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B1 conjunction #1,800 最常用 9分钟阅读

しかしながら

At the A1 level, you usually learn 'demo' to say 'but.' 'Shikashinagara' is much too formal for beginners to use in speaking. However, you might see it in very simple signs or formal announcements. Think of it as a very polite 'but' that you only use when you are writing a very important letter or listening to the news. It is long and sounds very serious. You don't need to use it yet, but if you hear a long word starting with 'shikashi...', it probably means 'but.' Just remember: 'demo' = friends, 'shikashinagara' = very important people or formal writing. It always comes at the start of a new sentence to show that the next thing is different from the last thing.
For A2 learners, you are starting to see more formal Japanese. 'Shikashinagara' is a conjunction you will find in reading passages about Japanese culture or in formal emails. It is a formal version of 'shikashi.' While 'shikashi' is okay for most polite situations, 'shikashinagara' is even more formal. It is used to connect two sentences where the second one says something opposite to the first. For example: 'I like Japan. However, the summer is too hot.' In formal Japanese, this 'however' is 'shikashinagara.' You should start recognizing it in texts. It helps you understand that the writer is about to say something that contrasts with what they just said. Don't use it with your classmates, but notice it in your textbooks.
At the B1 level, you are expected to understand and occasionally use formal conjunctions like 'shikashinagara.' This word is essential for the JLPT N3 and N2 levels. It is used to create a logical contrast in formal writing, such as essays or business reports. It is more emphatic than 'shikashi.' When you use 'shikashinagara,' you are signaling a significant shift in the argument. It is almost always followed by a comma. For example, in a business context: 'The sales are up. However (shikashinagara), the profits are down.' It sounds much more professional than using 'demo.' You should practice using it in your writing assignments to improve your formal register. It shows that you can handle complex logical structures in Japanese.
B2 learners should be comfortable using 'shikashinagara' in both formal writing and formal speaking (like presentations). At this level, you should understand the nuance that 'shikashinagara' often introduces a counter-argument that is more critical or important than the initial statement. It is a key rhetorical device in persuasive Japanese. You should be able to distinguish it from 'daga' (which is more direct/blunt) and 'tokoro ga' (which emphasizes surprise). In a B2 level essay, 'shikashinagara' provides a smooth, professional transition that guides the reader through your logic. It is also common in editorials (shasetsu) where the writer acknowledges one side of an issue before presenting their own contrasting viewpoint.
At the C1 level, 'shikashinagara' is a standard part of your academic and professional vocabulary. You should use it to manage complex discourse and to provide nuanced transitions in high-level texts. You understand that its length and weight contribute to the 'stately' feel of a sentence. It is often used in legal documents, academic theses, and high-level diplomatic communication. At this level, you also recognize its historical roots and how it functions to maintain 'wa' (harmony) by formally acknowledging a point before disagreeing with it. You can use it to structure long, multi-paragraph arguments where a simple 'shikashi' would feel too repetitive or lightweight. It is a tool for precision and rhetorical elegance.
For C2 proficiency, 'shikashinagara' is used with complete mastery of register and tone. You understand its role in the broader landscape of Japanese 'setsuzokushi' (conjunctions) and can use it to create specific stylistic effects. You might use it in a speech to create a dramatic pause or in a philosophical treatise to highlight a fundamental dialectic. You are also aware of how it can be used ironically in certain literary contexts to mimic an overly formal persona. At this level, your use of 'shikashinagara' is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker, appearing naturally in complex socio-political analyses or high-level corporate strategy documents. You understand the subtle rhythmic differences between this and other formal transitions like 'ikanagara' or 'saritomo'.
开始练习 例句 笔记与提示

しかしながら 30秒了解

  • A highly formal conjunction meaning 'however' or 'nevertheless'.
  • Primarily used at the beginning of sentences in written reports or formal speeches.
  • Significantly more formal than 'shikashi' and unsuitable for casual conversation.
  • Essential for JLPT N2/N1 levels and professional Japanese communication.

The Japanese conjunction しかしながら (shikashinagara) is a sophisticated and formal way to express contrast, equivalent to the English terms 'however,' 'nevertheless,' or 'nonetheless.' It serves as a bridge between two opposing ideas, where the second statement introduces information that contradicts or qualifies the first. While basic learners are often taught 'demo' or 'shikashi,' shikashinagara elevates the register, making it indispensable for business correspondence, academic writing, and formal public speaking. It carries a weight of seriousness and deliberation that shorter conjunctions lack.

Core Function
To introduce a counter-argument or a contrasting fact in a formal context, signaling a shift in the narrative or logical flow.

計画は完璧に見えた。しかしながら、予期せぬ問題が発生した。(The plan seemed perfect. However, an unexpected problem occurred.)

Etymologically, it is composed of 'shikashi' (but) and the particle 'nagara' (while/although). In modern Japanese, this combination has fossilized into a single, high-register conjunction. It is rarely used in casual conversation among friends, where it would sound overly stiff or even sarcastic. Instead, it thrives in environments where precision and politeness are paramount. When you use しかしながら, you are telling your audience that you have carefully considered the preceding point but must now present a significant caveat or alternative perspective.

Register
Highly formal (Katamai). Suitable for written reports, news broadcasts, and formal debates.

景気は回復傾向にある。しかしながら、格差は拡大している。(The economy is on a recovery trend. Nevertheless, the gap is widening.)

In terms of logical structure, しかしながら often precedes a statement that is more important or more 'true' in the current context than the one before it. It doesn't just provide a different view; it often provides the *corrective* view. This makes it a powerful tool for persuasive writing. By acknowledging the first point with a formal 'however,' you show respect to the opposing side before pivoting to your main argument.

Nuance
It implies a logical necessity to contrast, rather than just a casual 'but'. It suggests that the following information is a crucial exception.

彼は若く、経験も浅い。しかしながら、その才能は誰にも負けない。(He is young and lacks experience. Nevertheless, his talent is second to none.)

技術は進歩した。しかしながら、倫理的な課題は残っている。(Technology has advanced. However, ethical issues remain.)

反対意見も多い。しかしながら、我々は実行に移すべきだ。(There are many opposing opinions. Nevertheless, we should move to implementation.)

Using しかしながら correctly involves understanding its syntactic placement and its rhetorical impact. Grammatically, it is a sentence-initial conjunction. This means it almost always appears at the very beginning of a sentence, followed by a comma, to contrast the entire preceding sentence or paragraph. Unlike 'keredomo' or 'ga', which can link two clauses within a single sentence, shikashinagara acts as a transition between distinct thoughts.

Sentence Structure
[Sentence A]。しかしながら、[Sentence B]。

調査結果は良好であった。しかしながら、サンプル数に懸念が残る。(The survey results were good. However, concerns remain regarding the sample size.)

In business writing, しかしながら is the gold standard for delivering bad news or pointing out a flaw in a proposal politely. It softens the blow of the contradiction by using a formal tone. For example, if a client asks for a feature you cannot provide, you might start by acknowledging the value of the feature and then use shikashinagara to explain the technical limitations. This maintains a professional atmosphere.

Common Pairing
Often paired with 'to wa ie' (even so) or 'zannen nagara' (unfortunately) in the surrounding context to build a complex argument.

予算は限られている。しかしながら、品質を落とすわけにはいかない。(The budget is limited. However, we cannot afford to lower the quality.)

When speaking, ensure you pause slightly after saying しかしながら. This pause allows the listener to prepare for the shift in logic. Because it is a long word (six moras), it naturally creates a slower, more deliberate pace in speech. If you are giving a presentation, this is the perfect word to use when moving from the 'pros' to the 'cons' of a specific strategy.

Visual Tip
In vertical writing (tategaki), it takes up a significant amount of space, emphasizing the transition visually on the page.

準備は万端だ。しかしながら、天候だけが心配だ。(Preparations are complete. However, only the weather is a concern.)

努力は認める。しかしながら、結果がすべてだ。(I acknowledge the effort. However, results are everything.)

理論上は可能だ。しかしながら、実用化には時間がかかる。(It is possible in theory. However, it will take time to put into practical use.)

You will encounter しかしながら in environments where the Japanese language is used at its most formal. One of the most common places is in NHK news broadcasts. News anchors use it to transition between a positive economic report and a following cautionary note. It provides a neutral, objective tone that 'demo' (which sounds too subjective or casual) cannot provide.

News Media
Used to present balanced views on political or social issues, ensuring the transition between 'side A' and 'side B' is clear and professional.

与党は法案を可決した。しかしながら、国民の理解は得られていない。(The ruling party passed the bill. However, they have not gained the understanding of the public.)

Another key location is the Japanese Diet (Parliament). Politicians use shikashinagara during debates to respectfully acknowledge an opponent's point before systematically dismantling it. In this context, the word acts as a linguistic buffer, maintaining the decorum of the legislative body. Similarly, in corporate boardrooms, a CEO might use it when discussing the company's performance—acknowledging growth while highlighting future risks.

Literature & Editorials
Found frequently in 'Tensei Jingo' (the famous Asahi Shimbun column) and other newspaper editorials to structure complex arguments.

文学は死んだと言われる。しかしながら、物語を求める心は不変だ。(It is said that literature is dead. However, the heart that seeks stories is unchanging.)

In the realm of academia, しかしながら is the standard transition in 'Ronbun' (research papers). It allows researchers to cite previous findings and then introduce their own contrasting results or new hypotheses. For students, mastering this word is a prerequisite for writing high-level essays or passing the N1/N2 levels of the JLPT. It signals to the reader that the writer is capable of high-order logical thinking.

前述の説は有力である。しかしながら、本稿では異なる視点を提示する。(The aforementioned theory is influential. However, this paper presents a different perspective.)

平和な日々が続いた。しかしながら、嵐の予感はあった。(Peaceful days continued. However, there was a premonition of a storm.)

誠に遺憾である。しかしながら、最善は尽くした。(It is truly regrettable. Nevertheless, we did our best.)

The most frequent mistake learners make with しかしながら is using it in inappropriate social settings. Because it is so formal, using it with friends or family can make you sound cold, robotic, or even condescending. If you say 'Kyou wa hare da. Shikashinagara, kasa wo motteiku' (Today is sunny. However, I will take an umbrella) to a friend, they might laugh because it sounds like you are reading a weather report rather than having a conversation.

Mistake 1: Misaligned Register
Using it in casual speech. Stick to 'demo' or 'dakedo' for friends.

(Incorrect in casual context): 宿題は終わった。しかしながら、家に忘れた。(I finished my homework. However, I forgot it at home.)

Another common error is grammatical placement. Some learners try to use it like 'ga' to connect two clauses within a single sentence, such as 'A shikashinagara B'. While not strictly impossible in some archaic styles, in modern Japanese, it is almost exclusively a sentence-starter. Using it in the middle of a sentence without a clear break (like a period or a semicolon-equivalent) disrupts the natural rhythm of the language.

Mistake 2: Redundancy
Combining it with other contrastive particles like 'kedo' at the end of the same sentence. Choose one method of contrast and stick to it.

(Redundant): しかしながら、雨が降っているけれど... (However, although it is raining...)

A subtle mistake is using shikashinagara when the contrast is too weak. This word implies a 'strong' or 'significant' contrast. If you are just adding a minor, non-conflicting detail, 'soshite' (and) or 'mata' (also) might be better. Using such a heavy word for a minor point can confuse the reader, making them look for a contradiction that isn't there. It's like using a sledgehammer to crack a nut.

Mistake 3: Overuse
Using it at the start of every other sentence. This makes the text feel disjointed and overly argumentative.

彼は天才だ。しかしながら、努力も惜しまない。(He is a genius. However, he also doesn't spare effort. -> *Better to use 'soshite' here as effort doesn't contradict genius*)

商品は安い。しかしながら、質も良い。(The product is cheap. However, the quality is also good. -> *This works if 'cheap' usually implies 'bad quality'*)

Japanese has a wealth of conjunctions to express 'but,' each with its own specific nuance and register. Understanding the differences between しかしながら and its synonyms is crucial for achieving natural fluency. The most common alternative is shikashi, which is the standard formal 'but.' While shikashinagara is more emphatic and formal, shikashi is versatile enough for both writing and polite speech.

Comparison: Shikashi vs. Shikashinagara
'Shikashi' is the standard; 'Shikashinagara' is the formal, emphatic version often used to highlight a significant or unexpected contrast.

しかし (Shikashi): Standard formal.
しかしながら (Shikashinagara): Highly formal, literary.

Another similar word is daga. This is also formal but has a more 'masculine' or 'abrupt' feel. It is frequently used in literature and news headlines where space is limited. Unlike shikashinagara, which feels smooth and considered, daga feels sharp and direct. Then there is keredomo, which is polite but softer, often used in spoken Japanese (Desu/Masu style) to connect two ideas within a sentence.

Comparison: Daga vs. Shikashinagara
'Daga' is concise and direct; 'Shikashinagara' is expansive and polite.

For even more specific contrasts, you might use tada (however/just that) or motto mo (though/it must be said). Tada is used when the second statement adds a minor condition or exception to the first. Motto mo is used to provide a corrective or clarifying remark to a general statement you just made. Shikashinagara remains the most 'heavy-duty' of these, used for major logical shifts.

Comparison: Tada vs. Shikashinagara
'Tada' introduces a small exception; 'Shikashinagara' introduces a major counter-point.

だが (Daga): Direct, masculine.
けれども (Keredomo): Soft, polite spoken.
ただ (Tada): Adding a condition.
もっとも (Motto mo): Corrective remark.

それでも (Soredemo): Even so / despite that. (Focuses on the persistence of the first state despite the second).

ところが (Tokoro ga): Even so / surprisingly. (Focuses on the unexpected nature of the result).

How Formal Is It?

正式

""

难度评级

需要掌握的语法

按水平分级的例句

1

日本料理は美味しいです。しかしながら、高いです。

Japanese food is delicious. However, it is expensive.

Using 'shikashinagara' to contrast two simple adjectives.

2

今日は晴れです。しかしながら、寒いです。

Today is sunny. However, it is cold.

Formal contrast between weather conditions.

3

この本は面白いです。しかしながら、長いです。

This book is interesting. However, it is long.

Contrasting positive and negative attributes.

4

彼は親切です。しかしながら、恥ずかしがり屋です。

He is kind. However, he is shy.

Describing personality traits with a formal 'but'.

5

テストは難しいです。しかしながら、頑張ります。

The test is difficult. However, I will do my best.

Formal expression of determination despite difficulty.

6

バスは来ました。しかしながら、満員でした。

The bus came. However, it was full.

Contrasting an event with an unfavorable condition.

7

部屋は広いです。しかしながら、暗いです。

The room is spacious. However, it is dark.

Contrasting physical space and lighting.

8

野菜は嫌いです。しかしながら、食べます。

I hate vegetables. However, I eat them.

Formal way to express doing something despite dislike.

1

仕事は大変です。しかしながら、やりがいがあります。

The work is hard. However, it is rewarding.

Common business-related contrast.

2

駅は近いです。しかしながら、道が複雑です。

The station is close. However, the way is complicated.

Contrasting proximity with difficulty of navigation.

3

彼は日本語が上手です。しかしながら、漢字が苦手です。

He is good at Japanese. However, he is bad at Kanji.

Contrasting different language skills.

4

このカメラは安いです。しかしながら、性能が良いです。

This camera is cheap. However, the performance is good.

Contrasting price and quality.

5

昨日は休みでした。しかしながら、ずっと勉強しました。

Yesterday was a holiday. However, I studied the whole time.

Contrasting free time with work/study.

6

雨が降っています。しかしながら、試合は行われます。

It is raining. However, the match will be held.

Formal announcement of an event continuing despite weather.

7

彼女は忙しいです。しかしながら、いつも笑顔です。

She is busy. However, she is always smiling.

Contrasting a state of being with an outward expression.

8

計画は立てました。しかしながら、まだ実行していません。

I made a plan. However, I haven't executed it yet.

Contrasting planning with action.

1

景気は回復しています。しかしながら、消費者の財布の紐は固いです。

The economy is recovering. However, consumers are tightening their purse strings.

Economic context, formal transition.

2

新製品の機能は優れています。しかしながら、価格設定に課題があります。

The new product's features are excellent. However, there are issues with the pricing.

Business report style.

3

彼はチームのリーダーに選ばれた。しかしながら、本人は辞退を申し出た。

He was chosen as the team leader. However, he himself offered to decline.

Contrasting an external decision with an internal desire.

4

環境保護は重要です。しかしながら、経済成長との両立は容易ではありません。

Environmental protection is important. However, balancing it with economic growth is not easy.

Formal social issue discussion.

5

インターネットは便利だ。しかしながら、情報の信憑性には注意が必要だ。

The internet is convenient. However, one must be careful about the credibility of information.

Formal cautionary statement.

6

その説は一見正しいように思われる。しかしながら、矛盾点も多い。

That theory seems correct at first glance. However, there are many contradictions.

Academic critique.

7

政府は対策を講じた。しかしながら、効果は限定的であった。

The government took measures. However, the effect was limited.

Political/Administrative reporting.

8

彼は無実を主張している。しかしながら、証拠は彼に不利である。

He claims his innocence. However, the evidence is against him.

Legal/Journalistic context.

1

この政策は短期的には有効かもしれない。しかしながら、長期的にはリスクを伴う。

This policy may be effective in the short term. However, it involves risks in the long term.

Strategic analysis.

2

伝統を守ることは大切だ。しかしながら、時代の変化に適応することも不可欠である。

It is important to preserve tradition. However, it is also essential to adapt to the changes of the times.

Cultural discourse.

3

彼は多大な貢献をした。しかしながら、その手法には批判の声も上がっている。

He made a great contribution. However, there are also voices of criticism regarding his methods.

Nuanced evaluation of a person.

4

科学技術は人々の生活を豊かにした。しかしながら、新たな格差を生む要因にもなっている。

Science and technology have enriched people's lives. However, they are also becoming a factor in creating new inequalities.

Sociological observation.

5

事態は深刻化している。しかしながら、我々は希望を捨ててはならない。

The situation is becoming serious. However, we must not give up hope.

Formal inspirational speech.

6

この小説の文体は美しい。しかしながら、ストーリーの展開に強引な点が見受けられる。

The prose of this novel is beautiful. However, there are some forced points in the plot development.

Literary criticism.

7

交渉は最終段階に入った。しかしながら、依然として合意に至っていない項目がある。

Negotiations have entered the final stage. However, there are still items on which agreement has not been reached.

Diplomatic/Business negotiation.

8

都市化は進んでいる。しかしながら、地方の過疎化は深刻な問題である。

Urbanization is progressing. However, the depopulation of rural areas is a serious problem.

Demographic analysis.

1

グローバル化は経済的恩恵をもたらした。しかしながら、文化の均質化という懸念を払拭できない。

Globalization has brought economic benefits. However, the concern about cultural homogenization cannot be dispelled.

High-level socio-economic critique.

2

本研究の結果は先行研究を支持するものである。しかしながら、解釈には慎重を期すべきである。

The results of this study support previous research. However, one should be cautious in the interpretation.

Academic research paper style.

3

憲法改正の議論は活発化している。しかしながら、国民の合意形成には多大なる時間を要するであろう。

Debate over constitutional amendment is intensifying. However, building a national consensus will likely require a great deal of time.

Political analysis.

4

AIの進化は目覚ましい。しかしながら、人間の創造性を完全に代替できるかどうかは未知数である。

The evolution of AI is remarkable. However, whether it can completely replace human creativity remains an unknown factor.

Philosophical/Technological inquiry.

5

市場は自由競争を原則とする。しかしながら、独占の弊害を防ぐための規制は不可欠である。

The market is based on the principle of free competition. However, regulations to prevent the harmful effects of monopoly are essential.

Economic theory/Policy.

6

教育の機会均等は理想である。しかしながら、現実には経済的格差が教育格差に直結している。

Equality of educational opportunity is an ideal. However, in reality, economic disparity is directly linked to educational disparity.

Social justice discourse.

7

その作家の晩年の作品は高く評価されている。しかしながら、初期の瑞々しさを失ったという批判もある。

The late works of that author are highly acclaimed. However, there is also criticism that they lost the freshness of the early works.

Advanced literary analysis.

8

平和条約の締結は歴史的一歩である。しかしながら、真の和解への道のりは依然として険しい。

The signing of the peace treaty is a historical step. However, the path to true reconciliation remains arduous.

Diplomatic history/International relations.

1

近代合理主義は知の体系を再構築した。しかしながら、それは同時に精神の荒廃を招いた側面も否定できない。

Modern rationalism reconstructed the system of knowledge. However, it cannot be denied that it also brought about the desolation of the spirit.

Philosophical/Historical critique.

2

法治国家において法の支配は絶対である。しかしながら、法の適用が常に正義を担保するとは限らない。

In a constitutional state, the rule of law is absolute. However, the application of the law does not always guarantee justice.

Legal philosophy.

3

マクロ経済指標は安定を示唆している。しかしながら、ミクロな視点で見れば、家計の困窮は看過できない水準にある。

Macroeconomic indicators suggest stability. However, from a micro perspective, household distress is at a level that cannot be overlooked.

Advanced economic analysis.

4

言語は思考を規定する枠組みである。しかしながら、言語化不可能な直観の存在を無視することはできない。

Language is a framework that prescribes thought. However, the existence of non-verbalizable intuition cannot be ignored.

Linguistic philosophy.

5

民主主義は最善の統治形態とされる。しかしながら、衆愚政治に陥るリスクを常に孕んでいる。

Democracy is considered the best form of governance. However, it always carries the risk of falling into ochlocracy (mob rule).

Political theory.

6

芸術の自律性は近代の産物である。しかしながら、芸術が社会政治的文脈から完全に乖離することは不可能である。

The autonomy of art is a product of modernity. However, it is impossible for art to completely deviate from the socio-political context.

Art history/Theory.

7

ゲノム編集技術は医療に革命をもたらす。しかしながら、優生学への回帰という倫理的ジレンマを内包している。

Genome editing technology will revolutionize medicine. However, it contains the ethical dilemma of a return to eugenics.

Bioethics/Advanced science.

8

歴史は勝者によって記される。しかしながら、敗者の沈黙の中にこそ、真実の断片が隠されていることもある。

History is written by the victors. However, fragments of truth are sometimes hidden precisely within the silence of the losers.

Historiography.

常见搭配

しかしながら、現実は
しかしながら、一方で
しかしながら、残念なことに
しかしながら、結果として
しかしながら、依然として
しかしながら、本稿では
しかしながら、筆者は
しかしながら、実際には
しかしながら、検討の余地がある
しかしながら、注意が必要だ

常用短语

しかしながら、そうは言っても

しかしながら、事実は異なる

しかしながら、例外もある

しかしながら、反対意見もある

しかしながら、道は遠い

しかしながら、希望はある

しかしながら、時は流れた

しかしながら、状況は変わった

しかしながら、一概には言えない

しかしながら、再考の必要がある

容易混淆的词

しかしながら vs ながら

しかしながら vs ところが

しかしながら vs ただし

习语与表达

""

""

""

容易混淆

しかしながら vs

しかしながら vs

しかしながら vs

しかしながら vs

しかしながら vs

句型

词族

相关

如何使用

comma

Always use a comma after it in writing.

register

Avoid in text messages to friends.

常见错误
  • Using it with friends.
  • Forgetting the comma.
  • Using it to connect two clauses in one sentence like 'ga'.
  • Using it for minor, non-contrasting points.
  • Overusing it in a single paragraph.

小贴士

Academic Writing

Use 'shikashinagara' to introduce your own research findings after citing others.

Presentations

Use it to transition from the benefits of a plan to the potential risks.

JLPT Tip

When you see this word, pay close attention to the sentence that follows; it's usually the main point.

Email Etiquette

Use it when you need to decline a request politely.

Literature

Notice how authors use it to create a shift in the mood of a story.

Expansion

Learn it alongside 'shitagatte' (therefore) to balance your formal transitions.

Emphasis

Use it when the contrast you are making is particularly strong or important.

Connectives

Remember that it connects ideas, not just words.

Politeness

It helps maintain a respectful distance in formal communication.

News

Practice identifying it in NHK news broadcasts to improve your formal listening skills.

记住它

词源

Combination of 'shikashi' (but) + 'nagara' (while/although).

文化背景

Used to soften the impact of a contradiction.

Indicates the speaker's education and social status.

在生活中练习

真实语境

对话开场白

"最近の経済状況はどうですか？しかしながら..."

"新しい技術は素晴らしいですね。しかしながら..."

"この計画は良いと思います。しかしながら..."

日记主题

Write about a time you failed but learned something, using 'shikashinagara'.

Discuss the pros and cons of living in a city using formal conjunctions.

常见问题

10 个问题

Yes, but it is much more formal and used like 'however' in English.

It is better to avoid it unless you are in a very formal situation like a job interview.

It almost always goes at the very beginning of the sentence.

Yes, it frequently appears in the N2 and N1 reading sections.

'Shikashinagara' is more formal and emphatic than 'shikashi'.

Yes, in written Japanese, a comma (tōten) is standard after it.

It is rarely used that way in modern Japanese; it's usually a sentence-starter.

It is gender-neutral but sounds very professional and intellectual.

Yes, it is very appropriate for formal business emails.

It is almost always written in hiragana.

自我测试 184 个问题

writing

Write a sentence using 'しかしながら' about the weather.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write a formal sentence about a product's price and quality.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write a sentence about a social issue using 'しかしながら'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say 'However, it is difficult' formally.

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Present a counter-argument using 'しかしながら'.

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen for the conjunction in a formal news clip.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write 'But, it is hot' formally.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Pronounce 'shikashinagara' clearly.

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write a sentence about a movie you liked but found too long.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Use 'shikashinagara' to explain why you are late.

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Identify the tone of a sentence starting with 'shikashinagara'.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write a formal contrast about urban vs rural life.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Give a 30-second formal speech using the word.

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen for the word in a business podcast.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write an academic sentence about globalization.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Debate a topic using 'shikashinagara'.

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Identify the transition in a political speech.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write a philosophical reflection using 'shikashinagara'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Deliver a formal keynote address excerpt.

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen for the word in a classical lecture.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write a sentence about a difficult test.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say 'However, I disagree' formally.

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen for the 'shikashi' part of the word.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write about a city you like but find expensive.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Use it in a formal apology.

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Identify the word in a formal announcement.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write about the impact of technology.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Argue for a policy change.

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen for rhetorical devices.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write a complex philosophical argument.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Give a formal eulogy excerpt.

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Identify subtle shifts in tone.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write a formal 'but' sentence.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say 'However, I am busy'.

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Identify the word.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：

/ 184 correct

Perfect score!

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