échantillon 30秒了解
- A small representative quantity taken for testing or display.
- Used in medical, scientific, and commercial contexts.
- Think of it as a sample or specimen.
- Must accurately reflect the larger whole.
- Core Meaning
- An 'échantillon' is a small portion or quantity of something that is taken to represent a larger whole. Think of it as a sample or a specimen. It's used when you want to examine, test, or show what something is like without having to use the entire amount.
- Common Scenarios
- You'll often encounter this word in scientific and medical contexts. For instance, doctors take an 'échantillon de sang' (blood sample) to analyze your health. In research, scientists might collect an 'échantillon de sol' (soil sample) to study its composition. In stores, you might be offered an 'échantillon de parfum' (perfume sample) to try before you buy. Even in everyday life, a baker might give you an 'échantillon de gâteau' (cake sample) to taste.
- Key Idea
- The crucial aspect of an 'échantillon' is that it's representative. It should accurately reflect the characteristics of the larger group or material from which it was taken. This ensures that any conclusions drawn from studying the sample are valid for the whole.
Le médecin a demandé un échantillon d'urine pour des analyses.
J'ai reçu un échantillon de tissu pour vérifier la qualité.
Elle a pris un échantillon de terre pour l'analyser au laboratoire.
- In essence
- 'Échantillon' is your go-to word when you need to refer to a small piece taken from a larger whole for inspection, testing, or demonstration. It's a versatile term used across many fields, from medicine and science to commerce and daily life.
- Basic Structure
- The word 'échantillon' is a masculine noun. It is often used with articles like 'un', 'une', 'le', 'la', 'des', or possessive adjectives like 'mon', 'ton', 'son', etc. The structure typically involves stating that a sample is taken, given, analyzed, or examined.
- Verbs Commonly Used With 'Échantillon'
- Several verbs frequently pair with 'échantillon' to describe its handling and purpose. Key verbs include:
- Prendre (to take): 'prendre un échantillon' (to take a sample). This is very common in medical and scientific contexts.
- Donner (to give): 'donner un échantillon' (to give a sample). Often used by businesses offering free samples.
- Analyser (to analyze): 'analyser un échantillon' (to analyze a sample). Essential for scientific and medical testing.
- Examiner (to examine): 'examiner un échantillon' (to examine a sample). Similar to analyzing, but can also imply a visual inspection.
- Recevoir (to receive): 'recevoir un échantillon' (to receive a sample). Used when you are the recipient of a sample.
- Prélever (to collect/take): 'prélever un échantillon' (to collect a sample). A more formal verb, often used in technical contexts.
- Adding Specificity
- To make your sentences more precise, you can specify the type of sample using prepositions like 'de' (of) followed by the noun describing the substance. For example: 'un échantillon de sang' (a blood sample), 'un échantillon de tissu' (a tissue sample), 'un échantillon de nourriture' (a food sample), 'un échantillon de parfum' (a perfume sample), 'un échantillon de sol' (a soil sample).
- Sentence Examples
- Here are examples illustrating different uses:
Le laboratoire a besoin d'un échantillon de votre ADN.
The laboratory needs a DNA sample of yours. Nous avons reçu plusieurs échantillons de peintures pour choisir la meilleure couleur.
We received several paint samples to choose the best color. Les clients peuvent demander un échantillon gratuit du nouveau produit.
Customers can ask for a free sample of the new product. Il faut prélever un échantillon représentatif avant de commencer l'étude.
It is necessary to collect a representative sample before starting the study.
- Medical Settings
- This is perhaps the most common place to hear 'échantillon'. Doctors, nurses, and lab technicians frequently use it when referring to bodily fluids or tissues collected for diagnostic purposes. You might hear phrases like: 'Nous avons besoin d'un échantillon de sang' (We need a blood sample), 'Veuillez donner un échantillon d'urine' (Please provide a urine sample), or 'Nous allons examiner cet échantillon de tissu' (We will examine this tissue sample). Even when you're the one providing the sample, you might be asked to fill a container for an 'échantillon'.
- Scientific Research
- In laboratories and research facilities, 'échantillon' is a staple. Scientists collect samples of everything from soil and water to air and biological materials to study their properties. You'll hear about 'échantillons de sol' for geological studies, 'échantillons d'eau' for environmental analysis, or 'échantillons de cellules' in biology. The concept of a 'échantillon représentatif' (representative sample) is crucial in scientific methodology.
- Retail and Marketing
- In the world of commerce, 'échantillon' often refers to free samples offered to potential customers. This is common in the cosmetics industry ('échantillons de parfum', 'échantillons de maquillage'), food and beverage ('échantillons de fromage', 'échantillons de vin'), and even in home goods like paint or fabric stores. The goal is to let consumers try a product before committing to a purchase. You might be handed a small sachet, a tiny bottle, or a small portion of food, all of which are 'échantillons'.
- Manufacturing and Quality Control
- In factories, quality control often involves taking random 'échantillons' of products from the production line to ensure they meet standards. This could be an 'échantillon de tissu' from a textile factory, an 'échantillon de plastique' from a molding plant, or an 'échantillon de nourriture' from a food processing facility. This practice helps catch defects early.
- Everyday Conversations
- Beyond these specific fields, you might hear 'échantillon' in more general conversations. For example, if someone is baking and offers you a taste, they might say, 'Goûte cet échantillon de ma nouvelle recette' (Taste this sample of my new recipe). Or if discussing a collection of items, someone might refer to a specific piece as an 'échantillon' that represents the whole collection. Essentially, any time a small part is presented as representative of a larger whole, 'échantillon' is the word to use.
Dans ce magasin, ils offrent un échantillon de parfum à chaque client.
Le biologiste a collecté un échantillon de la flore locale.
- Confusing with 'Exemple'
- A frequent point of confusion for learners is distinguishing 'échantillon' from 'exemple'. While both relate to something that represents a larger entity, their contexts are different. 'Exemple' refers to a case or instance that illustrates a general rule, idea, or situation. For example, 'Paris est un bon exemple de ville européenne' (Paris is a good example of a European city). 'Échantillon', on the other hand, refers to a physical quantity taken for testing or examination. You wouldn't say 'un exemple de sang' (an example of blood); you'd say 'un échantillon de sang' (a blood sample). Similarly, you wouldn't offer 'un exemple de parfum' to test; you'd offer an 'échantillon de parfum'.
- Gender Agreement
- 'Échantillon' is a masculine noun. Learners sometimes incorrectly use feminine articles or adjectives with it. For instance, saying 'une échantillon' instead of 'un échantillon', or 'la petite échantillon' instead of 'le petit échantillon'. Always remember that 'échantillon' requires masculine agreement: 'un échantillon', 'le bon échantillon', 'cet échantillon'.
- Overuse in General Contexts
- While 'échantillon' is versatile, it's not always the best word for every situation where something represents a larger whole. For instance, if you're talking about a typical person or a representative example of a group in a non-physical sense, 'exemple' or 'représentant' might be more appropriate. Using 'échantillon' too broadly for abstract concepts can sound unnatural. For instance, instead of 'un échantillon de personnes qui aiment le chocolat' (a sample of people who like chocolate), it might be more natural to say 'un groupe de personnes qui aiment le chocolat' or even 'une étude sur les amateurs de chocolat'.
- Grammatical Errors with Plurals
- The plural form of 'échantillon' is 'échantillons'. A common mistake is to forget the 's' or to misapply plural rules. When referring to more than one sample, ensure you use 'des échantillons' or 'les échantillons'. For example, 'J'ai reçu trois échantillons' (I received three samples), not 'trois échantillon'.
- Preposition Usage
- When specifying what the sample is from, the preposition 'de' is used (e.g., 'un échantillon de sang'). Sometimes learners might incorrectly use other prepositions or forget 'de' altogether. Ensure you use 'de' to connect 'échantillon' to the substance it represents.
Incorrect: J'ai pris une échantillon de ce tissu. Correct: J'ai pris un échantillon de ce tissu.
Incorrect: Les exemples de ce vin sont délicieux. Correct: Les échantillons de ce vin sont délicieux.
- 'Exemple' (Example)
- Difference: 'Exemple' refers to a representative case or illustration of a general point, idea, or rule. It's abstract. 'Échantillon' is a physical quantity taken from a larger whole for testing or analysis.
Usage: Use 'exemple' when you want to show something as typical of its kind, like a model or instance. Use 'échantillon' when you need a physical piece for examination.
Example: 'Voici un exemple de ce que nous avons discuté.' (Here is an example of what we discussed.) vs. 'J'ai besoin d'un échantillon de ce liquide.' (I need a sample of this liquid.) - 'Spécimen' (Specimen)
- Difference: 'Spécimen' is very similar to 'échantillon' and often interchangeable, especially in scientific and medical contexts. However, 'spécimen' can sometimes imply a more unique or rare item collected for study or display, or a typical example of a species. 'Échantillon' is more general for any quantity taken.
Usage: Both are used for samples for testing. 'Spécimen' might be preferred for biological or geological samples of particular interest.
Example: 'Le musée a reçu un spécimen rare de fossile.' (The museum received a rare fossil specimen.) 'Le laboratoire analyse cet échantillon de sang.' (The lab is analyzing this blood sample.) - 'Prélèvement' (Collection/Sampling)
- Difference: 'Prélèvement' is the act or process of taking a sample, rather than the sample itself. It's a noun derived from the verb 'prélever' (to collect/take).
Usage: You perform a 'prélèvement' to obtain an 'échantillon'.
Example: 'Le prélèvement sanguin a été effectué ce matin.' (The blood sampling was performed this morning.) 'L'échantillon de sang est maintenant au laboratoire.' (The blood sample is now at the lab.) - 'Aperçu' (Overview/Glimpse)
- Difference: 'Aperçu' refers to a brief view or summary, an initial impression, or a preview. It's not a physical sample.
Usage: Use 'aperçu' when you want to give or get a general idea or a quick look at something.
Example: 'Cet article donne un aperçu des tendances actuelles.' (This article gives an overview of current trends.) This contrasts with a physical 'échantillon' of trends, which doesn't exist. - 'Portion' (Portion/Share)
- Difference: 'Portion' refers to a part of something, especially food, or a share of something. While an 'échantillon' is a portion, 'portion' doesn't necessarily imply it's taken for testing or representative purposes; it's simply a part.
Usage: Use 'portion' for servings of food or shares of resources. Use 'échantillon' when the sample's purpose is testing or demonstration.
Example: 'J'ai mangé une grosse portion de pâtes.' (I ate a large portion of pasta.) 'Le chimiste a analysé une petite portion du produit.' (The chemist analyzed a small portion of the product - here, 'échantillon' would also be suitable if the portion was taken as a sample).
'Exemple' is for illustration, 'échantillon' is for analysis.
How Formal Is It?
趣味小知识
The evolution of 'échantillon' from 'exchange' to 'sample' highlights how the concept of taking a small part to represent a larger whole became associated with the idea of testing or evaluating that whole. It's like exchanging a small piece to 'try' or 'test' the value of the larger item.
发音指南
- Pronouncing the nasal vowels ('an', 'on') as regular English vowels.
- Adding an 'n' sound to the nasal vowels instead of producing them nasally.
- Misplacing the stress on the first or second syllable.
难度评级
The word itself is relatively straightforward, but understanding its nuances in different contexts (medical, scientific, commercial) requires some exposure. The CEFR A2 level indicates basic comprehension.
接下来学什么
前置知识
接下来学习
高级
需要掌握的语法
Masculine Nouns and Articles
'Échantillon' is a masculine noun. Therefore, it takes masculine articles like 'un' and 'le', and demonstratives like 'ce'/'cet'. Example: 'Un échantillon', 'le bon échantillon', 'cet échantillon intéressant'.
Using 'de' to Specify
To indicate what the sample is from, use the preposition 'de' (or 'd'' before a vowel). Example: 'Un échantillon de sang', 'Un échantillon d'eau'.
Pluralization
The plural of 'échantillon' is 'échantillons'. Example: 'J'ai reçu plusieurs échantillons gratuits'.
Past Participle Agreement (Passive Voice)
When 'échantillon' is used in a passive construction, the past participle agrees in gender and number. Example: 'Cet échantillon a été analysé'.
Infinitive Clauses of Purpose
Often used with verbs like 'pour' or 'afin de' to explain why a sample is taken. Example: 'Il a pris un échantillon pour tester la qualité'.
按水平分级的例句
Je veux un échantillon.
I want a sample.
Simple sentence structure with the verb 'vouloir' (to want).
C'est un échantillon.
It is a sample.
Basic identification sentence using 'être' (to be).
Donne-moi un échantillon.
Give me a sample.
Imperative form of 'donner' (to give).
Un petit échantillon.
A small sample.
Adjective 'petit' modifying the masculine noun 'échantillon'.
J'ai un échantillon.
I have a sample.
Using 'avoir' (to have) with the noun.
Où est l'échantillon ?
Where is the sample?
Question form using 'où' (where).
Un échantillon de tissu.
A fabric sample.
Using 'de' to specify the type of sample.
Merci pour l'échantillon.
Thank you for the sample.
Expressing gratitude for the item.
Le docteur a pris un échantillon de mon sang.
The doctor took a sample of my blood.
Past tense (passé composé) of 'prendre' (to take) and possessive adjective 'mon'.
J'ai reçu un échantillon gratuit de ce parfum.
I received a free sample of this perfume.
Past tense of 'recevoir' (to receive) and adjective 'gratuit'.
Pouvez-vous me donner un échantillon de la crème ?
Can you give me a sample of the cream?
Using 'pouvoir' (can) and the polite imperative structure.
Cet échantillon de sol semble intéressant.
This soil sample seems interesting.
Demonstrative adjective 'cet' and the verb 'sembler' (to seem).
Nous allons analyser cet échantillon au laboratoire.
We are going to analyze this sample in the laboratory.
Future proche ('aller' + infinitive) and preposition 'au'.
Il faut prélever un échantillon avant de continuer.
It is necessary to take a sample before continuing.
Impersonal expression 'il faut' (it is necessary) and verb 'prélever'.
J'ai acheté une robe après avoir essayé un échantillon.
I bought a dress after trying a sample.
Past tense with a subordinate clause using 'après avoir' + past participle.
Les clients aiment recevoir des échantillons.
Customers like to receive samples.
Plural noun 'échantillons' and the verb 'aimer' (to like).
Le résultat de l'analyse de cet échantillon biologique déterminera le traitement.
The result of the analysis of this biological sample will determine the treatment.
Complex sentence structure with multiple prepositions and a future tense verb.
Les fabricants offrent souvent des échantillons pour promouvoir leurs nouveaux produits.
Manufacturers often offer samples to promote their new products.
Use of adverb 'souvent' (often) and infinitive clause of purpose.
Avant de commander en grande quantité, il est conseillé de demander un échantillon.
Before ordering in large quantity, it is advisable to ask for a sample.
Subordinate clause with 'avant de' and impersonal 'il est conseillé'.
Chaque échantillon de sol a été soigneusement étiqueté pour éviter toute confusion.
Each soil sample was carefully labeled to avoid any confusion.
Past passive voice and infinitive clause of purpose.
Elle a prélevé un échantillon de cheveux pour un test ADN.
She took a hair sample for a DNA test.
Past tense of 'prélever' and specification of the sample type.
Les scientifiques recherchent un échantillon qui soit représentatif de l'ensemble de la population.
Scientists are looking for a sample that is representative of the entire population.
Use of the subjunctive mood ('soit') after 'rechercher que'.
La qualité du produit final dépend de la précision de l'échantillon initial.
The quality of the final product depends on the accuracy of the initial sample.
Abstract noun usage and possessive construction.
Pour évaluer la sécurité alimentaire, des échantillons sont régulièrement testés.
To evaluate food safety, samples are regularly tested.
Infinitive clause of purpose and present passive voice.
L'industrie pharmaceutique dépend fortement de la collecte d'échantillons fiables pour la recherche et le développement.
The pharmaceutical industry relies heavily on the collection of reliable samples for research and development.
Abstract concepts, nominalization ('la collecte'), and complex sentence structure.
Il est impératif que chaque échantillon soit manipulé avec le plus grand soin pour garantir l'intégrité des résultats.
It is imperative that each sample be handled with the utmost care to guarantee the integrity of the results.
Subjunctive mood after 'il est impératif que' and formal vocabulary.
Les experts ont émis des réserves quant à la représentativité de l'échantillon initial, suggérant une nouvelle collecte.
The experts expressed reservations about the representativeness of the initial sample, suggesting a new collection.
Nominalization ('la représentativité'), past tense, and gerund ('suggérant').
La méthode d'extraction de l'échantillon peut influencer significativement les conclusions de l'étude.
The method of sample extraction can significantly influence the study's conclusions.
Complex noun phrases and adverbial modification.
Les consommateurs sont de plus en plus demandeurs d'échantillons personnalisés pour mieux évaluer les produits.
Consumers are increasingly requesting personalized samples to better evaluate products.
Use of 'de plus en plus' and infinitive clause of purpose.
Avant de généraliser les résultats, il faut s'assurer que l'échantillon utilisé est suffisamment large et diversifié.
Before generalizing the results, it is necessary to ensure that the sample used is sufficiently large and diverse.
Subordinate clause with 'avant de' and adjectival phrases.
La conservation adéquate de l'échantillon est cruciale pour prévenir toute dégradation de sa substance.
Adequate preservation of the sample is crucial to prevent any degradation of its substance.
Abstract nouns and formal vocabulary.
Les entreprises investissent massivement dans la distribution d'échantillons pour acquérir de nouveaux clients.
Companies invest heavily in the distribution of samples to acquire new customers.
Adverbial modification ('massivement') and infinitive clause of purpose.
La validité des conclusions d'une étude épidémiologique repose intrinsèquement sur la représentativité et la fiabilité des échantillons collectés.
The validity of the conclusions of an epidemiological study rests intrinsically on the representativeness and reliability of the collected samples.
Highly abstract vocabulary, nominalization, and complex sentence structure.
Il est primordial que les protocoles de prélèvement et de conservation des échantillons soient rigoureusement respectés afin de garantir l'absence de biais.
It is paramount that sample collection and preservation protocols are rigorously adhered to in order to guarantee the absence of bias.
Subjunctive mood, formal vocabulary, and complex adverbial clauses.
L'optimisation des techniques d'analyse d'échantillons permet d'identifier des marqueurs subtils qui échappent aux méthodes conventionnelles.
The optimization of sample analysis techniques allows for the identification of subtle markers that escape conventional methods.
Nominalization, complex verb phrases, and relative clauses.
La déontologie professionnelle exige une transparence absolue quant aux méthodes utilisées pour la sélection et l'analyse des échantillons.
Professional ethics demand absolute transparency regarding the methods used for the selection and analysis of samples.
Abstract nouns, formal vocabulary, and prepositional phrases.
Dans le domaine de la génomique, la qualité et la quantité des échantillons d'ADN sont des facteurs déterminants pour la réussite des séquençages.
In the field of genomics, the quality and quantity of DNA samples are determining factors for the success of sequencing.
Specialized terminology, complex noun phrases, and participial adjectives.
Les initiatives de marketing ciblé s'appuient sur l'analyse d'échantillons de consommateurs pour affiner leurs stratégies.
Targeted marketing initiatives rely on the analysis of consumer samples to refine their strategies.
Nominalization, abstract concepts, and infinitive clauses.
La problématique de la contamination croisée des échantillons représente un défi constant dans les laboratoires de microbiologie.
The issue of cross-contamination of samples represents a constant challenge in microbiology laboratories.
Abstract nouns, complex noun phrases, and specialized vocabulary.
L'interprétation des résultats dépendra de la corrélation entre l'échantillon étudié et les données de référence disponibles.
The interpretation of the results will depend on the correlation between the studied sample and the available reference data.
Abstract concepts, participial adjectives, and complex prepositional phrases.
L'inestimable valeur heuristique des échantillons archéologiques réside dans leur capacité à éclairer les dynamiques sociales et environnementales des civilisations disparues.
The invaluable heuristic value of archaeological samples lies in their capacity to illuminate the social and environmental dynamics of vanished civilizations.
Highly sophisticated vocabulary, abstract concepts, and complex sentence structure.
La rigueur méthodologique dans la constitution d'un corpus d'échantillons textuels est sine qua non pour toute analyse linguistique exhaustive.
Methodological rigor in the constitution of a corpus of textual samples is essential for any exhaustive linguistic analysis.
Latin phrases, abstract nouns, and specialized academic terminology.
La préservation ex situ d'échantillons génétiques rares constitue une stratégie fondamentale pour la sauvegarde de la biodiversité face aux menaces anthropiques.
The ex situ preservation of rare genetic samples constitutes a fundamental strategy for the safeguarding of biodiversity against anthropogenic threats.
Latin phrases, specialized scientific vocabulary, and complex noun phrases.
L'épistémologie des sciences expérimentales interroge la nature même de la connaissance acquise à partir d'échantillons, souvent limités et potentiellement biaisés.
The epistemology of experimental sciences questions the very nature of knowledge acquired from samples, often limited and potentially biased.
Philosophical terminology, abstract concepts, and participial adjectives.
La réplication des expériences à partir d'échantillons indépendants est un pilier de la reproductibilité scientifique, garantissant la robustesse des découvertes.
The replication of experiments from independent samples is a pillar of scientific reproducibility, guaranteeing the robustness of discoveries.
Academic vocabulary, abstract nouns, and participial phrases.
L'analyse comparative d'échantillons sédimentaires issus de sites distincts permet de reconstituer les paléoenvironnements et d'inférer les changements climatiques passés.
The comparative analysis of sedimentary samples from distinct sites allows for the reconstruction of paleoenvironments and the inference of past climate changes.
Specialized scientific vocabulary, complex noun phrases, and infinitive clauses.
La problématique de l'échantillonnage non aléatoire dans les sciences sociales soulève des questions fondamentales sur la généralisation des conclusions aux populations cibles.
The issue of non-random sampling in social sciences raises fundamental questions about the generalization of conclusions to target populations.
Specialized terminology, abstract concepts, and complex noun phrases.
L'exploitation commerciale d'échantillons génétiques soulève d'importantes questions éthiques et juridiques relatives à la propriété intellectuelle et au consentement éclairé.
The commercial exploitation of genetic samples raises significant ethical and legal questions regarding intellectual property and informed consent.
Legal and ethical terminology, abstract nouns, and complex prepositional phrases.
近义词
反义词
常见搭配
常用短语
— To take a sample. This is a very common phrase used in medical, scientific, and research contexts.
Le médecin va prendre un échantillon de votre peau.
— A sample of... Used to specify what the sample is from.
Pouvez-vous me donner un échantillon de ce tissu ?
— To receive a sample. Often used when businesses send out samples to potential customers.
J'ai reçu un échantillon de la nouvelle crème hydratante.
— To analyze a sample. Essential in laboratories and research settings.
Nous devons analyser cet échantillon de sol pour en connaître la composition.
— Free sample. Very common in marketing and retail.
Les magasins offrent souvent des échantillons gratuits de leurs produits.
— Representative sample. Crucial in statistics and research to ensure findings apply to the whole population.
Il est vital d'obtenir un échantillon représentatif de la population étudiée.
— To collect or take a sample. A slightly more formal or technical term than 'prendre'.
Le biologiste a prélevé un échantillon d'eau de rivière.
— To test a sample. Directly relates to the purpose of collecting samples.
Il faut tester cet échantillon pour vérifier sa pureté.
— A batch of samples. Refers to multiple samples collected or processed together.
Nous avons reçu un lot d'échantillons de peintures hier.
— The sample size. An important consideration in research and statistics.
La taille de l'échantillon est suffisante pour cette étude.
容易混淆的词
'Exemple' is an abstract illustration or case, while 'échantillon' is a physical quantity taken for testing. You analyze an 'échantillon' of blood, but you give an 'exemple' of good behavior.
Very similar, often interchangeable, especially in scientific contexts. 'Spécimen' can sometimes imply a more unique or rare item collected for study or display, whereas 'échantillon' is more general for any quantity taken.
'Portion' is simply a part of something (especially food), not necessarily taken for testing or representativeness. An 'échantillon' is always taken with a purpose of analysis or demonstration.
容易混淆
Both refer to something that represents a larger entity.
'Exemple' is an abstract illustration or a typical case used to explain an idea or rule. 'Échantillon' is a physical quantity taken from a larger whole for testing, analysis, or demonstration. You wouldn't test an 'exemple' of a chemical; you'd test an 'échantillon'.
Voici un <strong>exemple</strong> de phrase. / J'ai besoin d'un <strong>échantillon</strong> de ce liquide.
Both are types of samples taken for study.
'Échantillon' is a general term for any small quantity taken to represent a larger whole, often for routine testing or commercial purposes. 'Spécimen' is often used for biological, geological, or rare items collected for scientific study, museum display, or detailed analysis, implying a particular interest in its unique characteristics or as a representative of a species.
Le laboratoire a besoin d'un <strong>échantillon</strong> de sang. / Le chercheur a collecté un <strong>spécimen</strong> unique de plante.
Both refer to a part of something.
'Portion' refers to a share or a serving, commonly used for food, meaning a part of a meal. While an 'échantillon' is a type of portion, 'portion' does not inherently imply representativeness or a purpose of testing. You eat a 'portion' of cake, but you analyze an 'échantillon' of cake batter.
J'ai mangé une grosse <strong>portion</strong> de lasagnes. / Le pâtissier a goûté un <strong>échantillon</strong> de la pâte à gâteau.
Closely related, as 'prélèvement' is the act of obtaining an 'échantillon'.
'Prélèvement' is the noun for the action or process of taking a sample (e.g., a blood draw, a soil collection). 'Échantillon' is the actual sample that has been taken. You perform a 'prélèvement' to get an 'échantillon'.
Le <strong>prélèvement</strong> a été effectué avec succès. / L'<strong>échantillon</strong> est maintenant prêt pour l'analyse.
Both relate to amounts of something.
'Quantité' is a general term for the amount or quantity of something, whether large or small. 'Échantillon' specifically refers to a small, representative quantity taken from a larger amount for a particular purpose (testing, analysis). You might measure the 'quantité' of a substance, but you take an 'échantillon' of it.
Quelle est la <strong>quantité</strong> de sucre nécessaire ? / J'ai besoin d'un <strong>échantillon</strong> de cette poudre.
句型
Je veux un échantillon.
Je veux un échantillon de ce gâteau.
Le docteur a pris un échantillon de [substance].
Le docteur a pris un échantillon de mon sang.
Pouvez-vous me donner un échantillon de [produit] ?
Pouvez-vous me donner un échantillon de ce parfum ?
Il faut analyser cet échantillon pour savoir...
Il faut analyser cet échantillon pour savoir si le produit est sûr.
Avant de [verbe], j'ai reçu un échantillon.
Avant de commander, j'ai reçu un échantillon de tissu.
La qualité de l'échantillon est cruciale pour [raison].
La qualité de l'échantillon est cruciale pour la fiabilité des résultats.
Les scientifiques étudient un échantillon de [sujet] pour comprendre...
Les scientifiques étudient un échantillon de glace ancienne pour comprendre le climat passé.
La représentativité de l'échantillon détermine la validité de [résultat].
La représentativité de l'échantillon détermine la validité des conclusions de l'étude.
词族
名词
动词
形容词
相关
如何使用
High
-
Using 'une échantillon' instead of 'un échantillon'.
→
un échantillon
'Échantillon' is a masculine noun, so it requires the masculine article 'un' and masculine agreement for adjectives.
-
Confusing 'échantillon' with 'exemple'.
→
Use 'échantillon' for a physical sample for testing; use 'exemple' for an abstract illustration or case.
'Échantillon' refers to a physical quantity taken for analysis (e.g., blood sample), while 'exemple' is a typical instance or illustration of an idea (e.g., an example of good behavior).
-
Forgetting the 's' in the plural: 'trois échantillon' instead of 'trois échantillons'.
→
trois échantillons
The plural form of 'échantillon' is 'échantillons'. Always add the 's' when referring to more than one sample.
-
Pronouncing nasal vowels ('an', 'on') as English vowels.
→
Pronounce with nasal airflow.
The French nasal vowels in 'échantillon' require air to pass through the nose. Listen to native speakers and practice the distinct sounds.
-
Using 'échantillon' for abstract concepts where 'exemple' or 'représentant' would be better.
→
Use 'exemple' or 'représentant' for abstract ideas or typical cases.
While 'échantillon' can refer to a sample of people in research, it's generally used for physical quantities. For abstract concepts like 'a typical person', 'exemple' or 'représentant' is more appropriate.
小贴士
Master the Nasals
The nasal sounds in 'échantillon' ('an' and 'on') are crucial for correct pronunciation. Practice making these sounds by allowing air to pass through your nose as you pronounce the vowel. Listen to native speakers and try to imitate them.
Masculine Noun Rule
Remember that 'échantillon' is a masculine noun. This means you must use masculine articles ('un', 'le') and demonstratives ('ce', 'cet') and ensure any adjectives agree in the masculine form. Forgetting this is a common mistake for learners.
Sample vs. Example
Don't confuse 'échantillon' (physical sample for testing) with 'exemple' (abstract illustration or case). If you're talking about a physical quantity taken for analysis, use 'échantillon'. If you're giving a typical instance to explain something, use 'exemple'.
Visual Association
Create a mental image: picture a scientist carefully collecting a tiny amount of liquid from a large vat into a small vial. The vial represents the 'échantillon', and the vat is the whole. Associate this image with the word 'échantillon'.
Sentence Building
Practice writing sentences using 'échantillon' in different contexts. Try to use it with various verbs like 'prendre', 'analyser', 'donner', and specify what the sample is from using 'de'.
Commercial Samples
Be aware that 'échantillon gratuit' (free sample) is a very common marketing tactic in French-speaking countries, especially for perfumes, cosmetics, and food. Recognizing this context will help you understand casual conversations.
Know Your Alternatives
While 'échantillon' is versatile, familiarize yourself with similar words like 'spécimen' (often for scientific/rare items) and 'prélèvement' (the act of sampling) to express yourself with more precision.
Forming the Plural
The plural of 'échantillon' is 'échantillons'. Remember to add the 's' when referring to more than one sample. For example, 'J'ai reçu trois échantillons'.
Listen and Repeat
Actively listen for 'échantillon' in French media (movies, podcasts, news). Try to repeat the sentences you hear to improve your fluency and pronunciation.
记住它
记忆技巧
Imagine someone named 'Sean' who is a 'pilot' ('-pillon') and always wants a small 'sample' ('échantillon') of your drink before he flies. So, Sean the pilot wants a sample.
视觉联想
Picture a scientist carefully placing a tiny drop of colorful liquid from a large beaker into a small test tube. The test tube represents the 'échantillon', and the large beaker is the whole. Add a label 'Sean's Sample' to the test tube.
Word Web
挑战
Try to describe five different situations where you might encounter or use an 'échantillon' in French. For each, write a short sentence using the word.
词源
The word 'échantillon' originates from the Old French word 'eschanter', meaning 'to exchange' or 'to barter'. This verb itself likely came from a Germanic root related to sharing or dividing.
原始含义： The original sense was related to the act of exchanging small portions, perhaps of goods or coins, as part of a transaction or to test quality.
Indo-European > Germanic > West Germanic > Old French文化背景
When dealing with medical or biological samples, maintain a respectful and professional tone. In commercial contexts, the offering of samples is generally a positive interaction.
The English word 'sample' is a very close cognate and carries a similar meaning, often used in the same contexts (medical, scientific, commercial).
在生活中练习
真实语境
Medical Diagnosis
- échantillon de sang
- échantillon d'urine
- échantillon de tissu
- prélever un échantillon
Scientific Research
- échantillon de sol
- échantillon d'eau
- échantillon de cellules
- analyser un échantillon
Retail and Marketing
- échantillon gratuit
- échantillon de parfum
- échantillon de tissu
- demander un échantillon
Quality Control
- échantillon de produit
- tester un échantillon
- contrôle qualité
General Usage
- un petit échantillon
- un échantillon de quelque chose
- goûter un échantillon
对话开场白
"Have you ever received a free sample of a product you really liked?"
"What kind of samples do you often see in stores where you live?"
"If you were a scientist, what kind of sample would you be most interested in collecting?"
"Imagine you are a doctor. What is the most common type of sample you would request from a patient?"
"What's the difference between a sample and an example in French?"
日记主题
Describe a time you received an 'échantillon' of something that made you want to buy the full product. What was it and why did you like it?
Write about a situation where a doctor or lab technician asked for an 'échantillon'. What was it for, and how did you feel about it?
Imagine you are designing a new product. How would you use 'échantillons' to get feedback from potential customers?
Think about a scientific study. What makes a good 'échantillon' in that context? What could go wrong if the 'échantillon' isn't good?
If you could offer an 'échantillon' of anything in the world (not just a product), what would it be and why?
常见问题
10 个问题The key difference lies in their nature: 'exemple' is an abstract illustration or case (like a typical person or a situation), used to clarify an idea or rule. 'Échantillon', on the other hand, is a physical, tangible quantity taken from a larger whole for testing, analysis, or demonstration. For instance, you might give an 'exemple' of how to use a tool, but you would take an 'échantillon' of paint to test its color. You analyze an 'échantillon' of blood, but you give an 'exemple' of good behavior.
While often interchangeable, 'échantillon' is a more general term for any small quantity taken from a larger whole for analysis or testing. 'Spécimen' is frequently used in scientific and medical contexts, particularly for biological, geological, or rare items collected for detailed study, museum display, or as a unique representative of a species or phenomenon. If you're getting a routine blood test, it's an 'échantillon'. If a paleontologist finds a unique fossil to study, it's a 'spécimen'.
Yes, 'échantillon' can refer to a sample of people in statistical or research contexts. For example, 'un échantillon de la population' means a sample of the population. This sample is chosen to represent the characteristics of the larger population being studied. In this case, it's about selecting a representative group, not a physical quantity of individuals.
'Échantillon gratuit' translates to 'free sample'. This is a very common phrase in marketing and retail. Businesses offer free samples of products like perfume, cosmetics, food, or drinks so that potential customers can try them before deciding to buy the full-sized product.
The plural of 'échantillon' is 'échantillons'. You simply add an 's' to the end. For example, 'un échantillon' (one sample) becomes 'des échantillons' (some samples) or 'les échantillons' (the samples).
'Échantillon' is a masculine noun. This means you use masculine articles and adjectives with it. For example, you would say 'un échantillon' (a sample), 'le petit échantillon' (the small sample), or 'cet échantillon intéressant' (this interesting sample).
Both phrases mean 'to take a sample'. 'Prendre un échantillon' is more general and commonly used in everyday language. 'Prélever un échantillon' is slightly more formal and technical, often used in medical or scientific contexts, emphasizing the act of collecting or drawing out the sample.
While 'échantillon' can technically refer to a small part of something, it's not the most common word for a piece of text. For text, 'extrait' (extract) or 'fragment' are more frequently used. However, in certain specialized linguistic analyses, you might refer to an 'échantillon' of text for study.
A 'representative sample' in French is called an 'échantillon représentatif'. This is crucial in statistics and research, meaning the sample accurately reflects the characteristics of the larger population or group from which it was drawn.
In cooking, 'échantillon' might refer to a small taste of a sauce, batter, or finished dish that the chef takes to check seasoning or consistency before serving. For example, 'Le chef a goûté un échantillon de sa sauce pour vérifier le sel.'
自我测试 10 个问题
/ 10 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
An 'échantillon' is a small, representative portion of a larger whole, primarily used for testing, analysis, or demonstration. It's crucial in fields like medicine and science where a sample must accurately reflect the characteristics of the entire group or substance.
- A small representative quantity taken for testing or display.
- Used in medical, scientific, and commercial contexts.
- Think of it as a sample or specimen.
- Must accurately reflect the larger whole.
Context is Key
Always pay attention to the context when you encounter 'échantillon'. Is it being used in a medical setting (blood sample), a retail setting (perfume sample), or a scientific setting (soil sample)? This will help you understand its precise meaning.
Master the Nasals
The nasal sounds in 'échantillon' ('an' and 'on') are crucial for correct pronunciation. Practice making these sounds by allowing air to pass through your nose as you pronounce the vowel. Listen to native speakers and try to imitate them.
Masculine Noun Rule
Remember that 'échantillon' is a masculine noun. This means you must use masculine articles ('un', 'le') and demonstratives ('ce', 'cet') and ensure any adjectives agree in the masculine form. Forgetting this is a common mistake for learners.
Sample vs. Example
Don't confuse 'échantillon' (physical sample for testing) with 'exemple' (abstract illustration or case). If you're talking about a physical quantity taken for analysis, use 'échantillon'. If you're giving a typical instance to explain something, use 'exemple'.
相关内容
更多health词汇
à condition de
B1On condition that; provided that.
à court terme
B1短期的；指在不久的将来。
à jeun
B1空腹时；饭前。这通常是在医学检查或手术前要求的。
à l'abri
B1Sheltered; safe from danger or harm.
à l'aide de
A2在...的帮助下，借助...。
à l'encontre de
B1违反；与……相反（例如建议、规则）。
à l'hôpital
B1Located or being in a hospital.
à long terme
B1长期的；指在较长一段时间内发生或计划的事物。
à risque
B1处于危险之中或有风险的。
à titre
B1这个短语的意思是“作为”或“以……的身份”。它常用于正式或商务场合。
