योग्यता हासिल करना
To acquire qualification, to attain necessary skills or credentials.
योग्यता हासिल करना 30秒了解
- A formal Hindi phrase meaning to acquire qualifications or attain merit through effort and study.
- Used primarily in professional, academic, and bureaucratic contexts to describe earning degrees or certifications.
- Combines 'Yogyata' (merit/feminine) with 'Hasil Karna' (to obtain/transitive verb), requiring gender agreement in Hindi.
- Essential for discussing career development, job eligibility, and formal education in a respectful and professional manner.
The Hindi phrase योग्यता हासिल करना (Yogyata Hasil Karna) is a sophisticated and formal expression used to describe the process of becoming qualified, acquiring a specific skill set, or attaining the necessary credentials for a particular role, profession, or task. In the linguistic landscape of Hindi, this phrase is a beautiful amalgamation of Sanskrit and Persian influences. 'Yogyata' (योग्यता) originates from Sanskrit, meaning merit, ability, or qualification, while 'Hasil Karna' (हासिल करना) comes from Persian/Arabic roots, meaning to obtain or to achieve. Together, they form a powerful verb phrase that signifies more than just 'getting' something; it implies a journey of effort, study, and eventual achievement.
- Professional Context
- In professional environments, this phrase is the gold standard for discussing career advancement. Whether you are talking about completing a PhD, getting a pilot's license, or mastering a new programming language, 'Yogyata Hasil Karna' captures the formal recognition of that skill. It is frequently seen in job advertisements where specific qualifications are 'required' (हासिल होनी चाहिए).
सरकारी नौकरी पाने के लिए आपको सही योग्यता हासिल करनी होगी। (To get a government job, you will have to acquire the right qualification.)
Beyond the literal acquisition of degrees, the phrase is often used in a broader, more abstract sense. For instance, an athlete might 'acquire the qualification' to compete in the Olympics through rigorous training and performance. In this sense, 'Yogyata' isn't just a piece of paper; it's the physical and mental capability that has been earned. The verb 'Hasil Karna' emphasizes that this wasn't a gift; it was earned through 'mehanat' (hard work). This nuance is crucial for learners to understand: you don't 'find' yogyata, you 'attain' it.
- Academic Nuance
- In academic writing, this phrase is used to discuss the outcomes of education. Research papers might discuss how students 'acquire qualifications' in different socio-economic settings. It carries a weight of legitimacy and formal recognition that simpler words like 'seekhna' (to learn) do not possess.
उन्होंने विदेश में वकालत की योग्यता हासिल की। (He acquired the qualification of law abroad.)
In everyday conversation, while people might use simpler terms for small skills, they switch to 'Yogyata Hasil Karna' when the stakes are high. If you are discussing a doctor, a pilot, or a high-ranking official, using this phrase shows respect for the formal training they underwent. It bridges the gap between 'knowing' how to do something and being 'officially recognized' as someone who can do it. This distinction is vital in the hierarchical and certification-heavy culture of modern India.
Using योग्यता हासिल करना correctly requires an understanding of Hindi's transitive verb structure and how 'Hasil' functions as a light verb. Because 'Hasil' is often treated as the object of 'Karna', the sentence structure follows the rules of compound verbs. If you are using the past tense (Perfective aspect), you must use the 'Ne' (ने) postposition with the subject, and the verb will agree with 'Yogyata' (feminine) or the specific qualification mentioned.
मैंने पिछले साल शिक्षण की योग्यता हासिल की। (I acquired the teaching qualification last year.)
When constructing sentences in the future tense or with modal verbs like 'can' (sakna) or 'should' (chahiye), the phrase remains relatively stable. However, the gender of 'Yogyata' always influences the surrounding adjectives and possessive markers. For example, you say 'Meri yogyata' (my qualification) not 'Mera yogyata'. This is a common pitfall for English speakers who are used to gender-neutral nouns.
- With Modal Verbs
- When you want to say someone 'must' acquire a qualification, you use 'hogi' or 'padegi' because 'Yogyata' is feminine. Example: 'आपको यह योग्यता हासिल करनी होगी' (You will have to acquire this qualification).
The phrase is also highly effective in the passive voice in formal reporting. In news headlines or official reports, you might see 'Yogyata hasil ki gayi' (The qualification was acquired). This shifts the focus from the person to the achievement itself, which is a hallmark of formal Hindi journalism and bureaucracy. Mastering this shift allows a learner to sound more like a native speaker in formal settings.
क्या आपने इस पद के लिए आवश्यक योग्यता हासिल कर ली है? (Have you acquired the necessary qualification for this post?)
Finally, consider the use of 'Hasil Karna' versus 'Prapt Karna'. While 'Prapt Karna' also means to receive or obtain, 'Hasil Karna' implies a more active pursuit or a hard-won victory. When you 'Hasil' a qualification, it sounds like you conquered the exams and the curriculum. It adds a layer of 'achievement' to the basic meaning of 'getting'. Use this when you want to emphasize the effort behind the credential.
You will encounter योग्यता हासिल करना in several distinct environments, primarily those involving formal institutions and career development. It is a staple of the Indian educational and bureaucratic system. If you watch Hindi news channels or read Hindi newspapers like 'Dainik Jagran' or 'Navbharat Times', you will see this phrase in the 'Rojgar' (Employment) and 'Shiksha' (Education) sections daily.
- In Schools and Universities
- During graduation ceremonies or orientation programs, speakers will often exhort students to 'Yogyata hasil karein' so they can serve the nation. It is used to inspire students to look beyond just passing marks and aim for true merit and credentials that will help them in the future.
प्रधानाचार्य ने छात्रों से कहा कि वे केवल डिग्री नहीं, बल्कि वास्तविक योग्यता हासिल करें। (The principal told the students to acquire real merit, not just a degree.)
In the corporate world, specifically in Human Resources (HR) departments, this phrase is used in interviews and performance reviews. An interviewer might ask, 'What qualifications have you acquired in the last two years?' (आपने पिछले दो वर्षों में कौन सी योग्यताएँ हासिल की हैं?). Here, the plural form 'Yogyataein' is used. It sounds professional and shows that the speaker is looking for formal skill-building rather than just casual learning.
Another place you will hear this is in career counseling seminars or motivational podcasts in Hindi. Coaches use it to define the 'eligibility' required for success. They might say, 'Success is for those who first acquire the qualification for it.' This philosophical use of 'Yogyata' expands the term from just 'diplomas' to 'character and capability'. It suggests that success is a result of becoming a person 'worthy' (yogya) of that success.
इस कार्यशाला का उद्देश्य युवाओं को तकनीकी योग्यता हासिल करने में मदद करना है। (The aim of this workshop is to help youth acquire technical qualification.)
Lastly, legal and official documents utilize this phrase to state requirements. If you are filling out an application for a visa or a license in Hindi, the instructions will likely use 'Yogyata hasil karna' to describe the prerequisites. It is the language of authority and formal procedure, making it an essential phrase for anyone navigating institutional life in India.
One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is confusing the gender of योग्यता. Because many English speakers perceive 'qualification' as a neutral concept, they often use masculine markers in Hindi. Forgetting that 'Yogyata' is feminine leads to errors like 'Mera yogyata' (Incorrect) instead of 'Meri yogyata' (Correct), or 'Yogyata hasil kiya' (Incorrect) instead of 'Yogyata hasil ki' (Correct) in the past tense.
- Verb Agreement Error
- Incorrect: उसने अपनी योग्यता हासिल किया। (Usne apni yogyata hasil kiya.)
Correct: उसने अपनी योग्यता हासिल की। (Usne apni yogyata hasil ki.)
Explanation: In the past tense with 'ne', the verb agrees with the object. Since 'yogyata' is feminine, 'karna' becomes 'ki'.
गलत: मैंने एक नई योग्यता हासिल किया। (I acquired a new qualification - WRONG GENDER)
Another common error is using 'Lena' (to take) or 'Pana' (to get) in contexts where 'Hasil Karna' is more appropriate. While 'Degree lena' is common in casual speech, using it in a formal cover letter or a serious discussion can sound too informal or even slightly disrespectful to the effort involved. 'Hasil Karna' conveys the 'achievement' aspect, whereas 'Lena' just implies the 'receiving' aspect. Learners often miss this subtle register difference.
Confusing 'Yogyata' (Qualification) with 'Kshamta' (Capability/Capacity) is another hurdle. 'Yogyata' usually refers to something formal, like a degree or a specific credential required for a job. 'Kshamta' refers to your innate power or potential. You 'attain' (hasil karna) a yogyata, but you 'develop' (v विकसित करना) your kshamta. Using them interchangeably can make your Hindi sound imprecise.
सही: उसने एम.बी.ए. की योग्यता हासिल की। (He acquired the MBA qualification.)
Finally, learners sometimes struggle with the word order. In Hindi, the 'what' (the specific qualification) usually comes before 'yogyata'. For example, 'Vakalat ki yogyata' (Qualification of law). English speakers often try to translate 'qualification in law' literally, which leads to awkward phrasing. Stick to the 'X ki yogyata' pattern for the most natural sound.
While योग्यता हासिल करना is excellent for formal contexts, there are several synonyms and alternatives depending on the level of formality and the specific nuance you want to convey. Understanding these helps you vary your vocabulary and sound more like a native speaker.
- Arjit Karna (अर्जित करना)
- This means 'to earn' or 'to accumulate'. It is often used for 'Gyan' (knowledge) or 'Anubhav' (experience). While 'Hasil Karna' is about the end result (the credential), 'Arjit Karna' emphasizes the gradual process of earning it through labor.
- Prapt Karna (प्राप्त करना)
- A very common Sanskrit-based synonym meaning 'to obtain' or 'to receive'. It is slightly more formal than 'Pana' but less focused on 'achievement' than 'Hasil Karna'. It's great for general use like 'Degree prapt karna'.
उन्होंने कड़ी मेहनत से यह पद हासिल किया। (He achieved this post through hard work - using 'Hasil' for a position.)
If you are speaking informally, you might just say 'Degree mil gayi' (Got the degree) or 'Course kar liya' (Did the course). However, if you are writing a resume, you should use 'Yogyataen' (Qualifications). Another related term is 'Patrata' (पात्रता), which specifically means 'eligibility'. You 'Hasil' a yogyata to meet the 'patrata' for a job.
In the context of competitive exams, you might hear 'Qualify karna' (क्वालीफाई करना). This is an English loanword used very frequently in modern Hindi. While 'Yogyata hasil karna' is the proper Hindi way to say it, in daily conversation about exams like the IIT-JEE or UPSC, people almost always say 'Exam qualify kar liya'. Use 'Yogyata hasil karna' when you want to be more eloquent or formal.
- Kushalata Prapt Karna (कुशलता प्राप्त करना)
- This means 'to gain proficiency' or 'to master a skill'. Use this when you are talking about the skill itself (like carpentry or coding) rather than the formal certificate or qualification.
How Formal Is It?
"प्रार्थी ने आवश्यक शैक्षणिक योग्यता हासिल कर ली है।"
"उसने वकालत की योग्यता हासिल की।"
"उसने अपनी डिग्री हासिल कर ली।"
"खूब पढ़ाई करो और अच्छी योग्यता हासिल करो।"
"भाई ने फाइनली डिग्री हासिल कर ली! पार्टी तो बनती है।"
趣味小知识
This phrase is a classic 'Ganga-Jamuni Tehzeeb' example, mixing Sanskrit and Persian words to create a high-register professional term.
发音指南
- Pronouncing 'gya' as 'ga' (Yogata instead of Yogyata).
- Using a hard English 't' instead of the soft Hindi dental 't'.
- Mispronouncing 'Hasil' as 'Haseel' (long 'i').
- Treating 'Hasil' as 'Haasil' with an overly long 'a' in quick speech.
- Failing to aspirate the 'h' in 'Hasil' properly.
难度评级
The words are common but the formal structure might require B1 level reading skills.
Requires knowledge of gender agreement and 'ne' postposition rules.
Pronunciation of 'Yogyata' can be tricky for beginners.
Clearly distinguishable in formal speech but might be fast in news broadcasts.
接下来学什么
前置知识
接下来学习
高级
按水平分级的例句
मुझे अच्छी योग्यता चाहिए।
I want good qualification.
'Yogyata' is feminine.
क्या आपके पास योग्यता है?
Do you have the qualification?
Uses 'ke paas' for possession.
योग्यता हासिल करना मुश्किल है।
Acquiring qualification is difficult.
'Mushkil' means difficult.
वह योग्यता हासिल करना चाहता है।
He wants to acquire qualification.
Verb 'chahna' follows the main verb.
मेरी बहन ने योग्यता हासिल की।
My sister acquired the qualification.
Past tense with 'ne', verb agrees with 'yogyata'.
योग्यता क्या है?
What is the qualification?
Simple interrogative sentence.
यह एक जरूरी योग्यता है।
This is an important qualification.
'Zaroori' means necessary/important.
मैं योग्यता हासिल करूँगा।
I will acquire qualification.
Future tense masculine singular.
मैंने कंप्यूटर में योग्यता हासिल की।
I acquired a qualification in computers.
Uses 'mein' (in) for the field.
नौकरी के लिए योग्यता हासिल करो।
Acquire qualification for the job.
Imperative form (command).
उसने दो साल में योग्यता हासिल की।
He acquired the qualification in two years.
Time duration with 'mein'.
क्या उसने योग्यता हासिल कर ली?
Did he finish acquiring the qualification?
Uses 'lena' as an auxiliary verb for completion.
हमें नई योग्यता हासिल करनी चाहिए।
We should acquire new qualification.
'Chahiye' requires 'karni' because of 'yogyata'.
वह योग्यता हासिल करने की कोशिश कर रहा है।
He is trying to acquire qualification.
Present continuous with 'koshish karna'.
बिना योग्यता हासिल किए नौकरी नहीं मिलती।
Without acquiring qualification, one doesn't get a job.
Uses 'kiye' (oblique form of participle).
आप कौन सी योग्यता हासिल करना चाहते हैं?
Which qualification do you want to acquire?
'Kaun si' agrees with feminine 'yogyata'.
इस पद के लिए आपको विशेष योग्यता हासिल करनी होगी।
For this post, you will have to acquire special qualification.
Future obligation with 'hogi'.
उसने कड़ी मेहनत के बाद अपनी योग्यता हासिल की।
He acquired his qualification after hard work.
'Kadi mehanat' means hard work.
क्या आपने अभी तक अपनी योग्यता हासिल नहीं की?
Have you not acquired your qualification yet?
Negative interrogative in present perfect.
योग्यता हासिल करने के लिए समय चाहिए।
Time is needed to acquire qualification.
'Ke liye' shows purpose.
शिक्षण की योग्यता हासिल करना मेरा सपना है।
To acquire teaching qualification is my dream.
The whole phrase acts as a subject.
उन्होंने विदेश जाकर यह योग्यता हासिल की।
He went abroad and acquired this qualification.
Conjunctive participle 'jakar' (having gone).
योग्यता हासिल करने के बाद उसे अच्छी नौकरी मिली।
After acquiring qualification, he got a good job.
'Ke baad' means after.
हर किसी को कोई न कोई योग्यता हासिल करनी चाहिए।
Everyone should acquire some qualification or other.
'Koi na koi' means some or other.
तकनीकी युग में निरंतर नई योग्यता हासिल करना अनिवार्य है।
In the technical era, constantly acquiring new qualifications is mandatory.
'Anivarya' means mandatory.
उसने अपनी योग्यता हासिल करने में कोई कसर नहीं छोड़ी।
He left no stone unturned in acquiring his qualification.
Idiom 'kasar na chhodna' (leave no stone unturned).
प्रमाणित योग्यता हासिल करना आपके करियर को बढ़ावा दे सकता है।
Acquiring a certified qualification can boost your career.
'Pramanit' means certified.
जब तक आप योग्यता हासिल नहीं कर लेते, आप आवेदन नहीं कर सकते।
Until you acquire the qualification, you cannot apply.
Conditional 'jab tak... nahi'.
उसने वकालत की योग्यता हासिल की और अब वह न्यायाधीश है।
He acquired the qualification of law and now he is a judge.
Compound sentence with 'aur'.
विभिन्न क्षेत्रों में योग्यता हासिल करना फायदेमंद होता है।
Acquiring qualifications in various fields is beneficial.
'Faydemand' means beneficial.
क्या आपको लगता है कि डिग्री ही एकमात्र योग्यता हासिल करने का तरीका है?
Do you think a degree is the only way to acquire qualification?
Complex question structure.
उसने अपनी योग्यता हासिल की, फिर भी उसे संघर्ष करना पड़ा।
He acquired his qualification, yet he had to struggle.
'Phir bhi' means yet/nevertheless.
बौद्धिक योग्यता हासिल करना केवल अकादमिक शिक्षा तक सीमित नहीं है।
Acquiring intellectual merit is not limited only to academic education.
Abstract use of 'yogyata'.
इस शोध पत्र का उद्देश्य यह समझना है कि छात्र कैसे पेशेवर योग्यता हासिल करते हैं।
The aim of this research paper is to understand how students acquire professional qualification.
Formal academic Hindi.
योग्यता हासिल करने की प्रक्रिया अक्सर परिणामों से अधिक महत्वपूर्ण होती है।
The process of acquiring qualification is often more important than the results.
Comparative 'se adhik'.
उन्होंने राजनीतिक योग्यता हासिल करने के लिए वर्षों तक जमीनी स्तर पर काम किया।
To acquire political merit, he worked at the grassroots level for years.
'Zamini star' means grassroots level.
बिना वास्तविक कौशल के केवल कागजी योग्यता हासिल करना व्यर्थ है।
Acquiring only paper qualification without real skills is futile.
'Vyarth' means futile/useless.
समाज में प्रतिष्ठा पाने के लिए उच्च योग्यता हासिल करना एक माध्यम रहा है।
Acquiring high qualification has been a medium to gain prestige in society.
Sociological context.
उसने अपनी योग्यता हासिल करने के दौरान कई चुनौतियों का सामना किया।
He faced many challenges during the course of acquiring his qualification.
'Ke dauran' means during.
वैज्ञानिक योग्यता हासिल करने के लिए गहन शोध और समर्पण की आवश्यकता होती है।
Acquiring scientific qualification requires deep research and dedication.
'Gahan' means deep/intense.
योग्यता हासिल करना मात्र एक गंतव्य नहीं, बल्कि आत्म-सुधार की एक निरंतर यात्रा है।
Acquiring qualification is not just a destination, but a continuous journey of self-improvement.
Philosophical register.
प्रशासनिक योग्यता हासिल करने के उपरांत, उन्होंने नीति निर्माण में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई।
After acquiring administrative qualification, he played a crucial role in policy making.
'Uparant' is a formal synonym for 'baad'.
क्या आधुनिक शिक्षा प्रणाली वास्तव में छात्रों को जीवन की योग्यता हासिल करने के लिए तैयार करती है?
Does the modern education system truly prepare students to acquire life's merit?
Rhetorical question in high Hindi.
उसने अपनी योग्यता हासिल की और इसके साथ ही उसने समाज की सेवा करने का उत्तरदायित्व भी स्वीकार किया।
He acquired his qualification, and along with it, he also accepted the responsibility of serving society.
'Uttardayitva' means responsibility.
वैश्विक मंच पर प्रतिस्पर्धा करने के लिए अंतरराष्ट्रीय स्तर की योग्यता हासिल करना अनिवार्य हो गया है।
To compete on the global stage, acquiring international-level qualification has become mandatory.
Economic/Global context.
योग्यता हासिल करने की उनकी ललक ने उन्हें सफलता के शिखर पर पहुँचा दिया।
His yearning to acquire qualification took him to the pinnacle of success.
'Lalak' means yearning/craving.
कानूनी योग्यता हासिल करने के बाद भी, उन्होंने नैतिकता को सर्वोपरि रखा।
Even after acquiring legal qualification, he kept ethics above all.
'Sarvopari' means paramount/above all.
ऐसी योग्यता हासिल करना जो मानवता के काम आए, सबसे बड़ी उपलब्धि है।
Acquiring such qualification that benefits humanity is the greatest achievement.
Relative clause with 'jo'.
常见搭配
常用短语
योग्यता हासिल करने का अवसर
योग्यता हासिल करने की प्रक्रिया
योग्यता हासिल करने की ललक
योग्यता हासिल करने के बाद
योग्यता हासिल करने का लक्ष्य
योग्यता हासिल करने की शर्त
योग्यता हासिल करने में सफल
योग्यता हासिल करने का प्रयास
योग्यता हासिल करने की पात्रता
योग्यता हासिल करने का अधिकार
习语与表达
"कसर न छोड़ना"
To leave no stone unturned (often used with acquiring qualification).
उसने योग्यता हासिल करने में कोई कसर नहीं छोड़ी।
Common"लोहे के चने चबाना"
A very difficult task (used for tough qualifications).
यह योग्यता हासिल करना लोहे के चने चबाने जैसा है।
Informal"चार चाँद लगाना"
To add a feather to one's cap (getting a new qualification).
इस नई योग्यता ने उसके करियर में चार चाँद लगा दिए।
Literary"दिन-रात एक करना"
To work extremely hard.
योग्यता हासिल करने के लिए उसने दिन-रात एक कर दिया।
Common"आसमान छूना"
To reach great heights (after getting qualified).
योग्यता हासिल करने के बाद वह आसमान छू रहा है।
Metaphorical"पसीना बहाना"
To sweat/toil hard.
उसने इस योग्यता के लिए बहुत पसीना बहाया है।
Common"रास्ता साफ होना"
To have a clear path (after getting qualified).
योग्यता हासिल करते ही उसके लिए तरक्की का रास्ता साफ हो गया।
Common"महारत हासिल करना"
To gain mastery (stronger version of yogyata).
उसने इस विषय में महारत हासिल की है।
Formal"झंडे गाड़ना"
To achieve something remarkable.
उसने विदेश में योग्यता हासिल करके झंडे गाड़ दिए।
Informal/Slang"नाम कमाना"
To earn a name/fame.
योग्यता हासिल करके उसने अपना नाम कमाया।
Common词族
名词
动词
形容词
相关
记住它
记忆技巧
Think: 'YO, GYATA!' (Hey, knowledgeable person). You have to 'HUSTLE' (Hasil) to become a 'GYATA' (knower/qualified person).
视觉联想
Imagine a student climbing a ladder made of books. At the top, they grab (Hasil) a golden diploma (Yogyata).
Word Web
挑战
Try to write three sentences about different professions (doctor, engineer, artist) using 'Yogyata Hasil Karna' in the past, present, and future tenses.
词源
'Yogyata' comes from the Sanskrit root 'Yuj' (to join/yoke), leading to 'Yogya' (fit/proper). 'Hasil' is from the Arabic 'Hāṣil', meaning result or product, which entered Hindi via Persian.
原始含义: 'Yogyata' originally meant fitness or suitability for a ritual or task. 'Hasil' originally meant the harvest or the net result of an action.
Indo-Aryan (Sanskrit) and Afro-Asiatic (Arabic/Persian influence).文化背景
Be careful not to imply that someone 'lacks yogyata' (qualification) in a derogatory way, as it can sound like you are calling them incompetent (ayogya).
In English, we often say 'get a degree' or 'become qualified'. The Hindi phrase is more formal and emphasizes the 'attainment' aspect more strongly.
在生活中练习
真实语境
Job Interviews
- आपकी शैक्षणिक योग्यता क्या है?
- मैंने यह योग्यता पिछले साल हासिल की।
- क्या यह योग्यता अनिवार्य है?
- मैं नई योग्यता हासिल करने के लिए तैयार हूँ।
University Admissions
- प्रवेश के लिए न्यूनतम योग्यता क्या है?
- उसने विदेश से योग्यता हासिल की।
- योग्यता के आधार पर चयन होगा।
- योग्यता प्रमाणपत्र जमा करें।
Career Planning
Summary
The phrase 'योग्यता हासिल करना' is your go-to expression for professional achievement. It signifies that you didn't just 'get' a degree, but you 'earned' the merit and eligibility for a role. Example: 'उसने वकालत की योग्यता हासिल की' (He acquired the qualification of law).
- A formal Hindi phrase meaning to acquire qualifications or attain merit through effort and study.
- Used primarily in professional, academic, and bureaucratic contexts to describe earning degrees or certifications.
- Combines 'Yogyata' (merit/feminine) with 'Hasil Karna' (to obtain/transitive verb), requiring gender agreement in Hindi.
- Essential for discussing career development, job eligibility, and formal education in a respectful and professional manner.
相关内容
更多work词汇
आचार संहिता
B1概述个人或组织责任或适当做法的一套规则。
आगे बढ़ाना
A2使某事或某人向前移动或进步。例如,推进项目或传递物品。
आहरित करना
B1提取;从账户中取钱。
आहिस्ता-आहिस्ता
B1慢慢地;逐渐地;以缓慢的速度。
आजीविका
B1Livelihood; a means of securing the necessities of life.
आंकड़े इकट्ठा करना
B1收集事实和统计数据以进行分析。
आलेख तैयार करना
B1To draft a document; to prepare a written piece.
आलस्य से
B1Lazily; in a way that shows a lack of effort or enthusiasm.
आमदनी
A2收入,收益
आने वाला कल
B1On the day after today.