʃuːˈrɑː.jeɪ/
US /ʃuˈrɑ.jeɪ/
The stress is on the second syllable 'ra'.
押韵词
نورا (Nora) کبرا (Kobra) صحرا (Sahra) مجرا (Majra) فردا (Farda) گویا (Goya) رویا (Roya) دنیا (Donya)
常见错误
  • Pronouncing the 'o' like 'oh' instead of a short 'u' sound.
  • Forgetting the 'ye' sound at the end when followed by another noun.
  • Confusing it with 'shora' (salty) which has a different 's' (ص).
  • Making the final 'a' too short like 'cat'.
  • Merging the 'r' and 'ye' into a single sound.

难度评级

阅读 3/5

Easy to recognize but requires understanding the Ezafe 'ye'.

写作 4/5

Must remember the 'ye' suffix and avoid confusing it with similar-looking words.

口语 3/5

Pronunciation is straightforward once the 'u' and 'a' sounds are mastered.

听力 3/5

Common in news; easy to pick out in formal speech.

接下来学什么

前置知识

شهر امنیت مدرسه عضو جلسه

接下来学习

تصویب لایحه صلاحیت نظارت انتخابات

高级

مشروطیت تکنوکراسی دموکراسی ائتلاف وتو

需要掌握的语法

Ezafe with words ending in 'Alef'

شورا + ی + شهر = شورای شهر (Shorā-ye Shahr)

Pluralization with '-ha'

شورا + ها = شوراها (Shorā-hā)

Indefinite '-i'

شورایی (A council)

Compound Noun formation

رئیسِ شورا (The head of the council)

Passive voice with 'shodan'

شورا تشکیل شد (The council was formed)

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按水平分级的例句

1

این شورای مدرسه است.

This is the school council.

Simple 'this is' structure with Ezafe.

2

شورای شهر کجاست؟

Where is the city council?

Question word 'kojas' with a compound noun.

3

او در شورا است.

He is in the council.

Use of 'dar' (in) with the noun.

4

شورای ما کوچک است.

Our council is small.

Possessive 'ma' (our) after the noun.

5

رئیس شورا کیست؟

Who is the head of the council?

Question word 'kist' (who is).

6

آن‌ها یک شورا دارند.

They have a council.

Simple 'have' (dashtan) construction.

7

اسم این شورا چیست؟

What is the name of this council?

Question word 'chist' (what is).

8

من شورا را دوست دارم.

I like the council.

Direct object marker 'ra'.

1

شورای ساختمان امروز جلسه دارد.

The building council has a meeting today.

Subject-Object-Verb with 'jalaseh' (meeting).

2

او عضو شورای شهر است.

He is a member of the city council.

Compound noun 'ozv-e shora' (member of council).

3

شورای جدید فردا تشکیل می‌شود.

The new council will be formed tomorrow.

Future/Present continuous sense with 'tashkil shodan'.

4

ما باید به شورا برویم.

We must go to the council.

Modal verb 'bayad' (must).

5

شورای روستا آب را تقسیم کرد.

The village council distributed the water.

Past tense 'taqsim kard'.

6

آیا شورای شما اتاق دارد؟

Does your council have a room?

Question with 'aya'.

7

شورای دانش‌آموزی فعال است.

The student council is active.

Adjective 'fa'al' (active).

8

او به شورای مرکزی نامه نوشت.

He wrote a letter to the central council.

Prepositional phrase 'be shora-ye markazi'.

1

شورای امنیت سازمان ملل قطعنامه را صادر کرد.

The UN Security Council issued the resolution.

Complex official title with Ezafe.

2

تصمیمات شورای شهر بر زندگی ما اثر دارد.

The city council's decisions affect our lives.

Plural 'tasmim-at' (decisions).

3

او به عنوان رئیس شورای نظارت انتخاب شد.

He was elected as the head of the supervisory board.

Passive voice 'entekhab shod'.

4

شورای حل اختلاف مشکل آن‌ها را حل کرد.

The Dispute Resolution Council solved their problem.

Functional title of a specific council.

5

اعضای شورا درباره بودجه بحث کردند.

The council members discussed the budget.

Preposition 'darbareh' (about).

6

شورای نگهبان صلاحیت نامزدها را بررسی می‌کند.

The Guardian Council reviews the candidates' qualifications.

Present continuous tense 'barresi mikonad'.

7

این پیشنهاد در شورای عالی مطرح شد.

This proposal was raised in the Supreme Council.

Passive construction 'matrah shod'.

8

شورای صنفی از حقوق دانشجویان دفاع می‌کند.

The Guild Council defends students' rights.

Verb 'defa kardan' (to defend).

1

شورای عالی امنیت م ملی مسئول سیاست‌های دفاعی است.

The Supreme National Security Council is responsible for defense policies.

Long compound title with multiple Ezafes.

2

مصوبات شورای شهر باید به تایید فرمانداری برسد.

The city council's enactments must be approved by the governorate.

Formal term 'mosavvabat' (enactments).

3

شورای حکام آژانس انرژی اتمی بیانیه‌ای صادر کرد.

The IAEA Board of Governors issued a statement.

Diplomatic context.

4

او در شورای مرکزی حزب نفوذ زیادی دارد.

He has a lot of influence in the party's central council.

Noun 'nofuz' (influence).

5

شورای بازبینی فیلم اجازه اکران نداد.

The film review board did not grant permission for screening.

Compound noun for censorship context.

6

عملکرد شورای قبلی مورد انتقاد قرار گرفت.

The performance of the previous council was criticized.

Noun 'amalkard' (performance).

7

شورای عالی انقلاب فرهنگی بر دانشگاه‌ها نظارت دارد.

The Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution oversees universities.

Specific Iranian institutional name.

8

او به دلیل تخلف از شورا اخراج شد.

He was expelled from the council due to a violation.

Reasoning with 'be dalil-e'.

1

شورای مصلحت نظام به عنوان داور نهایی عمل می‌کند.

The Expediency Discernment Council acts as the final arbiter.

Complex political terminology.

2

شورای همکاری خلیج فارس به دنبال همگرایی اقتصادی است.

The GCC is seeking economic integration.

Abstract noun 'hamgarayi' (integration).

3

ساختار شورای امنیت نیازمند اصلاحات اساسی است.

The structure of the Security Council needs fundamental reforms.

Noun 'sakhtar' (structure).

4

شورای عالی بورس بر بازار سرمایه نظارت دقیق دارد.

The High Council of Securities and Exchange closely monitors the capital market.

Economic/Financial register.

5

در این کتاب، مبانی نظری شورا در اسلام بررسی شده است.

In this book, the theoretical foundations of Shura in Islam are examined.

Academic passive 'barresi shodeh ast'.

6

شورای راهبردی روابط خارجی مشاوره‌های تخصصی ارائه می‌دهد.

The Strategic Council on Foreign Relations provides specialized consultations.

Adjective 'rahbordi' (strategic).

7

تعارض منافع در شورای شهر منجر به استعفای شهردار شد.

Conflict of interest in the city council led to the mayor's resignation.

Formal phrase 'ta'aroz-e manāfe' (conflict of interest).

8

شورای هماهنگی تبلیغات اسلامی مراسم را سازماندهی کرد.

The Islamic Propagation Coordination Council organized the ceremony.

Long institutional name.

1

جایگاه حقوقی شورا در قانون اساسی تبیین شده است.

The legal standing of the council is elucidated in the constitution.

High-level legal verb 'tabyin shodan'.

2

شورای عالی صلح در افغانستان با چالش‌های عدیده‌ای روبروست.

The High Peace Council in Afghanistan faces numerous challenges.

Adjective 'adideh' (numerous).

3

نظام شورایی به عنوان جایگزینی برای تمرکزگرایی مطرح است.

The council-based system is proposed as an alternative to centralization.

Abstract political theory.

4

شورای نگهبان بر تطبیق مصوبات با موازین شرعی نظارت دارد.

The Guardian Council oversees the conformity of enactments with Sharia standards.

Technical legal/religious terminology.

5

استقلال رای اعضای شورا تضمین‌کننده عدالت اجتماعی است.

The independence of the council members' votes guarantees social justice.

Complex subject with gerund-like adjective.

6

شورای عالی انفورماتیک وظیفه ساماندهی فضای مجازی را دارد.

The High Council of Informatics is responsible for organizing cyberspace.

Modern technical administration.

7

تحول در ساختار شورای امنیت مستلزم اجماع جهانی است.

Transformation in the Security Council structure requires global consensus.

Verb 'mostalzem budan' (to require/entail).

8

شورای عالی میراث فرهنگی بر حفظ آثار تاریخی تاکید کرد.

The High Council of Cultural Heritage emphasized the preservation of historical works.

Formal emphasis 'ta'kid kardan'.

常见搭配

شورای شهر
شورای امنیت
شورای نگهبان
شورای عالی
شورای دانش‌آموزی
رئیس شورا
عضو شورا
جلسه شورا
مصوبه شورا
شورای حکام

常用短语

شورای حل اختلاف

— A local legal body that settles minor disputes without a full trial.

پرونده به شورای حل اختلاف رفت.

شورای صنفی

— A guild or trade council that represents the interests of a specific professional group.

شورای صنفی معلمان بیانیه داد.

شورای عالی امنیت ملی

— The highest body in Iran responsible for national security and defense.

شورای عالی امنیت ملی تشکیل جلسه داد.

شورای مصلحت نظام

— A body that mediates between the Parliament and the Guardian Council.

شورای مصلحت نظام تصمیم گرفت.

شورای وزیران

— The cabinet or the collective body of government ministers.

شورای وزیران لایحه را تصویب کرد.

شورای همکاری

— A cooperation council, often used for international regional blocks.

شورای همکاری خلیج فارس.

شورای مرکزی

— The central board or council of a political party or large organization.

او در شورای مرکزی حزب است.

شورای روستا

— The local administrative body for a village.

شورای روستا با طرح موافقت کرد.

شورای دانشکده

— The faculty council in a university.

شورای دانشکده فردا جلسه دارد.

شورای بازبینی

— A review board, often for media or professional standards.

شورای بازبینی فیلم را تایید کرد.

容易混淆的词

شورای vs مشورت

Mashverat is the 'act' of consulting, Shora is the 'body' that consults.

شورای vs شعار

Sho'ar means 'slogan'. It sounds similar but is spelled with 'Ain' (ع).

شورای vs شورا (salty)

Spelled with 'Sad' (صورا) in some contexts or 'shoor' (شور), meaning salty. Watch the spelling!

习语与表达

"شورای خودمانی"

— An informal meeting where people talk frankly, like a council of friends.

یک شورای خودمانی گرفتیم تا مشکل را حل کنیم.

Informal
"در شورا بودن"

— To be under deliberation or being discussed by a board (metaphorical).

این طرح هنوز در شورا است.

Neutral
"رای شورا"

— The final collective word or verdict (often used for authority).

رای شورا قطعی است.

Formal
"شورای عالی مصلحت"

— Used ironically to mean a group of people acting in their own interest.

باز هم شورای عالی مصلحت خودشان نشستند!

Sarcastic
"شورا کردن"

— To consult or deliberate together (archaic/formal).

بزرگان قوم شورا کردند.

Literary
"صلاح شورا"

— The best interest as decided by the group.

هر چه صلاح شورا باشد انجام می‌دهیم.

Formal
"خارج از شورا"

— Decided without consulting the proper board.

این تصمیم خارج از شورا گرفته شد.

Formal
"شورای سایه"

— A shadow council or unofficial group influencing decisions.

شورای سایه در حال فعالیت است.

Political
"حرف شورا"

— The final decision or 'the word' of the group.

حرف شورا برای ما حجت است.

Formal
"شورای عالی خانواده"

— A humorous way to refer to parents or elders making family decisions.

باید از شورای عالی خانواده اجازه بگیرم!

Humorous

容易混淆

شورای vs انجمن

Both are groups of people.

Anjoman is usually a voluntary association; Shora is an official council.

انجمن خیریه (Charity Society) vs شورای شهر (City Council).

شورای vs مجلس

Both are legislative.

Majles is a large parliament; Shora is usually a smaller board or council.

مجلس ایران (Iran's Parliament) vs شورای نگهبان (Guardian Council).

شورای vs هیئت

Both mean 'board'.

Hey'at is often used for corporate boards or delegations; Shora is for public/consultative bodies.

هیئت مدیره (Board of Directors) vs شورای شهر (City Council).

شورای vs کمیته

Both are small groups.

Komite is usually temporary or task-specific; Shora is permanent and institutional.

کمیته امداد (Relief Committee) vs شورای عالی (Supreme Council).

شورای vs گروه

Both mean 'group'.

Gorooh is informal; Shora is formal and has legal/administrative power.

گروه دوستان (Group of friends) vs شورای مدرسه (School council).

句型

A1

این [Noun] است.

این شورا است.

A2

او عضو [Shora-ye Noun] است.

او عضو شورای شهر است.

B1

[Shora-ye Noun] تصمیم گرفت که [Verb].

شورای مدرسه تصمیم گرفت که اردو برود.

B2

[Shora-ye Noun] لایحه را [Verb].

شورای وزیران لایحه را تصویب کرد.

C1

ساختار [Shora-ye Noun] بر اساس [Noun] است.

ساختار شورای امنیت بر اساس حق وتو است.

C2

تبیین جایگاه [Shora-ye Noun] مستلزم [Noun] است.

تبیین جایگاه شورای عالی مستلزم بررسی قانون است.

B1

آیا شما در [Shora-ye Noun] هستید؟

آیا شما در شورای مرکزی هستید؟

A2

[Shora-ye Noun] جلسه دارد.

شورای ساختمان جلسه دارد.

词族

名词

شورا (Council)
شورایی (Council-based/Member)
مشورت (Consultation)
مشاور (Advisor)

动词

مشورت کردن (To consult)
شورا کردن (To deliberate - formal/archaic)

形容词

شورایی (Council-related)
مشورتی (Advisory)

相关

مجلس (Parliament)
انجمن (Association)
هیئت (Board)
کمیسیون (Commission)
حکومت (Government)
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如何使用

frequency

Extremely high in news, administration, and community management.

常见错误
  • Writing 'شورا شهر' instead of 'شورای شهر'. → شورای شهر

    Nouns ending in 'Alef' must have a 'Ye' for the Ezafe link.

  • Using 'Shora' to mean 'advice'. → مشورت / نصیحت

    Shora is the group; Mashverat is the advice or consultation.

  • Pronouncing it as 'Sho-ra' (long O). → Sho-rā (short O, long A)

    The first vowel is short, the second is long.

  • Confusing 'Shora' with 'Sho'ar' (slogan). → شورا vs شعار

    They look similar but have different meanings and roots.

  • Using 'Shora' for a small group of friends. → گروه / جمع

    Shora is strictly for formal/administrative bodies.

小贴士

The Ezafe 'Ye'

Always add 'ی' to 'شورا' when it's followed by another noun. It's the most common mistake for beginners.

Root Recognition

Recognize the root Sh-W-R to help you understand words like 'Mashverat' (consultation) and 'Moshaver' (advisor).

The Concept of Shura

Understand that 'Shora' is a deeply respected concept in Islamic governance, signifying collective wisdom.

Official Titles

Learn the full names of major councils (like Guardian Council) as they are frequently mentioned in the news.

Short 'u'

Keep the 'o' in 'Shora' short. Don't let it turn into a long 'oo' like in 'moon'.

Formal Openings

In formal letters, use 'ریاست محترم شورای...' to address the head of a council.

News Keywords

When you hear 'Shora', listen for the next word to identify the topic (e.g., 'Amniyat' for global news, 'Shahr' for local news).

Membership

Use the phrase 'عضویت در شورا' (membership in the council) to sound more advanced.

Building Councils

If you live in an apartment in Iran, look for the 'Shora' notices in the lobby to stay informed about building rules.

Revolutionary Context

Be aware that 'Shora' was a key term during the 1979 Revolution for local worker committees.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of a 'Shore' where people gather to talk. 'Shora' is the council that meets on that shore to decide the rules of the sea.

视觉联想

Imagine a round table with several people sitting around it, with a sign in the middle that says 'SHORA'.

Word Web

Council Board Meeting Consultation Decision Members Vote Authority

挑战

Try to find the name of one 'Shora' in Iran or Afghanistan and write a sentence about what it does.

词源

Derived from the Arabic word 'Shura' (شورى), which comes from the root Sh-W-R (ش-و-ر). This root originally related to 'extracting honey from a hive,' which metaphorically evolved into 'extracting opinions' or 'consulting' to find the best course of action.

原始含义： Consultation, deliberation, or a group formed for the purpose of mutual advice.

Semitic (Arabic) into Indo-European (Persian).

文化背景

The word is politically neutral but can be sensitive when referring to specific powerful bodies like the Guardian Council, which has a controversial role in vetting candidates.

In English-speaking countries, we use 'Council' for cities and 'Board' for companies. Persian uses 'Shora' for both, though 'Hey'at' is also common for companies.

شورای امنیت (UN Security Council) شورای نگهبان (Guardian Council of Iran) شورای عالی انقلاب فرهنگی

在生活中练习

真实语境

Politics

  • شورای امنیت
  • شورای شهر
  • شورای نگهبان
  • رای شورا

Education

  • شورای مدرسه
  • شورای دانش‌آموزی
  • شورای معلمان
  • شورای دانشگاه

Neighborhood

  • شورای ساختمان
  • شورای محله
  • شارژ ساختمان
  • جلسه همسایه‌ها

Business

  • شورای مدیران
  • شورای کارگری
  • شورای صنفی
  • جلسه هیئت

Legal

  • شورای حل اختلاف
  • شورای داوری
  • شورای بازبینی
  • حکم شورا

对话开场白

"نظر شما درباره تصمیم اخیر شورای شهر چیست؟ (What is your opinion on the city council's recent decision?)"

"آیا در مدرسه شما شورای دانش‌آموزی وجود داشت؟ (Was there a student council in your school?)"

"شورای امنیت چگونه می‌تواند به صلح جهانی کمک کند؟ (How can the Security Council help world peace?)"

"در ساختمان شما، شورای ساختمان چگونه اداره می‌شود؟ (In your building, how is the building council managed?)"

"آیا فکر می‌کنید سیستم شورایی بهتر از سیستم فردی است؟ (Do you think a council system is better than an individual system?)"

日记主题

اگر رئیس شورای شهر بودید، اولین تغییری که ایجاد می‌کردید چه بود؟ (If you were the head of the city council, what would be the first change you'd make?)

اهمیت مشورت و شورا در فرهنگ خود را توصیف کنید. (Describe the importance of consultation and council in your culture.)

یک خاطره از زمانی که در یک شورا یا گروه تصمیم‌گیرنده بودید بنویسید. (Write a memory of a time you were in a council or decision-making group.)

چرا برخی از شوراها در رسیدن به هدف خود شکست می‌خورند؟ (Why do some councils fail to reach their goals?)

نقش شورای امنیت در دنیای امروز را تحلیل کنید. (Analyze the role of the Security Council in today's world.)

常见问题

10 个问题

'Shora' is the base noun. 'Shoraye' is the form used with Ezafe to link it to another noun, like 'Shoraye Shahr' (Council of the City).

No, it is used in schools (student council), buildings (building council), and businesses (board of directors) as well.

The plural is 'Shoraha' (شوراها).

It is an Arabic loanword that is fully integrated into Persian.

The 'Shora-ye Negahban' is a powerful body in Iran that oversees elections and laws.

It's too formal for friends unless you are being humorous or sarcastic.

It means 'Security Council', usually referring to the UN Security Council.

It is pronounced similarly, though the 'a' sound might be slightly different depending on the regional accent.

It is a Student Council in a school.

Not necessarily; it implies consultation, but the members may be appointed rather than elected.

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自我测试 180 个问题

writing

Write 'The school council' in Persian.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write 'I am in the council.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write 'The city council has a meeting.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write 'Who is the head of the council?'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write 'The Security Council issued a resolution.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write 'He is a member of the student council.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write 'The Guardian Council reviewed the candidates.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write 'The Board of Governors met yesterday.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write 'The Expediency Council made the final decision.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write a sentence about the importance of consultation in governance.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write 'This is our council.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write 'We need a new building council.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write 'The council approved the budget.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write 'Where is the council office?'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write 'The Supreme Council of National Security is important.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write 'Council' in plural form.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write 'The village council is small.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write 'The council meeting was cancelled.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write 'He was expelled from the council.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write 'The GCC discussed oil prices.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say 'School Council' in Persian.

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say 'I am a member.'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say 'Where is the city council?'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say 'We have a meeting today.'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say 'The Security Council decided.'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say 'I want to talk to the council.'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Explain what a 'Shora-ye Shahr' does.

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say 'The Guardian Council is very powerful.'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Discuss the role of the UN Security Council.

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Describe the concept of Shura in Islamic history.

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say 'This council is good.'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say 'The building council is in the lobby.'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say 'The student council is active.'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say 'Who is the head of the city council?'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say 'The Board of Governors issued a statement.'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say 'One, two, three council members.'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say 'My mother is in the council.'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say 'The village council solved the water problem.'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say 'The film review board approved it.'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say 'The GCC met in Riyadh.'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen to 'شورای من'. What does it mean?

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen to 'شورای تو'. What does it mean?

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen to 'شورای شهر تهران'. Which city is it?

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen to 'عضو شورا'. What is the person?

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen to 'شورای امنیت سازمان ملل'. What is the organization?

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen to 'جلسه شورا لغو شد'. What happened to the meeting?

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen to 'شورای نگهبان تایید کرد'. What did the council do?

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen to 'شورای عالی امنیت ملی'. Which council is it?

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen to 'شورای مصلحت نظام'. What is its role?

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen to 'نظام شورایی'. What kind of system is it?

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen to 'رئیس شورا'. Who is it?

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen to 'شورای روستا'. Where is the council?

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen to 'شورای معلمان'. Who is in the council?

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen to 'شورای حکام'. What is the English term?

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen to 'شورای همکاری'. What does it mean?

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write 'Our building council.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：

/ 180 correct

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