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A2 noun #3,000 最常用 6分钟阅读

主人

At the A1 level, you should learn 'Shujin' as a basic word for 'husband.' You will mostly hear it in simple introductions. For example, 'Watashi no shujin desu' (This is my husband). At this stage, don't worry too much about the 'master' meaning. Just remember that it is a polite way to talk about your own husband to others. You might also see it in very simple stories about pets, where it means the pet's owner. Focus on the kanji 主 (main) and 人 (person) to help you remember the meaning: the 'main person' of the house.
At the A2 level, you begin to distinguish between 'Shujin' (my husband) and 'Go-shujin' (your/someone else's husband). This is a crucial part of Japanese politeness. You should also understand that 'Shujin' can mean the owner of a small shop. If you go to a traditional Japanese restaurant, the man running it is the 'Shujin.' You will start to see this word in basic reading passages about family life or daily routines. You should be able to use it in sentences like 'Shujin wa yasashii desu' (My husband is kind).
At the B1 level, you should be aware of the social nuances of 'Shujin.' You will notice that while it is very common, some people prefer 'Otto' because 'Shujin' literally means 'master.' You should be able to use 'Shujin' in more complex sentences, such as explaining your husband's job or hobbies to a colleague. You will also encounter 'Shujin' in literature and news, where it might refer to the 'head of a household' in a more formal or historical sense. You should understand the difference between 'Shujin' and 'Danna' (casual/traditional).
At the B2 level, you should master the 'Uchi-Soto' dynamics associated with 'Shujin.' You should know when to switch between 'Shujin,' 'Otto,' and 'Goshujin' based on the level of formality and the person you are speaking to. You will encounter 'Shujin' in discussions about gender roles in Japan and the linguistic debate surrounding the word. You should also be comfortable with the 'master' meaning in various contexts, such as a 'master-disciple' relationship in traditional arts or the 'master' of a large estate in a novel.
At the C1 level, you should understand the historical and etymological roots of 'Shujin.' You will encounter it in classical literature or academic texts discussing the 'Ie' (family) system of the Meiji era. You should be able to analyze how the use of 'Shujin' reflects the speaker's social standing and worldview. You will also see it used metaphorically, such as the 'master of one's own fate.' Your usage should be flawless, reflecting a deep understanding of the subtle honorific nuances and the potential for the word to sound dated or traditionalist.
At the C2 level, you possess a native-like grasp of 'Shujin.' You can use it with irony, in poetic contexts, or to evoke a specific historical period. you understand the philosophical implications of 'Shu' (subjectivity/mastery) in Japanese thought. You can navigate complex social situations where the choice between 'Shujin' and alternative terms like 'Tsuma no aite' or 'Partner' carries significant political or social weight. You are also familiar with obscure idioms and archaic uses of the word found in pre-modern texts.
开始练习 例句 笔记与提示

主人 30秒了解

  • Shujin primarily means 'my husband' when speaking to others or 'master/owner' of a shop or pet.
  • It is composed of the kanji for 'master' and 'person,' reflecting a traditional hierarchy.
  • Always use 'Go-shujin' when referring to someone else's husband to remain polite.
  • While common, some modern speakers prefer 'Otto' to avoid the 'master' connotation.

The Japanese word 主人 (Shujin) is a multifaceted noun that primarily translates to 'one's husband' or 'master/owner.' At its core, the kanji 主 represents a 'master' or 'main' entity, while 人 means 'person.' Together, they describe the central figure of a household or an establishment. In a domestic context, it has historically been the standard way for a wife to refer to her husband when speaking to others, though this usage is evolving in modern Japan due to its patriarchal connotations.

Primary Meaning
Refers to a woman's own husband in a formal or humble setting.
Secondary Meaning
The proprietor of a shop, a landlord, or the master of a pet.
Social Nuance
Implies a hierarchy where the 'shujin' is the head of the unit.

うちの主人は、今仕事に出かけております。(My husband is out at work right now.)

— Example of humble domestic usage

Beyond the family, you will encounter this word in literature and anime where a servant or subordinate addresses their superior. In a business setting, the 'shujin' of a traditional 'ryokan' (inn) or 'izakaya' (pub) is the person who holds the ultimate responsibility for the establishment. This dual nature—domestic and professional—makes it a critical word for A2 learners to master, as it appears frequently in daily conversation and media.

この店の主人はとても親切だ。(The owner of this shop is very kind.)

Historical Context
Derived from the feudal system where the 'lord' was the protector.
Modern Shift
Younger generations often prefer 'otto' (husband) or 'partner' to avoid the 'master' implication.

犬は主人に忠実です。(The dog is loyal to its master.)

Using 主人 correctly requires an understanding of Japanese social hierarchy and 'Uchi-Soto' (In-group/Out-group) dynamics. When you are the speaker and you are talking about your own husband to someone outside your family, 主人 is a polite, standard choice. However, you should never use it to refer to your own husband when talking *to* him; in that case, you would use his name or 'anata'.

私の主人は銀行員です。(My husband is a bank clerk.)

In professional contexts, if you are visiting a small shop or a traditional business, you might refer to the owner as ご主人 (Go-shujin). This shows respect for their position and ownership. For example, if you are looking for the manager of a small cafe, you might ask, 'Go-shujin wa irasshaimasu ka?' (Is the owner here?).

Grammar Note
It functions as a standard noun. It can be followed by particles like は, が, を, or の.
Politeness Levels
Shujin (Humble/Neutral) vs. Go-shujin (Honorific).

主人を亡くしてから、彼女は一人で店を切り盛りしている。(Since losing her husband, she has been running the shop alone.)

In the context of pets, the owner is always the 主人. Unlike the English word 'owner' (kainushi), 主人 emphasizes the bond of loyalty between the animal and the human. In stories like Hachiko, the professor is referred to as Hachiko's 主人.

You will encounter 主人 in a variety of settings, ranging from daily polite conversation to specialized media. In a typical Japanese neighborhood, you might hear a neighbor asking, 'Go-shujin wa ogenki desu ka?' (Is your husband well?). This is a standard polite inquiry.

あそこの主人は、毎朝庭を掃除している。(The master of that house cleans the garden every morning.)

In the world of Japanese entertainment, particularly 'Maid Cafes,' the staff will address customers as ご主人様 (Go-shujin-sama). This is a stylized, hyper-polite usage that plays on the 'master and servant' dynamic. Similarly, in historical dramas (Jidaigeki), samurai or servants will use this term to address the head of the house.

Media Context
Anime, Manga, and Period Dramas often use it for lords or masters.
Service Industry
Traditional inns (Ryokan) and small family-run shops.

おかえりなさいませ、ご主人様！(Welcome home, Master! - common in maid cafes)

In news reports or formal interviews, a woman might say, 'Shujin to soudan shite kara...' (After consulting with my husband...). It provides a level of professional distance and humility that 'Otto' (the more literal word for husband) sometimes lacks in formal speech.

One of the most frequent mistakes for Japanese learners is using 主人 to refer to someone else's husband without the honorific ご (Go). Saying 'Tanaka-san no shujin' sounds overly familiar or even slightly rude. It should always be 'Tanaka-san no go-shujin.'

❌ 田中さんの主人はどこですか？
✅ 田中さんのご主人はどこですか？

Another mistake is confusing 主人 with 夫 (Otto). While both mean husband, 夫 is the objective, legal term used in paperwork or when a more egalitarian tone is desired. Using 主人 in a legal document might be seen as slightly informal or traditionally biased.

Mistake 1
Using 'Shujin' for your own husband when talking TO him.
Mistake 2
Using 'Shujin' for a female shop owner (use 'Okami-san' or 'Tencho').

❌ (To husband) 主人、ご飯ですよ。
✅ あなた、ご飯ですよ。(Or use his name)

Learners also sometimes use 主人 to mean 'leader' in a general sense (like a team leader). This is incorrect. For a team leader, use 'Rīdā' or 'Taichō'. 主人 is specifically tied to ownership or the head of a household/establishment.

Japanese has many words for 'husband' and 'master,' each with specific nuances. Understanding the difference between 主人 and its synonyms is key to achieving natural fluency.

夫 (Otto)
The standard, neutral, and legal term for 'husband.' Used in official documents.
旦那 (Danna)
A more casual, slightly affectionate, but also traditional term for 'husband.' Often used with 'San'.
亭主 (Teishu)
An older term, often used in phrases like 'Teishu-kanpaku' (the husband is the boss). Can sound a bit rough or old-fashioned.
店主 (Tenshu)
Specifically the 'shop owner.' More professional and less personal than 'Shujin'.

私の夫は公務員です。(My husband is a civil servant - Neutral/Formal)

When it comes to the 'master' aspect, 主人 is distinct from 主 (Nushi). While 'Nushi' can mean owner, it often refers to the 'spirit' or 'guardian' of a place (like a pond or forest) in folklore. 飼い主 (Kainushi) is the specific term for a pet owner, whereas 主人 is what the pet 'thinks' of the owner.

この猫の飼い主を探しています。(We are looking for this cat's owner.)

How Formal Is It?

正式

""

难度评级

需要掌握的语法

按水平分级的例句

1

これは私の主人です。

This is my husband.

Simple identification using 'desu'.

2

主人は会社員です。

My husband is an office worker.

Topic marker 'wa' used with a profession.

3

主人はテニスが好きです。

My husband likes tennis.

Expressing a preference for a third person.

4

主人は今、家にいません。

My husband is not at home now.

Negative existence 'imasen'.

5

私の主人は背が高いです。

My husband is tall.

Adjective 'takai' describing the subject.

6

主人は毎日コーヒーを飲みます。

My husband drinks coffee every day.

Habitual action with 'mainichi'.

7

主人は日本語が上手です。

My husband is good at Japanese.

Skill expression 'ga jouzu'.

8

主人は４０歳です。

My husband is 40 years old.

Stating age.

1

ご主人はお元気ですか？

Is your husband well?

Honorific 'Go-' used for someone else's husband.

2

主人は料理が得意です。

My husband is good at cooking.

Using 'tokui' for skills.

3

この店の主人はとても若いです。

The owner of this shop is very young.

Using 'shujin' to mean shop owner.

4

主人は週末、釣りに家に行きます。

My husband goes fishing on weekends.

Frequency and destination.

5

主人は車を運転できません。

My husband cannot drive a car.

Potential form 'dekimasen'.

6

ご主人は何をされていますか？

What does your husband do?

Honorific 'sarete imasu' for someone else's action.

7

主人は甘いものが嫌いです。

My husband dislikes sweets.

Expressing dislike.

8

主人は昨日、遅く帰ってきました。

My husband came home late yesterday.

Past tense 'kaette kimashita'.

1

主人は、出張でアメリカに行っています。

My husband is in America on a business trip.

State of being 'itte imasu'.

2

主人は、自分の部屋で本を読んでいます。

My husband is reading a book in his room.

Continuous action 'yonde imasu'.

3

ご主人のご趣味は何ですか？

What are your husband's hobbies?

Double honorific 'Go-' for both person and hobby.

4

主人は、あまりお酒を飲みません。

My husband doesn't drink much alcohol.

Adverb 'amari' with negative verb.

5

主人は、来月新しい仕事を始めます。

My husband will start a new job next month.

Future intention.

6

主人は、子供たちと遊ぶのが大好きです。

My husband loves playing with the children.

Nominalizing a verb with 'no'.

7

主人は、いつも私の意見を尊重してくれます。

My husband always respects my opinion.

Benefactive verb 'shite kuremasu'.

8

主人は、健康のために毎日走っています。

My husband runs every day for his health.

Purpose 'no tame ni'.

1

主人は、伝統的な価値観を大切にする人です。

My husband is someone who values traditional values.

Relative clause modifying 'hito'.

2

ご主人の不在中に、泥棒が入ったそうです。

I heard a thief broke in while your husband was away.

Hearsay 'sou desu' and time 'chuu'.

3

主人は、家事も育児も積極的に手伝ってくれます。

My husband actively helps with housework and childcare.

Listing with 'mo... mo...'.

4

主人は、頑固なところがありますが、根は優しいです。

My husband has a stubborn side, but he is kind at heart.

Concessive 'ga' (but).

5

主人は、定年退職後、趣味の園芸に没頭しています。

Since retiring, my husband has been immersed in his hobby of gardening.

Action after 'te-form' + 'kara' implied.

6

ご主人のご快復を心よりお祈り申し上げます。

I sincerely pray for your husband's recovery.

Humble/Keigo expression.

7

主人は、仕事のストレスで体調を崩してしまいました。

My husband fell ill due to work stress.

Regret/Completion 'te shimaimashita'.

8

主人は、どんなに忙しくても家族との時間を大切にします。

No matter how busy he is, my husband values time with his family.

Condition 'donna ni... temo'.

1

主人は、一家の主としての責任を重く受け止めています。

My husband takes his responsibility as the head of the family very seriously.

Role marker 'toshite'.

2

ご主人の功績は、業界内でも高く評価されています。

Your husband's achievements are highly regarded within the industry.

Passive voice 'hyouka sarete imasu'.

3

主人は、寡黙ながらも行動で示すタイプです。

My husband is the type who shows through actions, despite being taciturn.

Contrastive 'nagara mo'.

4

主人は、古風な考え方の持ち主で、亭主関白な一面もあります。

My husband has old-fashioned views and can be a bit of a dominant husband.

Noun modifier 'no mochinushi'.

5

ご主人のご遺志を継いで、彼女は財団を設立した。

Following her husband's dying wishes, she established a foundation.

Continuing a legacy 'wo tsuide'.

6

主人は、多忙を極める毎日を送っています。

My husband leads an extremely busy life every day.

Intensifier 'wo kiwameru'.

7

主人は、常に冷静沈着で、パニックになることはありません。

My husband is always calm and composed; he never panics.

Four-character idiom 'reisei chin'yaku'.

8

ご主人の寛大なご配慮に、深く感謝しております。

I am deeply grateful for your husband's generous consideration.

High-level Keigo.

1

主人は、その生涯を学問の探究に捧げた人物であった。

My husband was a man who dedicated his life to the pursuit of knowledge.

Literary past 'de atta'.

2

ご主人の一挙手一投足が、世間の注目を集めている。

Every single move of your husband is drawing public attention.

Idiom 'ikkyoshu ittou-soku'.

3

主人は、表舞台に立つことを嫌い、裏方に徹する人です。

My husband dislikes being in the spotlight and prefers to stay behind the scenes.

Sticking to a role 'ni tessuru'.

4

主人は、不言実行をモットーとしております。

My husband's motto is 'action before words.'

Four-character idiom 'fugen jikkou'.

5

ご主人の慧眼には、常々感服いたしております。

I am always impressed by your husband's keen insight.

Humble 'itashite orimasu'.

6

主人は、万事において控えめな態度を崩しません。

My husband maintains a modest attitude in all matters.

In all things 'banji ni oite'.

7

主人は、亡き後もなお、多くの人々に慕われています。

Even after his passing, my husband is still adored by many.

Adored/Missed 'shitawarete iru'.

8

ご主人の泰然自若とした佇まいに、救われる思いがした。

I felt saved by your husband's calm and collected presence.

Four-character idiom 'taizen jijaku'.

常见搭配

主人の仕事 (Husband's job)
家の主人 (Master of the house)
店の主人 (Shop owner)
忠実な主人 (Loyal master)
主人の許可 (Master's permission)
主人の帰宅 (Husband's return home)
ご主人様と呼ぶ (To call someone master)
主人の友人 (Husband's friend)
主人の実家 (Husband's parents' home)
新しい主人 (New owner/master)

常用短语

うちの主人 (My husband)

ご主人はどちら？ (Where is your husband/the owner?)

主人の言いなり (Doing whatever the husband/master says)

主人の座 (The position of master/head)

主人の顔を立てる (To save face for the husband/master)

主人に仕える (To serve a master)

主人の命令 (Master's orders)

主人の世話 (Taking care of the husband/master)

主人の機嫌 (The husband's/master's mood)

主人の代理 (Acting on behalf of the husband/master)

容易混淆的词

主人 vs 主人 (Shujin)

主人 vs 主人 (Shujin)

主人 vs 主人 (Shujin)

习语与表达

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容易混淆

主人 vs

主人 vs

主人 vs

主人 vs

主人 vs

句型

词族

相关

如何使用

gender

Traditionally used by women for men. Men do not use 'Shujin' for their wives.

age group

More common among older generations; younger people use 'Otto' or 'Partner'.

常见错误
  • Using 'Shujin' for someone else's husband without 'Go-'.
  • Using 'Shujin' to address your own husband directly.
  • Using 'Shujin' for a female boss.
  • Confusing 'Shujin' with 'Shujinkou' (protagonist).
  • Using 'Shujin' in a legal document where 'Otto' is required.

小贴士

Polite Intro

Use 'Watashi no shujin' when introducing your husband to your boss.

Traditional

In traditional Japanese houses, the 'Shujin' has the final say.

Honorifics

Never forget the 'Go-' when talking to your neighbor about her husband.

Kanji

The kanji 主 also appears in 'Shuyou' (important), helping you remember its meaning.

Modernity

If you are in a progressive circle, 'Otto' might be a better choice.

Maid Cafes

If you hear 'Go-shujin-sama' in Akihabara, it's part of the roleplay.

Forms

On government forms, look for 'Otto' (夫) instead of 'Shujin'.

Pets

Use 'Shujin' when writing a story from a dog's perspective.

Tone

Keep your tone humble when saying 'うちの主人' (Uchi no shujin).

Danna vs Shujin

Danna is like 'hubby,' Shujin is like 'my husband'.

记住它

词源

Historically used for the head of a household or a feudal lord.

文化背景

Japanese pet owners are often called 'Kainushi,' but the pet's perspective is 'Shujin'.

Some Japanese feminists criticize the word for implying a master-servant relationship.

The term 'Go-shujin-sama' is a staple of Akihabara culture.

在生活中练习

真实语境

对话开场白

"ご主人はお仕事、何をお召しですか？ (What does your husband do for work?)"

"このお店のご主人はどなたですか？ (Who is the owner of this shop?)"

"主人は最近、ゴルフにハマっているんです。 (My husband has been into golf lately.)"

"ご主人のご実家はどちらですか？ (Where is your husband's hometown?)"

"主人は料理が全くできないんですよ。 (My husband can't cook at all.)"

日记主题

Describe your husband (or a future husband) using the word 'Shujin'.

Write about a shop owner you know and why they are a good 'Shujin'.

How do you feel about the word 'Shujin' meaning both 'husband' and 'master'?

Imagine you are a pet. Describe your 'Shujin'.

Compare 'Shujin' and 'Otto' in your own words.

常见问题

10 个问题

No, 'Shujin' is only for a husband. For a boyfriend, use 'kareshi'.

Some people think so because it literally means 'master.' However, it is still widely used as a standard polite term.

Use 'Go-shujin' or 'Go-shujin-sama' for extra respect.

No, a man would refer to himself as 'watashi' or 'boku.' He is the 'shujin' of the house, but he doesn't use it as a title for himself.

There isn't a direct female equivalent that means 'master/wife.' A man refers to his wife as 'Kanai' (humble) or 'Tsuma' (neutral).

No, that is 'Shujinkou.' They share the same first two kanji.

No, 'Shujin' is generally considered more formal/humble for speaking to outsiders.

In stories, pets refer to their owners as 'Shujin'.

Rarely. It almost always refers to a male head of house or shop. For a female shop owner, 'Okami-san' is common.

Yes, to refer to the owner of a small, traditional business.

自我测试 177 个问题

/ 177 correct

Perfect score!

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