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A1 noun #3,592 最常用 10分钟阅读

範囲

han-i 前3,592

开始练习例句笔记与提示範囲 30秒了解

解析範囲 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you should learn '範囲' (han'i) as a simple word meaning 'range' or 'scope,' specifically in the context of school and daily life. The most important phrase for you is 'shiken han'i' (test scope). If you are studying Japanese, you will often need to ask your teacher where the test starts and ends. You can think of it as the 'area' of study. It is also used for physical areas like 'this room' or 'this city' when describing where something is possible. At this level, focus on the pattern '[Noun] no han'i' (the range of [Noun]). You don't need to worry about complex philosophical uses yet. Just remember that it defines the boundaries of something. For example, 'Wi-Fi no han'i' (Wi-Fi range) is a very practical use you might encounter at home or in a cafe. The word is a noun, and we usually use it with simple particles like 'wa' or 'desu'.

At the A2 level, you can start using '範囲' (han'i) to describe your daily activities and preferences. A key compound word is 'kōdō han'i' (activity range). You can use this to explain where you usually go, like 'My activity range is only around my house.' You should also learn the suffixes '-nai' (inside) and '-gai' (outside). These are incredibly useful for saying 'within range' or 'out of range.' For example, if you are looking for a job, you might say you want something 'within the range of a 30-minute commute.' You will also see this word in weather reports on the news. They might say it will rain over a 'hiroi han'i' (wide range). Start pairing 'han'i' with adjectives like 'hiroi' (wide) and 'semai' (narrow) to give more detail to your descriptions.

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At the B1 level, you should use '範囲' (han'i) in more professional and social contexts. You will encounter terms like 'gyōmu han'i' (scope of work) and 'sekinin no han'i' (scope of responsibility). These are crucial for working in a Japanese office. You should also understand how to use 'han'i' with verbs like 'hirogeru' (to expand) and 'sebameru' (to narrow). For instance, 'I want to expand the scope of my hobbies.' You will also start to see it in more abstract ways, such as 'chishiki no han'i' (the range of one's knowledge). At this level, you should be able to differentiate between 'han'i' and 'genkai' (limit). Remember that 'han'i' is about the area something covers, while 'genkai' is about reaching a point where you cannot go further. You might also encounter 'kyoyō han'i' (tolerance range) in social discussions.

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At the B2 level, '範囲' (han'i) becomes a tool for precise definition and argumentation. You will use it in scientific, legal, or academic discussions. Terms like 'tekiyō han'i' (scope of application) are common when discussing laws or rules. You should be comfortable using the phrase 'hiroi han'i ni watatte' (across a wide range) to describe events that have a broad impact. You will also see 'han'i' used in statistics to mean the difference between the maximum and minimum values in a data set. At this level, you should be able to use 'han'i' to set boundaries in a debate, for example, 'Let's limit the scope of this discussion to just this year.' You will also encounter 'shisō no han'i' (the scope of thought) or other abstract concepts that define the limits of human experience or philosophy.

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At the C1 level, you should master the nuances between '範囲' (han'i) and its close synonyms like 'ryōiki' (domain), 'kuiki' (zone), and 'ken' (sphere). You will use 'han'i' in complex sentences involving passive or causative forms, such as 'The scope of the investigation was expanded by the police.' You will also encounter it in literary contexts where it might describe the 'han'i' of someone's heart or influence. You should be able to discuss the 'shihai han'i' (sphere of control) in historical or political contexts. At this level, your usage should be indistinguishable from a native speaker, using the word to provide exactness to your speech and writing. You will also recognize it in formal documents like contracts, where the 'han'i' of a clause is strictly defined to avoid legal loopholes.

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At the C2 level, you possess a profound understanding of '範囲' (han'i) across all registers, from technical jargon to poetic expression. You can use it to discuss the 'metaphysical scope' of a concept or the 'jurisdictional range' of international law. You understand the historical evolution of the kanji and how the concept of 'han'i' reflects Japanese societal structures and the emphasis on boundaries. You can use it in high-level academic writing to define the parameters of a thesis or in high-stakes negotiations to define the 'han'i' of a compromise. Your ability to use the word is flexible, allowing you to use it metaphorically to describe life, time, and the universe. You can also critique the use of the word in others' speech, identifying when a synonym would provide a more precise nuance.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

範囲 30秒了解

範囲 (Han'i) means range, scope, or extent.
Commonly used for test material (shiken han'i) and Wi-Fi signals.
Pairs with -nai (within) and -gai (outside) to define limits.
Essential for defining professional responsibilities and technical parameters.

The Japanese word 範囲 (はんい - han'i) is a fundamental noun that translates most commonly to 'range,' 'scope,' 'extent,' or 'sphere.' At its core, it describes the boundaries—either physical, conceptual, or administrative—within which something exists or operates. Whether you are a student asking about the material covered in an upcoming exam, a scientist defining the parameters of a study, or a professional outlining the limits of a project's responsibility, han'i is the essential term for defining the 'where' and 'how much' of a specific context.

Physical Boundaries: In a physical sense, 範囲 refers to a geographical area or a spatial limit. For example, search and rescue teams might define a specific 'search range' (捜索範囲 - sōsaku han'i) after an incident. It denotes the outer limits of a 2D or 3D space where an activity is confined.

このWi-Fiの電波は、この部屋の範囲内だけで使えます。
(The Wi-Fi signal can only be used within the range of this room.)

Abstract Scope: In abstract terms, it refers to the breadth of a topic or the limits of authority. Students frequently use it to ask about the 'test range' (試験範囲 - shiken han'i), meaning which chapters or pages will be included in the exam. In business, it defines the 'scope of work' (業務範囲 - gyōmu han'i), ensuring that employees know exactly what their responsibilities entail and where they end.

The kanji composition provides deep insight into its meaning. The first character, 範 (han), means 'pattern,' 'model,' or 'limit.' The second character, 囲 (i), means 'surround' or 'enclosure' (as seen in words like 囲む - kakomu). Together, they literally describe a 'surrounded limit' or a 'defined pattern of space.' This makes it a very structured word, often used in formal, academic, or professional settings rather than casual slang, though it is indispensable in daily life for practical matters like school and technology.

来週のテストの範囲は、１章から３章までです。
(The scope of next week's test is from Chapter 1 to Chapter 3.)

Technical and Scientific Usage: In statistics or data science, 範囲 is used to denote the 'range' of a data set—the difference between the highest and lowest values. In biology, it might refer to the 'habitat range' of a species. Its versatility allows it to scale from a small personal limit to a global scientific measurement.

Understanding 範囲 is crucial for navigating Japanese administrative systems. From health insurance coverage (保険の適用範囲) to the range of a delivery service, this word appears everywhere that a line needs to be drawn. It is a word of precision, helping speakers avoid ambiguity by specifying exactly where a certain condition or responsibility applies.

Using 範囲 effectively requires understanding its common grammatical pairings. As a noun, it often acts as the subject or object of a sentence, but it is most frequently seen in the pattern [Noun] + の + 範囲. This allows you to specify what kind of range you are talking about. To express that something is 'within' or 'outside' a range, we use the suffixes 内 (nai - inside) and 外 (gai - outside).

The 'Within' Pattern: To say something is 'within range' or 'within the scope,' use 範囲内 (han'i-nai). This is extremely common in professional and technical contexts.

予算の範囲内で計画を立てましょう。
(Let's make a plan within the scope of the budget.)

Conversely, to say something is 'out of range' or 'beyond the scope,' you use 範囲外 (han'i-gai). This is often heard when a cell phone loses its signal (圏外 - kengai is more common for signal, but 範囲外 is used for general coverage) or when a request is beyond someone's job description.

Verbs Commonly Paired with 範囲

広げる (hirogeru): To expand the range.
狭める (sebameru): To narrow the range.
決める (kimeru): To decide/set the range.
超える (koeru): To exceed the range.
限定する (gentei suru): To limit the scope.

彼は活動の範囲を世界に広げた。
(He expanded the scope of his activities to the world.)

Another common structure is 広い (hiroi - wide) or 狭い (semai - narrow) used as adjectives to describe the range itself. For example, '交友関係が広い' (kōyū kankei ga hiroi) means having a wide circle of friends, while '知識の範囲が狭い' (chishiki no han'i ga semai) means having a narrow range of knowledge.

そのニュースは広い範囲で報道された。
(That news was reported over a wide range/area.)

In more advanced contexts, you might see 及ぶ (oyobu), which means 'to reach' or 'to extend to.' When paired with 範囲, it describes how far an influence or impact reaches. '影響が広い範囲に及ぶ' (Eikyō ga hiroi han'i ni oyobu) means 'The influence extends over a wide range.'

Common Compound Words

行動範囲 (kōdō han'i): One's range of movement/activity.
適用範囲 (tekiyō han'i): Scope of application (e.g., laws, rules).
許容範囲 (kyoyō han'i): Tolerance range / acceptable limit.

それは私の許容範囲を超えています。
(That is beyond my range of tolerance / acceptable limits.)

The word 範囲 is omnipresent in Japanese life, though its frequency varies by domain. One of the most common places a learner will encounter it is in the education system. From elementary school to university, students are constantly concerned with the 'shiken han'i' (test scope). Teachers will announce this weeks in advance, and students will use it to focus their studies.

In the Classroom: 'Sensei, tsugi no tesuto no han'i wa doko desu ka?' (Teacher, what is the scope for the next test?) This is a sentence every Japanese student knows by heart. It defines the specific pages or chapters that will be tested.

テストの範囲が広すぎて、全然覚えられません。
(The test range is too wide; I can't remember anything at all.)

In the professional world, 範囲 is used to define clarity. During a meeting, a manager might discuss the 'sekinin no han'i' (scope of responsibility). This is vital in Japanese corporate culture, where knowing exactly who is responsible for what helps maintain harmony (wa) and efficiency. If someone asks for a favor that isn't your job, you might politely decline by saying it's outside your 'gyōmu han'i' (scope of work).

Weather and News Reports: When watching the news, you will hear 範囲 regarding weather alerts or crime investigations. 'Kōhan'i ni watatte' (across a wide range) is a set phrase used to describe rainfall covering a large part of the country or a power outage affecting many prefectures.

明日は広い範囲で雨が降るでしょう。
(Tomorrow, it will likely rain over a wide area.)

In technology and gaming, 範囲 is used to describe the 'Area of Effect' (AoE) of a skill or the 'range' of a weapon. Gamers will talk about 'han'i kōgeki' (area attack). Similarly, in smartphone settings, you might see 'tsūshin han'i' (communication range) referring to Bluetooth or Wi-Fi limits. It is a word that bridges the gap between highly technical manuals and everyday conversation about gadgets.

この魔法は攻撃範囲がとても広いです。
(This magic has a very wide attack range.)

Finally, in social contexts, people use it to describe their personal lives. 'Kōdō han'i' (activity range) refers to the places one usually goes. For example, 'I live in Tokyo, but my activity range is mostly around Shibuya.' This helps people understand your lifestyle and where they might bump into you.

While 範囲 is a versatile word, English speakers often misuse it by confusing it with other terms like 'limit,' 'place,' or 'distance.' Understanding the subtle boundaries of the word itself is key to sounding natural.

Mistake 1: Confusing 範囲 (Han'i) with 限界 (Genkai): 'Han'i' refers to the scope or area (breadth), while 'Genkai' refers to the ultimate limit or breaking point (depth/capacity). You can expand a 'han'i', but you reach a 'genkai'. You wouldn't say 'my physical range is at its limit' using han'i; you'd use genkai.

❌ 忍耐の範囲を超えた。
✅ 忍耐の限界を超えた。
(Correct: I've exceeded the limit of my patience.)

Mistake 2: Using 範囲 instead of 距離 (Kyori): In English, we use 'range' to mean 'distance' (e.g., 'The range of the missile is 500 miles'). In Japanese, if you are talking about the linear distance something can travel, 距離 (kyori) or 射程 (shatei - range of fire) is often better. 範囲 implies the whole area covered, not just the length of the line.

Mistake 3: Confusing 範囲 with 領域 (Ryōiki): 領域 (Ryōiki) means 'domain' or 'territory.' While 'han'i' is about the extent, 'ryōiki' is about the specialized field or the ownership of a space. You use 'han'i' for a test, but 'ryōiki' for a field of expertise like 'The domain of quantum physics.'

❌ 彼の専門範囲は数学です。
✅ 彼の専門領域は数学です。
(Correct: His field of expertise is mathematics.)

Another common error is forgetting that 範囲 is a noun. Beginners sometimes try to use it as a verb or an adjective directly. Remember to use 'no' to connect it to other nouns, or use 'ni' / 'de' to place it in a sentence correctly. Also, be careful with the pronunciation: it is 'han-i' (three moras), not 'hani' (honey). The 'n' and 'i' are distinct sounds.

Mistake 4: Overusing 範囲 for 'Place': Sometimes learners use 範囲 when they simply mean 場所 (basho - place) or 地域 (chiiki - region). If you want to say 'This is a beautiful area,' use 'chiiki.' If you say 'This is a beautiful han'i,' it sounds like you are complimenting the mathematical scope of the area, which is nonsensical.

Japanese has many words that overlap with 範囲. Choosing the right one depends on whether you are talking about space, authority, or categories.

範囲 (Han'i) vs. 領域 (Ryōiki): 範囲: Focuses on the outer limits/extent (e.g., 'What is the range of this Wi-Fi?').
領域: Focuses on the content or territory within a field (e.g., 'This is the territory of a lion' or 'The field of medicine').

範囲 (Han'i) vs. 区域 (Kuiki): 範囲: Often abstract or natural limits (e.g., test scope).
区域: Strictly defined zones or districts, often by law or regulation (e.g., 'No-smoking zone' - 禁煙区域).

この範囲内は立ち入り禁止です。
(Entry within this range is prohibited.)

If you are talking about the scale of something, 規模 (kibo) is a better choice. While 'han'i' tells you how far something spreads, 'kibo' tells you how large or grand the operation is. For example, a business might have a wide 'han'i' (operating in many countries) and a large 'kibo' (many employees and high revenue).

Other Alternatives

枠 (waku): Frame or framework. Used for 'within the framework of the law' (法の枠内で).
圏 (ken): Sphere or circle. Used for 'commuter sphere' (通勤圏) or 'signal range' (圏内).
限度 (gendo): Limit. Used for 'spending limit' (利用限度額).

In summary, 範囲 is the 'bread and butter' word for scope. While others like ryōiki or kuiki are more specific to fields or legal zones, han'i can be used for almost anything that has a start and an end point. When in doubt, han'i is usually the safest and most commonly understood term for 'range.'

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The kanji '範' is also found in 'Han'nin' (criminal - wait, no, that's 犯), it's actually in 'Mohan' (model/exemplar). It implies a standard or a set limit that shouldn't be strayed from.

发音指南

UK /hæn.i/

US /hɑːn.i/

Japanese pitch accent: Heiban (Flat). The pitch starts low and stays high, or is relatively even throughout.

押韵词

Kan'i (simplicity) Tan'i (unit) San'i (approval) Man'i (fullness) Ran'i (difficulty) Ban'i (barbarian) Gan'i (meaning) Zen'i (goodwill)

常见错误

Pronouncing it as 'hani' (two beats) instead of 'ha-n-i' (three beats).
Confusing the 'n' sound with a vowel nasalization.
Stress on the first syllable like English 'HON-ey'.
Slurring the 'i' into the 'n'.
Misreading the kanji as 'han'en' (semicircle).

难度评级

阅读 3/5

The kanji '範' is N3 level, but '囲' is taught early. Recognizing the pair is key.

写作 4/5

Writing '範' requires attention to the bamboo radical and the complex bottom part.

口语 2/5

Easy to pronounce if you remember the three beats (ha-n-i).

听力 2/5

Very distinct sound, but don't confuse it with 'hani' (honey) or 'han'en'.

接下来学什么

前置知识

中 (Naka) - Inside 外 (Soto) - Outside 広い (Hiroi) - Wide 狭い (Semai) - Narrow 場所 (Basho) - Place

接下来学习

領域 (Ryōiki) - Domain 限界 (Genkai) - Limit 境界 (Kyōkai) - Boundary 規模 (Kibo) - Scale 対象 (Taishō) - Target

高级

管轄 (Kankatsu) - Jurisdiction 範疇 (Hanchū) - Category 網羅 (Mōra) - Encompass 逸脱 (Itsudatsu) - Deviation 抵触 (Teishoku) - Conflict (with laws)

需要掌握的语法

Noun + の + 範囲 (The range of [Noun])

知識の範囲 (The range of knowledge)

範囲 + 内/外 (Inside/Outside the range)

予算の範囲内 (Within the budget)

広い/狭い + 範囲 (Wide/Narrow range)

広い範囲で雨が降る (Rain over a wide area)

範囲 + に + 及ぶ (Extends to the range)

影響が広い範囲に及ぶ (Impact extends over a wide range)

範囲 + を + 決める/広げる/狭める (Set/Expand/Narrow the range)

テストの範囲を決める (Set the test range)

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按水平分级的例句

テストの範囲はどこですか？

Where is the test range?

Noun + no + han'i

このWi-Fiの範囲は狭いです。

This Wi-Fi range is narrow.

Adjective 'semai' modifying the noun phrase.

範囲は１ページから１０ページまでです。

The range is from page 1 to page 10.

kara... made structure.

ここは私の活動の範囲です。

This is my range of activity.

Possessive 'no' with han'i.

範囲を教えてください。

Please tell me the scope.

Object marker 'o' with kudasai.

この範囲は安全です。

This area/range is safe.

Simple A wa B desu sentence.

広い範囲に雪が降りました。

Snow fell over a wide range.

Adjective 'hiroi' + han'i + ni.

範囲外に行かないでください。

Please do not go out of range.

Han'i-gai (outside range).

私の行動範囲はあまり広くありません。

My range of activity isn't very wide.

Compound noun 'kōdō-han'i'.

予算の範囲内で買い物をします。

I shop within the scope of my budget.

Han'i-nai (within range).

彼は広い範囲の知識を持っています。

He has a wide range of knowledge.

Hiroi han'i no + noun.

この薬の効く範囲を教えてください。

Please tell me the range of this medicine's effectiveness.

Relative clause modifying han'i.

来週のテスト範囲を確認しましょう。

Let's check the test range for next week.

Shiken-han'i (test scope).

検索範囲を絞り込んでください。

Please narrow down the search range.

Verb 'shiborikomu' (narrow down).

そのニュースは広い範囲で話題になった。

That news became a topic over a wide range.

Hiroi han'i de (in a wide range).

市の全範囲で停電が起きました。

A power outage occurred across the entire range of the city.

Zen-han'i (entire range).

業務の範囲を明確にすることが大切です。

It is important to clarify the scope of work.

Gyōmu no han'i (scope of work).

それは私の責任の範囲外です。

That is outside the scope of my responsibility.

Sekinin no han'i-gai.

趣味の範囲で楽しんでいます。

I am enjoying it within the scope of a hobby.

Shumi no han'i de.

彼の活動範囲は、今や世界中に及んでいる。

The scope of his activities now extends all over the world.

Verb 'oyobu' (extend to).

これは許容範囲内のミスです。

This is an error within the acceptable range.

Kyoyō-han'i (tolerance range).

調査の範囲を広げる必要があります。

It is necessary to expand the scope of the investigation.

Verb 'hirogeru' (expand).

このルールは、全ての社員が適用範囲です。

This rule applies to all employees (they are within the scope).

Tekiyō-han'i (scope of application).

影響が広い範囲に及ぶことが懸念されます。

There are concerns that the impact will extend over a wide range.

Kenen sareru (to be concerned).

法的な適用範囲について議論しましょう。

Let's discuss the legal scope of application.

Hōteki (legal) + tekiyō-han'i.

このデータセットの範囲は非常に大きいです。

The range of this dataset is extremely large.

Statistical use of han'i.

個人のプライバシーの範囲を守るべきだ。

We should protect the scope of individual privacy.

Puraibashī no han'i.

その学説は広い範囲で支持されています。

That theory is supported over a wide range/field.

Gakusetsu (theory) + shiji (support).

彼の発言は、本来の議論の範囲を逸脱している。

His remarks deviate from the original scope of the discussion.

Itsudatsu (deviation).

選択の範囲が限られているのが現状です。

The current situation is that the range of choices is limited.

Sentaku no han'i (range of choice).

被害の範囲を最小限に抑える。

Minimize the range/extent of damage.

Saishōgen (minimum) + osaeru (suppress).

このプロジェクトの対象範囲を再定義する。

Redefine the target scope of this project.

Taishō-han'i (target scope).

条約の有効範囲は、締約国全体にわたる。

The scope of the treaty's validity covers all contracting states.

Yūkō-han'i (validity range).

思想の自由の範囲については、憲法学上の重要な争点だ。

The scope of freedom of thought is a crucial point of contention in constitutional law.

Shisō no jiyū (freedom of thought).

その現象は、我々の知覚範囲を超えている。

That phenomenon exceeds the range of our perception.

Chikaku-han'i (perception range).

権限の範囲を越えた行為は、無効とされる可能性がある。

Acts that exceed the scope of authority may be rendered invalid.

Kengen (authority) + koeta (exceeded).

社会保障の適用範囲を巡って、激しい論争が続いている。

Fierce controversy continues regarding the scope of social security coverage.

Megutte (regarding/around).

彼の詩は、人間の感情のあらゆる範囲を網羅している。

His poetry covers every range of human emotion.

Mōra suru (to cover/encompass).

その企業の支配範囲は、もはや一国に留まらない。

That company's sphere of control is no longer limited to one country.

Shihai-han'i (sphere of control).

誤差の範囲内として処理された。

It was processed as being within the range of error.

Gosa no han'i (margin of error).

認識論的範囲の限界を模索する。

Explore the limits of the epistemological scope.

Ninshikiron-teki (epistemological).

主権の及ぶ範囲は、領土、領海、領空を含む。

The scope of sovereignty includes territory, territorial waters, and airspace.

Shuken (sovereignty).

その作品は、リアリズムの範囲を遥かに逸脱した前衛的なものだ。

The work is an avant-garde piece that far deviates from the scope of realism.

Riarizumu (realism) + itsudatsu (deviation).

歴史学の対象範囲は、文字記録の出現以前にも遡る。

The target scope of historiography goes back even before the appearance of written records.

Sakanoboru (to go back in time).

法的救済の範囲をどこまで広げるべきかが問われている。

The question is how far the scope of legal remedies should be expanded.

Hōteki kyūsai (legal remedy).

言説の範囲を制御することで、大衆の意識を操作する。

Manipulate the consciousness of the masses by controlling the scope of discourse.

Gensetsu (discourse) + sōsa (manipulation).

この数学的命題の成立範囲を厳密に定義しなければならない。

The range of validity for this mathematical proposition must be strictly defined.

Seiritsu-han'i (range of validity).

宇宙の膨張に伴い、観測可能な範囲も変化し続けている。

Along with the expansion of the universe, the observable range continues to change.

Kansoku kanō na han'i (observable range).

近义词

領域区域枠圏スコープ

反义词

全体局所

常见搭配

範囲を広げる

範囲を狭める

範囲を決める

範囲内に収まる

範囲外に出る

広い範囲

狭い範囲

誤差の範囲

適用範囲

許容範囲

常用短语

試験範囲

— The scope of material covered in an exam. Used by students and teachers constantly.

今回の試験範囲はどこですか？

行動範囲

— The range of locations a person usually visits. Often used to describe one's lifestyle.

車を買ってから行動範囲が広がった。

業務範囲

— The specific tasks and responsibilities assigned to a job. Crucial for contracts.

私の業務範囲はデザインだけです。

想定範囲内

— Within the range of what was expected or predicted. Often used when things go wrong but were planned for.

このトラブルは想定範囲内だ。

有効範囲

— The range or period during which something is valid or effective.

このクーポンの有効範囲を確認してください。

責任範囲

— The scope of one's responsibility. Used to clarify who is at fault or in charge.

責任範囲を明確にする。

知識の範囲

— The extent of what one knows. Often used modestly to say 'As far as I know.'

私の知識の範囲では分かりません。

攻撃範囲

— The range of an attack. Common in gaming and sports.

この武器は攻撃範囲が広い。

捜索範囲

— The area designated for a search, such as for a lost person.

捜索範囲を山全体に広げた。

利用範囲

— The scope of how something can be used, such as a ticket or a software license.

このチケットの利用範囲は広いです。

容易混淆的词

範囲 vs 限界 (Genkai)

Genkai is a limit/breaking point. Han'i is an area/scope. You expand a han'i, but you push a genkai.

範囲 vs 領域 (Ryōiki)

Ryōiki is a domain or field. Han'i is the extent. Use Ryōiki for 'field of study' and Han'i for 'test material'.

範囲 vs 距離 (Kyori)

Kyori is linear distance. Han'i is area. A signal has a 'kyori' (length) but operates within a 'han'i' (area).

习语与表达

"守備範囲が広い"

— To have a wide range of expertise, interests, or capabilities. Originally from baseball (fielding range).

彼はジャズからロックまで、守備範囲が広い。

Casual/Sporty

"想定の範囲内"

— Within expectations. Famously used by Takafumi Horie during a business takeover attempt.

この株価の下落は想定の範囲内です。

Business/Media

"常識の範囲内"

— Within the bounds of common sense. Used to set social expectations.

常識の範囲内で行動してください。

Social

"手の届く範囲"

— Within reach. Used both physically and metaphorically for attainable goals.

手の届く範囲の幸せを大切にする。

Neutral

"誤差の範囲"

— Used to dismiss a small mistake or difference as insignificant.

1分くらいの遅刻は誤差の範囲だ。

Casual/Business

"活動の範囲を広げる"

— To broaden one's horizons or start new types of activities.

定年後はボランティアで活動の範囲を広げたい。

Formal

"趣味の範囲を出ない"

— To not go beyond being a mere hobby (not professional level).

私の料理はまだ趣味の範囲を出ません。

Modest

"一国の範囲に留まらない"

— To not be limited to a single country (global impact).

この問題の影響は一国の範囲に留まらない。

Journalistic

"許容範囲を超える"

— To exceed what is tolerable. Used for behavior, noise, or stress.

彼のわがままはもう許容範囲を超えている。

Social

"目の届く範囲"

— Within sight or supervision. Often used regarding children.

子供は目の届く範囲で遊ばせてください。

Parental/Safety

容易混淆

範囲 vs 圏 (Ken)

Both mean 'range' or 'sphere.'

'Ken' is usually used for circular or influence spheres (Wi-Fi, commuting). 'Han'i' is more general for any boundary.

圏内 (Within signal) vs 範囲内 (Within scope).

範囲 vs 区域 (Kuiki)

Both refer to a physical area.

'Kuiki' is for official, mapped-out zones. 'Han'i' can be abstract or informal.

禁煙区域 (No smoking zone) vs 捜索範囲 (Search range).

範囲 vs 限度 (Gendo)

Both imply a limit.

'Gendo' is the 'maximum amount' (like money or patience). 'Han'i' is the 'breadth' (like a list of topics).

利用限度額 (Spending limit) vs 利用範囲 (Usage range).

範囲 vs 枠 (Waku)

Both define a space where things happen.

'Waku' is a 'frame' or 'slot.' 'Han'i' is the 'extent.'

予算の枠 (Budget framework) vs 予算の範囲 (Budget range).

範囲 vs 射程 (Shatei)

Both mean 'range.'

'Shatei' is specifically for weapons or projectiles. 'Han'i' is for anything.

射程距離 (Firing range) vs 攻撃範囲 (Attack range).

句型

Noun の範囲は [Place/Page] です。

テストの範囲は５ページまでです。

[Noun] の範囲内で [Verb]。

予算の範囲内で買います。

範囲を [広げる/狭める] 必要があります。

捜索の範囲を広げる必要があります。

[Noun] が広い範囲に及んでいる。

被害が広い範囲に及んでいる。

[Noun] は範囲外と見なされる。

その行為は適用範囲外と見なされる。

[Concept] の範囲を厳密に規定する。

主権の及ぶ範囲を厳密に規定する。

All

それは範囲外です。

それは私の仕事の範囲外です。

All

広い範囲で [Event]。

広い範囲で停電が起きました。

词族

名词

広範囲 (Kō-han'i) - Wide range

全範囲 (Zen-han'i) - Entire range

適用範囲 (Tekiyō-han'i) - Scope of application

动词

範囲を決める (Han'i o kimeru) - To set a range

範囲を限定する (Han'i o gentei suru) - To limit the scope

形容词

広範囲な (Kō-han'i na) - Extensive/Wide-ranging

如何使用

frequency

Very common in educational, professional, and technical contexts. Daily use is moderate to high.

常见错误

Using 'han'i' for 'limit' of patience. → 忍耐の限界 (Nintai no genkai)
Patience has a breaking point (limit), not a geographical or topical area (range). Use 'genkai'.
Saying 'han'i' for the distance to the station. → 駅から家までの距離 (Kyori)
Distance between two points is 'kyori'. 'Han'i' is the whole area covered.
Pronouncing it as 'hani'. → はんい (ha-n-i)
The 'n' is a full beat in Japanese. Skipping it changes the word's rhythm and can make it hard to understand.
Using 'han'i' for 'field of expertise' in an academic intro. → 専門領域 (Senmon ryōiki)
While 'han'i' works, 'ryōiki' is much more professional and standard for academic fields.
Using 'han'i' as a verb: '範囲する'. → 範囲を限定する (Han'i o gentei suru)
'Han'i' is a noun. You must use a verb like 'gentei suru' (to limit) or 'kimeru' (to decide) with it.

小贴士

Using -nai and -gai

Always remember that 'han'i-nai' (within range) and 'han'i-gai' (outside range) act like nouns or No-adjectives. You can say 'han'i-nai desu' or 'han'i-nai no [Noun]'.

Test Prep

If you are a student in Japan, 'shiken han'i' is the most important word to know. Teachers often post it on the board or in a handout.

Han'i vs Genkai

Use 'han'i' when you can draw a circle around it. Use 'genkai' when you are pushing against a wall (like energy or patience).

Scope of Work

In professional emails, use 'gyōmu han'i' to clarify your tasks. It helps prevent 'scope creep' where you end up doing more than you should.

Metaphorical Range

Using 'shubi-han'i' (fielding range) in conversation makes you sound very natural and slightly humorous, as it's a common baseball metaphor.

Kanji Tip

The kanji '囲' is the same as in 'kakomu' (to surround). If you know that verb, you can easily remember the meaning of 'han'i'.

Pitch Accent

Keep your pitch flat (Heiban). Don't emphasize any particular syllable; just let the three beats flow evenly.

News Keywords

When you hear 'hiroi han'i ni watatte,' get ready for information about weather, power outages, or widespread social changes.

Respecting Boundaries

Understanding 'han'i' helps you understand Japanese social boundaries. Asking 'Is this within the range of okay?' is a very Japanese mindset.

Versatility

Because 'han'i' is so versatile, it's a 'safe' word. If you aren't sure of a more specific word like 'ryōiki,' 'han'i' will almost always be understood.

记住它

记忆技巧

Imagine a **FAN** (Han) cooling a specific **I**nside (i) area. The fan's reach is its **Han'i** (Range).

视觉联想

Picture a circle drawn on a map with a compass. The area inside the circle is the 'han'i'.

Word Web

Test Wi-Fi Budget Responsibility Map Limit Scope Area

挑战

Try to identify three things in your room today that have a 'han'i' (e.g., your desk's surface, your lamp's light, your Wi-Fi signal).

词源

Composed of two Sino-Japanese characters (Kanji). '範' (Han) originally referred to a mold or pattern used in casting or a model to follow. '囲' (I) comes from the radical for enclosure, meaning to surround or circle.

原始含义： A surrounded pattern or a model with set boundaries.

Sino-Japanese (Kango)

文化背景

No specific sensitivities, but ensure you don't use 'han'i' to describe people's social status, as it sounds overly clinical.

English speakers might use 'range' or 'scope' interchangeably, but 'scope' is often better for abstract things and 'range' for physical ones. Japanese 'han'i' covers both.

Horie Takafumi's 'Sōtei-nai' (Within expectations) catchphrase during the Livedoor incident. Commonly used in 'Hunter x Hunter' (En) to describe the range of a character's aura. Frequent term in weather forecasts (NHK News).

在生活中练习

真实语境

Education

試験範囲 (Test scope)
範囲を絞る (Narrow the range)
出題範囲 (Question range)
範囲外の問題 (Questions out of range)

Business

業務範囲 (Scope of work)
責任範囲 (Scope of responsibility)
適用範囲 (Scope of application)
想定範囲内 (Within expectations)

Technology

電波の範囲 (Signal range)
検索範囲 (Search range)
通信範囲 (Communication range)
有効範囲 (Effective range)

Weather/News

広い範囲で (Over a wide area)
被害の範囲 (Range of damage)
捜索範囲 (Search range)
影響範囲 (Impact range)

Social/Personal

行動範囲 (Activity range)
許容範囲 (Tolerance range)
趣味の範囲 (Hobby level)
常識の範囲 (Common sense range)

对话开场白

"次の日本語のテストの範囲はどこまでですか？ (How far is the next Japanese test scope?)"

"あなたの行動範囲は、普段どのあたりですか？ (Where is your usual range of activity?)"

"この仕事の業務範囲を教えていただけますか？ (Could you tell me the scope of work for this job?)"

"最近、趣味の範囲を広げたいと思っているんです。 (I'm thinking of expanding my range of hobbies lately.)"

"このWi-Fi、届く範囲が狭くないですか？ (Isn't the range of this Wi-Fi narrow?)"

日记主题

自分の「行動範囲」について書いてみよう。普段どこに行くことが多いですか？ (Write about your 'activity range.' Where do you usually go?)

最近、自分の「許容範囲」を超えた出来事はありましたか？ (Has anything happened recently that exceeded your 'tolerance range'?)

新しいことを始めて「知識の範囲」を広げた経験について教えてください。 (Tell me about an experience where you expanded your 'range of knowledge' by starting something new.)

仕事や学校で、自分の「責任範囲」をどう考えていますか？ (How do you think about your 'scope of responsibility' at work or school?)

理想的な「生活の範囲」はどのようなものですか？ (What is your ideal 'range of living'?)

常见问题

10 个问题

Not usually. For a 'range of time,' use 'kikan' (period) or 'aida' (between). However, you can use it metaphorically in 'katsudō no han'i' (range of activities over time), but it's primarily spatial or conceptual.

Yes, it is a neutral noun. It is perfectly fine to use with teachers, bosses, or friends. In very formal settings, you might use 'ryōiki' or 'kankatsu' depending on the specific meaning.

You say 'Yosan no han'i-nai de' (予算の範囲内で). 'Yosan' is budget, 'no' connects it, and 'han'i-nai' means within range.

'Basho' is a specific place (like 'the park'). 'Han'i' is the extent of an area (like 'the whole park area'). You wouldn't say 'The test place is page 1,' you'd say 'The test scope is page 1'.

You can use it to describe a group of people, like 'taishō no han'i' (the range of people targeted). You don't use it to describe a person's physical size.

The most natural way is 'Tesuto no han'i wa doko desu ka?' (Where is the test range?).

Literally 'fielding range' in baseball. Metaphorically, it means the types of things or people you are interested in or good at handling.

No, it is a noun. To use it as a verb-like concept, you pair it with verbs like 'gentei suru' (limit the scope) or 'kimeru' (decide the range).

It is 'semai han'i' (narrow range).

In English, we say 'range' for distance. In Japanese, 'han'i' is the area. For a linear distance, use 'kyori'.

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