When you want to connect two actions or state that one action happens because of another, you can use ~서/아서. If the preceding verb/adjective stem ends in a vowel ㅏ or ㅗ, you add ~아서. For example, 가다 (to go) becomes 가서.
If the preceding verb/adjective stem ends in any other vowel or a consonant, you add ~어서. For example, 먹다 (to eat) becomes 먹어서. If the verb is 하다 (to do), it changes to 해서. This conjunction shows a cause-and-effect relationship or that one action happens immediately after another.
The Korean conjunction ~서/~아서 connects two clauses. It can express a reason or cause, similar to "because" or "so" in English. For example, 비가 오니까 우산을 가져가서요 (Because it's raining, I brought an umbrella). Here, the first clause 비가 오니까 (it's raining) is the reason for the second clause.
It can also show a sequence of actions, meaning "and then" or "after doing something." For instance, 학교에 가서 공부했어요 (I went to school and then studied). In this case, going to school happens first, followed by studying. The choice between ~서 and ~아서 depends on the last vowel of the verb or adjective stem. If the last vowel is 아 or 오, use ~아서; otherwise, use ~서. For example, 가다 becomes 가서 (to go + so/and then) and º¼ººº다 becomes º¼ººº늤서 (to eat + so/and then).
The Korean conjunction ~서/~아서 connects two clauses, indicating either a reason or a sequential action. It is often translated as 'so' or 'because' when expressing a reason. The choice between ~서 and ~아서 depends on the last vowel of the preceding verb stem. If the last vowel is 아 (a) or ᔜ (o), you use ~아서. Otherwise, you use ~서. For example, 좋다 (to be good) becomes 좋아서 and 먹다 (to eat) becomes 먹어서. This conjunction is widely used in everyday conversation to link ideas smoothly.
The Korean conjunction ‘~서/아서’ connects two clauses, indicating either a reason for the following clause or a sequence of actions. When indicating a reason, it means 'because' or 'so', with the first clause providing the cause for the second. For sequential actions, it means 'and then', where the first action must be completed before the second can occur. The choice between ‘~서’ and ‘~아서’ depends on the vowel ending of the preceding verb stem: ‘~아서’ is used after stems ending in a bright vowel (ㅏ, ㅗ), while ‘~어서’ is used after stems ending in a dark vowel (ㅓ, ㅜ, ㅡ, ㅣ). If the stem ends in ‘하’, it becomes ‘~해서’. This conjunction is widely used in everyday conversation to link events and explain relationships between actions or states.
The Korean conjunction ~서/~아서 is primarily used to connect two clauses where the first clause provides the reason or cause for the second clause, or where the second clause is a sequential action that naturally follows the first. Think of it as meaning "because" or "and then" depending on the context.
For example, if you say 우리가 함&#x께;회사에 가서, 일을 했어요 (We went to the company together, so we worked), the first part explains why the second action happened. Another example, 머리가 아파서 학&#x교;에 못 가서어요 (My head hurt, so I couldn't go to school), clearly shows a reason and its consequence.
It's important to note that the tense is usually expressed in the final verb of the sentence, not in the verb preceding ~서/~아서. This conjunction is incredibly versatile and commonly used in everyday Korean conversations to link actions and reasons smoothly.
Therefore, mastering ~서/~아서 is crucial for building more complex and natural-sounding sentences as you progress in your Korean language learning journey.
~서/아서 30秒了解
- Use ~서/아서 to express a reason or cause for the second clause.
- Use ~서/아서 to show that one action happened, and then another action followed.
- Cannot be used with past tense (~었/았) or future tense (~겠) endings directly before ~서/아서.
§ Mistake 1: Confusing ~서/아서 with ~고 (and, then)
Many learners mix up ~서/아서 and ~고 because both can connect clauses. However, their functions are different. ~서/아서 indicates a cause/reason or a sequential action where the first action directly leads to or is a prerequisite for the second. ~고 simply lists actions or states that happen in order or at the same time, without necessarily implying a direct connection.
- Incorrect
- 저는 밥을 먹어서 커피를 마셨어요. (I ate rice and then drank coffee.)
This sentence implies that because you ate rice, you drank coffee, which usually isn't the intended meaning. You just did both actions.
- Correct
- 저는 밥을 먹고 커피를 마셨어요. (I ate rice and drank coffee.)
피곤해서 일찍 잤어요. (Because I was tired, I slept early.)
Here, ~서/아서 is correct because being tired is the reason for sleeping early.
§ Mistake 2: Using ~서/아서 with future tense or commands/suggestions
A crucial rule for ~서/아서 is that you cannot use it with future tense endings (~겠-, ~(으)ㄹ 거예요) or command/suggestion endings (~(으)세요, ~ㅂ시다). This is because ~서/아서 describes an action or state that has already happened or is currently happening, which then leads to the next clause. You can't give a reason for something that hasn't happened yet, or command/suggest based on a future reason expressed with ~서/아서.
- Incorrect
- 내일 바쁘겠어서 못 만나요. (Because I will be busy tomorrow, I can't meet.)
The future tense ~겠 is incorrect here. Instead, you'd use a different conjunction like ~(으)니까 or just imply it.
- Incorrect
- 피곤해서 쉬세요. (Because you are tired, please rest.)
You cannot use ~서/아서 with a command or suggestion. While the reason (being tired) is valid, the structure is not.
- Correct for reason + command/suggestion
- 피곤하니까 쉬세요. (Because you are tired, please rest.)
§ Mistake 3: Omitting the first verb/adjective in a sequence of 'action + ~서/아서 + action'
When using ~서/아서 to link sequential actions, you can't just drop the first part of the verb. The full verb stem plus ~서/아서 must be present.
- Incorrect
- 학교 서 공부했어요. (Went to school and studied.)
Here, the verb '가다' (to go) is missing before ~서. It should be '가서'.
- Correct
- 학교에 가서 공부했어요. (I went to school and then studied.)
빵을 사서 먹었어요. (I bought bread and then ate it.)
§ Mistake 4: Using ~서/아서 for general sequential actions without a direct consequence
While ~서/아서 can indicate sequential actions, it specifically implies that the first action leads to or enables the second. If the actions are just a list of things you did in order, with no strong cause-and-effect, ~고 is usually more natural.
- Incorrect
- 아침에 일어나서 이를 닦았어요. (I woke up and brushed my teeth.)
While technically you wake up before brushing your teeth, waking up isn't the *reason* you brush them, nor does it directly *cause* you to brush them in the same way 'go to the market and buy bread' implies buying is the direct result of going. It's just a sequence of daily actions.
- Correct
- 아침에 일어나고 이를 닦았어요. (I woke up and brushed my teeth.)
Using ~고 here simply lists the actions in order, which is more appropriate.
When expressing emotions or greetings, ~서/아서 is often used naturally because the reason directly leads to the feeling/greeting:
만나서 반가워요. (I am happy because I met you / Nice to meet you.)
늦어서 죄송합니다. (Because I am late, I am sorry.)
§ Understanding ~서/아서
The Korean conjunction ~서/아서 is super useful for connecting two clauses. It basically means "so" or "because," showing either a reason for something or a sequence of actions. It's one of the first ways you'll learn to link sentences naturally in Korean.
- How to attach ~서/아서
- If the verb or adjective stem ends in ㅏ or ㅗ, you add ~아서. (e.g., 가다 → 가서, 오다 → 와서)
- If the verb or adjective stem ends in any other vowel, you add ~어서. (e.g., 먹다 → 먹어서, 만들다 → 만들어서)
- If the verb or adjective stem ends in 하다, it becomes ~해서. (e.g., 공부하다 → 공부해서, 행복하다 → 행복해서)
§ Using ~서/아서 for Reasons
This is where ~서/아서 shines for explaining *why* something is happening. The first clause is the reason, and the second clause is the result or consequence.
비가 와서 집에 있었어요. (It rained, so I stayed home.)
배가 고파서 밥을 먹었어요. (I was hungry, so I ate rice.)
§ Using ~서/아서 for Sequential Actions
Another common use for ~서/아서 is to show a sequence of events. The first action happens, and *then* the second action happens. There's no particular cause-and-effect; it's simply the order of things.
학교에 가서 공부했어요. (I went to school and then studied.)
밥을 먹고 설거지했어요. (I ate and then did the dishes.)
§ ~서/아서 vs. ~니까/으니까
You'll quickly learn that Korean has a few ways to express reasons. ~서/아서 and ~니까/으니까 are two common ones. Here's how they differ:
- ~서/아서
- Used for general reasons, often emotions or natural consequences.
- Cannot be used with imperative (commands) or propositive (suggestions) endings in the second clause.
- The tense (past, present) is only marked on the *final* verb in the sentence. The verb before ~서/아서 is always in its base form.
- ~니까/으니까
- Used for more objective or newly discovered reasons.
- Can be used with imperative and propositive endings in the second clause. This is a key difference!
- The tense can be marked on the verb *before* ~니까/으니까.
배가 고파서 밥을 먹었어요. (I was hungry, so I ate. - Natural feeling of hunger)
지금 바쁘니까 나중에 전화해 주세요. (I'm busy now, so please call me later. - Request based on a current situation)
Notice how ~니까/으니까 allows for a command in the second clause, which ~서/아서 doesn't. This is the biggest functional difference for beginners.
§ ~서/아서 vs. ~고
We also mentioned ~서/아서 for sequential actions. The other common conjunction for connecting actions is ~고. Here's the key distinction:
- ~서/아서 (sequential action)
- Implies a chronological order where the first action *must* happen before the second.
- Often used when the two actions are closely related or the second action depends on the first.
- ~고
- Connects two actions in chronological order, but the connection isn't as strong as ~서/아서. The second action doesn't necessarily depend on the first.
- Can also connect two *unrelated* actions, simply listing them.
씻어서 옷을 입었어요. (I washed and then got dressed. - You usually wash *before* dressing.)
아침을 먹고 신문을 읽었어요. (I ate breakfast and then read the newspaper. - Both happened, but reading didn't *depend* on eating.)
How Formal Is It?
"지금 회의 중이어서, 잠시 기다려 주시겠어요? (Because we are in a meeting now, would you please wait a moment?)"
"비가 와서, 영화를 봤어요. (Because it rained, I watched a movie.)"
"바쁘니까 다음에 얘기하자. (Because I'm busy, let's talk next time.)"
"배고파서 밥 먹자! (Because I'm hungry, let's eat rice!)"
"너 땜에 늦었잖아! (I'm late because of you!)"
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비가 와서 집에 있었어요.
Because it rained, I stayed at home.
배고파서 밥을 먹었어요.
I was hungry, so I ate a meal.
피곤해서 일찍 잤어요.
I was tired, so I went to bed early.
바빠서 전화를 못 했어요.
I was busy, so I couldn't call.
친구가 와서 같이 영화를 봤어요.
My friend came, so we watched a movie together.
길이 복잡해서 차가 막혔어요.
The road was complicated, so there was a traffic jam.
한국어를 배워서 한국 여행을 가고 싶어요.
I want to learn Korean, so I want to go on a trip to Korea.
날씨가 좋아서 산책했어요.
The weather was good, so I took a walk.
비가 와서 길이 미끄러워요.
Because it's raining, the road is slippery.
Used to connect two clauses where the first clause is the reason for the second.
피곤해서 일찍 잤어요.
Because I was tired, I went to bed early.
Connects a reason (tiredness) to an action (sleeping early).
배가 고파서 밥을 먹었어요.
Because I was hungry, I ate a meal.
Links hunger as the reason for eating.
한국에 와서 김치를 처음 먹어봤어요.
After coming to Korea, I tried kimchi for the first time.
Used for sequential actions, where the first action leads to the second.
도서관에 가서 책을 빌렸어요.
I went to the library and borrowed a book.
Connects two sequential actions: going to the library then borrowing a book.
친구가 와서 같이 영화를 봤어요.
My friend came, so we watched a movie together.
Indicates a reason (friend's arrival) for the subsequent action (watching a movie).
공부해서 좋은 성적을 받았어요.
Because I studied, I got good grades.
Shows a cause-and-effect relationship between studying and grades.
버스를 놓쳐서 지각했어요.
Because I missed the bus, I was late.
Explains the reason (missing the bus) for being late.
날씨가 좋아서 우리는 소풍을 갔다.
The weather was good, so we went on a picnic.
피곤해서 일찍 잠자리에 들었다.
I was tired, so I went to bed early.
배가 고파서 밥을 먹었다.
I was hungry, so I ate a meal.
친구가 늦게 와서 우리는 기다렸다.
My friend came late, so we waited.
숙제가 많아서 밤을 새웠다.
I had a lot of homework, so I stayed up all night.
비가 와서 계획을 변경했다.
It rained, so we changed our plans.
버스를 놓쳐서 택시를 탔다.
I missed the bus, so I took a taxi.
영화를 봐서 너무 슬펐다.
I watched the movie, so I was very sad.
容易混淆的词
Many learners struggle with the various ways to express 'because' or 'so' in Korean, leading to confusion between '~서/아서', '~기 때문에', and '~(으)니까'.
Distinguishing between simple sequential actions ('~고') and causally linked sequential actions ('~서/아서') is a common point of confusion.
Understanding whether a conjunction connects clauses within a single sentence ('~서/아서') or connects separate sentences ('그리고', '그래서') is often challenging.
习语与表达
"비가 와서 못 갔어요."
I couldn't go because it rained.
비가 와서 못 갔어요. (Because it rained, I couldn't go.)
neutral"너무 피곤해서 일찍 잤어요."
I was so tired, so I went to bed early.
너무 피곤해서 일찍 잤어요. (I was very tired, so I slept early.)
neutral"배고파서 밥 먹었어요."
I was hungry, so I ate.
배고파서 밥 먹었어요. (Because I was hungry, I ate rice.)
neutral"친구를 만나서 영화를 봤어요."
I met a friend and watched a movie.
친구를 만나서 영화를 봤어요. (I met a friend, then watched a movie.)
neutral"공부해서 똑똑해졌어요."
I studied and became smart.
공부해서 똑똑해졌어요. (I studied, so I became smart.)
neutral"서울에 가서 한국어를 배웠어요."
I went to Seoul and learned Korean.
서울에 가서 한국어를 배웠어요. (I went to Seoul, then learned Korean.)
neutral"이 책을 읽어서 많이 알게 됐어요."
I read this book, so I learned a lot.
이 책을 읽어서 많이 알게 됐어요. (I read this book, so I got to know a lot.)
neutral"늦어서 죄송합니다."
I am sorry because I am late.
늦어서 죄송합니다. (I am late, so I am sorry.)
formal"도와주셔서 감사합니다."
Thank you for helping me.
도와주셔서 감사합니다. (You helped me, so thank you.)
formal"바빠서 연락 못 했어요."
I was busy, so I couldn't contact you.
바빠서 연락 못 했어요. (Because I was busy, I couldn't contact you.)
neutral容易混淆
Both '~서/아서' and '~기 때문에' indicate reason. Learners often struggle to differentiate when to use which.
'~기 때문에' is generally stronger and more formal than '~서/아서'. It emphasizes the reason more explicitly. '~서/아서' cannot be used with imperative or propositive sentences, while '~기 때문에' can.
비가 오기 때문에 집에 있어요. (Because it's raining, I'm at home.) - Here, you can also use ~서/아서: 비가 와서 집에 있어요.
Similar to '~서/아서', this also expresses a reason or cause. The main confusion arises in the nuance and grammatical constraints.
'~(으)니까' often implies that the speaker discovered the reason *after* doing something or after a certain event. It can also be used with imperative and propositive sentences, unlike '~서/아서'.
지금 바쁘니까 나중에 전화해 주세요. (Since I'm busy now, please call me later.)
While '~고' primarily means 'and' for sequential actions, it can sometimes be confused with the sequential action meaning of '~서/아서'.
'~서/아서' implies a causal or logical connection between the two actions, where the first action directly leads to the second. '~고' simply lists actions in order without necessarily implying a strong connection.
밥을 먹고 영화를 봤어요. (I ate and then watched a movie.) - Simply sequential. Compare with: 밥을 먹어서 배불러요. (Because I ate, I'm full.) - Causal.
'그리고' is a standalone conjunction meaning 'and' or 'and then'. Learners might mix it up with '~서/아서' when describing a sequence of events.
'그리고' connects two independent clauses or sentences. '~서/아서' connects two clauses within a single sentence, where the first clause acts as a reason or a preceding action for the second.
저는 학생입니다. 그리고 한국어를 공부합니다. (I am a student. And I study Korean.)
'그래서' means 'so' or 'therefore' and shows a result, which is a common function of '~서/아서' when expressing reason.
'그래서' is a standalone adverb that connects two separate sentences, where the first sentence provides the reason and the second provides the result. '~서/아서' combines the reason and result into one sentence.
비가 왔어요. 그래서 집에 있었어요. (It rained. So, I stayed home.) - Compare with: 비가 와서 집에 있었어요. (Because it rained, I stayed home.)
词族
名词
如何使用
The '~서/아서' conjunction is really useful for connecting two clauses. It can show a reason or cause for something, similar to saying 'because' or 'so' in English. It can also show that one action happened right after another. Here's how to use it:
- Reason/Cause: When the first clause explains the reason for the second clause. For example, if you say '피곤해서 집에 가요' (I'm going home because I'm tired), '피곤해서' explains why you're going home.
- Sequential Action: When the first action leads directly into the second action, and the second action wouldn't happen without the first. For instance, '밥을 먹어서 배불러요' (I ate rice, so I'm full). The eating happened first, leading to being full.
Remember, you can't use past or future tense endings (like ~았/었 or ~겠) before ~서/아서. The tense of the whole sentence is usually determined by the final verb.
A common mistake is using '~서/아서' with actions that aren't directly related or sequential. For instance, if you say '저는 학생이어서 한국어를 공부해요' (I am a student, so I study Korean), it's correct because being a student is a reason to study. But if you say '저는 사과를 좋아해서 밥을 먹어요' (I like apples, so I eat rice), it doesn't make sense because liking apples isn't a reason to eat rice. Instead, you'd use a different conjunction like '~고' for simply listing actions. Always make sure there's a clear cause-and-effect or sequential relationship between the two clauses when using '~서/아서'.
小贴士
~서/아서 Basics
Use ~서/아서 to connect two clauses. The first clause is the reason or preceding action, and the second clause is the result or subsequent action.
Vowel/Consonant Ending Rule
If the verb/adjective stem ends in a vowel (ㅏ, ㅗ), use ~아서. If it ends in any other vowel or a consonant, use ~어서. If the stem ends in 하다, it becomes 해서.
Reason Usage
When ~서/아서 indicates a reason, the first clause explains why the second clause happens. For example: 날씨가 좋아서 산책했어요. (The weather was good, so I took a walk.)
Sequential Action Usage
When ~서/아서 indicates sequential action, the first clause happens before the second clause. For example: 집에 가서 밥을 먹었어요. (I went home and ate.)
No Future Tense
You cannot use future tense endings (like ~겠어요 or ~(으)ㄹ 거예요) in the clause before ~서/아서. The action or reason must be current or past.
No Imperative/Propositive
You cannot use imperative (~(으)세요) or propositive (~(으)ㅂ시다) endings in the clause after ~서/아서 when it expresses a reason. It's fine for sequential actions.
Common Use with 'to be'
When connecting with 'to be' (이다), it becomes ~이어서/여서. For example: 학생이어서 공부해요. (I'm a student, so I study.)
Practice with Daily Routines
Think about your daily routines and try to connect them using ~서/아서. For example: 아침에 일어나서 커피를 마셔요. (I wake up in the morning and drink coffee.)
Distinguishing from ~고
While ~고 also connects actions, ~서/아서 often implies a closer relationship or a cause-and-effect that ~고 doesn't always have. ~고 just lists actions.
Listen for Natural Flow
Pay attention to how native speakers use ~서/아서. Over time, you'll develop an intuition for when it sounds most natural for reasons and sequential actions.
常见问题
10 个问题The main difference is how ~서/아서 connects two clauses. It's often used when the first clause is the direct reason or cause for the second, or when the second action happens sequentially after the first. Other particles like ~니까/으니까 or ~기 때문에 have slightly different nuances, like expressing a strong personal opinion or a more general, objective reason. For A1 learners, focus on ~서/아서 for straightforward reasons or actions that naturally follow each other. For example:
비가 와서 집에 있었어요. (Because it rained, I stayed home.)
~아서 is used when the stem of the verb or adjective ends in a bright vowel (ㅏ or ㅗ). For example, 좋다 (to be good) becomes 좋아서.
~어서 is used when the stem ends in a dark vowel (anything else). For example, 먹다 (to eat) becomes 먹어서.
If the stem ends in 하다, it changes to 해서. For example, 공부하다 (to study) becomes 공부해서.
No, you generally don't attach ~서/아서 directly to past tense markers like ~았/었. The meaning of 'because' or 'then' is conveyed by the entire first clause, even if the action happened in the past. The tense of the sentence is usually determined by the final verb.
For example: 어제 아파서 학교에 못 갔어요. (Because I was sick yesterday, I couldn't go to school.) Here, '아파서' (being sick) implies the past situation without explicitly adding past tense to '아프다'.
Yes, ~서/아서 is a very common and versatile connector that can be used in both formal and informal situations. It's a fundamental part of Korean grammar. You can use it in formal speeches, presentations, and everyday conversations without sounding awkward.
While it often expresses 'reason' or 'cause,' ~서/아서 also signifies sequential actions, meaning one action happens, and then the next. Think of it as 'and then.'
For example: 집에 가서 밥을 먹었어요. (I went home, and then I ate.) Here, going home is followed by eating, not necessarily causing it.
Generally, you cannot use ~서/아서 to connect a reason clause to an imperative (command) or propositive (suggestion) clause. For those situations, other particles like ~니까/으니까 are typically used.
Incorrect: 피곤해서 쉬세요.
Correct: 피곤하니까 쉬세요. (Because you're tired, please rest.)
If the verb stem ends with 'ㄹ', the 'ㄹ' is generally retained before ~아서/어서. For example, 살다 (to live) becomes 살아서.
Example: 서울에 살아서 좋아요. (Because I live in Seoul, it's good.)
Absolutely! Many common expressions use it. For instance, 만나서 반갑습니다 (Nice to meet you – literally 'because I met you, I'm glad'). Another one is 죄송해서 (because I'm sorry) or 고마워서 (because I'm thankful) which can be used to explain further actions.
Yes, you can often omit the subject in the second clause if it's the same as the subject in the first clause. This is very common in Korean to avoid repetition.
Example: 저는 배고파서 (저는) 밥을 먹었어요. (Because I was hungry, I ate.) The second '저는' is often omitted.
A common mistake is trying to directly translate 'so' or 'because' from English and applying it to situations where ~서/아서 isn't appropriate, especially with imperatives or propositives. Remember to distinguish between a direct cause/sequential action and other types of reasons. Also, forgetting the vowel harmony rules (~아서 vs. ~어서) is a frequent error.
自我测试 114 个问题
Choose the correct ending: 비가 오다, 집에 있었다.
The '~아서' form indicates a reason. 'Because it rained, I was at home.'
Which sentence correctly uses ~서/아서 for sequential action?
The '~아서' form can also show that one action happens immediately after another. Eating rice came before going to school.
Select the sentence where ~서/아서 expresses a reason:
Drinking coffee is the reason for not being able to sleep. '친구가 좋아서 행복해요' also shows a reason, but '커피를 마셔서 잠이 안 와요' is a more direct cause and effect.
When '보다' (to see) is used with ~서/아서, it becomes '봐서'.
Verbs ending in 'ㅏ' or 'ㅗ' combine with '아서'. '보다' + '아서' becomes '봐서'.
The sentence '배고파서 빵을 먹었어요.' means 'I was hungry, but I ate bread.'
This sentence means 'Because I was hungry, I ate bread.' '~서/아서' indicates a reason, not a contrast.
You can use ~서/아서 to connect two completely unrelated actions.
~서/아서 connects actions that are sequential or where the first action is the reason for the second. The actions must be related.
It rained, so I stayed home.
I was hungry, so I ate.
I was tired, so I slept early.
Read this aloud:
날씨가 좋아서 산책했어요.
Focus: 좋아서 (jo-a-seo)
你说的：
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Read this aloud:
친구가 와서 기뻤어요.
Focus: 와서 (wa-seo)
你说的：
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Read this aloud:
숙제가 많아서 바빴어요.
Focus: 많아서 (ma-na-seo)
你说的：
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Combine these two sentences using ~서/아서: 저는 학생입니다. 저는 한국어를 공부해요.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
저는 학생이어서 한국어를 공부해요.
Combine these two sentences using ~서/아서: 날씨가 좋습니다. 우리는 공원에 갑니다.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
날씨가 좋아서 우리는 공원에 갑니다.
Combine these two sentences using ~서/아서: 배고파요. 밥을 먹고 싶어요.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
배고파서 밥을 먹고 싶어요.
왜 오늘 또 영화를 보고 싶어 해요?
Read this passage:
저는 어제 영화를 봤어요. 재미있었어요. 그래서 오늘 또 보고 싶어요.
왜 오늘 또 영화를 보고 싶어 해요?
The passage says '재미있었어요. 그래서 오늘 또 보고 싶어요.' which means 'It was interesting. So I want to watch it again today.' The reason is that it was interesting.
The passage says '재미있었어요. 그래서 오늘 또 보고 싶어요.' which means 'It was interesting. So I want to watch it again today.' The reason is that it was interesting.
왜 매일 커피를 마셔요?
Read this passage:
저는 매일 커피를 마셔요. 피곤해서요.
왜 매일 커피를 마셔요?
The passage says '저는 매일 커피를 마셔요. 피곤해서요.' which means 'I drink coffee every day. Because I'm tired.' The reason is tiredness.
The passage says '저는 매일 커피를 마셔요. 피곤해서요.' which means 'I drink coffee every day. Because I'm tired.' The reason is tiredness.
이 사람은 왜 코트를 입었어요?
Read this passage:
날씨가 추워서 코트를 입었어요. 밖이 너무 추워요.
이 사람은 왜 코트를 입었어요?
The passage states '날씨가 추워서 코트를 입었어요.' meaning 'Because the weather is cold, I wore a coat.' The reason for wearing the coat is the cold weather.
The passage states '날씨가 추워서 코트를 입었어요.' meaning 'Because the weather is cold, I wore a coat.' The reason for wearing the coat is the cold weather.
The correct order is 'It's raining so I'm at home.'
The correct order is 'I'm hungry so I'm eating rice.'
The correct order is 'My friend came so I'm happy.'
Choose the best Korean conjunction for 'because I'm busy':
'-어서/아서' is used to connect a reason to a result. '바쁘다' (to be busy) ends in 'ㅏ', so '아서' is used.
Which sentence means 'I ate breakfast, so I'm full'?
Here, '먹어서' shows that eating breakfast is the reason for being full.
Select the correct way to say 'It's cold, so please close the window':
추워서 (because it's cold) is the correct form to express the reason.
You can say '비가 와서 집에 있었어요' to mean 'Because it rained, I stayed at home'.
This is a correct usage of '~서/아서' to show a reason and a subsequent action.
The sentence '친구가 와서 같이 영화를 봤어요' means 'My friend came, so we watched a movie together'.
This sentence correctly uses '~서/아서' to indicate a sequential action.
You can use '~서/아서' with '가다' (to go) and '오다' (to come) to indicate sequential actions, like '병원에 가서 주사를 맞았어요' (I went to the hospital and got a shot).
This is a common and correct use of '~서/아서' for sequential actions, especially with verbs of movement.
My friend was late, so I missed the movie.
It rained, so I stayed home.
I was tired, so I went to bed early.
Read this aloud:
배고파서 밥을 먹었어요.
Focus: 배고파서
你说的：
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Read this aloud:
공부해서 똑똑해졌어요.
Focus: 공부해서
你说的：
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
한국에 가서 한국어를 배웠어요.
Focus: 한국에 가서
你说的：
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
저는 배가 고파___ 밥을 먹었어요.
When the stem ends in a vowel, use ~서. 배고프다 (to be hungry) ends in a vowel ㅏ, so ~서 is used.
피곤해___ 일찍 잤어요.
피곤하다 (to be tired) ends in a vowel ㅏ, so ~서 is used.
친구가 와___ 같이 영화를 봤어요.
오다 (to come) ends in a vowel ㅏ, so ~서 is used.
비가 많이 와___ 집에 있었어요.
오다 (to come) ends in a vowel ㅏ, so ~서 is used. Here, '비가 오다' means 'it rains'.
날씨가 좋___ 산책했어요.
좋다 (to be good) ends in a consonant and the preceding vowel is ㅏ, so ~아서 is used.
책을 읽___ 잠이 들었어요.
읽다 (to read) ends in a consonant and the preceding vowel is ㅣ, so ~어서 is used.
Choose the most natural sentence using '~서/아서' to mean 'because'.
'~서/아서' indicates the reason for the following action. '배고파서' means 'because I was hungry'.
Which sentence correctly uses '~서/아서' to show a sequential action?
'~서/아서' can connect two actions that happen in sequence, where the first action is completed before the second. '학교에 가서' means 'going to school and then'.
Complete the sentence: '비가 ___ 집에 있었어요.' (It rained, so I stayed home.)
'비가 오다' (to rain) becomes '비가 와서' when using '~서/아서' to express the reason. The vowel '오' combines with '아서' to form '와서'.
You can use '~서/아서' with '고맙다' (to be thankful) to say 'Thank you for...'. For example, '도와줘서 고마워요.' (Thank you for helping me.)
'~서/아서' is commonly used to express the reason for gratitude or apology. '도와줘서' literally means 'because you helped', leading to 'Thank you for helping'.
It is always appropriate to use '~서/아서' when connecting any two clauses, regardless of the tense or mood.
'~서/아서' cannot be used with past tense markers like '-았/었-' or future tense markers like '-겠-'. It also cannot be used with imperative or propositive endings. For example, '밥을 먹어서 집에 가자' (I ate, so let's go home) is incorrect. It should be '밥을 먹고 집에 가자'.
When connecting two actions that happen in chronological order, using '~서/아서' implies that the second action is a result or consequence of the first.
While '~서/아서' can simply indicate sequential actions, it often carries the nuance that the first action leads to or is the prerequisite for the second. For example, '밥을 먹어서 힘이 났어요.' (I ate, so I got energy.) The eating directly led to getting energy.
The conjunction ~서/아서 connects the reason (너무 졸려서 - because I was so sleepy) to the action (집에 갔어요 - I went home).
The conjunction ~서/아서 connects the reason (비가 와서 - because it rained) to the action (우산을 가져갔어요 - I brought an umbrella).
The conjunction ~서/아서 connects the action (공부해서 - I studied) to the subsequent result (시험에 합격했어요 - I passed the exam).
저는 너무 피곤해___ 일찍 잠자리에 들었어요.
동사나 형용사 어간 끝에 모음 'ㅡ'로 끝나고 앞 음절에 받침이 없으면 '~어서'를 사용하고, 모음 'ㅏ, ㅗ'로 끝나면 '~아서'를 사용합니다. '피곤하다'는 'ㅏ' 모음으로 끝나지만 '피곤해'의 '해'는 모음 'ㅔ'로 끝나므로 '~서'가 붙습니다.
날씨가 좋___ 우리는 공원에 갔어요.
형용사 '좋다'의 어간 '좋-'은 모음 'ㅗ'로 끝나므로 '~아서'를 사용합니다.
밥을 먹___ 영화를 보러 갈까요?
이 문장은 순차적인 행동을 나타내므로 '~서/아서' 대신 '~고'를 사용합니다. '~서/아서'는 앞 절의 내용이 뒤 절의 내용에 대한 이유나 원인이 되거나, 앞 절의 행동이 뒤 절의 행동의 필수적인 전제가 될 때 사용합니다. 단순히 순차적인 행동을 나열할 때는 '~고'가 적절합니다.
시험공부를 열심히 했___ 좋은 성적을 받았어요.
동사 '하다'의 어간 '하-'는 모음 'ㅏ'로 끝나므로 '~아서'가 붙는 것처럼 보이지만, '하다' 동사는 불규칙 활용을 하여 '해서'가 됩니다. '했-'은 '해서'의 과거형이므로 '~서'가 붙습니다.
그는 키가 크___ 농구를 잘해요.
형용사 '크다'의 어간 '크-'는 모음 'ㅡ'로 끝나고 앞 음절에 받침이 없으므로 '~아서'가 붙습니다.
배가 고프___ 밥을 먹으러 갔어요.
형용사 '고프다'의 어간 '고프-'는 모음 'ㅡ'로 끝나고 앞 음절에 받침이 없으므로 '~아서'가 붙습니다.
Choose the most appropriate conjunction to connect these two sentences: 저는 한국어를 공부했어요. 그래서 한국 드라마를 잘 이해해요.
The first sentence explains the reason for the second sentence. '~서/아서' is used to connect a cause or reason to a result or consequence.
Which of the following sentences uses '~서/아서' correctly to indicate a sequential action?
In this sentence, '밥을 먹어서' (after eating) clearly indicates an action that happened before watching the movie.
Select the sentence that best expresses a reason using '~서/아서'.
The sentence indicates that being tired is the reason for sleeping early.
The conjunction '~서/아서' can be used to connect two clauses where the second clause is a command or a suggestion.
~서/아서 cannot be used with commands (e.g., ~세요/으세요) or suggestions (e.g., ~읍시다/ㅂ시다). Other conjunctions like ~니까 are used for such cases.
In the sentence '날씨가 좋아서 산책을 갔어요.', '~서/아서' indicates a reason.
The good weather is the reason for going for a walk. '~서/아서' is correctly used to show this causal relationship.
The sentence '아침을 먹어서 학교에 갔어요.' means that going to school happened after eating breakfast.
This sentence uses '~서/아서' to indicate a sequential action, meaning breakfast was eaten first, and then school was attended.
The friend was late, so we missed the movie.
The weather was so hot, so the ice cream melted quickly.
I was hungry, so I ate two ramyeon.
Read this aloud:
피곤해서 집에 일찍 가고 싶어요.
Focus: 피곤해서 (pigonhaeseo), 싶어요 (sipeoyo)
你说的：
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Read this aloud:
비가 많이 와서 길이 미끄러웠어요.
Focus: 많이 와서 (mani waseo), 미끄러웠어요 (mikkeureowosseoyo)
你说的：
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Read this aloud:
시간이 없어서 숙제를 못 했어요.
Focus: 없어서 (eopseoseo), 못 했어요 (mot haesseoyo)
你说的：
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
You're planning a weekend trip with a friend. Write a message explaining why you want to visit a specific place and what you want to do there, using ~서/아서 at least once to explain your reason.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
이번 주말에 부산에 가고 싶어서 연락했어요. 바다가 너무 아름다워서 같이 해변을 걷고 맛있는 해산물도 먹고 싶어요.
Describe a recent problem you faced and how you solved it. Use ~서/아서 to connect the problem to its solution or a consequence.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
어제 컴퓨터가 고장나서 중요한 보고서를 작성할 수 없었어요. 그래서 밤새도록 다른 컴퓨터로 다시 작업해서 겨우 마쳤어요.
Imagine you're writing a short diary entry about your day. Explain at least two things that happened in sequence, using ~서/아서 to link the actions.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
오늘 아침에 일찍 일어나서 조깅을 하고 샤워를 했어요. 그 다음에 아침 식사를 준비해서 맛있게 먹었어요.
친구가 아팠을 때, 무엇을 했습니까?
Read this passage:
친구가 갑자기 아파서 병원에 같이 갔어요. 의사 선생님이 약을 처방해 주셔서 약국에서 약을 샀어요. 약을 먹고 나니 친구의 상태가 훨씬 좋아졌어요.
친구가 아팠을 때, 무엇을 했습니까?
첫 문장에 '친구가 갑자기 아파서 병원에 같이 갔어요'라고 나와 있습니다.
첫 문장에 '친구가 갑자기 아파서 병원에 같이 갔어요'라고 나와 있습니다.
이 사람은 왜 여러 권의 책을 빌렸습니까?
Read this passage:
저는 어제 도서관에 가서 책을 빌렸어요. 읽고 싶은 책이 많아서 여러 권 빌렸는데, 다 읽으려면 시간이 좀 걸릴 것 같아요. 그래서 주말에는 독서만 할 계획이에요.
이 사람은 왜 여러 권의 책을 빌렸습니까?
두 번째 문장에 '읽고 싶은 책이 많아서 여러 권 빌렸는데'라고 나와 있습니다.
두 번째 문장에 '읽고 싶은 책이 많아서 여러 권 빌렸는데'라고 나와 있습니다.
이 가족은 다음 달에 어디로 여행을 갑니까?
Read this passage:
우리 가족은 다음 달에 제주도로 여행을 갈 거예요. 비행기표를 미리 예약해 두어서 안심이에요. 제주도에 가면 맛있는 해산물을 많이 먹고 아름다운 바다를 구경할 거예요.
이 가족은 다음 달에 어디로 여행을 갑니까?
첫 문장에 '우리 가족은 다음 달에 제주도로 여행을 갈 거예요'라고 명시되어 있습니다.
첫 문장에 '우리 가족은 다음 달에 제주도로 여행을 갈 거예요'라고 명시되어 있습니다.
그가 갑작스럽게 사직서를 제출하여, 회사 분위기가 완전히 ________.
~서/아서 is used to indicate the reason or cause for the following action or state. '경직되어서' (became stiff/tense because) fits perfectly here.
복잡한 문제의 해결책을 찾기 위해 밤새도록 ________, 결국 해답을 찾지 못했다.
~서/아서 can also indicate sequential action. '고심해서' (after much deliberation, or because I deliberated much) is the most natural fit for the flow of the sentence.
그녀의 재정 상태가 급격히 악화________, 결국 파산 신청을 할 수밖에 없었다.
Here, ~서/아서 is used to express the reason for the following action. '악화되어서' (because it worsened) is the correct choice.
오랜 시간 동안의 연구와 개발 ________, 마침내 혁신적인 신제품을 시장에 출시할 수 있었다.
~서/아서 expresses a sequential action or the reason for the result. '끝내서' (having finished/because they finished) indicates that the product launch was a result of finishing the research and development.
환경 문제에 대한 대중의 인식이 높아________, 기업들은 친환경 제품 개발에 박차를 가하고 있다.
~서/아서 can be used to describe simultaneous or sequential actions. '높아지면서' (as it increased/because it increased) effectively conveys the cause for companies' actions.
이번 프로젝트가 성공적으로 마무리________, 팀원들 모두에게 특별 보너스가 지급될 예정이다.
~서/아서 is used here to indicate the condition or reason for the subsequent action. '마무리되어서' (because it was finished/after it was finished) shows the successful completion as the reason for the bonus.
Choose the most natural sentence using '~서/아서' to express a reason.
'~서/아서' indicates a reason or cause for the following action. '너무 피곤해서' (because he was too tired) naturally leads to '일찍 잠자리에 들었어요' (he went to bed early). The other options use conjunctions with different nuances.
Which sentence correctly uses '~서/아서' to show a sequential action?
'~서/아서' is used here to indicate that going to the department store happened first, and then shopping occurred. This shows a direct sequence of actions. Other options imply different relationships between the two actions.
Select the sentence where '~서/아서' clearly expresses the cause of an emotional state.
'선물을 받아서' (because I received a gift) is the direct cause of '기분이 아주 좋았어요' (I felt very good). This is a common and appropriate use of '~서/아서' for emotional reasons.
The sentence '비가 와서 집에 있었어요.' correctly uses '~서/아서' to state a reason for staying home.
'비가 와서' (because it rained) directly explains '집에 있었어요' (I stayed home). This is a correct application of '~서/아서' for expressing a reason.
In the sentence '아침에 일어나서 아침밥을 먹었어요.', '~서/아서' indicates a choice between two actions.
In this sentence, '~서/아서' indicates a sequential action, meaning 'waking up in the morning' happened first, followed by 'eating breakfast'. It does not imply a choice.
The phrase '졸려서 잠이 들었어요.' means 'I fell asleep because I was sleepy.'
'졸려서' (because I was sleepy) is the reason for '잠이 들었어요' (I fell asleep). This is a correct interpretation of '~서/아서' expressing a reason.
He was so tired that he went to bed early.
The weather was good, so we went on a picnic.
My head hurts, so I should take some medicine.
Read this aloud:
배가 고파서 밥을 먹어야 해요.
Focus: 고파서
你说的：
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Read this aloud:
바빠서 숙제를 못 했어요.
Focus: 바빠서
你说的：
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늦어서 죄송합니다.
Focus: 늦어서
你说的：
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The conjunction '~서/아서' indicates a reason, so 'too much eating' is the cause of 'full stomach'.
The conjunction '~서/아서' can also indicate sequential actions, so 'going to the library' happens before 'reading a book'.
'Finishing homework' is the reason for 'being able to rest now'.
Choose the most natural continuation: 경제 상황이 악화되어서...
The first option, '정부의 새로운 정책이 필요합니다' (New government policies are needed), logically follows from '경제 상황이 악화되어서' (Because the economic situation worsened). The other options do not present a logical consequence.
Which sentence correctly uses '~서/아서' to indicate a sequential action?
In '저는 도서관에 가서 책을 빌렸습니다' (I went to the library and borrowed a book), '가서' indicates a sequential action (going to the library then borrowing a book). The other options use '~서/아서' to express a reason.
Which of the following implies a reason for the main clause?
'그는 잠을 많이 자서 피로가 풀렸다' (Because he slept a lot, his fatigue was relieved) uses '~서/아서' to indicate the reason for the fatigue being relieved. The other options describe sequential actions.
The sentence '늦잠을 자서 회의에 늦었다' correctly uses '~서/아서' to express a reason.
'늦잠을 자서 회의에 늦었다' (Because I overslept, I was late for the meeting) correctly uses '~서/아서' to state the reason for being late.
In the sentence '아침을 먹어서 학교에 갔다', '~서/아서' indicates that eating breakfast and going to school happened simultaneously.
In '아침을 먹어서 학교에 갔다' (I ate breakfast and went to school), '~서/아서' indicates a sequential action, not simultaneous actions. Eating breakfast happened first, then going to school.
The phrase '너무 바빠서 전화할 시간이 없었다' implies that the lack of time to call is due to being too busy.
'너무 바빠서 전화할 시간이 없었다' (Because I was too busy, I didn't have time to call) correctly uses '~서/아서' to convey that being too busy is the reason for not having time to call.
This sentence means 'Because there is insufficient information, I cannot make a decision.' The '~서/아서' conjunction links '정보가 부족하다' (information is insufficient) as the reason for '결정할 수 없다' (cannot make a decision).
This sentence translates to 'Because it is too complex, it is difficult to understand.' Here, '~서/아서' connects '너무 복잡하다' (it is too complex) to '이해하기 어렵다' (it is difficult to understand), showing cause and effect.
This sentence means 'Because I can draw an accurate conclusion, I began more research.' The '~서/아서' conjunction links '정확한 결론을 낼 수 있다' (can draw an accurate conclusion) as the reason for '연구를 더 해야 시작했다' (began more research).
/ 114 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
~서/아서 is a versatile conjunctive ending that explains the 'why' or 'what next' between two parts of a sentence.
- Use ~서/아서 to express a reason or cause for the second clause.
- Use ~서/아서 to show that one action happened, and then another action followed.
- Cannot be used with past tense (~었/았) or future tense (~겠) endings directly before ~서/아서.
~서/아서 Basics
Use ~서/아서 to connect two clauses. The first clause is the reason or preceding action, and the second clause is the result or subsequent action.
Vowel/Consonant Ending Rule
If the verb/adjective stem ends in a vowel (ㅏ, ㅗ), use ~아서. If it ends in any other vowel or a consonant, use ~어서. If the stem ends in 하다, it becomes 해서.
Reason Usage
When ~서/아서 indicates a reason, the first clause explains why the second clause happens. For example: 날씨가 좋아서 산책했어요. (The weather was good, so I took a walk.)
Sequential Action Usage
When ~서/아서 indicates sequential action, the first clause happens before the second clause. For example: 집에 가서 밥을 먹었어요. (I went home and ate.)
例句
배가 고파서 밥을 빨리 먹었다.
相关内容
更多general词汇
몇몇
A2An unspecified small number of; some or a few.
조금
A1A little/a bit
적게
A1A little / Few
약간
A2A little; slightly; somewhat.
많이
A1A lot/much
잠시
A2For a moment; briefly.
잠깐
A2For a short time; a moment.
아까
A2A little while ago, earlier.
대해
A2About, concerning.
~에 대해서
A2Concerning or regarding a particular subject; about.
