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競争的な

B1 noun 9分钟阅读

競争的な

开始练习例句笔记与提示 競争的な 30秒了解

解析 競争的な in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to use 'kyousouteki-na' often. Instead, you focus on the simple idea of 'winning' (katsu) or 'losing' (makeru). However, you can understand 'kyousou' as a 'race' or 'game.' Think of it as the word for when two people want the same thing. You might hear it in very simple sentences about sports. For example, 'This is a game (kyousou).' At this stage, just remember that the word starts with 'kyou' (together) and 'sou' (running/struggling). It is about doing something 'together' but trying to be first. You can think of it like a race in a park. Even if the grammar is a bit hard, just knowing it means 'competitive' or 'rivalry' helps you understand when people are talking about sports or school games.

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At the A2 level, you start learning 'na-adjectives' like 'kirei-na' or 'shizuka-na.' You can now use 'kyousouteki-na' to describe things. For example, 'a competitive game' (kyousouteki-na geemu). You should know that 'na' is very important; you cannot skip it if a noun follows. You might also see the word in simple news clips about companies or sports teams. At this level, focus on using it for environments. 'My school is competitive' (Watashi no gakkou wa kyousouteki desu). This is a great word to have in your vocabulary because it sounds more 'adult' than just saying 'everyone wants to win.' It helps you describe the atmosphere of a place.

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At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'kyousouteki-na' in various contexts, especially business and education. You are now expected to understand the suffix '-teki' (-ic/-ive). You can use it to talk about 'competitive prices' (kyousouteki-na kakaku) or a 'competitive market' (kyousouteki-na shijou). This is the level where you distinguish between the noun 'kyousou' and the adjective 'kyousouteki.' You should also be able to compare it with other words like 'hageshii' (intense). For instance, 'The competition is intense' (kyousou ga hageshii) vs 'It is a competitive environment' (kyousouteki-na kankyou). You will start hearing this word in discussions about Japanese society and the pressure students face during exams.

At the B2 level, you can use 'kyousouteki-na' to express complex social and economic ideas. You should understand collocations like 'kyousouteki-na yuui' (competitive advantage) and 'kyousouteki-na kousou' (competitive structure). You are also learning to use it to describe personality traits, though you know that 'kyousoushin ga tsuyoi' is often more natural for people. You can discuss the pros and cons of a 'competitive society' (kyousou shakai) using this adjective. At this level, you should be able to write an essay about whether competition is good or bad for children, using 'kyousouteki-na' to describe the school systems of different countries. You understand the nuance that 'kyousouteki' is a formal, analytical word.

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At the C1 level, you use 'kyousouteki-na' with precision in academic and professional settings. You recognize the word in legal documents (e.g., antitrust laws or 'competitive bidding' - kyousouteki nyuusatsu). You can distinguish between 'kyousouteki' and more specific terms like 'taikouteki' (rivalrous/antagonistic) or 'haitateki' (exclusive). You are aware of the sociological implications of the word in Japanese culture, such as the tension between 'kyousou' (competition) and 'kyoukyou' (cooperation). You can use the word to critique corporate strategies or government policies in high-level debates. Your usage includes complex sentence structures that place 'kyousouteki' within relative clauses or as part of abstract philosophical arguments.

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At the C2 level, 'kyousouteki-na' is a tool for nuanced discourse. You understand its historical etymology and how the concept of 'competition' was integrated into Japanese during the Meiji era. You can use it to discuss game theory, market equilibrium, or the psychological effects of competitive frameworks on human behavior. You can detect subtle ironies when the word is used in literature or political rhetoric. You are comfortable using it in highly formal speeches or when writing research papers. At this level, you don't just know what the word means; you know the entire 'field' of meaning around it, including its antonyms and related metaphors. You can explain why 'kyousouteki' might be chosen over a more common word to create a specific tone of objectivity or professional distance.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

競争的な 30秒了解

A na-adjective meaning 'competitive' or 'rivalrous,' used to describe environments, personalities, and business strategies where people strive to outdo each other.
Commonly used in formal contexts like news, business reports, and academic writing to discuss market dynamics or societal pressures.
Requires the particle 'na' before nouns and 'desu/da' at the end of sentences; derived from 'kyousou' (competition) + 'teki' (-ive).
Distinguish from 'kyousoushin ga tsuyoi' (strong competitive spirit), which is more natural for describing a person's character in daily speech.

The term 競争的な (kyousouteki-na) is a quintessential Japanese adjectival noun (na-adjective) used to describe environments, behaviors, or personalities characterized by competition. At its core, it combines the noun kyousou (competition) with the suffix teki, which functions similarly to the English suffix "-ic" or "-ive," transforming a concept into a descriptive quality. When you encounter this word, think of an atmosphere where individuals or entities are striving to outdo one another, whether for resources, status, or victory. It is a word that bridges the gap between the neutral act of competing and the inherent quality of being competitive. In Japanese society, where harmony (wa) is often prioritized, describing someone as 競争的な can carry various nuances depending on the context—ranging from a positive trait of being ambitious to a slightly cautionary observation about someone who might be too focused on winning.

The Core Concept: It refers to a state where multiple parties are vying for the same goal, emphasizing the nature of the interaction rather than just the event itself.
Morphological Breakdown: Kyousou (競争) means 'competition' or 'race.' Teki (的) is a suffix that targets the quality of the preceding noun. Na (な) is the attributive particle required to link it to a noun.

"現代のビジネス界は非常に競争的な環境にあります。" (The modern business world is in an extremely competitive environment.)

Context: Business Strategy Seminar

In professional settings, you will frequently hear this word during market analysis or performance reviews. A 競争的な価格 (kyousouteki-na kakaku) refers to a competitive price—one that is low enough to attract customers away from rivals. Meanwhile, a 競争的な性格 (kyousouteki-na seikaku) describes a person who has a 'competitive personality.' Understanding the weight of this word involves recognizing that in Japan, being 'too competitive' can sometimes be seen as disruptive to group cohesion, so it is often paired with adverbs like hageshiku (intensely) or amari ni mo (excessively) to indicate a negative surplus of the trait.

"彼は競争的なスポーツが大好きです。" (He loves competitive sports.)

Social Nuance: In educational contexts, 'kyousouteki' is often used to discuss the 'Examination Hell' (juken jigoku) where the environment is described as 'kyousouteki' due to the pressure of ranking.

Using 競争的な (kyousouteki-na) correctly requires an understanding of Japanese adjective grammar, specifically the 'na-adjective' rules. Unlike 'i-adjectives' (like hayai or tsuyoi), na-adjectives require the particle na when they precede a noun and da/desu when they end a sentence. Because kyousouteki is derived from a noun + suffix, it follows this pattern strictly. You will use it to modify nouns like kankyou (environment), shijou (market), kankei (relationship), and seishin (spirit).

Grammar Rule 1: Attributive Use: [Adjective] + な + [Noun]. Example: 競争的な人 (A competitive person).
Grammar Rule 2: Predicative Use: [Subject] + は + [Adjective] + です. Example: その市場は競争的です (That market is competitive).

"私たちは競争的な優位性を維持しなければなりません。" (We must maintain a competitive advantage.)

Note: 'Competitive advantage' is a common business collocation.

When describing a person's character, you might say kare wa kyousouteki da. However, to sound more natural, Japanese speakers often use the noun form kyousou-shin (competitive spirit) to say kyousou-shin ga tsuyoi (literally: competitive spirit is strong). Using the adjective kyousouteki often sounds slightly more formal or academic, making it perfect for reports, news articles, or professional discussions about market dynamics or social trends. If you are talking about a friendly game among friends, kyousouteki might sound a bit too heavy; you'd likely use kisoiau (competing with each other) instead.

"このプロジェクトには、競争的な要素が含まれています。" (This project includes competitive elements.)

Furthermore, the word can be modified by degree adverbs. Totemo kyousouteki (very competitive), wari-to kyousouteki (relatively competitive), and hageshiku kyousouteki (intensely competitive) are all common. In academic writing, you might see kyousouteki shijou kousou (competitive market structure), where the word is used to define a specific economic condition. In these cases, the 'na' is sometimes omitted in compound technical terms, but for general use, always keep it.

The word 競争的な (kyousouteki-na) is a staple in specific domains of Japanese life. If you turn on the news or open a business journal like the Nihon Keizai Shimbun (Nikkei), you will see it daily. It is the go-to word for discussing globalization and how Japanese companies must become more kyousouteki to survive on the world stage. In this context, it carries a sense of urgency and necessity. It's not just about 'fighting'; it's about the 'capability to compete.'

The Business World: Heard in boardrooms: "Kyousouteki-na yuui" (Competitive advantage) is a key phrase during strategy meetings.
Educational Settings: Heard in schools: Teachers might discuss the "kyousouteki-na fun-iki" (competitive atmosphere) of a high-achieving class.

"IT業界は、常に競争的な変化にさらされています。" (The IT industry is constantly exposed to competitive changes.)

You will also hear this in sports commentary, though often in a more analytical sense. Rather than saying a game is 'exciting,' a commentator might describe the match as kyousouteki to highlight the tactical struggle and the high level of both teams. In social commentary, the word is used to critique the 'competitive society' (kyousou shakai). Critics might argue that a kyousouteki-na shakai (competitive society) leads to high stress and burnout, making it a central term in debates about work-life balance in Japan.

In everyday conversation, you might hear a parent talking about their child's entrance exams: "Kyousouteki-na kankyou de ganbatte iru" (They are doing their best in a competitive environment). Here, the word provides a sense of the external pressure the child is facing. It's less about the child's desire to win and more about the reality of the system they are in. Understanding this distinction—between personal drive and environmental pressure—is key to mastering the word's usage in natural Japanese.

Even though 競争的な (kyousouteki-na) seems straightforward, English speakers often stumble because of the way 'competitive' is used in English versus how 'kyousouteki' is used in Japanese. The most frequent error is using kyousouteki when you actually mean 'aggressive' or 'ambitious' in a personal sense. While a competitive person is often ambitious, in Japanese, kyousouteki leans heavily toward the 'rivalry' aspect. If someone is just 'hard-working' or 'driven,' words like jounetsuteki (passionate) or koukishin-oubi (full of curiosity) might be more appropriate.

Mistake 1: Forgetting the 'Na': Saying 'kyousouteki hito' instead of 'kyousouteki-na hito'. This is grammatically incorrect and sounds very jarring to native ears.
Mistake 2: Confusing with 'Competitive Price': While 'kyousouteki-na kakaku' is correct, people sometimes use 'kyousouteki' to mean 'cheap.' It doesn't mean cheap; it means the price is set in a way that competes with others.

"× 彼はとても競争的です。" (He is very competitive - grammatically okay but contextually stiff.)

Better: 彼は競争心が強い (He has a strong competitive spirit).

Another nuance to watch for is the difference between kyousou (competition) and kyougi (game/match). You wouldn't say a soccer game is a kyousouteki-na game; you would say it's a hageshii shiai (intense match). Kyousouteki describes the *nature* of the interaction, not the specific event of the game. Using it for a single match sounds like you are analyzing the sociological impact of the sport rather than enjoying the play.

Lastly, be careful with the suffix -teki. While it's tempting to add it to every noun to make an adjective, it doesn't always work. Stick to established words like kyousouteki. Trying to invent words like shiai-teki (match-like) will only lead to confusion. Always check if the noun already has a standard adjective form before applying the -teki rule.

To truly master 競争的な (kyousouteki-na), you must know its neighbors. Japanese has many ways to express rivalry and competition, each with a slightly different flavor. Depending on whether you want to sound casual, professional, or poetic, you might choose a different word. Understanding these synonyms will help you avoid repetitive language and allow you to express the exact intensity of the competition you are describing.

競争心が強い (Kyousoushin ga tsuyoi): Literally 'competitive spirit is strong.' This is the most natural way to describe a person who hates losing. It focuses on the internal drive.
激しい (Hageshii): Means 'intense' or 'fierce.' Often used to describe the competition itself: 'hageshii kyousou' (fierce competition). It emphasizes the heat of the battle.
切磋琢磨する (Sessa-takuma suru): A four-character idiom (yojijukugo) meaning to 'work hard together' or 'improve each other through friendly rivalry.' This is a very positive, virtuous way to view competition.

"ライバルと切磋琢磨して、技術を磨いています。" (I am polishing my skills by working hard together with my rivals.)

When comparing kyousouteki to kisoiau (to compete/vie), the former is an adjective describing a state, while the latter is a verb describing the action. If you want to say 'Companies are competing for market share,' you use kisoiau. If you want to say 'It is a competitive market,' you use kyousouteki-na shijou. Another alternative is taikou-teki (antagonistic/rivalrous), which is used when there is a specific 'anti' sentiment or a direct counter-action against someone else.

In summary, choose kyousouteki-na when you need a formal, descriptive adjective for an environment or strategy. Choose kyousoushin ga tsuyoi for people's personalities. Choose hageshii to emphasize the struggle, and sessa-takuma to emphasize the growth that comes from the rivalry. By alternating between these, your Japanese will sound much more sophisticated and nuanced.

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

Before the Meiji era, the word 'kyousou' wasn't used much for social or economic concepts. It was coined to explain how Western markets and societies functioned to Japanese people who were more used to feudal cooperation.

发音指南

UK /kʲoː.soː.te.ki.na/

US /kʲoː.soː.te.ki.na/

Japanese uses pitch accent. In 'kyousouteki', the pitch typically rises on 'kyo' and stays high until 'teki', where it may drop slightly depending on the sentence context.

押韵词

teki-na (common suffix pattern) teki-da (ending a sentence) seijiteki-na (political) kagakuteki-na (scientific) koukiteki-na (official) kojin-teki-na (individual) ippan-teki-na (general) kihon-teki-na (basic)

常见错误

Pronouncing 'kyo' as two syllables (kee-oh).
Shortening the long 'o' sounds in 'kyousou'.
Over-stressing the 'teki' suffix like an English word.
Pronouncing 'na' as 'nay'.
Treating it as a verb instead of an adjective.

难度评级

阅读 3/5

The kanji are common but require attention to the 'teki' suffix.

写作 4/5

The kanji for 'kyou' (競) and 'sou' (争) have many strokes and are easy to miswrite.

口语 3/5

Pronunciation is rhythmic, but remember the long 'o' sounds.

听力 2/5

Easy to recognize because 'kyousou' is a frequent word.

接下来学什么

前置知识

競争 (Competition) 的 (Suffix) 勝つ (To win) 負ける (To lose) 性格 (Personality)

接下来学习

競争力 (Competitiveness) 優先 (Priority) 効率 (Efficiency) 戦略 (Strategy) 市場 (Market)

高级

独占禁止法 (Antitrust law) 切磋琢磨 (Mutual improvement) 覇権 (Hegemony) 淘汰 (Selection/Elimination) 均衡 (Equilibrium)

需要掌握的语法

Na-Adjective Modification

競争的な人 (Competitive person) - Uses 'na' to modify a noun.

The '-teki' Suffix

経済的 (Economic), 政治的 (Political) - Turns nouns into adjectives.

Adverbial form '-ni'

競争的に行動する (Act competitively) - Changes 'na' to 'ni' for adverbs.

Negative 'dewa nai'

その環境は競争的ではない (That environment is not competitive).

Noun + 'da/desu' ending

この市場は競争的です (This market is competitive).

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按水平分级的例句

これは競争的なゲームです。

This is a competitive game.

Uses 'na' to connect the adjective to 'game'.

競争的なスポーツは楽しいです。

Competitive sports are fun.

Simple subject-verb structure.

彼は競争的な人ですか？

Is he a competitive person?

Question form using 'ka'.

あまり競争的なことは好きじゃないです。

I don't like competitive things very much.

Negative preference sentence.

競争的な環境は大変です。

A competitive environment is hard.

Adjective modifying 'environment'.

もっと競争的な活動をしましょう。

Let's do more competitive activities.

Using 'mashou' for a suggestion.

競争的なルールがあります。

There are competitive rules.

Describing 'rules'.

このクラスは競争的ですね。

This class is competitive, isn't it?

Using 'ne' for agreement.

その会社はとても競争的な雰囲気です。

That company has a very competitive atmosphere.

Describing atmosphere (fun-iki).

競争的な価格で売りたいです。

I want to sell at a competitive price.

Using 'de' to indicate price level.

競争的な関係は疲れます。

Competitive relationships are tiring.

Expressing a feeling about a relationship.

彼女は競争的な性格をしています。

She has a competitive personality.

Using 'wo shite iru' to describe a trait.

この市場は非常に競争的だ。

This market is extremely competitive.

Plain form 'da' for a statement.

競争的な社会で生きるのは難しい。

Living in a competitive society is difficult.

Gerund 'ikiru no wa' as the subject.

競争的な要素が少ないゲームです。

It's a game with few competitive elements.

Using 'sukunai' to indicate lack.

もっと競争的な考え方が必要です。

A more competitive way of thinking is necessary.

Describing a 'way of thinking' (kangaekata).

競争的な市場では、品質が重要です。

In a competitive market, quality is important.

Setting the scene with 'de wa'.

彼は競争的な精神を持って取り組んでいます。

He is working with a competitive spirit.

Using 'motte' to show the state of mind.

競争的な入札が行われました。

A competitive bidding process was held.

Passive voice 'okonawaremashita'.

この地域は競争的な教育環境で知られています。

This area is known for its competitive educational environment.

Using 'de shirarete iru' (known for).

競争的な価格設定が成功の鍵です。

Competitive pricing is the key to success.

Compound noun 'kakaku settei'.

競争的な立場にあることを忘れないでください。

Please don't forget that you are in a competitive position.

Noun clause 'koto wo' as object.

競争的な要素を取り入れることで、やる気が出ます。

By introducing competitive elements, motivation increases.

Using 'koto de' to show means/method.

企業は競争的な優位性を求めています。

Companies are seeking competitive advantage.

Direct object 'yuuisei' (advantage).

競争的な環境が、技術革新を促進します。

A competitive environment promotes technological innovation.

Causal relationship with 'sokushin shimasu'.

あまりに競争的な態度は、チームワークを壊す可能性があります。

An excessively competitive attitude may break teamwork.

Using 'kanousei ga aru' (there is a possibility).

競争的な市場構造を分析する必要があります。

It is necessary to analyze the competitive market structure.

Using 'hitsuyou ga aru' (there is a necessity).

グローバル化により、競争的な状況が激化しています。

Due to globalization, the competitive situation is intensifying.

Using 'ni yori' to show cause.

競争的な資金の獲得が、研究の継続に不可欠です。

Obtaining competitive funds is essential for continuing research.

Using 'fukaketsu' (indispensable).

彼は、競争的なビジネスの世界で生き抜いてきました。

He has survived in the competitive business world.

Using 'ikinuku' (to survive through).

競争的な圧力が、コスト削減を強いています。

Competitive pressure is forcing cost reductions.

Using 'shiite iru' (forcing).

競争的な性格が、彼の成功の原動力となりました。

His competitive personality became the driving force of his success.

Using 'gendouryoku' (driving force).

この政策は、市場の競争的な活力を削ぐ恐れがある。

This policy may undermine the competitive vitality of the market.

Formal 'osore ga aru' (fear/risk that).

競争的な均衡状態に達するためには、透明性が必要です。

Transparency is necessary to reach a state of competitive equilibrium.

Academic term 'kyousouteki kinkou' (competitive equilibrium).

競争的な文脈において、独占禁止法は重要な役割を果たす。

In a competitive context, antitrust laws play an important role.

Using 'yakuwari wo hatasu' (play a role).

現代社会の競争的な性質が、個人の精神衛生に及ぼす影響は大きい。

The competitive nature of modern society has a significant impact on individual mental health.

Complex subject with 'oyobosu eikyou' (impact exerted).

競争的な入札プロセスにおける公平性の担保が求められている。

Ensuring fairness in the competitive bidding process is required.

Formal 'tanpo' (guarantee/securing).

競争的な優位を築くためには、独自の資源が必要です。

Unique resources are needed to build a competitive advantage.

Using 'kizuku' (to build/establish).

この論文は、競争的な学習環境が学生の創造性に与える影響を論じている。

This paper discusses the impact of competitive learning environments on student creativity.

Using 'ronjite iru' (discussing/arguing).

競争的なパラダイムからの転換が、持続可能な発展には不可欠だ。

A shift from a competitive paradigm is essential for sustainable development.

Using 'tenkan' (shift/conversion).

新自由主義的な経済政策は、あらゆる領域を競争的な原理で再編しようとした。

Neoliberal economic policies attempted to restructure every domain according to competitive principles.

Using 'saihen' (restructuring/reorganization).

競争的な関係性が、かえって共謀を招くという逆説的な現象が観察される。

A paradoxical phenomenon is observed where competitive relationships actually lead to collusion.

Using 'gyakusetsuteki' (paradoxical).

彼は、競争的な言説がどのように社会の価値観を形成するかを批判的に考察した。

He critically examined how competitive discourse shapes societal values.

Using 'gensetsu' (discourse).

競争的な動機付けが、長期的には内発的動機づけを減退させる可能性がある。

Competitive motivation may diminish intrinsic motivation in the long run.

Using 'gentai' (decline/diminishment).

グローバル資本主義の下での競争的な生存戦略は、個人の疎外を加速させている。

Competitive survival strategies under global capitalism are accelerating the alienation of individuals.

Using 'sogai' (alienation).

競争的な優位性の源泉は、単なる効率性から、意味の創造へと移行しつつある。

The source of competitive advantage is shifting from mere efficiency to the creation of meaning.

Using 'ikou' (transition).

その法案は、競争的な秩序を維持しつつ、労働者の権利を保護することを目指している。

The bill aims to protect workers' rights while maintaining a competitive order.

Using 'tsutsu' (while/at the same time).

競争的な環境における『勝者総取り』の論理は、格差の拡大を正当化する言説として機能している。

The 'winner-take-all' logic in a competitive environment functions as a discourse that justifies widening inequality.

Using 'shousha soudori' (winner-take-all).

近义词

競争心が強い激しい対抗的な競い合う切磋琢磨する負けず嫌い覇権を争う競合する

反义词

協力的な非競争的な平和的な独占的な

常见搭配

競争的な価格

競争的な環境

競争的な優位

競争的な性格

競争的な市場

競争的な入札

競争的な要素

競争的な関係

競争的な精神

競争的な雰囲気

常用短语

競争的な立場

— Being in a position where one must compete. It implies vulnerability or the need for action.

我々は競争的な立場に置かれている。

競争的な社会

— A society characterized by high competition. Often used in social critiques.

競争的な社会ではストレスが多い。

競争的な手段

— Methods used to win or gain an advantage over others.

競争的な手段を用いてシェアを奪う。

競争的な原理

— The principle of competition as a governing rule.

市場は競争的な原理で動いている。

競争的な均衡

— A state where competitive forces balance each other out (equilibrium).

競争的な均衡が保たれている。

競争的な圧力

— Pressure felt from rivals or the market to perform better.

競争的な圧力が強まっている。

競争的な活力

— The energy or drive that competition brings to a group or economy.

競争的な活力を維持する。

競争的な利益

— Benefits gained through successful competition.

競争的な利益を追求する。

競争的な文化

— A culture (corporate or national) that encourages competition.

この会社には競争的な文化がある。

競争的な動機

— The motivation stemming from the desire to beat others.

彼の行動は競争的な動機に基づいている。

容易混淆的词

競争的な vs 攻撃的な (Kougekiteki-na)

Means 'aggressive.' While competitive people can be aggressive, 'kyousouteki' specifically refers to the rivalry/contest aspect.

競争的な vs 積極的な (Sekkyokuteki-na)

Means 'proactive' or 'positive.' A person can be proactive without being competitive with others.

競争的な vs 野心的な (Yashinteki-na)

Means 'ambitious.' This focuses on the goal, whereas 'kyousouteki' focuses on the struggle against others.

习语与表达

"しのぎを削る"

— To compete fiercely; literally to shave off the ridges of swords.

二社は市場でしのぎを削っている。

Formal/Literary

"一歩も引かない"

— Not to back down an inch; used in competitive situations.

競争的なレースで、彼は一歩も引かなかった。

Neutral

"火花を散らす"

— To have a heated rivalry; literally to scatter sparks.

二人のライバルが火花を散らしている。

Neutral

"白熱する"

— To become heated or intense (as in a competition).

競争的な議論が白熱した。

Neutral

"首位を争う"

— To fight for the top position.

彼らは常に首位を争う競争的な関係だ。

Common

"抜きつ抜かれつ"

— Overtaking and being overtaken; a neck-and-neck race.

二人は抜きつ抜かれつの競争的な展開を見せた。

Common

"鎬を削る"

— Same as 'しのぎを削る' (fierce competition).

業界の鎬を削る競争に参加する。

Formal

"出し抜く"

— To outwit or get ahead of someone secretly.

競争的なビジネスで相手を出し抜く。

Neutral

"独走する"

— To run alone at the front; to have no competition.

彼は競争的な状況でも独走している。

Neutral

"水をあける"

— To leave someone far behind in a race.

ライバルに大きな水をあける競争的な勝利だ。

Neutral

容易混淆

競争的な vs 競争 (Kyousou)

Both relate to competition.

Kyousou is a noun (the act); Kyousouteki is an adjective (the quality). You can have a 'kyousou' (race), but the 'kyousouteki' atmosphere is the feeling of that race.

競争に参加する (Join a competition) vs 競争的な雰囲気 (Competitive atmosphere).

競争的な vs 競合 (Kyougou)

Both involve competing.

Kyougou is usually used for companies or products that directly clash in the market. Kyousouteki is a broader description of the state of competition.

競合他社 (Competing companies) vs 競争的な市場 (Competitive market).

競争的な vs 対抗 (Taikou)

Both imply rivalry.

Taikou implies a direct 'counter' or 'opposition' to a specific person or move. Kyousouteki is a general state of vying for a goal.

対抗策 (Counter-measure) vs 競争的な手段 (Competitive means).

競争的な vs 競技 (Kyougi)

Both relate to sports/contests.

Kyougi is the formal name for an event or discipline (e.g., 'Olympic events'). Kyousouteki describes how hard people are trying to win in those events.

球技という競技 (The sport called ball games) vs 競争的な試合 (A competitive match).

競争的な vs 格差 (Kakusa)

Often discussed together.

Kakusa is the 'gap' or 'disparity' that often results from a 'kyousouteki' (competitive) society.

競争的な社会が格差を生む (A competitive society creates gaps).

句型

[Noun] は競争的です。

この学校は競争的です。

競争的な [Noun] を [Verb]。

競争的な価格を設定します。

[Adverb] 競争的な [Noun]。

非常に競争的な社会。

[Noun] が競争的になる。

市場がさらに競争的になる。

競争的な [Noun] にさらされる。

競争的な環境にさらされる。

競争的な [Noun] を削ぐ。

市場の競争的な活力を削ぐ。

競争的な [Noun] を維持する。

競争的な優位を維持する。

競争的な [Noun] の下で [Verb]。

競争的な原理の下で再編される。

词族

名词

競争 (Kyousou) - Competition

競争心 (Kyousoushin) - Competitive spirit

競争者 (Kyousousha) - Competitor

競争力 (Kyousouryoku) - Competitiveness

动词

競争する (Kyousou suru) - To compete

競う (Kisou) - To vie/emulate

争う (Aragou) - To struggle/dispute

形容词

競争的 (Kyousouteki) - Competitive (attributive/predicative)

激しい (Hageshii) - Intense (often describes competition)

如何使用

frequency

High in business, education, and news; Medium in casual daily life.

常见错误

競争的人 (Kyousouteki hito) → 競争的な人 (Kyousouteki-na hito)
You must use 'na' between a na-adjective and a noun.
彼は競争的です (Used for a 'hard worker') → 彼は頑張り屋です (Kare wa ganbariya desu)
In Japanese, 'kyousouteki' implies a rivalry with others. If you just mean someone works hard, 'ganbariya' is better.
競争的な試合 (For a fun game) → 白熱した試合 (Hakunetsu shita shiai)
'Kyousouteki' is too formal for a casual sports match. 'Hakunetsu shita' (heated/exciting) is more natural.
競争的価格 (Kyousouteki kakaku) → 競争的な価格 (Kyousouteki-na kakaku)
Even in business, the 'na' is usually required unless it's a very specific technical compound.
競争的に勝つ (Kyousouteki ni katsu) → 競争で勝つ (Kyousou de katsu)
You don't 'win competitively' in Japanese; you 'win in a competition.' 'Kyousouteki ni' is usually for how you act or behave.

小贴士

Don't forget the 'na'

As a na-adjective, 'kyousouteki' must have 'na' before any noun it modifies. This is the most common mistake for learners. Think of 'na' as a bridge.

Pair with 'environment'

The most common noun to follow 'kyousouteki' is 'kankyou' (environment). Practicing 'kyousouteki-na kankyou' will cover 50% of your usage needs.

Use 'spirit' for people

To sound more like a native, use 'kyousoushin' (competitive spirit) when talking about friends. 'Kare wa kyousoushin ga tsuyoi' is much more natural than 'Kare wa kyousouteki da'.

Competitive Advantage

Memorize 'kyousouteki-na yuui' as a set phrase. It is essential for business Japanese and appears in almost every strategy document.

Pitch Accent

Keep your voice level across the 'kyousou' part. If you drop the pitch too early, it might sound like a different word.

Kanji Practice

The kanji for 'kyou' (競) is tricky. It's two 'elder brother' (兄) radicals standing on 'standing' (立) radicals. Imagine two brothers standing and racing.

The 'Wa' Balance

In Japan, being 'kyousouteki' is often balanced with 'kyouchouteki' (cooperative). Use both words in discussions to show a deep understanding of Japanese values.

Listen to the News

This word appears frequently in economic news. Listen for it when they talk about the 'yen' or 'global markets'.

Formal vs Informal

Remember that 'kyousouteki' is a bit stiff. Use it for reports and 'makezugirai' for chatting about board games.

Check the Suffix

Any word ending in '-teki' is a na-adjective. This rule will help you with hundreds of other Japanese words like 'kagakuteki' (scientific).

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'Kyo' as 'Co-' (together) and 'Sou' as 'Sewing' a race track. Everyone is 'sewing' together to see who finishes the track first. Add 'teki' (like a target) because you are targeting a win.

视觉联想

Imagine two runners (the 'kyo' and 'sou') reaching for a target (the 'teki'). The target is a trophy labeled 'Competitive'.

Word Web

Kyousou (Competition) Teki (Suffix -ive) Kankyou (Environment) Shijou (Market) Yuui (Advantage) Raibaru (Rival) Seikaku (Personality) Kakaku (Price)

挑战

Try to use 'kyousouteki-na' to describe a place you know (like your office or school) in three different sentences using 'na' correctly.

词源

The word is composed of 'Kyousou' (競争) and the suffix '-teki' (的). 'Kyousou' was popularized during the Meiji period (late 19th century) as a translation for the Western concept of 'competition.'

原始含义： The character 競 (kyou) means to contest or emulate, while 争 (sou) means to struggle or argue. Together, they represent the modern concept of a contest for superiority.

Sino-Japanese (Kango) with a modern adjectival suffix.

文化背景

Avoid using 'kyousouteki' to describe a person to their face unless you are in a very specific context (like a sports coach). Use 'ganbari-ya' (hard worker) instead to be more polite.

In English, being 'competitive' is almost always a compliment. In Japanese, calling a person 'kyousouteki' is more of a neutral observation and can sometimes imply they are difficult to work with.

The 'Lost Decades' of Japan often involve discussions on lack of 'kyousouryoku' (competitiveness). Anime like 'Haikyuu!!' or 'Blue Lock' embody the 'kyousouteki' spirit in sports. The term 'Kyousou Shakai' (Competitive Society) is a common theme in Japanese sociology books.

在生活中练习

真实语境

Business Strategy

競争的な価格設定
競争的な優位性
市場の競争的な変化
競合他社との競争的な関係

Education/School

競争的な学習環境
競争的な試験
競争的なクラスの雰囲気
競争的なスポーツ大会

Social Commentary

競争的な社会の弊害
競争的な原理の導入
競争的な生き方
競争的な現代社会

Sports/Games

競争的なルール
競争的な試合展開
競争的な精神を養う
競争的なプレイ

Human Resources

競争的な給与体系
競争的な人材
競争的な採用プロセス
競争的な評価制度

对话开场白

"あなたの国は日本より競争的な社会だと思いますか？ (Do you think your country is a more competitive society than Japan?)"

"競争的な環境で働くのは好きですか、それとも協力的な環境が好きですか？ (Do you like working in a competitive environment or a cooperative one?)"

"競争的な価格の店を見つけるのは得意ですか？ (Are you good at finding stores with competitive prices?)"

"子供の教育に競争的な要素は必要だと思いますか？ (Do you think competitive elements are necessary for a child's education?)"

"一番競争的なスポーツは何だと思いますか？ (What do you think is the most competitive sport?)"

日记主题

自分がこれまでに経験した中で、最も競争的な環境について書いてください。 (Write about the most competitive environment you have experienced so far.)

競争的な性格であることのメリットとデメリットを考えてみましょう。 (Consider the pros and cons of having a competitive personality.)

もし世界から競争的な原理が消えたら、社会はどうなると思いますか？ (What do you think would happen to society if competitive principles disappeared from the world?)

競争的な市場で生き残るために、企業は何をすべきでしょうか？ (What should companies do to survive in a competitive market?)

あなたは自分のことを競争的な人間だと思いますか？その理由も教えてください。 (Do you think of yourself as a competitive person? Please tell me why.)

常见问题

10 个问题

Yes, but it sounds formal. In daily conversation, it's more common to say 'kyousoushin ga tsuyoi' (has a strong competitive spirit) or 'makezugirai' (hates to lose). Using 'kyousouteki' for a person often sounds like you are analyzing them as a subject in a study.

It is neutral. In business, it's usually positive (competitive advantage). In social contexts, it can be negative (too much stress). It depends entirely on whether the speaker thinks the competition is healthy or excessive.

'Kyousouteki' is an adjective describing the nature of something (e.g., a competitive market). 'Hageshii' is an adjective meaning 'intense' and is often used to describe the *level* of competition (e.g., fierce competition). You can say 'kyousou ga hageshii' (competition is fierce).

Yes, if you are putting it before a noun. If you are ending a sentence, use 'desu' or 'da'. Example: 'Kyousouteki na hito' (Correct) vs 'Kyousouteki hito' (Incorrect).

Change the 'na' to 'ni'. Example: 'Kyousouteki ni hataraku' (To work competitively).

It is 'kyousouteki-na kakaku settei' (競争的な価格設定) or simply 'kyousouteki-na kakaku'.

It sounds a bit academic. For a soccer match, it's better to say 'hageshii shiai' (intense match) or 'kinpaku shita shiai' (tense match). Use 'kyousouteki' if you're discussing the league's structure.

The base noun 'kyousou' can be turned into a verb: 'kyousou suru' (to compete). 'Kyousouteki' itself doesn't have a direct verb form other than 'kyousouteki ni naru' (to become competitive).

Yes, it is often used to describe 'competitive play' (kyousouteki-na purei) or 'competitive modes' in games like e-sports.

'Raibaru' (rival) is a person or entity. 'Kyousouteki' is the adjective that describes the relationship or atmosphere between those rivals.

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