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A2 verb #2,200 最常用 4分钟阅读

صرف کردن

sarf kardan
At the A1 level, you only need to know that 'sarf kardan' is a formal way to say 'to spend'. You might see it in simple sentences like 'I spend time'. It is a compound verb, so you conjugate the 'kardan' part (mikonam, mikoni, etc.). Focus on the 'time' aspect first.
At A2, you should distinguish between 'sarf kardan' (spending time/energy) and 'kharj kardan' (spending money). You can use it to describe your daily routine, such as 'I spend two hours studying'. You should also recognize it in formal invitations for food.
By B1, you should be comfortable using 'sarf kardan' in more complex sentences with prepositions like 'baraye' (for). You should also understand its grammatical meaning: 'to conjugate'. If a teacher asks you to conjugate a verb, they will use this word.
At B2, you should understand the nuance of 'resource management'. You can use it in professional contexts, such as discussing budgets or project timelines. You should also recognize the passive form 'sarf shodan' (to be spent/expended).
At C1, you use 'sarf kardan' to discuss abstract concepts like 'spending one's life' or 'expending intellectual energy'. You understand its etymological roots and can use it in literary analysis or high-level business negotiations without sounding stiff.
At C2, you master the subtle differences between 'sarf', 'masraf', and 'itlaf' (wasting). You can use 'sarf kardan' in poetic or highly formal rhetoric. You are aware of its usage in classical Persian literature where it might have slightly different connotations.
开始练习 例句 笔记与提示

صرف کردن 30秒了解

  • Sarf kardan means to spend time, money, or energy formally.
  • It is the standard word for 'conjugating' verbs in Persian grammar.
  • In very formal contexts, it can mean 'to eat' or 'to drink'.
  • It is more formal than 'kharj kardan' and applies to more than just money.

The Persian verb صرف کردن (sarf kardan) is a multifaceted compound verb primarily used to describe the act of allocating, spending, or utilizing resources such as time, money, or energy. Derived from the Arabic root 'S-R-F', which relates to turning or changing, in Persian it has evolved into a cornerstone of daily communication regarding productivity and resource management. At its core, it implies a purposeful expenditure. Unlike the verb 'kharj kardan' (خرج کردن), which is almost exclusively used for spending money, sarf kardan is much broader and more formal, making it suitable for academic, professional, and literary contexts.

Resource Allocation
It refers to the deliberate use of time or money to achieve a specific goal. For example, 'spending time on studies'.
Linguistic Conjugation
In the context of grammar, this verb means 'to conjugate'. A student might say they are 'conjugating the verb'.
Consumption (Formal)
In very formal settings, it is used as a polite substitute for eating or drinking, such as 'consuming a meal'.

"من وقت زیادی برای یادگیری زبان صرف کردم."

— Translation: I spent a lot of time learning the language.

"لطفاً شام را با ما صرف کنید."

— Translation: Please have (consume) dinner with us.
Common Collocations
Vaqt sarf kardan (Spending time), Hazineh sarf kardan (Spending cost), Enerzhi sarf kardan (Expending energy).

Using صرف کردن correctly requires understanding its direct object. Usually, the resource being spent is the object of the sentence. In Persian syntax, the object often takes the 'ra' (را) marker if it is specific, though with 'sarf kardan', it is frequently used in a generic sense where 'ra' is omitted.

1. Spending Time (Vaqt)

This is the most frequent usage. It implies an investment of hours or days into a project. 'Vaqt-e ziadi baraye in kar sarf shod' (Much time was spent on this task). Note the use of the preposition 'baraye' (for) to indicate the purpose.

2. Financial Contexts

While 'kharj kardan' is the go-to for buying groceries, 'sarf kardan' is used for investments or large-scale expenditures. 'Dowlat budje-ye ziadi sarf-e amoozesh kard' (The government spent a large budget on education). Here, 'sarf-e' is often used as an ezafe construction.

3. Linguistic Context

If you are in a Persian class, your teacher will say: 'In fe'l ra sarf kon' (Conjugate this verb). This is a technical term essential for students of linguistics.

"او تمام توان خود را صرف موفقیت کرد."

— Translation: He spent all his power/effort on success.

You will encounter صرف کردن in various settings, ranging from the evening news to a formal dinner party. Its versatility is its strength.

  • News and Media: Reporting on government spending or time allocated to international negotiations.
  • Academic Settings: Discussing research time or the conjugation of archaic verbs.
  • Formal Invitations: A host might say 'Ghazā sarf shod?' (Has the food been consumed/eaten?) as a polite way to check if guests are finished.
  • Self-Help/Productivity: Books and podcasts discussing how to 'spend' your life or time wisely.

Avoid these common pitfalls to sound more like a native speaker:

  • Confusing with 'Kharj Kardan': Don't say 'Vaqtam ra kharj kardam'. 'Kharj' is for money/wallets. For time, always use 'sarf'.
  • Overusing in Casual Speech: If you are at a fast-food joint with friends, don't say 'Pizza sarf konim?'. It sounds hilariously formal. Use 'bokhorim' (let's eat) instead.
  • Preposition Errors: Usually, you spend something *on* (baraye or dar rahe) something. Using the wrong preposition can change the meaning or make the sentence clunky.

❌ "من پولم را برای کتاب صرف کردم." (Too formal for buying a book)

✅ "من برای خرید کتاب پول خرج کردم."

Understanding the synonyms helps in choosing the right register:

Gozashtan (گذاشتن)
Literally 'to put'. Used informally for time: 'Vaqt gozashtam' (I put/spent time).
Masraf Kardan (مصرف کردن)
To consume or use up (like electricity, water, or medicine). 'Sarf' is more about allocation, 'Masraf' is about consumption.
Pardakhtan (پرداختن)
To pay (money) or to engage in (an activity). 'Be in kar pardakhtam' (I engaged in this work).

How Formal Is It?

正式

""

非正式

""

难度评级

需要掌握的语法

按水平分级的例句

1

من وقت صرف می‌کنم.

I spend time.

Present continuous usage.

2

او پول صرف کرد.

He spent money.

Simple past tense.

3

ما وقت صرف می‌کنیم.

We spend time.

First person plural.

4

آیا تو وقت صرف می‌کنی؟

Do you spend time?

Interrogative form.

5

آنها وقت صرف کردند.

They spent time.

Third person plural past.

6

من برای درس وقت صرف می‌کنم.

I spend time for lessons.

Using 'baraye' (for).

7

مادرم وقت صرف می‌کند.

My mother spends time.

Subject-verb agreement.

8

امروز وقت صرف کردیم.

We spent time today.

Adverb of time 'emrouz'.

1

من دو ساعت وقت صرف مطالعه کردم.

I spent two hours studying.

Specific duration mentioned.

2

او انرژی زیادی صرف کار کرد.

He spent a lot of energy on work.

Abstract noun 'enerzhi'.

3

ما برای این پروژه وقت صرف کردیم.

We spent time on this project.

Prepositional phrase.

4

شما چقدر وقت صرف می‌کنید؟

How much time do you spend?

Question word 'cheghadr'.

5

آنها پول زیادی صرف سفر کردند.

They spent a lot of money on the trip.

Formal use for money.

6

لطفاً کمی وقت صرف کنید.

Please spend a little time.

Imperative mood.

7

او وقتش را صرف ورزش می‌کند.

He spends his time on sports.

Possessive suffix '-ash'.

8

ما شام را در رستوران صرف کردیم.

We had (consumed) dinner at the restaurant.

Formal usage for eating.

1

استاد از ما خواست فعل را صرف کنیم.

The professor asked us to conjugate the verb.

Linguistic meaning.

2

باید وقت بیشتری صرف یادگیری کنید.

You must spend more time learning.

Modal verb 'bayad'.

3

او تمام عمرش را صرف تحقیق کرد.

He spent his whole life on research.

Long duration.

4

هزینه‌های زیادی صرف این ساختمان شد.

Much cost was spent on this building.

Passive voice 'sarf shod'.

5

آیا میل دارید ناهار را با ما صرف کنید؟

Would you like to have lunch with us?

Polite 'meyl dashtan'.

6

او وقت خود را صرف امور خیریه می‌کند.

He spends his time on charity affairs.

Compound noun 'omoor-e khayrieh'.

7

دولت بودجه را صرف سلامت کرد.

The government spent the budget on health.

Formal/Political context.

8

من وقتم را بیهوده صرف نمی‌کنم.

I don't spend my time in vain.

Negative form with 'biehoodeh'.

1

بخش بزرگی از درآمد صرف اجاره می‌شود.

A large part of the income is spent on rent.

Passive present 'sarf mishavad'.

2

او سال‌ها صرف نوشتن این کتاب کرد.

He spent years writing this book.

Gerund-like usage 'neveshtan'.

3

نیروی زیادی صرف حل این مشکل شد.

A lot of force/effort was spent solving this problem.

Abstract resource 'niroo'.

4

ما باید منابع خود را درست صرف کنیم.

We must spend our resources correctly.

Resource management.

5

او وقت زیادی صرف جزئیات می‌کند.

He spends a lot of time on details.

Detail-oriented context.

6

این پروژه زمان زیادی صرف خواهد کرد.

This project will spend/take a lot of time.

Future tense 'sarf khahad kard'.

7

او تمام توانش را صرف پیروزی کرد.

He spent all his power on victory.

Intensive usage.

8

سرمایه گذاران پول خود را صرف تکنولوژی کردند.

Investors spent their money on technology.

Business context.

1

او جوانی‌اش را صرف مبارزه با فقر کرد.

He spent his youth fighting poverty.

Abstract concept 'javani'.

2

بسیاری از منابع ملی صرف جنگ شد.

Many national resources were spent on the war.

Macro-economic context.

3

نویسنده دقت وسواس‌گونه‌ای صرف متن کرده است.

The author has spent obsessive precision on the text.

Present perfect 'karde ast'.

4

او وقت خود را صرف کشف حقیقت کرد.

He spent his time discovering the truth.

Philosophical context.

5

سرمایه‌ی فکری زیادی صرف این اختراع شد.

Much intellectual capital was spent on this invention.

Intellectual resource.

6

او انرژی روانی خود را صرف این رابطه کرد.

She spent her psychic energy on this relationship.

Psychological context.

7

این فیلسوف عمر خود را صرف تبیین این نظریه کرد.

This philosopher spent his life explaining this theory.

Academic/Theoretical context.

8

ما نباید پتانسیل خود را صرف کارهای کوچک کنیم.

We should not spend our potential on small tasks.

Potential as a resource.

1

او تمام مساعی خود را صرف وفاق ملی نمود.

He spent all his efforts on national consensus.

Highly formal 'namood' instead of 'kard'.

2

عمر گرانمایه در این راه صرف شد.

Precious life was spent in this path.

Literary/Poetic register.

3

او دقایق عمر را صرف تهذیب نفس کرد.

He spent the minutes of his life on self-refinement.

Mystical/Ethical context.

4

سرمایه‌های کلان صرف زیرساخت‌های استراتژیک گشت.

Massive capital was spent on strategic infrastructure.

Formal passive 'gasht'.

5

او همّ و غم خود را صرف اعتلای فرهنگ کرد.

He spent all his concern and sorrow on the elevation of culture.

Idiomatic formal expression.

6

بخش اعظمی از توان لجستیکی صرف امدادرسانی شد.

A major part of the logistical capacity was spent on relief efforts.

Technical/Logistical context.

7

او بضاعت اندک خود را صرف خرید کتاب کرد.

He spent his meager means on buying books.

Archaic/Formal 'boza'at'.

8

تمام توانمندی‌های ذهنی‌اش صرف حل این معما گشت.

All his mental capabilities were spent solving this riddle.

Formal passive.

常见搭配

وقت صرف کردن
پول صرف کردن
انرژی صرف کردن
هزینه صرف کردن
عمر صرف کردن
زمان صرف کردن
توان صرف کردن
بودجه صرف کردن
فعل صرف کردن
غذا صرف کردن

常用短语

صرف وقت

صرف هزینه

صرف فعل

صرف نظر کردن

صرف شام

صرف ناهار

صرف انرژی

صرف منابع

صرف توان

صرف جویی

容易混淆的词

صرف کردن vs خرج کردن

Kharj is for money only; Sarf is for time/energy/money.

صرف کردن vs مصرف کردن

Masraf is 'consuming' (using up); Sarf is 'allocating'.

صرف کردن vs تلف کردن

Talaf is 'wasting'; Sarf is 'spending' (neutral/positive).

习语与表达

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容易混淆

صرف کردن vs

صرف کردن vs

صرف کردن vs

صرف کردن vs

صرف کردن vs

句型

如何使用

food

Very formal

time

Standard

money

Formal only

grammar

Technical

常见错误
  • Using it for small daily purchases.
  • Using 'kharj' for time.
  • Forgetting the 'kardan' auxiliary.
  • Mispronouncing it as 'Sarf' (with a soft S) vs 'Zarf' (container).
  • Using it for 'eating' in a casual pizza shop.

小贴士

Academic Tone

Use this verb in university papers to describe research time.

Polite Dining

When hosting, ask 'Ghazā sarf shod?' to be very polite.

Verb Drills

Practice conjugating 'sarf kardan' in all 6 persons.

Natural Flow

Combine with 'ziad' (much) or 'kam' (little).

News Keywords

Listen for this in budget reports on Iranian TV.

Formal Letters

Use 'sarf-e-nazar' to mean 'disregarding' or 'ignoring'.

Sarf/Surf

You 'surf' through time as you 'sarf' it.

Sarf vs Kharj

Time = Sarf. Money = Kharj (usually).

Ta'arof

It is a key verb in high-level Persian etiquette.

Advanced Usage

Learn the passive 'sarf shodan' for news comprehension.

记住它

词源

文化背景

Formal/Academic

Very High

High

在生活中练习

真实语境

对话开场白

"چقدر وقت صرف یادگیری فارسی می‌کنی؟"

"آیا برای ورزش وقت صرف می‌کنی؟"

"بهترین راه برای صرف وقت چیست؟"

"چرا باید برای هنر هزینه صرف کرد؟"

"آیا حاضری عمرت را صرف این کار کنی؟"

日记主题

امروز وقت خود را صرف چه کارهایی کردید؟

آیا از نحوه‌ی صرف پول خود راضی هستید؟

یک خاطره بنویسید که در آن وقت زیادی صرف یک پروژه کردید.

چرا صرف فعل در زبان فارسی مهم است؟

اگر پول زیادی داشتید، آن را صرف چه چیزی می‌کردید؟

常见问题

10 个问题

It sounds too formal. Use 'kharidan' or 'kharj kardan' for the money part.

No, it also means 'to conjugate' in grammar and 'to eat' in formal speech.

It is a compound verb. The 'kardan' part follows regular 'kardan' conjugation rules.

Sarf is about the act of spending/allocating. Masraf is about the consumption of a product.

No, that is grammatically incorrect in Persian. Use 'sarf' for time.

Man fe'l ra sarf kardam.

Yes, it means 'saving' or 'economizing' (literally: spending-seeking).

Yes, frequently, to describe spending one's life or soul.

Yes, 'enerzhi sarf kardan' is very common.

Sarf kardeh.

自我测试 180 个问题

/ 180 correct

Perfect score!

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