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A2 verb 10分钟阅读

irriter

开始练习例句笔记与提示 irriter 30秒了解

解析 irriter in your Level:

At the A1 level, you should understand 'irriter' in its simplest form: making someone a little bit angry or making skin feel bad. Think of it as a step above 'pas content'. You will mostly see it in very simple sentences about physical feelings, like 'Le savon irrite mes yeux' (The soap irritates my eyes). At this stage, don't worry about complex grammar; just remember that it is a regular verb ending in -er, conjugated just like 'parler' or 'habiter'. If you want to say something is annoying, you can use it, but keep your sentences short. Focus on the direct cause and the direct effect. It is a useful word to know when you need to explain a small problem to a doctor or a friend, especially if something is making you uncomfortable physically or mentally.

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At the A2 level, you can start using 'irriter' to describe everyday frustrations. You are now able to talk about things that bother you in your daily routine, like traffic, noise, or certain habits of people around you. You should be comfortable with the basic past tense (passé composé): 'Cela m'a irrité' (That irritated me). You also begin to see the difference between 'irriter' and 'énerver'. While 'énerver' is what you say to your friends, 'irriter' is a bit more polite and precise. You might use it in a short email or a polite conversation. For example, 'Le bruit des travaux m'irrite' (The construction noise irritates me). You should also recognize the adjective 'irrité' (irritated) and how it changes to match the gender and number of what it describes (un œil irrité, des peaux irritées).

By B1, you should be able to use 'irriter' to express opinions and describe more complex emotions. You are moving beyond simple physical reactions to discussing social interactions and personal feelings. You should start using the reflexive form 's'irriter' (to become irritated) and know which prepositions follow it. For instance, 'Je m'irrite de son manque de ponctualité' (I get irritated by his lack of punctuality). You can also use it in the conditional to express a hypothetical annoyance: 'Cela m'irriterait si tu ne venais pas' (It would irritate me if you didn't come). At this level, you are expected to handle the nuances of the word in a variety of contexts, including work and social life, and to understand it when you hear it in news reports or read it in articles.

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At the B2 level, you should have a firm grasp of 'irriter' in all its forms, including more formal and abstract usages. You can use it to describe societal tensions, political friction, or complex psychological states. You understand that 'irriter' can be used metaphorically, such as 'irriter une blessure' (to rub salt in a wound/aggravate a situation). Your vocabulary should now include synonyms like 'agacer' and 'exaspérer', and you should know exactly when to choose 'irriter' for the right level of formality and intensity. You can use the subjunctive with it in complex sentences: 'Il est dommage que cela t'irrite' (It's a shame that it irritates you). You are also capable of following a fast-paced debate where speakers might use 's'irriter' to describe the growing tension between two parties.

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At the C1 level, you use 'irriter' with the precision of a native speaker. You are aware of its literary overtones and can use it in formal writing to describe subtle provocations. You can distinguish between the physiological 'irriter' (stimulation of a nerve or tissue) and the psychological 'irriter' in academic or professional texts. You might use the word in an analysis of a text: 'L'auteur cherche à irriter le lecteur pour provoquer une réflexion' (The author seeks to irritate the reader to provoke reflection). You are comfortable with all tenses, including the 'passé simple' if reading literature, and you can use the word in sophisticated structures like 'n'être pas sans irriter' (to not be without irritating, meaning it definitely irritates).

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At the C2 level, 'irriter' is a tool for nuanced expression. You understand its historical roots and how its meaning has shifted from purely physical provocation to a wide range of emotional states. You can use it in high-level discourse, such as philosophical or medical discussions, where the exact nature of an 'irritant' must be defined. You can play with the word's polysemy, using it in puns or complex metaphors. You are also sensitive to the register shifts; you know that using 'irriter' in a very casual setting might sound slightly clinical or overly formal, and you can adjust your speech accordingly. You can analyze the 'irritabilité' (irritability) of a biological system or the 'caractère irritant' of a legal clause with equal ease.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

irriter 30秒了解

Irriter means to annoy someone or cause physical inflammation to skin or eyes.
It is a regular -er verb used in both daily social life and medical contexts.
Commonly confused with 'énerver', but 'irriter' is slightly more formal and precise.
Reflexive form 's'irriter' describes the act of becoming angry or becoming inflamed.

The French verb irriter is a versatile term that bridges the gap between physical sensation and emotional state. At its core, it describes a process of provocation or disturbance. Whether you are dealing with a scratchy wool sweater that makes your skin red or a colleague whose constant whistling disrupts your concentration, irriter is the word you need. It is a regular -er verb, making it one of the first verbs learners master in terms of conjugation, yet its nuances require a bit more attention to use like a native speaker.

Emotional Annoyance: In a psychological context, to irritate someone means to prick at their patience. It is often used for repeated actions that eventually wear down a person's composure. It is slightly more formal than 'énerver' but less intense than 'exaspérer'.

Son attitude hautaine finit par m' irriter profondément.

Translation: His haughty attitude ends up irritating me deeply.

Physical Inflammation: Physically, the word refers to the inflammation or sensitivity of a body part, usually the skin, throat, or eyes. If you spend too much time in a chlorinated pool, the water might 'irriter' your eyes.

La fumée de cigarette peut irriter les poumons des non-fumeurs.

Translation: Cigarette smoke can irritate the lungs of non-smokers.

In daily French life, you will encounter this word in news reports discussing political tensions (où les esprits s'irritent), in medical consultations regarding allergies, and in social settings when discussing personality clashes. It is a foundational word because it captures that specific middle ground of discomfort—not yet a full-blown crisis, but certainly no longer peaceful. Understanding the distinction between the physical 'irriter' and the mental 'irriter' is key to achieving B1 and B2 level fluency, as it allows you to describe both your health and your social environment with precision.

Common Contexts: Commonly paired with adverbs like 'facilement' (easily) or 'profondément' (deeply), and often used in the passive voice ('être irrité par') to describe one's reaction to an external stimulus.

Il s'irrite pour un rien quand il est fatigué.

Translation: He gets irritated over nothing when he is tired.

Ce savon contient des produits qui peuvent irriter les peaux sensibles.

Translation: This soap contains products that can irritate sensitive skin.

Le retard constant des trains finit par irriter les usagers.

Translation: The constant delay of trains ends up irritating the users.

Using irriter correctly involves understanding its grammatical structures. As a transitive verb, it requires an object—the person or thing being affected. However, it also appears frequently in the pronominal form s'irriter, which describes the subject's internal state of becoming annoyed or the physiological process of becoming inflamed. This dual nature makes it a powerful tool for describing both cause and effect in a single word.

Direct Transitive Use: Here, the subject is the cause of the irritation, and the direct object is the recipient. Example: 'Le bruit irrite le bébé' (The noise irritates the baby).

Tes remarques constantes commencent à m'irriter.

Translation: Your constant remarks are starting to irritate me.

Reflexive Use (Internal State): When you use 's'irriter', you are focusing on the person feeling the emotion. It is often followed by the preposition 'contre' (against) or 'de' (about/at). Example: 'Il s'irrite contre l'injustice' (He gets angry at injustice).

Elle s'irrite de voir que rien ne change.

Translation: She gets irritated seeing that nothing changes.

In terms of tense, irriter follows the standard pattern for -er verbs. In the passé composé, it uses the auxiliary 'avoir' for the transitive sense ('Cela m'a irrité') and 'être' for the reflexive sense ('Je me suis irrité'). When describing a physical condition in the past, you might use the imperfect to set the scene: 'Sa peau était irritée par le soleil' (Her skin was irritated by the sun). This passive construction is very common in medical and descriptive writing.

Passive Construction: Used to emphasize the state of the person or thing. 'Être irrité' is often used as an adjective phrase. Example: 'Je suis très irrité par ton retard' (I am very irritated by your lateness).

Mes yeux sont irrités à cause du pollen.

Translation: My eyes are irritated because of pollen.

Ne l'irritez pas davantage avec vos questions.

Translation: Do not irritate him further with your questions.

La gorge peut s'irriter si on parle trop fort.

Translation: The throat can become irritated if one speaks too loudly.

You will encounter irriter across various domains of French life, ranging from the domestic to the professional. In a clinical setting, such as a pharmacy or a doctor's office, it is the standard term for inflammation. Pharmacists will ask if a cream 'irrite la peau' or if a cough 'irrite la gorge'. It is a precise, technical yet accessible word that everyone understands. In this context, it is devoid of emotional weight and strictly describes a biological reaction.

Medical and Hygiene: Commonly seen on product packaging for soaps, detergents, and skincare. Labels might say 'n'irrite pas les yeux' (does not irritate the eyes) or 'pour peaux irritées' (for irritated skin).

Ce produit est testé pour ne pas irriter l'épiderme.

Translation: This product is tested not to irritate the skin.

In the realm of social commentary and media, irriter is used to describe the friction between different groups or the public's reaction to government policies. News headlines might read 'La nouvelle taxe irrite les commerçants' (The new tax irritates shopkeepers). Here, it implies a collective sense of being bothered or provoked. It suggests a level of frustration that could lead to protest or debate. Journalists prefer 'irriter' because it sounds more objective and analytical than the more emotional 'énerver'.

Journalism and Politics: Used to describe diplomatic tensions or public dissatisfaction. 'Le ton du discours a irrité l'opposition' (The tone of the speech irritated the opposition).

Les propos du ministre ont fini par irriter ses propres alliés.

Translation: The minister's words ended up irritating his own allies.

Finally, in literature and cinema, irriter is used to build character tension. A character might be described as having an 'humeur irritée' (an irritable mood), signaling to the reader that a conflict is brewing. It is a subtle way of showing, rather than telling, that a character is on edge. In dubbed movies or French series, you might hear a character say 'Ne m'irrite pas!' as a warning when someone is pushing their buttons.

Sa voix stridente commençait à irriter tout le voisinage.

Translation: Her shrill voice was starting to irritate the whole neighborhood.

Il est facile d'irriter un homme qui n'a pas dormi.

Translation: It is easy to irritate a man who hasn't slept.

La pollution de l'air irrite souvent les yeux des citadins.

Translation: Air pollution often irritates the eyes of city dwellers.

One of the most common pitfalls for English speakers learning irriter is confusing it with its synonyms or failing to recognize its dual physical/emotional nature. While 'irriter' and 'irritate' are cognates and share most meanings, the way they are deployed in French sentences follows specific grammatical rules that differ from English. Understanding these nuances will prevent you from sounding like a direct translation machine.

Confusion with 'Énerver': Many learners use 'irriter' when 'énerver' would be more natural. 'Énerver' is more common in spoken, informal French to mean 'to annoy' or 'to get on one's nerves'. 'Irriter' is slightly more formal and often implies a more intellectual or physical provocation.

Tu m'énerves ! (Common) vs Tu m'irrites ! (More formal/stiff).

Translation: You're annoying me!

Preposition Errors: When using the reflexive 's'irriter', learners often forget which preposition to use. It is 's'irriter contre quelqu'un' (to get irritated with someone) or 's'irriter de quelque chose' (to get irritated at something). Using 'avec' is a common anglicism.

Il s'irrite de votre lenteur (Correct) vs Il s'irrite avec votre lenteur (Incorrect).

Translation: He gets irritated at your slowness.

Another mistake involves the passive voice. English speakers often say 'I am irritated' to mean they are currently annoyed. In French, 'Je suis irrité' can mean you are annoyed, but without a context, it might also sound like you have a skin rash. To specify emotional irritation, it is often better to use 'Cela m'irrite' (That irritates me) or 'Je commence à être irrité par...' (I'm starting to be irritated by...).

Misusing the Adjective 'Irritant': In English, 'irritating' is used for almost anything annoying. In French, 'irritant' is often reserved for substances (produit irritant) or very specific behaviors. For a person, 'agaçant' or 'pénible' is usually preferred.

C'est un bruit irritant pour les oreilles.

Translation: It is an irritating noise for the ears.

L'air sec peut irriter les muqueuses.

Translation: Dry air can irritate the mucous membranes.

Elle s'irrite quand on l'interrompt.

Translation: She gets irritated when people interrupt her.

French is a language rich in synonyms for annoyance, each carrying a slightly different weight or register. While irriter is a great all-rounder, knowing when to swap it for 'agacer', 'énerver', or 'exaspérer' will make your French sound much more natural and precise. These alternatives allow you to scale your level of frustration accurately.

Agacer vs Irriter: 'Agacer' is generally lighter. It's like a fly buzzing around your head—annoying but not necessarily painful. 'Irriter' is sharper and suggests a deeper level of provocation or a physical reaction.

Le tic-tac de l'horloge m'agace.

Translation: The ticking of the clock is annoying me.

Énerver vs Irriter: 'Énerver' is the most common word in daily life. It literally means to get on one's nerves. It is more emotional and less formal than 'irriter'. If a friend is late, you are 'énervé'. If a political decision is bad, you are 'irrité'.

Cesse d'énerver ton frère !

Translation: Stop annoying your brother!

When the irritation reaches its peak, you move to 'exaspérer'. This word implies that you have reached the limit of your patience. It is much stronger than 'irriter'. On the physical side, if 'irriter' isn't strong enough to describe skin damage, you might use 'enflammer' (to inflame) or 'brûler' (to burn). Choosing the right word depends entirely on the intensity of the situation.

Exaspérer: The 'final boss' of annoyance verbs. It means to drive someone to the point of despair or total loss of patience.

Son indécision finit par m'exaspérer.

Translation: His indecision is driving me crazy.

Le sel peut irriter une plaie ouverte.

Translation: Salt can irritate an open wound.

Il ne faut pas irriter davantage la situation politique.

Translation: We must not further irritate the political situation.

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

In ancient medical texts, 'irriter' was used to describe stimulating a muscle or nerve to see if it would react, long before it became a common word for being 'annoyed'.

发音指南

UK /i.ʁi.te/

US /i.ri.te/

In French, stress is usually on the last syllable: irri-TÉ.

押韵词

chanter parler manger aimer danser aller donner été

常见错误

Pronouncing the final 'r' (it is silent in -er verbs).
Using an English 'r' instead of the French 'r'.
Making the 'i' sound like the 'i' in 'it' (should be like 'ee').
Confusing the pronunciation with the English 'irritate'.
Forgetting to pronounce the 't' clearly.

难度评级

阅读 2/5

Easy to recognize due to the English cognate.

写作 3/5

Requires knowledge of -er verb endings and reflexive pronouns.

口语 3/5

Guttural 'r' can be tricky for beginners.

听力 2/5

Clear pronunciation in most contexts.

接下来学什么

前置知识

aimer parler peau colère bruit

接下来学习

agacer énerver exaspérer inflammation sensible

高级

irritabilité récalcitrant acerbe urticaire

需要掌握的语法

Regular -er verb conjugation

Je m'irrite, tu t'irrites, il s'irrite...

Reflexive verbs in Passé Composé

Je me suis irrité (uses être).

Direct object pronouns

Cela m'irrite (m' is the object).

Adjective agreement

Une gorge irritée (feminine agreement).

Prepositions with emotions

S'irriter contre/de.

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按水平分级的例句

Le savon irrite mes yeux.

The soap irritates my eyes.

Present tense, 3rd person singular.

Ce bruit m'irrite.

This noise irritates me.

Direct object pronoun 'm'' (me).

La laine irrite la peau.

Wool irritates the skin.

General statement using the definite article 'la'.

Il est irrité.

He is irritated.

Adjective form 'irrité' matching the subject 'il'.

Pourquoi es-tu irrité ?

Why are you irritated?

Question with inversion or 'est-ce que'.

Le soleil irrite ma peau.

The sun irritates my skin.

Possessive adjective 'ma'.

Elle n'aime pas irriter les gens.

She doesn't like to irritate people.

Infinitive after 'aimer'.

Le chat irrite le chien.

The cat irritates the dog.

Subject-Verb-Object structure.

Sa façon de parler m'a irrité.

His way of speaking irritated me.

Passé composé with 'avoir'.

Ne m'irrite pas, s'il te plaît.

Don't irritate me, please.

Imperative negative.

Mes yeux sont irrités par la fumée.

My eyes are irritated by the smoke.

Passive voice with 'par'.

Cette étiquette irrite mon cou.

This label irritates my neck.

Specific body part 'mon cou'.

Il s'irrite facilement le matin.

He gets irritated easily in the morning.

Reflexive verb 's'irriter'.

Les moustiques m'irritent beaucoup.

Mosquitoes irritate me a lot.

Plural subject.

Je suis irritée contre lui.

I am irritated with him.

Adjective matching feminine subject.

Ce médicament peut irriter l'estomac.

This medicine can irritate the stomach.

Modal verb 'peut' + infinitive.

Il s'irrite de tes retards fréquents.

He is getting irritated by your frequent lateness.

Reflexive verb with preposition 'de'.

Cette situation commence à m'irriter sérieusement.

This situation is starting to seriously irritate me.

Adverb 'sérieusement' modifying the verb.

Si tu continues, tu vas l'irriter.

If you continue, you are going to irritate him.

Futur proche.

Elle s'est irritée contre la décision du juge.

She got irritated at the judge's decision.

Passé composé of a reflexive verb.

Il est important de ne pas irriter la plaie.

It is important not to irritate the wound.

Infinitive in a 'il est... de' construction.

Je m'irrite chaque fois qu'il ment.

I get irritated every time he lies.

Reflexive present tense.

Le sel irrite les coupures sur les mains.

Salt irritates cuts on the hands.

Scientific/General fact.

Son arrogance finit par irriter tout le monde.

His arrogance ends up irritating everyone.

Verb 'finir par' + infinitive.

Le manque de transparence irrite les investisseurs.

The lack of transparency irritates investors.

Abstract subject 'le manque de transparence'.

Il s'est irrité de ne pas avoir été prévenu.

He was irritated at not having been warned.

Reflexive + past infinitive.

Cette pollution irrite les voies respiratoires.

This pollution irritates the respiratory tracts.

Technical term 'voies respiratoires'.

Bien que cela m'irrite, je resterai calme.

Although it irritates me, I will stay calm.

Conjunction 'bien que' + subjunctive.

Les nouvelles mesures irritent la population locale.

The new measures irritate the local population.

Collective noun 'population'.

Son ton condescendant a fini par m'irriter.

His condescending tone ended up irritating me.

Adjective 'condescendant' describing the cause.

Il s'irrite contre lui-même pour avoir échoué.

He is irritated with himself for having failed.

Reflexive with 'contre lui-même'.

Cette crème est conçue pour ne pas irriter les peaux sensibles.

This cream is designed not to irritate sensitive skin.

Passive 'est conçue pour'.

Son mutisme prolongé finit par irriter ses interlocuteurs.

His prolonged silence ends up irritating his interlocutors.

Sophisticated vocabulary 'mutisme', 'interlocuteurs'.

Le contact prolongé avec ce produit peut irriter l'épiderme.

Prolonged contact with this product can irritate the skin.

Formal term 'épiderme'.

Il n'est pas sans s'irriter de cette situation kafkaïenne.

He is not without being irritated by this Kafkaesque situation.

Double negation for emphasis.

L'injustice sociale ne cesse d'irriter la conscience publique.

Social injustice never ceases to irritate the public conscience.

Metaphorical use of 'irriter'.

Son esprit s'irrite à la moindre contradiction.

His mind gets irritated at the slightest contradiction.

Subject is 'son esprit' (his mind).

Ces frottements répétés finissent par irriter la fibre textile.

These repeated frictions end up irritating (fraying) the textile fiber.

Technical use in materials science.

Elle s'irrita de l'indifférence générale.

She became irritated by the general indifference.

Passé simple (literary).

L'usage de termes archaïques peut irriter certains lecteurs.

The use of archaic terms can irritate some readers.

Subject is a complex phrase.

La persistance de ce paradigme irrite les cercles académiques.

The persistence of this paradigm irritates academic circles.

Academic register.

L'agent pathogène irrite les tissus cellulaires de manière irréversible.

The pathogen irritates cellular tissues irreversibly.

Scientific/Medical register.

S'irriter de l'inévitable est une perte de temps.

Getting irritated by the inevitable is a waste of time.

Infinitive as a subject.

Le texte, par son ambiguïté, irrite volontairement le lecteur.

The text, through its ambiguity, deliberately irritates the reader.

Stylistic analysis.

Il s'irrita que l'on pût ainsi bafouer ses principes.

He was irritated that his principles could be flouted in such a way.

Subjunctive imperfect (highly literary).

Cette dissonance cognitive irrite profondément le sujet de l'étude.

This cognitive dissonance deeply irritates the subject of the study.

Psychological register.

La rugosité du matériau irrite les capteurs sensoriels.

The roughness of the material irritates the sensory sensors.

Technical/Engineering context.

Son discours, bien qu'érudit, ne fit qu'irriter l'auditoire.

His speech, although scholarly, only served to irritate the audience.

Restriction 'ne... que'.

常见搭配

irriter la peau

irriter les yeux

s'irriter contre

irriter la gorge

profondément irrité

agent irritant

facilement irrité

irriter les nerfs

irriter une plaie

irriter l'opposition

常用短语

C'est irritant.

— It is annoying/irritating.

Ce petit sifflement, c'est irritant.

Ne m'irrite pas !

— Don't push my buttons / Don't annoy me.

Je suis déjà fatigué, ne m'irrite pas !

Une gorge irritée

— A sore/irritated throat.

J'ai la gorge irritée à cause du froid.

S'irriter pour un rien

— To get annoyed over nothing.

Il est stressé et s'irrite pour un rien.

Un produit irritant

— An irritating product (for skin/eyes).

Attention, c'est un produit irritant.

Être irrité par le bruit

— To be annoyed by the noise.

Les voisins sont irrités par le bruit.

Irriter les esprits

— To stir up trouble or cause collective anger.

Ses paroles ont fini par irriter les esprits.

Une peau facilement irritée

— Skin that gets irritated easily.

J'utilise ce savon pour ma peau facilement irritée.

Irriter la sensibilité de quelqu'un

— To offend someone's sensitivity.

Il faut éviter d'irriter sa sensibilité.

Un ton irrité

— An annoyed tone of voice.

Elle m'a répondu d'un ton irrité.

容易混淆的词

irriter vs Énerver

Énerver is more common for 'getting on someone's nerves' in a casual way.

irriter vs Agacer

Agacer is for light, pesky annoyances like a fly.

irriter vs Fâcher

Fâcher is stronger, meaning 'to make someone angry'.

习语与表达

"Irriter le poil"

— To annoy someone (similar to 'rubbing the wrong way').

Cette remarque lui a irrité le poil.

informal

"Irriter la bile"

— To make someone very angry (archaic/literary).

Cela lui irrite la bile.

literary

"S'irriter les sangs"

— To get worked up or very upset.

Ne t'irrite pas les sangs pour si peu.

informal

"Mettre à vif"

— To make someone extremely sensitive or irritated.

Cette dispute l'a mis à vif.

neutral

"Sortir de ses gonds"

— To lose one's temper (often starts with being 'irrité').

Il a fini par sortir de ses gonds.

neutral

"Avoir les nerfs à fleur de peau"

— To be very irritable or sensitive.

Elle a les nerfs à fleur de peau aujourd'hui.

neutral

"Chercher la petite bête"

— To look for reasons to be irritated or critical.

Il cherche toujours la petite bête.

informal

"Pousser à bout"

— To push someone to the limit of irritation.

Tu me pousses à bout !

neutral

"Être soupe au lait"

— To be someone who gets irritated/angry very quickly.

Fais attention, il est soupe au lait.

informal

"Prendre la mouche"

— To get irritated or offended suddenly.

Il prend la mouche pour un rien.

informal

容易混淆

irriter vs Irritable

Looks like 'irritable' in English.

In French, it mostly refers to the psychological tendency to get angry easily.

Il est très irritable le matin.

irriter vs Irritant

Looks like 'irritating'.

In French, it's often used for substances that cause physical reactions.

Un gaz irritant.

irriter vs Énervé

Often used where 'irrité' would be in English.

Énervé is more emotional; irrité is more clinical or formal.

Je suis énervé contre toi.

irriter vs Agacé

Similar meaning.

Agacé is for smaller, less serious annoyances.

Je suis agacé par ce moustique.

irriter vs Exaspéré

Often translated as 'irritated'.

Exaspéré is much stronger, implying a total loss of patience.

Je suis exaspéré par tes mensonges !

句型

Le [noun] irrite [noun].

Le savon irrite la peau.

Ça m'irrite quand [clause].

Ça m'irrite quand il pleut.

Je m'irrite de [noun/infinitive].

Je m'irrite de ton silence.

Être irrité par [noun].

Elle est irritée par le bruit.

[Subject] ne fait qu'irriter [Object].

Sa réponse ne fait qu'irriter le patron.

S'irriter contre [abstract noun].

S'irriter contre l'inexorable passage du temps.

Ne pas irriter [body part].

Ne pas irriter les yeux.

Finir par irriter.

Son rire finit par m'irriter.

词族

名词

irritation

irritabilité

irritant

动词

irriter

s'irriter

形容词

irrité

irritant

irritable

如何使用

frequency

Common in both spoken and written French.

常见错误

Je suis irriter. → Je suis irrité.
You must use the past participle 'irrité' as an adjective, not the infinitive.
Le savon irrite à moi. → Le savon m'irrite.
French uses direct object pronouns (me, te, le, la, les), not 'à moi'.
Il s'irrite avec moi. → Il s'irrite contre moi.
The preposition 'contre' is used with 's'irriter' to mean 'with/against someone'.
C'est une personne irritante. → C'est une personne agaçante.
'Irritant' is usually for substances; 'agaçant' or 'pénible' is better for people.
La fumée irrite mes yeux. → La fumée m'irrite les yeux.
In French, we often use the reflexive structure for body parts: 'm'irrite les yeux'.

小贴士

Direct Object

Always remember that 'irriter' takes a direct object. You irritate *someone* or *something* directly.

The Skin Factor

If you are at a French pharmacy, 'irriter' is the word to use for rashes or sore spots.

Formal vs Informal

Use 'irriter' in a business meeting to describe a problem; use 'énerver' with your siblings.

Silent R

Don't pronounce the 'r' at the end of 'irriter'. It sounds like 'irri-tay'.

Cognate Power

Since it looks like 'irritate', use that to your advantage, but watch the grammar differences.

French Complaining

Complaining is a national sport in France; 'irriter' is a key verb in your 'complaining toolkit'.

Reflexive Use

Use 's'irriter' when you want to focus on the person's reaction rather than the cause.

Adjective Agreement

Don't forget the extra 'e' for feminine nouns: 'une peau irritée'.

Liaison

In 'ils irritent', the 's' is pronounced like a 'z' because it's followed by a vowel.

Subjunctive

After expressions of emotion like 'Je regrette que...', use the subjunctive: 'Je regrette que cela t'irrite'.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of an 'Irritating' 'Ear' (Irrit-er). If something irritates you, it's like a bug in your ear.

视觉联想

Imagine a red, itchy patch of skin next to a person with steam coming out of their ears. Both are 'irrité'.

Word Web

peau colère yeux bruit nerfs gorge calme patience

挑战

Try to use 'irriter' in a sentence about your least favorite household chore.

词源

From the Latin verb 'irritare', which meant to incite, provoke, or stimulate.

原始含义： To stir up or provoke to anger or activity.

Romance (Latin root).

文化背景

Be careful when using 'irrité' to describe a person; it can sound a bit clinical or like you are diagnosing them.

In English, 'irritate' is often used interchangeably with 'annoy'. In French, 'irriter' is slightly more formal than 'annoy'.

Le Malade Imaginaire by Molière (medical irritation) Various French skincare ads (La Roche-Posay, Avène) French news headlines during strikes

在生活中练习

真实语境

At the doctor

J'ai la gorge irritée.
Cette crème irrite ma peau.
Mes yeux sont irrités.
Est-ce que c'est irritant ?

In the office

Son comportement m'irrite.
Le manque de café irrite tout le monde.
Ne l'irrite pas aujourd'hui.
Je suis irrité par ce mail.

At home

Le bruit de la télé m'irrite.
Cette étiquette m'irrite le cou.
Arrête d'irriter le chat.
Je m'irrite facilement quand je suis fatigué.

In politics/news

Cette loi irrite les citoyens.
Le ton du ministre irrite.
S'irriter contre l'injustice.
Une situation irritante.

Shopping for cosmetics

Est-ce que ça irrite les yeux ?
Pour peaux irritées.
Soin anti-irritant.
Ne pas irriter l'épiderme.

对话开场白

"Qu'est-ce qui t'irrite le plus au travail ?"

"Est-ce que le bruit de la ville t'irrite ?"

"Quels produits cosmétiques irritent ta peau ?"

"T'irrites-tu facilement quand tu es en retard ?"

"Est-ce que les publicités à la télé t'irritent ?"

日记主题

Décris une situation qui t'a irrité cette semaine et pourquoi.

Quelles sont les petites choses de la vie quotidienne qui t'irritent ?

Comment gères-tu ton stress quand tu te sens irrité ?

Est-ce que tu préfères le mot 'irriter' ou 'énerver' ? Pourquoi ?

Écris sur une fois où un produit a irrité ta peau.

常见问题

10 个问题

Yes, it is very common. 'Irriter la peau' means to cause a rash or redness.

It is neutral to slightly formal. In casual speech, people prefer 'énerver'.

'Agacer' is for light annoyance; 'irriter' is slightly stronger or physical.

It is regular: J'ai irrité, Tu as irrité, Il a irrité, etc.

It takes 'avoir' in the active sense and 'être' in the reflexive sense (Je me suis irrité).

In very old or technical biological contexts, yes, but not in modern everyday French.

A substance that causes a physical reaction, like smoke or chemicals.

Usually 'irrité par' (irritated by) for a cause, and 's'irriter de' (to get irritated at) for a reason.

Yes, but it sounds a bit more serious than 'Tu m'énerves'.

'Irrité' (the state) and 'irritant' (the cause).

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