B1 Passive & Reported Speech 1 min read 简单

Passive Usage

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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

The passive voice shifts focus from the doer to the action by adding -yl/-il or -yn/-in suffixes to the verb stem.

  • Add -yl/-il to verb stems ending in consonants: 'жазу' (to write) becomes 'жазылу' (to be written).
  • Add -n to verb stems ending in vowels: 'оқу' (to read) becomes 'оқыну' (to be read).
  • The agent (doer) is often omitted, but if included, it uses the instrumental case (-men/ben/pen).
Verb Stem + (-yl/-il/-n) + Tense/Person Suffix

Passive Voice Formation

Verb Stem Suffix Passive Stem Meaning
жаз
-ыл
жазыл
to be written
оқы
-н
оқын
to be read
істе
-н
істен
to be done
көр
-іл
көріл
to be seen
айт
-ыл
айтыл
to be said
са
-лын
салын
to be built

Meanings

The passive voice is used to emphasize the object of an action or the action itself rather than the subject performing it.

1

Standard Passive

Focusing on the result of an action.

“Үй салынды.”

“Хат жіберілді.”

2

Reflexive/Passive overlap

Actions done to oneself or general passive.

“Ол киінді.”

“Есік ашылды.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Passive Usage
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Stem + Suffix + Tense
Жазылды (Was written)
Negative
Stem + Suffix + Neg + Tense
Жазылмады (Was not written)
Question
Stem + Suffix + Tense + Question
Жазылды ма? (Was it written?)
Continuous
Stem + Suffix + жатыр
Жазылып жатыр (Is being written)
Necessity
Stem + Suffix + керек
Жазылу керек (Must be written)
Past Habitual
Stem + Suffix + -atyn
Жазылатын (Used to be written)

正式程度

正式
Есеп берілді.

Есеп берілді. (Work environment)

中性
Есеп бітті.

Есеп бітті. (Work environment)

非正式
Есепті бітірдік.

Есепті бітірдік. (Work environment)

俚语
Есеп дайын.

Есеп дайын. (Work environment)

Passive Voice Logic

Passive Voice

Suffixes

  • -ыл/-іл Consonant stems
  • -н Vowel stems

Usage

  • Formal Reports
  • Objective Processes

Active vs Passive

Active
Ол хат жазды He wrote a letter
Passive
Хат жазылды The letter was written
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按水平分级的例句

1

Хат жазылды.

The letter was written.

2

Тамақ ішілді.

The food was eaten.

3

Есік ашылды.

The door was opened.

4

Кітап оқылды.

The book was read.

1

Үй кеше салынды.

The house was built yesterday.

2

Жұмыс ертең бітіріледі.

The work will be finished tomorrow.

3

Ол шақырылды.

He was invited.

4

Бұл айтылмады.

This was not said.

1

Жоба топпен талқыланды.

The project was discussed by the team.

2

Шешім қабылданды.

The decision was made.

3

Мәселе зерттеліп жатыр.

The issue is being researched.

4

Заңдар өзгертілді.

The laws were changed.

1

Нәтижелер есепке алынбады.

The results were not taken into account.

2

Бұл ұсыныс қолдау тапты.

This proposal was supported.

3

Құжаттар тексерілуі керек.

The documents must be checked.

4

Оқиға егжей-тегжейлі баяндалды.

The event was described in detail.

1

Мұндай пікірлер жиі айтылады.

Such opinions are often expressed.

2

Қателіктер түзетілуі тиіс еді.

The errors should have been corrected.

3

Ол қызметтен босатылды.

He was dismissed from his post.

4

Жаңа технологиялар енгізілуде.

New technologies are being introduced.

1

Тарихтың тереңінен сыр шертіледі.

Secrets are told from the depths of history.

2

Бұл мәселелер әлі де талқылануда.

These issues are still being discussed.

3

Оның есімі тарихта қалдырылды.

His name was left in history.

4

Шешімдер қабылдануына қарамастан...

Despite the decisions being made...

容易混淆

Passive Usage 对比 Reflexive vs Passive

Both use similar suffixes.

Passive Usage 对比 Active vs Passive

Learners use active when passive is needed.

Passive Usage 对比 Intransitive Verbs

Trying to make them passive.

常见错误

✗

Ол жаздылды

✓

Ол жазылды

Extra suffix added.
✗

Кітап оқыды

✓

Кітап оқылды

Forgot passive suffix.
✗

Үй салынды ма

✓

Үй салынды ма?

Missing question mark.
✗

Тамақ желінді

✓

Тамақ ішілді

Wrong verb choice.
✗

Ол айтылды ма?

✓

Ол айтылды ма?

Correct, but check vowel harmony.
✗

Жұмыс істелді

✓

Жұмыс істелді

Check stem ending.
✗

Хат жазылған еді

✓

Хат жазылды

Tense mismatch.
✗

Ол тарапынан жасалды

✓

Ол жасалды

Unnecessary agent.
✗

Ол барды

✓

Ол жіберілді

Passive on intransitive.
✗

Мәселе шешілді

✓

Мәселе шешілді

Correct.
✗

Бұл айтылып жатыр

✓

Бұл айтылуда

Register mismatch.
✗

Ол естілді

✓

Ол естілді

Correct.
✗

Ол көрінді

✓

Ол көрінді

Correct.
✗

Ол сезілді

✓

Ол сезілді

Correct.

句型

___ жазылды.

Жұмыс ___ бітіріледі.

Бұл мәселе ___ талқыланды.

Жаңа заңдар ___ енгізілуде.

Real World Usage

News Report very common

Жаңа мектеп салынды.

Work Email common

Есеп жіберілді.

Social Media occasional

Жаңалықтар жарияланды.

Recipe common

Тамақ пісірілді.

Travel Guide common

Бұл жерде көп нәрсе көріледі.

Job Interview occasional

Менің жұмысым бағаланды.

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💡

Check the stem

Always look at the last letter of the verb stem to choose the right suffix.
⚠️

No intransitive

Don't try to make verbs like 'go' or 'sleep' passive.
🎯

Use for formality

Use the passive voice to sound more professional in emails.
💬

Be objective

In Kazakh culture, passive voice shows you are being objective and fair.

Smart Tips

Use the passive voice to keep the focus on the results.

Мен есепті бітірдім. → Есеп бітірілді.

Use the passive voice to avoid guessing.

Біреу есікті ашты. → Есік ашылды.

Use the passive voice to list steps clearly.

Сіз тамақты пісіресіз. → Тамақ пісіріледі.

Passive voice removes the 'I' from the sentence.

Мен бұл шешімді қабылдадым. → Шешім қабылданды.

发音

a -> yl, e -> il

Vowel Harmony

Ensure the suffix vowels match the stem vowels.

Falling

Хат жазылды ↓

Finality and completion.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of the 'N' in 'Passive' as a hook that pulls the object to the front.

视觉联想

Imagine a letter floating from a desk to the center of the room, with no one holding it.

Rhyme

Stem ends in vowel, add an N, if consonant, add IL or YL then.

Story

The chef cooked the meal (Active). The meal was cooked by the chef (Passive). Now, the meal is served (Passive, no agent).

Word Web

жазылуоқылусалынуайтылукөрілуістелу

挑战

Write 3 sentences about your day using only passive verbs.

文化笔记

Passive voice is preferred in official documents to maintain neutrality.

Used to describe research methods.

Used to report events without naming sources.

The passive suffixes in Kazakh are derived from ancient Turkic verb modifications.

对话开场白

“

Бұл жұмыс қашан бітіріледі?

“

Бұл кітап оқылды ма?

“

Жаңа заңдар қабылданды ма?

“

Бұл жоба қалай талқылануда?

日记主题

Describe a project you finished using passive voice.
What is being done in your city to improve roads?
Write about a book you read.
Discuss a recent decision in your workplace.

常见错误

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

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Test Yourself

Fill in the correct passive suffix.

Хат жаз___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Consonant stem requires -ыл.
Choose the correct passive form. 多项选择

Үй ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
салынды is the passive form.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Ол барды (passive).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: b
Intransitive verbs cannot be passive.
Change to passive. Sentence Transformation

Ол хатты жазды.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Correct passive transformation.
Match the verb to its passive form. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Correct suffixes.
Is this passive? True False Rule

Ол киінді (reflexive).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: b
It is reflexive, not passive.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Жұмыс бітті ме? B: Иә, ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Passive is needed.
Conjugate in past passive. Conjugation Drill

айт

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Correct past passive.

Score: /8

练习题

8 exercises
Fill in the correct passive suffix.

Хат жаз___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Consonant stem requires -ыл.
Choose the correct passive form. 多项选择

Үй ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
салынды is the passive form.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Ол барды (passive).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: b
Intransitive verbs cannot be passive.
Change to passive. Sentence Transformation

Ол хатты жазды.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Correct passive transformation.
Match the verb to its passive form. Match Pairs

жаз - ?, оқы - ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Correct suffixes.
Is this passive? True False Rule

Ол киінді (reflexive).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: b
It is reflexive, not passive.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Жұмыс бітті ме? B: Иә, ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Passive is needed.
Conjugate in past passive. Conjugation Drill

айт

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Correct past passive.

Score: /8

常见问题 (8)

It is a grammatical construction where the subject receives the action.

Add -yl/-il to consonant stems and -n to vowel stems.

No, only transitive verbs.

In formal reports, news, and when the actor is unknown.

No, reflexive is for self-action.

It helps you sound objective and professional.

Use the instrumental case (-men/ben/pen).

It is more common in writing than in casual speech.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

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In Other Languages

Spanish moderate

Voz pasiva (ser + participio)

Kazakh is agglutinative; Spanish is analytic.

French moderate

Voix passive

Kazakh suffixation is more compact.

German moderate

Passiv

German syntax is more rigid.

Japanese high

Ukem-i

Japanese has a specific 'adversative' passive.

Arabic moderate

Al-Mabni lil-Majhul

Arabic is root-based; Kazakh is stem-based.

Chinese low

Bei-construction

Chinese is isolating; Kazakh is agglutinative.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
Passive Sentence Structure
Next
Agentive Passive

Related Grammar Rules

B1

Passive Suffixes
B1

Passive Sentence Structure
B1

Agentive Passive
B1

Reported Speech Basics
B1

Indirect Speech
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