At the A1 level, you don't need to use the word '自律' (jiritsu) yet, as it is quite advanced. However, you can start to understand the idea. It means 'doing things by yourself because you know it is good.' Imagine a student who does their homework without their mother telling them to. That is 'jiritsu.' In simple Japanese, we might say 'jibun de kangaete suru' (doing things by thinking for yourself). You might see this word on signs in Japanese schools about being a 'good student.' Just remember the first character '自' means 'self.' It is a word for people who are growing up and becoming responsible. Even though it's a big word, the idea is simple: be your own boss!
At the A2 level, you might see '自律' (jiritsu) in simple health or school contexts. You should know that '自' means 'self' and '律' means 'rule.' So, 'jiritsu' is 'self-rule.' You might hear a teacher say 'jiritsu shite kudasai' (please be autonomous/disciplined). It is different from 'hitori de' (alone). 'Jiritsu' is about your mind and following rules. You might also see '自律神経' (jiritsu shinkei) in health articles. This is the part of your body that works automatically, like your heart. At this level, just recognize that it is a 'serious' word for self-control. It is a very positive word in Japan because being disciplined is highly respected.
At the B1 level, you should start using '自律' (jiritsu) to describe your habits and work style. You can use phrases like '自律的な学習' (autonomous learning). This is perfect for talking about how you study Japanese! You don't just wait for a teacher; you find your own books and apps. This shows 'jiritsu.' You should also learn the difference between '自律' (autonomy) and '自立' (independence). If you live alone, you are '自立' (jiritsu - stand). If you wake up at 6 AM every day to exercise, you are '自律' (jiritsu - law). Understanding this distinction will make your Japanese sound much more advanced. You will hear this word in business 'jiko-shōkai' (self-introductions) when people want to show they are reliable.
At the B2 level, you are expected to use '自律' (jiritsu) accurately in professional and academic discussions. You should be comfortable with the adverbial form '自律的に' (autonomously). For example, '社員が自律的に動く' (Employees act autonomously). This is a key concept in modern Japanese management. You should also understand its use in technology, such as '自律走行' (autonomous driving). At this level, you can discuss the nuances of 'self-regulation' versus 'external control' (他律 - taritsu). You might encounter this word in psychological texts or news reports about AI ethics. Being able to explain why 'jiritsu' is important for a society shows a high command of the language and culture.
At the C1 level, '自律' (jiritsu) becomes a tool for philosophical and social analysis. You can discuss '自律性' (autonomy) in the context of Kantian ethics or political science. You should be able to write essays about whether 'autonomous weapons' (自律型兵器) should be banned, or how the 'autonomic nervous system' (自律神経) affects mental health in high-stress urban environments. You will notice the word in complex legal documents or high-level academic journals. Your usage should reflect an understanding of the subtle difference between initiative (自主) and autonomy (自律). You should also be able to use the word in metaphors about 'self-governing' systems in nature or economics.
At the C2 level, you have a complete mastery of '自律' (jiritsu) and its place in the Japanese lexicon. You can engage in deep debates about the tension between 'individual autonomy' (個人の自律) and 'social harmony' (社会の調和). You understand the historical evolution of the word and its kanji. You can detect when a politician or CEO uses the word '自律' to shift responsibility onto the individual (a common critique in Japanese social commentary). You are fluent in using technical terms like '自律分散システム' (autonomous decentralized system) in engineering or '自律的道徳' (autonomous morality) in philosophy. Your command of the word allows you to use it with the same weight and nuance as a highly educated native speaker.

自律 30秒了解

  • 自律 (Jiritsu) means autonomy or self-discipline, focusing on internal rules.
  • It is a key concept in Japanese education, business, and modern technology.
  • Often confused with 自立 (independence), which is about not relying on others.
  • Commonly used in medical contexts regarding the autonomic nervous system.

The Japanese word 自律 (じりつ - jiritsu) is a profound concept that translates to 'autonomy' or 'self-discipline.' At its core, it represents the capacity of an individual, an organization, or even a machine to operate according to its own internal logic and ethical framework rather than being dictated by external forces. Unlike mere independence, which focuses on standing alone, 自律 focuses on the governance of the self. It is the marriage of the kanji (self) and (law, rhythm, or regulation). When you use this word, you are describing a state where the 'law' comes from within.

Psychological Context
In psychology, 自律 refers to the developmental stage where a person moves away from 'heteronomy' (being governed by others) to 'autonomy' (governing oneself). This is seen as a hallmark of emotional maturity in Japanese society.

子供たちが自律した生活を送れるように、親はサポートすべきです。(Parents should support their children so they can lead autonomous lives.)

In the modern Japanese workplace, 自律 is a buzzword for the 'new era' of employment. Traditional Japanese companies relied on top-down management where employees followed strict orders. However, with the rise of remote work and tech startups, there is a massive shift toward 自律型人材 (jiritsu-gata jinzai)—autonomous talent. These are people who don't need a manager to tell them what to do every hour because they possess the internal discipline to manage their own productivity and professional growth.

Technical Context
In the field of robotics and AI, this word is used for 'autonomous' systems. A self-driving car is called a 自律走行車 because it makes decisions based on its own sensors and algorithms without human intervention.

このロボットは自律的に障害物を回避することができます。(This robot can autonomously avoid obstacles.)

Furthermore, 自律 is often discussed in the context of the 自律神経 (jiritsu shinkei), or the autonomic nervous system. This is the part of our nervous system that regulates bodily functions such as heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate without conscious effort. When Japanese people talk about feeling stressed or having 'autonomic imbalance' (自律神経失調症 - jiritsu shinkei shitchōshō), they are referring to a disruption in this internal, automatic regulation system. This highlights that 自律 is not just a mental choice but a fundamental biological process of maintaining balance.

Social Context
In Japanese education, fostering '自律性' (autonomy) is a key goal. It means teaching students to follow school rules not because they fear punishment, but because they understand the value of those rules for the community.

大学生活では、自律した学習姿勢が求められます。(In university life, an autonomous learning attitude is required.)

自由には常に自律が伴わなければならない。(Freedom must always be accompanied by self-discipline.)

Using 自律 correctly requires understanding its grammatical flexibility as both a noun and a component of compound words. While it functions as a noun, it is frequently transformed into an adverbial phrase using 的に (tekini) or an adjectival phrase using した (shita). This allows you to describe actions, states of being, and personality traits with precision.

As a Noun (Autonomy)
When used as a standalone noun, it often appears with particles like (object) or (subject). It represents the concept itself.

彼は強い自律心を持っている。(He has a strong sense of self-discipline.)

One of the most common ways you will encounter this word is in the form 自律的に (jiritsu-teki ni), which means 'autonomously' or 'of one's own accord.' This is essential for describing how someone works or how a system functions without constant oversight. It suggests a high level of competence and reliability.

Adverbial Usage
Use 自律的に to describe the manner in which an action is performed. It emphasizes the internal motivation or programming behind the action.

社員が自律的に動く組織を作りたい。(I want to create an organization where employees act autonomously.)

In academic or technical writing, you will often see 自律性 (jiritsu-sei). The suffix (sei) turns the word into 'autonomy' as a quality or property. This is used when discussing the degree of autonomy a person or system possesses. For example, 'The level of autonomy in this AI is high.'

Describing Systems
When talking about technology, 自律 is often a prefix. 自律型 (jiritsu-gata) means 'autonomous type' or 'self-regulating type.'

このドローンは自律型で、操縦者は不要です。(This drone is an autonomous type and requires no operator.)

Finally, consider the phrase 自律を促す (jiritsu o unagasu), which means 'to encourage autonomy.' This is a very common phrase in parenting and management books. It implies that autonomy isn't just something you have, but something that can be nurtured and developed through the right environment and support.

リモートワークでは、個人の自律がこれまで以上に重要になる。(In remote work, individual autonomy becomes more important than ever before.)

You are likely to encounter 自律 in several distinct environments in Japan, ranging from clinical settings to high-tech laboratories and corporate boardrooms. Understanding these contexts will help you grasp the nuance of the word beyond its dictionary definition. It's a word that carries a weight of responsibility and sophistication.

In the Doctor's Office
If you go to a clinic in Japan complaining of vague symptoms like dizziness, fatigue, or headaches that don't have a clear cause, the doctor might mention your 自律神経 (jiritsu shinkei). They might say '自律神経が乱れています' (Your autonomic nervous system is out of balance), often blaming stress or lack of sleep.

季節の変わり目は、自律神経のバランスを崩しやすい。(It's easy to lose the balance of your autonomic nervous system during the change of seasons.)

In the business world, during a 'Morning Assembly' (Chōrei) or a strategy meeting, a CEO might talk about the need for 自律的組織 (jiritsu-teki soshiki). This refers to a decentralized organization where teams make their own decisions. In the context of the 'DX' (Digital Transformation) trend in Japan, 自律 is often paired with 'Agile' or 'Self-managed' teams. It is seen as the solution to the slow decision-making processes of traditional Japanese bureaucracy.

In Educational Philosophy
Teachers and school principals often use this word when addressing students or parents. They emphasize 自律的な学習 (autonomous learning) as the goal of education, especially in high schools and universities where students are expected to manage their own schedules and research topics.

私たちは、生徒の自律性を尊重する教育を行っています。(We provide education that respects the autonomy of our students.)

You will also hear this word frequently in news reports about the future of technology. When journalists discuss 自律型兵器 (jiritsu-gata heiki) or 'Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems' (LAWS), the word takes on a more serious, ethical tone. The debate centers on whether machines should have the 'autonomy' to make life-or-death decisions without a human in the loop. This highlights the word's connection to moral agency.

In Self-Help and Psychology
Japanese bookstores are filled with titles like '自律の力' (The Power of Autonomy). In these books, 自律 is presented as the key to happiness and productivity—the ability to resist immediate gratification in favor of long-term goals.

本当の自由とは、自分を自律させることである。(True freedom is about making oneself autonomous/disciplined.)

The most common mistake learners (and even some native speakers) make is confusing 自律 (Self-law) with 自立 (Self-standing). Because they are both pronounced 'jiritsu', they are homophones that represent very different aspects of independence. Confusing them can lead to significant misunderstandings in formal writing or professional contexts.

The 'Jiritsu' vs 'Jiritsu' Trap
自立 (Standing) is about being independent from others—like moving out of your parents' house or being financially stable. 自律 (Law) is about controlling your own behavior and following your own rules.

Example: You can be '自立' (financially independent) but lack '自律' (self-discipline to wake up on time).

Another mistake is using 自律 as a simple verb like '自律する' (jiritsu suru) in casual conversation to mean 'to behave.' While technically possible, it sounds overly academic or robotic. If you want to say someone is well-behaved or has self-control in a casual setting, words like ちゃんとしている (chan to shite iru) or 自制心がある (jiseishin ga aru) are much more natural.

Kanji Confusion
When writing, don't mix up 律 (law/rule) with 立 (stand). A helpful trick is to remember that 律 has the 'person'/ 'movement' radical (彳) on the left, suggesting a path or way of acting.

Incorrect: 自立神経 (Jiritsu shinkei - standing nerve)
Correct: 自律神経 (Jiritsu shinkei - autonomous nerve)

Learners also often forget that 自律 is an 'internal' concept. You cannot '自律' someone else. You can 'control' (管理する - kanri suru) or 'discipline' (しつける - shitsukeru) someone else, but 自律 is something that happens inside the person. You can only encourage (促す - unagasu) or support (支援する - shien suru) someone's autonomy.

Nuance in Robotics
In technology, don't use 自動 (jidō - automatic) and 自律 (jiritsu - autonomous) interchangeably. 'Automatic' means it follows a preset program. 'Autonomous' means it can make decisions in unpredictable environments.

洗濯機は自動ですが、ロボット掃除機はより自律的です。(Washing machines are automatic, but robot vacuums are more autonomous.)

Lastly, be careful with the formality. Using 自律 in a very casual chat about your weekend plans might sound a bit stiff. It's better suited for discussions about goals, health, technology, or work ethics. If you use it too often in daily life, you might come across as overly serious or philosophical.

Japanese has many words that touch upon the concepts of independence and self-control. Understanding how 自律 differs from these alternatives is key to reaching a B2 level of fluency. Each word has a specific 'flavor' and is used in different social or technical contexts.

自律 vs 自立 (Jiritsu vs Jiritsu)
As mentioned, 自立 is 'independence' (not needing others for help), while 自律 is 'autonomy' (following one's own rules). You can be '自立' (living alone) but still lack '自律' (staying up all night playing games when you have work).

経済的自立 (Economic independence) vs 精神的自律 (Mental autonomy).

Another close relative is 自主 (jishu). While 自律 implies following internal rules and ethics, 自主 emphasizes taking the initiative or doing something voluntarily. For example, 自主トレ (jishu-tore) is 'voluntary training.' 自主 is more about the 'start' of an action, while 自律 is about the 'management' of one's behavior over time.

自律 vs 自制 (Jiritsu vs Jisei)
自制 (jisei) specifically means 'self-restraint' or 'self-control' over impulses and desires. It's more about 'saying no' to yourself. 自律 is broader; it's about 'saying yes' to your own internal principles.

ダイエットには自制心が必要だ。(Self-restraint is necessary for a diet.)

In a technical sense, 自動 (jidō) is the most common alternative. As noted, 'automatic' systems follow a fixed path, while 'autonomous' (自律) systems can handle variety. If a machine just repeats the same movement, use 自動. If it 'thinks' and adapts, use 自律.

Other Technical Terms
Words like 独断 (dokudan - one's own judgment/arbitrary decision) or 独学 (dokugaku - self-study) share the 'self' kanji but have much narrower meanings than the broad concept of 自律.

彼は独学で日本語を学んだ。(He learned Japanese through self-study.)

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The kanji 律 (ritsu) is the same one used in 法律 (hōritsu - law) and 旋律 (senritsu - melody). This suggests that autonomy is like a personal law or a personal melody that you follow.

发音指南

UK /dʒi.ɾi.tsɯ/
US /dʒi.ɾi.tsu/
Atamadaka (Initial high pitch): JI-ri-tsu. The pitch starts high on 'Ji' and drops on 'ri'.

难度评级

阅读 4/5

The kanji 律 is slightly complex for beginners, and the word is often confused with its homophone.

写作 4/5

Writing 律 correctly requires attention to the radical and the right-hand side components.

口语 3/5

Easy to pronounce, but requires context to distinguish from 'independence'.

听力 4/5

Can be easily confused with '自立' (independence) without clear context.

接下来学什么

前置知识

自分 (Self) 法律 (Law) 立つ (Stand) 心 (Heart/Mind) 動く (Move)

接下来学习

自立 (Independence) 自主 (Initiative) 自制 (Self-restraint) 道徳 (Morality) 管理 (Management)

高级

恒常性 (Homeostasis) 分散型 (Decentralized) 倫理観 (Sense of ethics) 自己効力感 (Self-efficacy) 他律 (Heteronomy)

需要掌握的语法

Suffix ~的 (teki)

自律的 (Jiritsu-teki) - Autonomous.

Suffix ~性 (sei)

自律性 (Jiritsu-sei) - Autonomy.

Adverbial ~的に (teki ni)

自律的に動く (To act autonomously).

Suru-verb conversion

自律する (Rare, but used in academic contexts).

Compound Noun formation

自律神経 (Self + Law + Nerve).

按水平分级的例句

1

自分(じぶん)でルールを決(き)めます。

I decide the rules by myself.

A1 explanation of the concept of self-rule.

2

自律(じりつ)は大事(だいじ)です。

Self-discipline is important.

Basic noun + desu structure.

3

毎日(まいにち)勉強(べんきょう)します。

I study every day.

Showing the result of self-discipline.

4

先生(せんせい)が言(い)わなくてもやります。

I do it even if the teacher doesn't say so.

The core behavior of 'jiritsu'.

5

自分で考(かんが)えて動(うご)きます。

I think and act for myself.

Simple verbs to explain autonomy.

6

これは自律(じりつ)の力(ちから)です。

This is the power of self-discipline.

Noun + no + Noun.

7

朝(あさ)早(はや)く起(お)きます。

I wake up early in the morning.

A basic example of a self-imposed rule.

8

いい習慣(しゅうかん)を作(つく)ります。

I make good habits.

Habit formation is part of 'jiritsu'.

1

自律(じりつ)した生活(せいかつ)を送(おく)りたいです。

I want to lead a self-disciplined life.

Using 'jiritsu shita' as an adjective.

2

彼(かれ)は自律(じりつ)心(しん)があります。

He has a sense of self-discipline.

The compound 'jiritsu-shin' (self-discipline mind).

3

自律(じりつ)神経(しんけい)を整(ととの)えましょう。

Let's regulate our autonomic nervous system.

Introduction to the biological term.

4

学校(がっこう)で自律(じりつ)を学(まな)びます。

We learn self-discipline at school.

Noun as the object of the verb.

5

自分(じぶん)をコントロールすることは難(むずか)しいです。

Controlling yourself is difficult.

Explaining 'jiritsu' with 'control'.

6

自律(じりつ)的(てき)な学習(がくしゅう)が大切(たいせつ)です。

Autonomous learning is important.

Using the 'teki' suffix to make an adjective.

7

自分(じぶん)のルールを守(まも)ります。

I follow my own rules.

The literal meaning of the kanji 律.

8

彼はとても自律(じりつ)しています。

He is very self-disciplined.

Using 'shite iru' to show state.

1

自律(じりつ)的(てき)に仕事(しごと)を進(すす)めてください。

Please proceed with your work autonomously.

Adverbial use 'tekini' with a verb.

2

自由(じゆう)には自律(じりつ)が伴(ともな)います。

Freedom comes with self-discipline.

Using 'tomonau' (to accompany).

3

自律(じりつ)神経(しんけい)失調(しっちょう)症(しょう)に注意(ちゅうい)しましょう。

Let's be careful of autonomic ataxia (imbalance).

Full medical term for autonomic imbalance.

4

子供(こども)の自律(じりつ)性(せい)を育(はぐく)むことが大切(たいせつ)です。

It is important to nurture a child's autonomy.

Using 'sei' to mean 'the quality of'.

5

このロボットは自律(じりつ)型(がた)です。

This robot is an autonomous type.

Using 'gata' to mean 'type/model'.

6

彼は自立(じりつ)していますが、自律(じりつ)していません。

He is independent, but not self-disciplined.

Contrast between the two homophones.

7

自律(じりつ)したチームは生産(せいさん)性(せい)が高(たか)いです。

Autonomous teams have high productivity.

Adjective modifying a noun.

8

自分(じぶん)を律(りっ)するのは易(やす)しいことではありません。

Disciplining oneself is not an easy thing.

Using the verb form of the kanji 律 (rissuru).

1

現代(げんだい)社会(しゃかい)では、個人(こじん)の自律(じりつ)が求(もと)められています。

In modern society, individual autonomy is required.

Passive voice 'motomerarete iru'.

2

自律(じりつ)走行(そうこう)車(しゃ)の開発(かいはつ)が急(いそ)がれています。

The development of autonomous vehicles is being rushed.

Compound noun: Jiritsu Sōkō Sha.

3

ストレスで自律(じりつ)神経(しんけい)のバランスが崩(くず)れた。

The balance of my autonomic nervous system was disrupted by stress.

Using 'kuzureru' (to crumble/be disrupted).

4

管理(かんり)されるのではなく、自律(じりつ)的(てき)に動(うご)く組織(そしき)を目指(めざ)す。

We aim for an organization that acts autonomously rather than being managed.

Contrast between 'kanri sareru' and 'jiritsuteki ni ugoku'.

5

大学(だいがく)は、学生(がくせい)の自律(じりつ)的(てき)な研究(けんきゅう)を支援(しえん)すべきだ。

Universities should support students' autonomous research.

Using 'subeki' (should).

6

自律(じりつ)分散(ぶんさん)システムは、障害(しょうがい)に強(つよ)い。

Autonomous decentralized systems are resilient to failures.

Technical terminology.

7

彼(かれ)の行動(こうどう)は自律(じりつ)的(てき)道徳(どうとく)に基(もと)づいている。

His actions are based on autonomous morality.

Using 'motoduite iru' (based on).

8

自律(じりつ)を促(うなが)す教育(きょういく)方針(ほうしん)を採用(さいよう)した。

We adopted an educational policy that encourages autonomy.

Using 'unagasu' (to encourage/prompt).

1

AIの自律(じりつ)性(せい)が高(たか)まるにつれ、倫理(りんり)的(てき)な問題(もんだい)が浮上(ふじょう)している。

As the autonomy of AI increases, ethical issues are surfacing.

Using 'ni tsure' (as ... increases).

2

カントの哲学(てつがく)において、自律(じりつ)は道徳(どうとく)の根幹(こんかん)である。

In Kant's philosophy, autonomy is the foundation of morality.

Academic context.

3

自律(じりつ)的(てき)な判断(はんだん)を下(くだ)す能力(のうりょく)を養(やしな)う。

Cultivate the ability to make autonomous judgments.

Using 'yashinau' (to cultivate/nurture).

4

国家(こっか)の自律(じりつ)権(けん)を侵害(しんがい)することは許(ゆる)されない。

Infringing upon the autonomous rights of a nation is not permitted.

Political/Legal context.

5

自律(じりつ)神経(しんけい)系(けい)の機能(きのう)不全(ふぜん)が、多(おお)くの現代(げんだい)病(びょう)の原因(げんいん)となっている。

Dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system is the cause of many modern diseases.

Scientific terminology.

6

真(しん)の自由(じゆう)とは、盲目的(もうもくてき)な欲求(よっきゅう)から自律(じりつ)することだ。

True freedom is to be autonomous from blind desires.

Philosophical nuance.

7

組織(そしき)の自律(じりつ)的(てき)進化(しんか)を促(うなが)すメカニズムが必要(ひつよう)だ。

A mechanism that promotes the autonomous evolution of the organization is necessary.

Abstract business concept.

8

彼女(かのじょ)は、他者(たしゃ)の期待(きたい)に依存(いぞん)しない自律(じりつ)的(てき)な生(い)き方(かた)を選(えら)んだ。

She chose an autonomous way of life that does not depend on the expectations of others.

Using 'ikikata' (way of life).

1

自律(じりつ)型(がた)致死(ちし)兵器(へいき)システム(LAWS)に関(かん)する国際(こくさい)的(てき)な議論(ぎろん)が紛糾(ふんきゅう)している。

International discussions regarding Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems (LAWS) are in a state of turmoil.

High-level political/technical jargon.

2

個(こ)の自律(じりつ)と共同体(きょうどうたい)への帰属(きぞく)意識(いしき)の相克(そうこく)は、日本(にほん)近代(きんだい)文学(ぶんがく)の主要(しゅよう)なテーマである。

The conflict between individual autonomy and the sense of belonging to a community is a major theme in modern Japanese literature.

Literary analysis vocabulary.

3

市場(しじょう)の自律(じりつ)的(てき)調整(ちょうせい)機能(きのう)に過度(かど)に期待(きたい)すべきではない。

We should not rely excessively on the market's autonomous adjustment function.

Economic theory terminology.

4

自律(じりつ)的(てき)な主体(しゅたい)としての人間(にんげん)像(ぞう)が、情報(じょうほう)社会(しゃかい)において変容(へんよう)しつつある。

The image of humans as autonomous subjects is undergoing a transformation in the information society.

Sociological/Philosophical discourse.

5

神経(しんけい)生理学(せいりがく)的(てき)な視点(してん)から、自律(じりつ)神経(しんけい)の恒常(こうじょう)性(せい)維持(いじ)メカニズムを詳述(しょうじゅつ)する。

From a neurophysiological perspective, we will detail the homeostasis maintenance mechanism of the autonomic nerves.

Scientific paper style.

6

法(ほう)の支配(しはい)が徹底(てってい)されるためには、市民(しみん)一人(ひとり)ひとりによる道徳(どうとく)的(てき)自律(じりつ)が不可欠(ふかけつ)である。

For the rule of law to be thorough, moral autonomy by each and every citizen is indispensable.

Political philosophy.

7

アルゴリズムによる統治(とうち)は、我々(われわれ)の自律(じりつ)的(てき)意思(いし)決定(けってい)を密(ひそ)かに侵食(しんしょく)している。

Governance by algorithms is secretly eroding our autonomous decision-making.

Critical social theory.

8

自律(じりつ)分散(ぶんさん)型(がた)組織(そしき)(DAO)は、従来(じゅうらい)の中央(ちゅうおう)集権(しゅうけん)的(てき)ガバナンスを打破(だは)する可能性(かのうせい)を秘(ひ)めている。

Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs) hold the potential to break down traditional centralized governance.

Cutting-edge technology/business terminology.

近义词

自主 独立 自立 自己決定

反义词

他律 依存

常见搭配

自律神経
自律的
自律性
自律型
自律心
自律走行
自律学習
自律分散
自律神経失調症
精神的自律

常用短语

自律を促す

— To encourage or prompt autonomy in someone else, like a child or subordinate.

部下の自律を促すマネジメント。(Management that encourages subordinates' autonomy.)

自律を保つ

— To maintain one's self-discipline or autonomous state.

困難な状況でも自律を保つ。(Maintain self-discipline even in difficult situations.)

自律的に動く

— To move or act of one's own accord without needing instructions.

現場の判断で自律的に動く。(Act autonomously based on on-site judgment.)

自律神経の乱れ

— A disruption or imbalance in the autonomic nervous system, often due to stress.

自律神経の乱れを改善する。(Improve the imbalance of the autonomic nervous system.)

個人の自律

— The autonomy of the individual, often discussed in social or ethical contexts.

個人の自律を尊重する社会。(A society that respects individual autonomy.)

自律型の人材

— Autonomous talent; employees who can manage themselves.

弊社は自律型の人材を求めています。(Our company is looking for autonomous talent.)

自律的な判断

— An autonomous decision made based on one's own logic.

自律的な判断が求められる場面。(Situations where autonomous judgment is required.)

自律の精神

— The spirit of autonomy or self-discipline.

校訓は「自律の精神」です。(The school motto is 'The Spirit of Autonomy'.)

自律性を損なう

— To damage or compromise someone's autonomy.

過干渉は子供の自律性を損なう。(Over-interference damages a child's autonomy.)

自律神経を整える

— To regulate or fix the autonomic nervous system (e.g., through sleep or diet).

ヨガで自律神経を整える。(Regulate the autonomic nervous system with yoga.)

容易混淆的词

自律 vs 自立 (Jiritsu)

Independence. Focuses on standing alone/not relying on others. (e.g., financial independence).

自律 vs 自主 (Jishu)

Initiative. Focuses on doing something voluntarily or by choice.

自律 vs 自動 (Jidō)

Automatic. Focuses on pre-programmed actions without decision-making.

习语与表达

"己を律する"

— To discipline oneself; to strictly follow one's own rules (uses the verb form of the kanji).

リーダーはまず己を律しなければならない。(A leader must first discipline himself.)

Formal/Literary
"身を律する"

— Similar to '己を律する', focusing on one's physical conduct and lifestyle.

公人として身を律する。(To discipline one's conduct as a public figure.)

Formal
"自律の徳"

— The virtue of autonomy; seeing self-discipline as a moral excellence.

古来より自律の徳が説かれてきた。(The virtue of autonomy has been preached since ancient times.)

Academic/Literary
"箍を締める"

— Literally 'to tighten the hoop' (on a barrel), idiomatically meaning to tighten discipline/self-control.

緩んだ自律の箍を締め直す。(To retighten the loosened hoop of self-discipline.)

Idiomatic
"襟を正す"

— To straighten one's collar; to correct one's attitude and become disciplined/serious.

自律の重要性を聞き、襟を正した。(Hearing the importance of autonomy, I straightened my posture/attitude.)

Idiomatic
"自分に打ち勝つ"

— To conquer oneself; the ultimate act of 自律.

自律とは、自分に打ち勝つことだ。(Autonomy is about conquering oneself.)

Neutral
"規律を守る"

— To observe discipline/rules; the external manifestation of 自律.

自律心があれば、規律を守るのも苦ではない。(If you have self-discipline, following rules is not painful.)

Neutral
"道を踏み外さない"

— Not to stray from the path; to maintain moral autonomy.

自律の心があれば、道を踏み外すことはない。(If you have a heart of autonomy, you won't stray from the path.)

Literary
"自律の壁"

— The 'wall' of self-discipline; the difficulty of maintaining autonomy.

彼は自律の壁にぶつかっている。(He is hitting the wall of self-discipline.)

Metaphorical
"内なる法"

— The inner law; the essence of the kanji 律 in 自律.

自律とは、内なる法に従うことだ。(Autonomy is following the inner law.)

Philosophical

容易混淆

自律 vs 自立

Homophone (both are 'jiritsu').

自立 is 'Self-Standing' (independence), 自律 is 'Self-Law' (autonomy/discipline).

彼は自立しているが、自律心がない。(He is independent but lacks self-discipline.)

自律 vs 自制

Similar meaning (self-control).

自制 is suppressing impulses (saying no). 自律 is following one's own principles (saying yes to rules).

自制心で食欲を抑える。(Suppress appetite with self-restraint.)

自律 vs 自由

Often associated with autonomy.

自由 is freedom from outside control. 自律 is the internal control that makes freedom meaningful.

自由には自律が伴う。(Freedom comes with autonomy.)

自律 vs 規律

Both use the kanji 律.

規律 usually refers to external group rules or discipline. 自律 is internal.

軍隊の規律は厳しい。(Military discipline is strict.)

自律 vs 自主

Both imply doing things 'by oneself'.

自主 is about the 'will' to do it. 自律 is about the 'system' of doing it consistently.

自主的な参加。(Voluntary participation.)

句型

B1

[Noun]は自律性が高い。

このチームは自律性が高い。(This team has high autonomy.)

B1

自律的に[Verb]。

自律的に学習する。(To study autonomously.)

B2

[Noun]の自律を促す。

部下の自律を促す。(To encourage the autonomy of subordinates.)

B2

自律神経が[Verb]。

自律神経が乱れる。(The autonomic nervous system is disrupted.)

C1

自律型[Noun]。

自律型兵器。(Autonomous weapons.)

C1

自律を重んじる。

個人の自律を重んじる。(To value individual autonomy.)

C2

自律分散型[Noun]。

自律分散型社会。(Autonomous decentralized society.)

C2

道徳的自律に基(もと)づく。

道徳的自律に基づく行動。(Behavior based on moral autonomy.)

词族

名词

自律性 (Autonomy/Property of being autonomous)
自律心 (Sense of self-discipline)
自律神経 (Autonomic nervous system)

动词

律する (Rissuru - To discipline/regulate/govern)

形容词

自律的 (Jiritsuteki - Autonomous/Self-regulating)

相关

自立 (Independence)
自主 (Initiative)
他律 (Heteronomy)
規律 (Discipline/Rules)
法律 (Law)

如何使用

frequency

High in business, technology, and health contexts. Moderate in daily conversation.

常见错误
  • Using 自立 (Stand) instead of 自律 (Law) for self-discipline. 自律心がある。

    自立 refers to independence. For internal discipline, you must use 自律.

  • Saying '自律する' to mean 'to live alone'. 自立して一人暮らしをする。

    Living alone is physical independence (自立), not necessarily mental autonomy (自律).

  • Writing 律 with the 'person' radical (亻). 律 (with 彳).

    The 'step' radical (彳) is essential for the meaning of following a path/law.

  • Using 自動 (Jidō) for an AI that makes complex decisions. 自律型AI。

    Jidō implies a fixed program. Jiritsu implies the ability to adapt and decide.

  • Using 自律 casually for 'good behavior'. お行儀がいい / 自制心がある。

    Jiritsu is a bit formal for daily talk about children being 'good'.

小贴士

Use it in Job Interviews

Saying '私は自律的に仕事に取り組めます' (I can approach work autonomously) is a powerful way to show you are a self-motivated professional.

Mind your Nerves

If you feel dizzy or tired in Japan, try saying '自律神経が乱れているかも' to show you understand the local health context.

The 'Step' Radical

Remember the left side of 律 (彳) is called 'gyō-nin-ben'. It represents a crossroad or walking, symbolizing the 'path' of following rules.

Autonomy vs Independence

Think of '自立' as physical independence and '自律' as mental/moral independence. You need both to be a fully functional adult.

Autonomous AI

When reading about tech, '自律' (Jiritsu) is the word for AI that 'thinks' for itself, whereas '自動' (Jidō) is for AI that just 'does'.

Related Suffixes

Learn ~性 (sei) and ~型 (gata) together with 自律. They appear in 90% of the technical and academic uses of the word.

Group Harmony

In Japan, 自律 is often the bridge between individual freedom and group harmony. If everyone is autonomous, the group runs smoothly without a boss.

Root meaning

Remember that 律 means 'standard.' 自律 is about setting your own standard and living up to it every day.

Homophone hint

If you hear 'Jiritsu' and then 'Shinkei', it's always the 'Law' kanji. There is no such thing as a 'Standing Nerve' (自立神経).

Kantian Autonomy

If you study philosophy in Japanese, this is the exact word used for 'Autonomie' in the works of Kant and Hegel.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'JI' as 'Self' and 'RITSU' as 'Rules'. JI-RITSU = Self-Rules. Imagine yourself as a judge (律) in your own (自) court.

视觉联想

Visualize a compass inside your heart. The needle is you (自), and the directions are the laws (律) you set for yourself.

Word Web

Self Law Robot Nervous System Discipline Freedom Initiative Balance

挑战

Try to spend one whole day following a 'self-rule' you made for yourself (e.g., no social media). At the end of the day, say: '今日は自律的な一日だった' (Today was an autonomous day).

词源

The word is composed of Sinitic (on-yomi) readings of two kanji. '自' (ji) comes from a pictograph of a nose, which ancient Chinese used to point to themselves, meaning 'self.' '律' (ritsu) originally referred to bamboo pitch pipes used to set the standard for music, eventually evolving to mean 'standard,' 'law,' or 'rule.'

原始含义: To regulate oneself according to a standard.

Sino-Japanese (Kango)

文化背景

Be careful when discussing '自律神経失調症' (autonomic imbalance). While common, it is a medical condition, so use it with empathy.

In English, 'autonomy' sounds very formal or political. In Japanese, '自律' is used more broadly in daily life, especially regarding health (nerves) and personal habits.

The term '自律神経失調症' is a very common diagnosis in Japanese pop culture and manga for characters suffering from stress. Immanuel Kant's 'Critique of Practical Reason' is the source of the philosophical definition used in Japanese academia. The 'Jiritsu-gata Robot' is a staple of Japanese sci-fi, from Astro Boy to modern anime.

在生活中练习

真实语境

Health and Medicine

  • 自律神経の乱れ
  • 自律神経を整える
  • 交感神経と副交感神経
  • ストレスと自律神経

Business and Management

  • 自律型人材
  • 自律的組織
  • 自律的に働く
  • 個人の自律性

Education

  • 自律学習
  • 自律した生徒
  • 自律性を育む
  • 学習の自律

Engineering and AI

  • 自律走行車
  • 自律型ロボット
  • 自律システム
  • 自律制御

Philosophy and Ethics

  • 道徳的自律
  • 個人の自律
  • 自律と自由
  • カントの自律

对话开场白

"どうすれば自律的な生活を送れると思いますか? (How do you think one can lead an autonomous life?)"

"最近、自律神経の調子はどうですか? (How has your autonomic nervous system been lately?)"

"自律型ロボットが普及することに賛成ですか? (Are you in favor of autonomous robots becoming widespread?)"

"あなたの仕事では、自律的な判断がどのくらい必要ですか? (How much autonomous judgment is required in your job?)"

"子供の自律性を育てるために、親ができることは何でしょうか? (What can parents do to nurture a child's autonomy?)"

日记主题

今日の自分の行動は、どのくらい「自律的」でしたか?具体的に書いてみましょう。 (How 'autonomous' were your actions today? Write specifically.)

あなたが自分自身に課している「律(ルール)」は何ですか? (What 'laws/rules' do you impose on yourself?)

自律神経を整えるために、今日から始められる習慣を3つ挙げてください。 (List three habits you can start today to regulate your autonomic nervous system.)

AIが完全に自律的になったとき、人間には何が残ると思いますか? (What do you think will remain for humans when AI becomes completely autonomous?)

「自律」と「自立」の違いについて、自分の経験を交えて説明してください。 (Explain the difference between 'autonomy' and 'independence' using your own experiences.)

常见问题

10 个问题

Yes, in almost all contexts, 自律 is a positive trait. It suggests maturity, reliability, and sophistication. However, in some critical social theories, it can be used to describe how people 'self-police' or internalize social control.

Generally, no. 自律 implies a rational following of internal laws, which is usually attributed to humans or advanced AI. For animals, we would use words related to instinct or training.

自律的 (Jiritsuteki) is an adjective for behavior or qualities ('He is autonomous'). 自律型 (Jiritsugata) is a classification for types of systems or robots ('An autonomous type robot').

Listen for context. If they are talking about 'living alone' or 'money', it's 自立. If they are talking about 'nerves', 'AI', or 'discipline', it's 自律.

In Japan, 'disruption of the autonomic nervous system' is a very common explanation for feeling 'under the weather' due to stress. It's a common cultural health concept.

While '自律する' exists, it sounds very formal. It's much more common to use '自律的に行動する' or '自律心を持つ'.

他律 (Taritsu) is the antonym. It means being governed by others. Children are often '他律的' because they follow their parents' rules.

Yes, techniques like 'Autogenic Training' (自律訓練法) are used in Japan to help regulate the autonomic nervous system through relaxation.

Yes, a '自律的組織' is a company where teams and individuals have the power to make their own decisions without waiting for headquarters.

Originally, 律 referred to the standard pitch. Just as music follows a specific rhythm and law, an autonomous person follows their own 'rhythm' or 'law'.

自我测试 190 个问题

writing

Write a sentence using '自律的に' (autonomously).

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
writing

Write a sentence about your '自律神経' (autonomic nerves).

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
writing

Explain why '自律' is important in a company.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
writing

Write a sentence using '自律型ロボット'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
writing

Discuss the ethics of '自律走行車'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
writing

Write about the difference between '自律' and '自立'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
writing

Analyze the role of '自律' in modern literature.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
writing

Write 'I want to be self-disciplined' in Japanese.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
writing

Write 'Nurture your child's autonomy'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
writing

Write 'Self-discipline is necessary for freedom'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
writing

Write 'I have strong self-discipline'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
writing

Write 'Please act autonomously'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
writing

Write 'Infringing on national autonomy'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
writing

Write about 'Autonomous Decentralized Organizations'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
writing

Write 'Self-discipline is important'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
writing

Write 'Regulate the nerves with yoga'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
writing

Write 'An autonomous learning attitude'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
writing

Write 'Moral autonomy is the foundation'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
writing

Write 'Algorithm erodes our autonomy'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
writing

Write 'He lacks self-discipline'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
speaking

Say 'I study Japanese autonomously' in Japanese.

Read this aloud:

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
speaking

Say 'Self-discipline is important' in Japanese.

Read this aloud:

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
speaking

Say 'My autonomic nerves are out of balance' in Japanese.

Read this aloud:

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
speaking

Say 'Please act autonomously' in Japanese.

Read this aloud:

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
speaking

Discuss the pros of autonomous robots.

Read this aloud:

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
speaking

Explain the difference between 'jiritsu' and 'jiritsu'.

Read this aloud:

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
speaking

Give a short speech on the future of autonomous systems.

Read this aloud:

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
speaking

Say 'He has self-discipline'.

Read this aloud:

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
speaking

Say 'I want to lead a self-disciplined life'.

Read this aloud:

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
speaking

Say 'Freedom requires self-discipline'.

Read this aloud:

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
speaking

Say 'Nurture autonomy'.

Read this aloud:

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
speaking

Say 'Encourage autonomy'.

Read this aloud:

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
speaking

Say 'Autonomous judgment'.

Read this aloud:

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
speaking

Say 'Decentralized autonomous organization'.

Read this aloud:

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
speaking

Say 'Self-discipline' (the word).

Read this aloud:

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
speaking

Say 'Strong self-discipline'.

Read this aloud:

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
speaking

Say 'Autonomous type'.

Read this aloud:

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
speaking

Say 'Moral autonomy'.

Read this aloud:

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
speaking

Say 'Autonomous decision making'.

Read this aloud:

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
speaking

Say 'Maintain autonomy'.

Read this aloud:

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
listening

Listen and identify the word: 自律 (Jiritsu).

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
listening

Listen and identify the phrase: 自律神経 (Jiritsu shinkei).

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
listening

Listen and identify: 自律的に動く (Jiritsuteki ni ugoku).

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
listening

Listen and identify: 自律型ロボット (Jiritsugata robotto).

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
listening

Listen and identify: 自律性を育む (Jiritsusei o hagukumu).

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
listening

Listen and identify: 他律的な行動 (Taritsuteki na kōdō).

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
listening

Listen and identify: 自律分散型システム (Jiritsu bunsangata shisutemu).

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
listening

Listen and identify: 自律心 (Jiritsushin).

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
listening

Listen and identify: 自律学習 (Jiritsu gakushū).

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
listening

Listen and identify: 自律を促す (Jiritsu o unagasu).

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
listening

Listen and identify: 自律した生活 (Jiritsu shita seikatsu).

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
listening

Listen and identify: 自律的な判断 (Jiritsuteki na handan).

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
listening

Listen and identify: 道徳的自律 (Dōtokuteki jiritsu).

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
listening

Listen and identify: 自律走行車 (Jiritsu sōkō sha).

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
listening

Listen and identify: 自律 (Jiritsu).

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
正确! 不太对。 正确答案:

/ 190 correct

Perfect score!

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